Abstract:AIM:To describe an association between extrafoveal vitreoretinal traction and chronic macular edema,either diffuse (DiME) or cystoid (CME),by the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT).·METHODS:Charts and OCT findings of two patients with persistent DiME or persistent DiME accompanied by CME,both associated with extrafoveal vitreous traction membranes were analyzed. Excluded were eyes that either had another vitreoretinopathy that could affect the analysis,had undergone pars plana vitrectomy or that had been treated by intravitreal medications. An age-matched normal control group for OCT (n=12) allowed for the quantification of the normal macular thicknesses.·RESULTS:One patient (one eye) following perforating ocular injury and one patient (one eye) of idiopathic origin,both with chronic macular edema refractive to conventional treatment,were found to be associated with extrafoveal vitreoretinal traction in each eye. Retinal edema that was underlying the traction site in each eye was in continuum with the central macular edema,thus manifesting as diffuse macular edema. The automatic central 6-radial lines program in the OCT enabled the detection of the traction site in one eye,while in the other eye the diagnosis was achieved only with the additional use of the Line group program. ·CONCLUSION:Chronic diffuse macular edema might be related to extrafoveal vitreoretinal traction. Careful search with the diverse OCT programs should be made in order to detect extrafoveal traction sites. Further studies and a larger cohort are required to compare the efficacy of early vitrectomy or pharmacologic vitreolysis versus the current therapeutic approaches in these situations.

