Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)are net-like complexes released by neutrophils and play a crucial role in antimicrobial defense. In addition, NETs can exacerbate inflammatory responses associated with various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Currently, the role of NETs in ocular diseases has received extensive attention. This article systematically summarizes the formation mechanism of NETs and their role in maintaining intraocular homeostasis under physiological conditions. At the same time, it focuses on elaborating the pathogenic role of NETs in the field of ophthalmic diseases, such as dry eye, keratitis, uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and age-related macular degeneration, emphasizing the importance of NETs as therapeutic targets for ocular diseases and the potential application value as new markers for ocular diseases. Future in-depth research on the mechanism of NETs in ocular diseases will provide a stronger theoretical basis for the treatment of related eye diseases.