Objective: To investigate the influence of relevant inflammatory markers in peripheral blood on the progression of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) secondary to diabetic retinopathy (DR) among patients. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted, categorizing patients into two groups based on the presence or absence of NVG: those with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) alone (PDR group, n=148) and those with NVG secondary to PDR (NVG secondary to PDR group, n=142). Peripheral blood inflammatory markers were evaluated, including white blood cell-related indices, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Analyze the distinctions in peripheral blood inflammatory markers between the two groups of patients and the relationships these bear to NVG secondary to PDR. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics between the two groups, confirming their comparability. However, significant differences were found in eosinophil percentage and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) between the PDR group and the NVG secondary to PDR group (P< 0.05), with both values being significantly higher in the NVG secondary to PDR group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the eosinophil percentage and the monocyte - to - lymphocyte ratio were factors influencing the development of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in patients. Conclusion: Eosinophil percentage and MLR may be associated with the progression of PDR to NVG and could serve as potential predictive markers for NVG development in PDR patients. Keywords:diabetic retinopathy； neovascular glaucoma； eosinophils； monocyte to lymphocyte ratio； inflammatory indicators