Abstract:AIM:To determine the asymmetry in the sympathetic activity in the eyes as indicated by intraocular pressure(IOP). ·METHODS:In a prospective cross sectional study,the IOP in 150 newborns,80 young adults and 159 old people was measured with Tono-Pen under topical anaesthesia. ·RESULTS:The mean IOP in the newborns was 16.16mmHg in right eye and 15.79mmHg in left eye; in young adults 15.04mmHg in right eye and 14.71 in left eye; in old people 15.16 in right eye and 15.03 in left eye. A statistically significant higher IOP was noted in the right eye in the newborns (P=0.03) and in young adults (P=0.02),but not in the old people (P=0.26). The higher IOP in the right eye indicates the lowered sympathetic activity in that eye.·CONCLUSION:We hypothesize that the sympathetic asymmetry in the bilaterally placed organs helps to establish the dominant pattern of the organ in the body.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the recurrence rate and safety of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) augmented with mitomycin C (MMC) compared with amniotic membrane transplantation alone during the pterygium excision. ·METHODS:We took a meta-analysis on this program. Pertinent studies were selected through extensive searches of the Cochrane Library,MEDLINE,EMBASE,CBMdisc,CNKI. Pooled estimates were carried out in RevMan software V4.2. ·RESULTS:Six trials reported postoperative recurrence rate of pterygium,included 882 eyes,three trials reported the complications. The results of meta-analysis showed that recurrence rate of AMT plus MMC group was 5.41%,AMT alone group was 16.89%,relative risk(RR) was 0.32,95%CI ranged from 0.19 to 0.56,Z was 4.06,P<0.001. Two trials reported early complication as punctata keratitis,the incidence rate of AMT plus MMC group and AMT alone group were 17.14% and 0.00%,RR was 12.11,95%CI ranged from 1.62 to 90.76. ·CONCLUSION:Amniotic membrane transplantation with MMC is associated with lower recurrence rate compared with amniotic membrane transplantation alone in pterygium excision,whether accompanied a higher risk with adverse events need more investigation.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the clinical manifestations and visual outcome of syphilitic uveitis patients.·METHODS:Case series of three patients with syphilitic uveitis were managed in Hospital USM.·RESULTS:Three patients were diagnosed to have uveitis secondary to syphilis. All three patients were not known to have syphilis prior to presentation but had positive history of sexual promiscuity. All patients presented with progressive blurring of vision for average of one-month duration. Two of them had association with fever,ocular pain and floaters. Visual acuity at presentation ranged from 6/12 to hand movement. Mild anterior uveitis (non-granulomatous),vitritis and papillitis were present in all the patients. First patient had multifocal chorioretinitis with exudative retinal detachment. The second patient presented with exudative retinal detachment while the third patient had chorioretinitis only. All the patients were treated with intramuscular benzyl-penicillin 2.4 MU weekly for 4 weeks and two of them received oral doxycycline 200mg twice daily for 3 months. The uveitis responded well to the treatment and two of them showed dramatic visual improvement from 6/120 to 6/21 and 6/12 to 6/6. The one with worse outcome was confirmed to have positive retroviral.·CONCLUSION:Ocular syphilis presented here as non-granulomatous inflammation associated with exudative retinal detachment. Final visual outcome is generally good despite slow improvement after treatment.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the expression of VEGF-C,VEGFR-3 and lymphangion genesis in rat cornea after alkali burn. ·METHODS:The rat alkali burnt corneal model were made. The expression of VEGF-C,VEGFR-3 and lymphangion genesis labeled with LYVE-1 in rat cornea were detected by immunohistochemical assay at day 0 and day 1,3,5,7,14,21,28 after burn. In addition,the ultrastructure of lymphangion genesis in rat cornea was observed by electron microscope. ·RESULTS:The expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in rat cornea were increased after alkali burn. LYVE-1 were detected in rat cornea 3 days after alkali burn.·CONCLUSION:There are some new lymphangion genesis in rat cornea after alkali burn. And meanwhile,the expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in rat cornea was significantly increased.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the effect of aescinate on the expression of NF-κB and the intervention to the rat cataract by ultraviolet(UV) rays. ·METHODS::The expression of NF-κB was detected by immunohistochemistry in different phase(3,12 and 24 hours)after the rat lens epithelial cells were cultivated in RPMI 1640 which were exposed to UV radiation. ·RESULTS:The expression of NF-κB in the UV groups was significantly higher and it was positively correlated with the degree of lens opacity. Compared with the different doses of aescinate groups and the UV radiation treatment group:the expression of NF-κB in the high dose group was lower than that of the mean,low dose and UV group(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference between the low-dose treatment and UV radiation group(P>0.05) and there was significant difference between the mean dose treatment and UV radiation groups(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:UV can induce the activation of NF-κB. Aescinate can inhibit the activation of NF-κB expression and the occurrence of UV-induced cataract in the rat lens epithelial cells and has a dose-dependent effect.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in human cataract lens epithelial cells,and to explore its role in the pathogenesis of cataract.·METHODS:During the cataract circular capsulorhexis of phacoemulsification surgery,the anterior lens capsule and lens epithelial cells were obtained and fixed. Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of of PEDF and VEGF in lens epithelial cells.·RESULTS:There were expression of PEDF and VEGF in senile cataract crystal epithelial cells,while the high expression of PEDF was weaker than that in the VEGF.·CONCLUSION:PEDF and VEGF are expressed in senile cataract lens epithelial cells and both exist certain interactions. It may plays an important role for the pathogenesis of senile cataract.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) and its relationship with vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the retinal neovascularization.·METHODS:Mouse model of hyperoxia-induced ischemic retinopathy were established. A novel fluorescein-dextran perfusion method had been developed to assess the vascular pattern. The retinal neovascular response was quantitated. HIF-1α and VEGF expression in the retina was determined by immunohistochemical method. ·RESULTS:Lots of neovascularization were seen in hyperoxia group.The number of nuclei of proliferative retinal vessels increased significantly as compared with normal control group (P<0.01). The HIF-1α was expressed in the ganglion cells and retinal blood vessels;and the VEGF presented in the inner nuclear layer,ganglion cells and retinal blood vessels.·CONCLUSION:There are expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the retinal neovascularization and they are correlated.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the expression of GAP-43 in the retina of normal rats during the development phase.·METHODS:RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of mRNA in the retina of normal rats at the different age of postnatal. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect protein. And statistical analysis was performed on the experimental results.·RESULTS:The result of RT-PCR showed that GAP-43 continually rose before the 21st day of postnatal development and then reduced to a low level in the adulthood. With the development,the expression of GAP-43 got to highest at the age of P21 and then reduced to a low level in the adulthood. There was significance among different groups (P<0.01)·CONCLUSION:In the retina of normal rats and the time course of the critical period during development,GAP-43 mRNA and GAP-43 protein expression continually rise before the 21st day of postnatal development and then reduce to a low level in the adulthood.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the distribution characteristics of M-ller cells of the normal rat retina in different levels.·METHODS:The morphological characteristics of the M-ller cells of the normal retina was studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscope(TEM).·RESULTS:M-ller cells were not the relatively homogeneous distribution in every layer of the rat retina,which had the widest distribution in the inner plexiform layer,the ganglion cell layer and nerve fiber layer.·CONCLUSION:M-ller cells not only take part in composition of the stent of the rat retina,but also have the most active metabolism in the ganglion cell layer and nerve fiber layer.They are the important neuroglial cells.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the expression pattern and correlation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) and stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1) in the ischemic retinopathy and retinal ischemia-reperfusion.·METHODS:In order to analyze the correlation and expression between HIF-1α and SDF-1 in retinal ischemia-reperfusion model,immunohistochemical method was used.·RESULTS:In the control group,HIF-1α and SDF-1 were not expressed or slightly expressed,while that in retinal ischemia-reperfusion group began to express immediately after carotid artery ligation,ascended at 6 hour,reached peak at 12 hour,and decreased gradually after 24 hours.·CONCLUSION:HIF-1α and SDF-1 expression are closely relate to retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury,and have a collaborative relationship.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of compound anisodine in rats with retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.·METHODS:Totally 30 adult female rats were divided into three groups at random. Group 1(n=10):normal control;group 2(n=10):high intraocular pressure (IOP)induced ocular ischemia model; group 3(n=10):compound anisodine treatment. At the 1 day,3,7 days the recovery condition of a-wave and b-wave by electroretinogram were observed in each group respectively. The morphology of retinal were observed by light microscope(n=2) in each group randomly. Retinal morphology and ganglion cells mitochondrion were evaluated by electron microscope.·RESULTS:In our research,the recovery of b-wave in group 3 were better than that in group 1 and 2,and showed significant difference(P<0.01).In addition,group 3 ganglion cells mitochondrion swelling were lighter than that in group 2.·CONCLUSION:Compound anisodine can ameliorate the retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the influence of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) on human orbital fibroblast(OF) by 3H-Pro absorption in vitro. ·METHODS:Human OF were cultured in vitro. Different concentrations of TGF-β1(0.1,1.0,5.0,10.0,100.0μg/L) were incubated with cultured human OF. The collagen synthesis was evaluated by 3H-Pro absorption. ·RESULTS:TGF-β1 of 0.1,1.0,5.0,10.0μg/L could promote the 3H-Pro absorption more than the control group while the concentration of TGF-β1 of 100.0μg/L had a different result.·CONCLUSION:There is a concentration-dependant effect between TGF-β1 and collagen synthesis of OF.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the relationship between HbA1c and VEGF in the serum of patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).·METHODS:Eighty-six patients with DM were collected in the study. VEGF level in the serum was detected by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative analysis. HbA1c was measured by Chromatograph spectrophotometer. The course of DM was recorded.·RESULTS:The level of VEGF had a significant positive correlation with HbA1c in serum and course of DM(P<0.01),while it had no significant difference with FBS and P2BS.·CONCLUSION:The level of VEGF had a significant positive correlation with HbA1c in serum and course of DM.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the effect of multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation in treatment of corneal perforation.·METHODS:The clinical data of 106 patients 118 eyes with corneal perforation who underwent multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation with cryopreserved amniotic membrane materials were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months with an average of 12 months. Healing of corneal perforation,amnion,postoperative best-corrected visual acuity,intraocular pressure and complications were observed in the follow-up.·RESULTS:After 10 days to 3 months postoperatively,all patients were with healed corneal perforation; inner amniotic membranes were firmly with the corneal healing,and they were off the cornea or dissolved and absorbed 10-21 days after the operation in 34 eyes,within 2 months after the operation in 37 eyes,within 3 months after the operation in 47 eyes; after 6 months postoperatively,best-corrected visual acuity:light perception to hand movement in 26 eyes,finger count to 0.05 in 31 eyes,0.06-0.3 in 39 eyes,0.4-0.6 in 10 eyes,0.7-0.8 in 7 eyes,≥0.9 in 5 eyes,compared with preoperative ones,the visual acuity was significantly improved,the difference was significant (χ2=50.68,P<0.01); after 12 months postoperatively,corneal transparency was in 2 eyes,corneal leucoma in 38 eyes,corneal macula in 53 eyes and corneal nebula in 25 eyes; some of those patients who were combined with cataract preoperatively or with corneal leucoma postoperatively underwent cataract surgery or optical penetrating keratoplasty in selected period.·CONCLUSION:The effect of multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation in the treatment of corneal perforation due to various reasons with cryopreserved amniotic membrane,especially the range of corneal perforation within 3mm,is very significant,which can effectively promote the healing process,significantly improve visual acuity,and create favorable conditions for the follow-up treatment.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate functional outcomes after bilateral implantation of apodized diffractive aspheric acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) with a +3.0 or +4.0 diopter (D) addition (add) power. ·METHODS:Totally 36 patients 40 eyes with senile cataract underwent Phaco and AcrySof IQ ReSTOR IOL [an AcrySof IQ ReSTOR IOL with a +4.0D add power (+4.0D group,n=20) or an AcrySof IQ ReSTOR IOL with a +3.0D add power (+3.0D group,n=20)] implantation. At the postoperative month 3,visual acuity[distance,intermediate(60cm) and near vision(40cm)],contrast sensitivity,defocus testing,patient-reported outcomes,and safety measures were assessed. ·RESULTS:Of the 36 patients 40 eyes,20 were in the +3.0D group and 20 were in the +4.0D group. Binocular distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity was significantly better in the +3.0D group than that in the +4.0D group (P<0.01); there was no difference in binocular near or distance visual acuity. There were no statistically significant differences in visual disturbances between the 2 groups. ·CONCLUSION:Compared with the aspheric IOL AcrySof ReSTOR +4D,AcrySof ReSTOR +3D has better quality of distance,intermediate and near vision(especially in the intermediate vision),higher spectacle independence and satisfaction.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the clinical effects of nucleus delivery between hydraulic pressure and lens loop method in manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS).·METHODS:Totally 226 cases of cataract patients 253 eyes were randomly divided into hydraulic pressure nucleus delivery group and lens loop nucleus delivery group. The operating time,complications,corneal endothelial count and macular retinal thickness were observed preoperatively and postoperatively in both groups.·RESULTS:The average time of nucleus delivery:hydraulic pressure was 5±0.79s in nucleus delivery group and 4±1.23s in lens loop nucleus delivery group; complications in hydraulic pressure nucleus delivery group were less than those in lens loop nucleus delivery group. The corneal endothelial count before and after operation between the two groups was significantly different; the astigmatism after operation was not statistically different; the macular retinal thickness was not statistically different. ·CONCLUSION:Compared with the lens loop method,the hydraulic pressure nucleus delivery method is an effective,feasible,and economical approach with less complications for cataract surgery.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) for glaucoma evolutum.·METHODS:Totally 36 eyes diagnosed with glaucoma evolutum were treated with SLT. Intraocular pressure (IOP),visual acuity,C/D,visual field and the change of drugs were observed at different time.·RESULTS:The IOP changed from 24.44±5.55mmHg preoperatively to 24.22±6.32mmHg at the postoperative hour 1; in the postoperative day 1,week 1,month 1,2,3,6,9 and 12,the IOP decreased and showed statistical significance. The C/D changed from 0.75±0.16 preoperatively to 0.76±0.14 at the postoperative month 6 and showed no statistical significance. The number of drugs decreased in the postoperative month 6 and showed statistical significance,but at the postoperative month 9,12 the number of drugs increased and showed no statistical significance. There was no significant difference in visual acuity and visual field between the preoperation and postoperation.·CONCLUSION:SLT is an effective method for decreasing the IOP in glaucoma evolutum.

