Myopia is an increasingly prevalent public health concern globally, with a complex pathogenesis involving the interplay of multiple signaling pathways and genes. The Wnt signaling pathway plays a crucial role in biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling, and its role in myopia development has garnered significant attention in recent years. Studies have demonstrated that the Wnt signaling pathway influences the occurrence and progression of myopia by regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of retinal cells(including RPE cells and ipRGCs), as well as the proliferation of scleral fibroblasts and the expression of extracellular matrix components(such as type I collagen), thereby affecting scleral remodeling and axial length elongation. This paper summarizes the roles of the Wnt signaling pathway in myopia development within different ocular tissues(retina and sclera)and explores potential myopia prevention and treatment strategies based on this pathway, providing insights for further research and clinical management of myopia.