Abstract:AIM:To determine the prognostic factor of laser treatment for diabetic macular edema(DME).·METHODS:Totally 80 patients 80 eyes with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the retrospective study. All the subjects underwent local/grid laser coagulation treatment for DME. The clinical data were collected and analyzed. ·RESULTS:HbA1c,hyperlipemia and the type of DME were indicated as prognostic factors of laser treatment for DME by Logistic regression analysis and showed significant difference(P<0.05). ·CONCLUSION:Prognosis of laser treatment for DME is related with HbA1c,hyperlipemia and the type of DME.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the short-term surgery results for secondary epimacular membrane in silicone oil tamponade eyes,and to evaluate the effect influence after internal limiting peeling surgery.·METHODS:It was a case control study. 65 patients 65 eyes with secondary epimacular membrane in silicone oil tamponade who underwent silicone oil removal and epimacular membrane peeling(EMP) combined with or without internal limiting membrane peeling(ILMP) were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into single EMP group 34 eyes and combined with ILMP group(CILMP) (31 eyes).The follow-up time was more than 3 months. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multifocal electroretinogram(mfERG) were exeamined preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively respectively. The change of BCVA,foveal thickness(FT),amplitude density of wave P1 of ring 1 by mfERG were analyzed before and after surgery and the results were also analyzed statistically in both groups.·RESULTS:BCVA,FT and amplitude density of P1 were 4.1±0.3,424±54μm,and 23±7.3nV/deg2 respectively before surgery and they were 4.5±0.5,355±43μm,and 26±8.5nV/deg2 respectively after surgery in EMP group. BCVA,FT and amplitude density of P1 were 4.2±0.1,436±68μm and 24±7.8nV/deg2 before surgery and 4.5±0.4,348±53μm and 27±9.7nV/deg2 after sugery in CILMP group.There was significant difference between preoperation and postoperation in every group regarding BCVA,FT,amplitude of wave P1 of ring 1 by mfERG(P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the two groups before or after suegery.·CONCLUSION:EMP is an efficient surgery for the treatment of secondary epimacular membrane in silicone oil tamponaded eyes. Combined with ILMP may not benefit econdary epimacular membrane in silicone oil tamponade eyes in short-term after surgery.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the therapeutic effect of compound anisodine combined with triamcinolone acetonide(TA) for anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(AION). ·METHODS:Totally 58 patients 60 eyes diagnosed with AION were randomly divided into two groups:29 patients 30 eyes underwent superficial temporal artery injection with compound anisodine combined with triamcinolone acetonide(TA)(20mg) posterior Tenon’s capsule injection (treatment group),and the other 29 patients 30 eyes underwent superficial temporal artery injection with compound anisodine (2mL/d)(control group) with the period of treatment of 15 days. The changes of visual acuity and optic papilla swelling were recorded after treatment. The visual field was counterchecked in the patients who had underwent the examination before the treatment.·RESULTS:The visual acuity was improved in treatment group more than that in control group and there was statistical difference(χ2=17.8,P<0.01). In treatment group 14 eyes underwent the examination of vision field and improved in 12 (86%) and remainded unchanged in 2(14%). In control group 13 eyes underwent the examination of vision field and improved in 4(31%) and remainded unchanged in 9(69%). The change of vision field between two groups was statistical different (χ2=8.68,P<0.05). ·CONCLUSION:Compound anisodine combined with TA is more effective than compound anisodine separately on AION.

Abstract:AIM:To observe effects of Jolethin combined with argon laser for central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC). ·METHODS:Totally 60 patients 67 eyes with CSC (leakage zone:extrafoveal≥ 250μm) were devided into two groups randomly,and the treatment group included 30 patients 34 eyes who were treated by Jolethin through oral way and photocoagulation with argon laser,while the control group included 30 patients 33 eyes who were only treated by photocoagulation with argon laser. The difference of optic fundi,visual acuity,frequency of laser treatment,healing time,therapeutic effect and the recurrence rate were observed and compared after treatment. ·RESULTS:After treatment,the absorption of leakage by fundus fluorescein angiography was faster in the treatment group than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The visual acuity in both groups were significantly improved (P<0.01);However,the visual acuity in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01). The number of laser treatment was in the treatment group less than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The treatment group were cured in a short time group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The therapeutic effect of the two groups had a significant difference (P<0.05);the recurrence rate in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). ·CONCLUSION:It is effective to treat CSC (leakage zone:extrafoveal≥ 250μm) by Jolethin combined with argon laser.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the influences of different incision methods——manual small-incision cataract surgery(manual SICS)and phacoemulsification on corneal sensation and tear secretion.·METHODS:This was a prospective randomized study involved 60 cases with age-related cataract(ARC)undergoing manual SICS or phacoemulsification.Corneal sensitivity was assessed preoperatively and at postoperative day 1,week 1,month 1,3 using the HANDAYA(Japan) esthesiometer at five locations:centrally,superiorly,inferiorly,nasally and temporally(all sensitivity data were transformed in nylon thread lengths).Schirmer test results were evaluated preoperatively and at postoperative day 1,week 1,month 1 and 3 with Schirmer test trips(Tianjin Jinming).·RESULTS:The corneal sensation reduced greatly at 1 day postoperatively in both groups.In the group undergoing manual SICS,corneal sensitivity decreased obviously at the temporal and central site,reduced by 26%,24% respectively,and 19%,14%,14% on the superior,nasal,inferior site. At 3 month postoperatively,corneal sensitivity recoverd to presurgery level at the surperior,inferior,nasal site. In the group undergoing phacoemulsification,corneal sensitivity decreased sharply at surperior site,reduced by 47%.Coneal sensitivity on every site recovered at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. Except inferior site,at 3 month postoperatively corneal sensitivity on the other sites didn’t recover to presurgery level.Tear production significantly increased on the first day in both groups,decreased gradually at 1 week postoperatively,and at 3 month postoperatively tear production was less than preoperatively.·CONCLUSION:Compared with phacoemulsification,manual SICS has less influence on corneal sensitivity,and recover quickly after surgery. Patient’s tear secretion function has been effected after two kinds of surgery,but recover rapidly after surgery.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate development of the ocular optical components and refractive error in premature infants and full term infants.·METHODS:Anterior chamber depth,lens thickness,and posterior segment length were measured by A-scan ultra-sonography in 218 premature infants and 76 full term infants 1,4,8,12 months after birth. The spherical equivalent refractive error was measured by cycloplegic retinoscopy 8,12 months after birth. ·RESULTS:Anterior chamber depth,posterior segment length and axial length were growing while the lens thickness decreasing with age;Anterior chamber depth,posterior segment length and axial length in premature infants were smaller than that of the full term infants at early age after birth; Posterior segment length and axial length showed greater increase in premature infants than full term infants; but no difference between the anterior chamber depth and the thickness of the lens. ·CONCLUSION:Optical components are immature at early age after birth but grow more rapidly with age in premature infants than that in full term infants,which contribute to the emmetropization development.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the relationship between the change of corneal biomechanical parameters and corneal topography after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). ·METHODS:Sixty-nine patients 136 eyes after LASIK surgery were included in this study. Ocular response analyszer (ORA) was used to measure corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF); Pentacam were used to measure the corneal topography before and one month after LASIK. The changes of ΔCH and ΔCRF,central corneal thickness (ΔCCT),ΔCCT2mm,ΔCCT4mm,ΔCCT6mm,corneal volume (ΔCV),radius of curvature of the anterior and posterior corneal surface (ΔRa and ΔRp) were calculated. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to study the relationship between ΔCH and ΔCRF with corneal topography index. ·RESULTS:The CH and CRF were decreased significantly from 9.99±1.38mmHg and 9.96±1.30mmHg to 7.90±1.16mmHg and 6.49±1.28mmHg (P<0.05). No statistically significantly difference was found in both ΔCH and ΔCRF with ΔRp and ΔCCT6mm(P>0.05). The positive correlation between ΔCH and ΔCCT(r:0.513),ΔCCT2mm(r:0.397),ΔCCT4mm(r:0.329) and ΔCV(r:0.314) were significant(P<0.005). The positive correlation between ΔCRF and ΔCCT(r:0.616),ΔCCT2mm(r:0.504),ΔCCT4mm(r:0.484) and ΔCV(r:0.466) were significant(P<0.01). The negative correlation between ΔCRF and ΔRa(r:-0.374) was significant(P<0.01). ·CONCLUSION:Changes in CH and CRF after LASIK suggest that alteration in corneal biomechanics is correlated with CCT and CV. The CRF parameter may be more useful than the CH parameter in assessing biomechanical changes resulting from LASIK.

Abstract:It has long been focused on repair of central nervous system after injury in area of biomedicine. However,most of these studies are in limited research institutions. In this review,we summarize recent progress of these institutions

Abstract:In primary angle-closure glaucoma,the iris is pushed or pulled up against the trabecular meshwork at the angle of the ocular anterior chamber. Aqueous humor is blocked and cannot drain out,thereby increasing the IOP. After the angle closes,changes will happen to the trabecular cells morphologically and physiologically. Studies show that IOP will decrease for some degree after phacoemulsification plus intraocular lens implantation and combined with goniosynechialysis for primary angle-closure glaucoma.It is suggested that the function of trabecular cells can restore partially when the angle reopened. However its specific mechanism need further research and discussion.

Abstract:Glaucoma is a leading cause of adult blindness. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is one kind of glaucoma with quite slow development and without apparent symptom. It is difficult to find and diagnose POAG earlier,and so many patients have had serious disability in vision when they go to see a doctor. Recently,the incidence of POAG has increased to a certain degree. Early diagnosis of POAG is critical to postpone or prevent progressive injuries of visual function. On the basis of the recent studies,there is a review about early diagnosis of POAG.

Abstract:Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the major cause of blindness in retinal diseases worldwide. Integrin α5β1 plays an important role in CNV pathogenesis. This article presents a review in the structure,mechanism of function,expression of retinal cells as well as the application of integrin α5β1 inhibitors in CNV treatment.

Abstract:Treatment of refractive errors by surgery is a hot topic. People do not know whether ocular refractive surgery have long-term safety. Recently,with the improvement of surgical techniques and intraocular lens materials,intraocular refractive surgery for high myopia have made great progress,which has been as an alternative treatment for correcting ametropia. Clinical studies have shown that intraocular refractive surgery have a bright future. Intraocular lens plays a very important role in the treatment of intraocular refractive surgery. This paper reviewed the surgical indications and complications of recent intraocular refractive surgeries.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the clinical epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy and its early intervention in economic and technological development zone of Qingdao.·METHODS:Totally 600 patients with diabetes underwent free screening and the examination of ophthalmic fundus in community. The early intervention and treatment were performed for diagnosed diabetic retinopathy patients.·RESULTS:Totally 600 patients with diabetes underwent eye examinations,and the detection rate of diabetic retinopathy was in 17.8%(107 cases);And diagnosed 107 patients were performed the fundus fluorescein angiography,including 79 patients with non-proliferative lesions(73.8%) and 28 patients with proliferative lesions,(26.2%).The duration time,glycemic control,blood pressure,blood lipids,diabetes,kidney disease related factors were analyzed. Diabetic retinopathy patients,duration time below 10 years were in 12 cases,accounting for 11.2% and above 10 years in 95 cases,accounting for 88.8%; with hypertension were in 75 cases,accounting for 70.1%; combined hyperlipidemia in 66 cases,accounting for 61.7%; diabetic nephropathy in 37 cases,accounting for 34.5%.·CONCLUSION:The long duration time,fasting hyperglycemia,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy are main high-risk factors of retinopathy,and close monitor and regular fundus examination are key factors for prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the clinical epidemiological characteristics and development features of ocular trauma patients in Quanzhou area. ·METHODS:A retrospective study of 2316 cases 2912 eyes with ocular trauma in hospital from June 2005 to June 2010 was collected and analyzed. ·RESULTS:Totally 2316 hospitalized cases of ocular trauma was analyzed. The ratio of gender (male/female)was 4.1:1,and there was no significant difference between right and left eyes. Age of the patients with ocular trauma was ranged mainly from 16 to 45 years old. The top two occupation were workers and farmers,followed by students and preschool children. The main types of ocular trauma in turn were open globe injuries(48.49%),ocular contusion (36.33%),ocular adnexa injuries(10.61%),thermal burn (3.02%),and chemical burn (1.55%). The reasons of ocular injury in turn were indiscreet work,accident falling or sport,disputed bust-up and so on. The ratio of blindness after treatment was 53.03%,and the ratio of enucleation of eyeball was 1.47%. ·CONCLUSION:The incidence of ocular trauma are related to various factors.

Abstract:AIM:To understand the construction condition of ophthalmopathy of pepole aged above 50 years,and to explore the main factors and the effective measures for the vision impact in the rural population of Xi’an area.·METHODS:According to statistical classification of diseases,1238 cases aged above the 50 years underwent the routine ocular examination from July 2009 to May 2010 in the rural population of Xi’an.The visual acuity,slit-lamp,intraocular pressure,computer optometry and ophthalmoscope were observed. ·RESULTS:Of all volunteers,the cataract were in 481 cases (38.85%),the refractive error in 347 cases (28.03%),fundus disease in 58 cases (4.68%),pterygium in 30 cases (2.42% ),glaucoma in 17 cases (1.37%),keratitis in 15 cases (1.21%),others in 27 cases (2.18%),and the healthy people were 263 cases (21.24%). ·CONCLUSION:Cataract,refractive error and fundus disease are the mainly common ophthalmopathy in rural elder people. Primary practice,ophthalmopathy extensive survey,and hygiene education are very important measures to reduce avoidable blindness.

Abstract:The application of problem-based learning(PBL) combined with Seminar in the clinical teaching of ophthalmology has obvious advantages in stimulating student’s subjective positivity,independent ability of study and development of lifelong habits of self-directed learning. Simultaneously,the quality of clinical teaching has also been improved.

Abstract:In order to make our medical graduate students fit for different needs from different levels,we should pay attention to the cultivation of medical graduate students’ quality in all aspects under the condition that the number of them is extending constantly. Medical graduate students should not only understand their major diagnosis and cure treatments,but also have precise attitude of science and practicable spirit of creation. It require that our society pay attention to building the medical graduate students’ moral sense,spirit,psychology,practice abilities and all-around knowledge system. So we may cultivate eligible and advanced talents in medicine to meet the demands of social medical study and the needs of patients. Combining our experience in ophthalmologic education,we preliminarily discuss the comprehensive quality in ophthalmology graduate students.

Abstract:AIM:To study the changes anterior chamber angle(ACA),corneal thickness and depth of anterior chamber after phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens(IOL) implantation by ultrasound biomicroscopy. ·METHODS:Small-incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation were performed in 20 eyes of 20 senior patients,and the changes of corneal thickness,ACA and anterior chamber depth were determined quantitatively by ultrasound biomicroscopy before and one week after the surgery. ·RESULTS:In all patients,the anterior chamber angle was widened significantly at one week after surgery.The measurements of AOD500(angle-opening distance at 500μm from the scleral spur) and ACA increased significantly after the operation.The mean post/operative corneal thickness was significant increased. A significant negative correlation existed between preoperative and postoperative data(P<0.01). ·CONCLUSION:Small-incision cataract surgery increases the thickness of corneal,deepens the anterior chamber and widens the ACA in senior patients.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the clinical effect of the Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation for treetment of refractory glaucoma. ·METHODS:Totally 18 patients with refractory glaucoma underwent glaucoma surgery using Ahmed glaucoma valve.The changes of intraocular pressure,the vision and postoperative complications were observed. Follow-up time was from 3 to 12 months.·RESULTS:At the postoperative month 1,the intraocular pressure was changed from 51.53±6.57mmHg to 16.82±5.63mmHg,and the successful rate was 95%; at the postoperative month 3,the intraocular pressure was changed from 51.53±6.57mmHg to 17.14±6.38mmHg,and the successful rate was 89%; for those eyes with the follow-up ≥12 months(n=15),the intraocular pressure was changed from 50.36±7.92mmHg to 18.35±7.24mmHg,and the successful rate was 73%.·CONCLUSION:The glaucoma surgery using Ahmed glaucoma valve is an effective method for refractory glaucoma,and this is a simple operation,rapid recovery,fewer complications,better intraocular pressure and vision.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of reoperation for encapsulated cystic blebs after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. ·METHODS:The series cases of 7 eyes 7 patients with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by proliferation around Ahmed value were retrospectively studied. The IOP increased at 1 month to half a year,2 months in average. Secondary surgery preoperative examination:the elevation could not be controled by medicine,the plate and valve tube position was normal,the orifice was smooth without stemming,localized encapsulated cystic blebs were found in the equator of eyeball in which the plate was located. All patients underwent encapsulated cysts resection combined with mitomycin-C under conjunctival flaps. The changes of IOP and the outcome of the diseases were observed. ·RESULTS:At 1 month after surgery,all patient’s IOP were in the normal range,and the surgery success ratio was 100%;at 6 months after the surgery,2 patient’s IOP kept the normal level (15.00mmHg) without any anti-glaucoma medications.The normal IOP level were in 3 cases by using 2 or 3 different kinds of anti-glaucoma medications,and surgery success rate was 71% (5/7). IOP beyond control were in 2 cases,and further surgical treatment was necessary.·CONCLUSION:It is considered an effective method of surgical treatment for encapsulated cystic blebs around Ahmed value.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the clinical efficacy of modern closed vitrectomy combined with C3F8 mixed gas or silicone oil injection for retinal detachment with macular hole from the January 2007 to October 2009. ·METHODS:Patients with retinal detachment with macular hole underwent modern closed vitrectomy combined with silicone oil injection.The visual acuity,intraocular pressure and closure situation of macular hole were observed postoperatively. ·RESULTS:The closure situation of macular hole:all cases of macular hole were closed with the fine retinal reattachment; After following-up for 4 months,none of cases required reoperation. After follow-up of 4 to 12 months,patient with progression of cataract was not found. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure:postoperatively the improvement of visual acuity (above 2 lines) were in 6 eyes (32%),unchanged in 13 eyes (68%),descent (above 2 lines) in 0 eye. At 1 month after operation,only 1 case (5%) presented the rising of intraocular pressure,while topical intraocular pressure reduced to normal after treatment. ·CONCLUSION:The modern closed vitrectomy combined with C3F8 mixed gas or silicone oil injection has a good therapeutic effect for retinal detachment with macular hole.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the clinical effect of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined triamcinolone acetonide (TA) intravitreal injection for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).·METHODS:The study included 90 patients with PDR was who underwent PPV:TA group included 50 eyes,control group included 48 eyes. The visual acuity,inflammation,intraocular pressure and fundus were evaluated after surgery.·RESULTS:In the postoperative month 6,the inflammation reaction of anterior chamber and macular edema in TA group was less than that in control group (P<0.05).But the corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure showed no shown statistical significance.·CONCLUSION:PPV combined TA intravitreal injection for PDR is useful to reduce postoperative intraocular inflammation and macular edema.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the clinical application of improved 23-gauge vitrectomy system in the treatment of vitreoretinopathy disease and evaluate its efficacy and safety.·METHODS:A retrospective study of 112 cases(112 eyes) who received improved 23-gauge vitrectomy from August 2009 to February 2010 was retrospectively studied. The diseases included rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(53 cases),tractional retinal detachment(59 cases).The main observation were the surgical effects and complications.The follow-up time was from 1 month to 12 months.·RESULTS:All cases were successfully completed without significant complications.The best-corrected visual acuity was improved in different degree.·CONCLUSION:Improved 23-gauge vitrectomy system with better curative effect,faster postoperative recovery and few complications is an effective and safe surgical technique for all vitreoretinopathy diseases.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the change trends of the factor related to the patients with suppurative endophthalmitis in our hospital in recent 10 years and to provide useful information and basis to the prevention and treatment of suppurative endophthalmitis in future. ·METHODS:Totally 357 cases 357 eyes were retrospectively analyed from January 1999 to January 2009 in our hospital. We comparatively analyed the related factor of age,occupation and cause of disease of 357 cases 357 eyes with suppurative endophthalmitis in forward 5 years (January 1999-January 2004)and backward 5 years (February 2004-January 2009)of the recent 10 years. ·RESULTS:Children and middle-aged people constituted the main disease population in recent 10 years,the proportion was 43.7%,34.1% and 35.1%,42.8%,but the proportion of children(43.7%,35.1%)and young people (19.8%,10.8%) were declined markedly(P<0.05),while the proportion of old people(2.4%,11.3%) was increased markedly(P<0.05). Occupational structure that mainly comprehended farmers and students were not changed. The proportion was 41.3%,39.7% and 44.6%,35.5%;the cause of disease had no significant changes,the proportion of the ocular trauma that was the main cause of disease was 88.9% and 87.5%,and in the ocular trauma the proportion of syringe injuries (16.7%,9.1%) was significantly decreased (P<0.05),while the proportion of wire and scissors injuries(21.4%,31.6%) was significantly increased (P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:The children and middle-aged constitute the main disease population in recent 10 years,the proportion of children and young people is on a downward trend,while that of old people is on an upward trend; occupational structure that mainly comprehended farmers and students are not changed; the ocular trauma is the main cause of disease,in which the proportion of syringe injuries is on a downward trend,while the proportion of wire,scissors injuries on an upward trend.

Abstract:AIM:To observe therapeutic effects of excision of pterygium with the amniotic membrane transplantation and the auto-corneal limbus stem cell transplantation.·METHODS:A total of 82 patients 85 eyes which underwent excision of pterygium were randomly divided into 2 groups:Group A (40 eyes),amniotic membrane transplantation group; Group B (45 eyes),auto-corneal limbus stem cell transplantation group.·RESULTS:Followed up for 9 to 32 months after operation,2 cases recurred in group A and the recurrence rate was 5%,while the cure rate was 100% in group B. recurrence rate was not statistically different between the two groups.·CONCLUSION:Both methods have achieved good effect for pterygium,and pterygium excision with auto-corneal limbal stem cell transplantation has a better effect.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the clinical effect of autologus limbal stem cell transplantation combined with mitomycin C in the recurrent pterygium.·METHODS:Totally 68 cases 79 eyes of recurrent pterygium were performed autologus limbal stem cell transplantation combined with mitomycin C.Following up time was 6 months.·RESULTS:The pterygium recurred in 1 case.Other cases had the stable ocular surface and no new vessels formation.·CONCLUSION:The recurrent pterygium excision with limbal stem cell transplantation combined with mitomycin C is very effective.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of three methods for eyelid xanthelasma.·METHODS:Totally 66 cases 132 eyes of eyelid xanthelasma were equally divided into 3 groups by different treatment methods:group A (n=22) was treated with heparin sodium; group B (n=22) was treated with conventional surgery; group C (n=22) was treated with comprehensive therapy (invasive drug and lipid-lowering).·RESULTS:The total effective rate was significantly better in group C than that in group A and group B. There was no significant difference in adverse effect among the three groups.·CONCLUSION:The comprehensive therapy including invasive drugs and oral lipid-lowering drugs is a safe and effective,convenient and low recurrence rate method for eyelid xanthelasma,which is worth promoting.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the relationship among blood pressure,proteinuria,edema and fundus changes of the patients with pregnancy hypertension syndrome(PIHS).·METHODS:We carried a retrospective analysis of the relationship among blood pressure,proteinuria,edema and fundus changes.The fundus was examined by the direct ophthalmoscope.·RESULTS:Fundus was normal in 112 patients (32.0% )and retinopathy was in 238 patients(68.0%).In the four degrees of PIHS patieints (gestational hypertension group,slight pre-eclampsia group,severe pre-eclampsia group and eclampsia group),the incident rates of fundus changes were 52.5%,60.0%,70.3% and 100% respectively,and there was great significant difference among four groups.·CONCLUSION:Fundus change is related to the elevation of blood pressure.Fundus changes are more serious,incidence of proteinuria and edema become more higher.So fundus change is an important sign to reflect lesion of organs.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) combined with nature tears II in the treatment of dry eye. ·METHODS:Totally 134 patients with dry eye were randomly divided into experiment group(69 eyes) treated by basic fibroblast growth factor combined with nature tears II and control group(65 eyes)treated by nature tears II with four times every day. The Schimer Ⅰ test(SⅠt),tear film break up time(BUT)were compared with before and one month later in both groups. The results were analysed statistically. ·RESULTS:There were significant difference in SⅠt and BUT one month after treatment in both groups (P<0.01) whereas no difference before the treatment(P>0.05).There were significant difference in SⅠt and BUT in experiment group before and one month later (P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:bFGF combined with nature tears II is an effective method for dry eye.

Abstract:AIM:To study the change of corneal astigmatism induced by a superior incision in manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS). ·METHODS:Totally 57 patients 86 eyes were randomly divided into two groups depending on preexisting astigmatism. 42 eyes in group A underwent MSICS and 44 eyes in group B underwent phacoemulsification(Phaco). The surgically induced astigmatism(SIA) were measured by corneal topography preoperatively and 1 month,3 months postoperatively. ·RESULTS:The mean SIA was higher in the MSICS group than that in the Phaco group 1 month after surgery and there were statistical differences between these two groups(P<0.05). The mean SIA was still a little higher in the MSICS group than that in the Phaco group 3 months after surgery but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). ·CONCLUSION:The MSICS induced a slightly higher degree of SIA than Phaco,however there is no significant difference in the mean SIA at postoperative month 3. Both groups tend to stabilization of refraction 3 months after surgery.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the clinical curative effect of compreherisive treatment for children’s anisometropic amblyopia.·METHODS:Totally 48 children of anisometropic amblyopia from January 2005 to January 2010 were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group had 24 cases,which were treated with compreherisive therapy. The control group had 24 cases,which were treated with correction of refractive errors and occlusion therapy. The recovery of the vision and the stereoscopic vision were observed.·RESULTS:The curative effect were compared between the experimental group and the control group,and the difference had statistical significance(P=0.007);compared with the control group,the effect aprearance time was significant reduced in the experimental group (P=0.005);the recovery situation of the stereoscopic vision was compared between these both groups,and the difference had statistical significance(P=0.022).·CONCLUSION:The clinical curative effect of comprehensive treatment on anisometropic amblyopia of children is affirmative,and the curative effect appearance is short with better recovery of the stereoscopic vision.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the role of binocular single vision training in consolidating treatment of amblyopia. ·METHODS:The children with refractive amblyopia were collected in Optical Center of Shenyang Aier Hospital. All the patients were cured by the combined therapy and they entered a consolidation of basic stage for amblyopia. The children of amblyopia were randomly divided into 2 groups:50 children received conventional consolidation treatment of amblyopia (control group); the treatment group underwent conventional treatment combined with the consolidation of binocular vision training (including simultaneous perception,fusion,three-dimensional function) (n=50). The following up time was three-year in all children.·RESULTS:Nine children in the control group showed reduced visual acuity,the other 41 children had stable vision.The children in the treatment group had stable vision without regression.·CONCLUSION:Binocular single vision training plays an important role in the consolidating treatment of amblyopia.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze and reveal the reseaching hot topics of diabetic retinopathy (DR),the trend of published DR related articles and focal points between different countries and agencies in the world. ·METHODS:This study analyzed the number and trend of PubMed database adopted DR related articles between 1990-2010 by quantitative analysis. SPSS statistical software was used to cluster high frequency hot topics of published articles,and clustering relationship picture was drawn. ·RESULTS:Totally 11909 DR related articles were retrived,and there were 50 high frequency hot topics. Hot topics were clustered into 10 categories. ·CONCLUSION:International DR related researching hot topics are mainly in the medicine therapy,complications and causation related epidemiological study. This study results provide important references for domestic scholars in DR correlated scientific study and clinic therapy.

Abstract:AIM:To approach the clinical efficacy of dacryocystorhinostomy combined with intubation of lacrimal ducts for chronic dacryocystitis combined with obstruction of lacrimal ducts.·METHODS:Totally 54 patients 54 eyes with chronic dacryocystitis and obstruction of lacrimal ducts underwent epidural anesthesia catheter intubation (intubation area:inferior lacrimal point,inferior lacrimal ducts,anastomotic stoma and middle nasal meatus). ·RESULTS:All patients underwent the extubation of lacrimal and catheters irrigation,the patency rate was 100%. Total effective rate was 96% at 1 year after operation. ·CONCLUSION:Dacryocystorhinostomy combined with intubation of lacrimal ducts is a effective method for chronic dacryocystitis combined with obstruction of lacrimal ducts,which has simple operative procedure,high success rate,and easy to prehension and generalization.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the theraeutpic effect of autologous lamellar corneoscleral transposition for corneal perforation.·METHODS:Totally 6 patients with corneal perforation underwent autologous lamellar corneoscleral transposition.The survival condition of transplant,anterior chamber,intraocular pressure,vision were observed postoperatively.·RESULTS:Survival corneoscleral transplant were in 5 eyes at 6 months after surgery,and low intraocular pressure and eyeball atrophy were in 1 eye.·CONCLUSION:Autologous lamellar corneoscleral transposition is a good method to treat corneal perforation.

Abstract:AIM:To emphasize the importance of mixed eye drops (antibiotics and hormones),and to reduce the incidence of after-cataract. ·METHODS:Totally 118 patients 118 eyes underwent extracapsular cataract extraction,and divided into two groups randomly:ofloxacin eye drops and subconjunctiva injection with dexamethasone 2.5mg postoperatively(54 eyes,group A)and diclofenac sodium eye drops and tobramycin+dexamethasone eyedrops postoperatively (64 eyes,group B). This study was observed by the same doctor with the same supplies.The patients were followed up for 3 to 16months.·RESULTS:The incidence of after-cataract was 24% in group A,and 6% in group B,most of which occurred within 2 months postoperatively. ·CONCLUSION:The local application of antibiotics and hormones eye drops regularly can reduce the incidence of after-cataract postoperatively.

Abstract:AIM:To retrospective analysis the clinical effect of small-incision non-phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in hard nuclear cataract.·METHODS:A total of 205 cases 235 eyes of hard nuclear cataract over IV which underwent small-incision non-phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation were retrospectively studied.·RESULTS:The uncorrected visual acuity was more than 0.5 in 156 eyes(66.4%)in postoperative day 1,and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) more than 0.5 was in 200 eyes (85.1%) in postoperative month 1. All the patients were relieved from blindness and 225 eyes (95.7%) were relieved from disable.·CONCLUSlON:Small-incision non-phacoemulsification combined with intraocular Iens implantation have some advantages such as fast wound heal,mild surgery reaction,good vision recovery,few complications and good patients’ satisfaction.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the safety and feasibility of cataract surgery in primary hospital. ·METHODS:Totally 1902 patients 2084 eyes underwent cataract surgery from the October,2006 to October,2009.·RESULTS:In the postoperative day 1,naked vision ≥ 0.3 was in 90.63%,≥ 0.6 in 74.22%,and ≥ 0.8 in 12.20%.The visual acuity recovered from blindness and disability were positively correlated with the age. ·CONCLUSION:The cataract surgery in primary hospital is one of the effective paths to reduce the large number of cataract problems,and its has a good clinical effect.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the effects and complications of small incision extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation or phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation for the diabetic cataract.·METHODS:Totally 52 patients 60 eyes were diagnosed with diabetic cataract from January 2006 to January 2010. Phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation:Ⅱ~Ⅲgrade nuclear were in 47 eyes,Small incision extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation:Ⅳ~Ⅴgrade nuclear were in 13 eyes.·RESULTS:The visual acuity improved were in 52 cases 60 eyes;and uncorrected visual acuity ≥ 0.4 were in 50 eyes (83%) at 1wk postoperatively. After treatment,intraoperative and postoperative complications had no effect on visual acuity.·CONCLUSION:The appropriate surgery procedure such as small incision extracapsular cataract or phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation has the positive effect for patients with diabetic cataract.

Abstract:AM:To study the effect of latanoprost on intraocular pressure,central corneal thickness and endothelial cell density of angle-closure glaucoma. ·METHODS:Totally 60 patients 60 eyes with angle-closure glaucoma were divided into 2 groups randomly. The first group was latanoprost group,the second group was sodium hyaluronate group. Intraocular pressure,central corneal thickness and endothelial cell density were examined before and 1 week,2 weeks,3 weeks,4 weeks after treatment in both groups.·RESULTS:The intraocular pressure was markedly decreased in the latanoprost group. As for central corneal thickness and endothelial cell density,there were no significant differences between the two groups. ·CONCLUSION:Latanoprost is effective in reducing intraocular pressure of angle-closure glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the clinical effects and opportunity of anterior chamber penetration for treating the sudden attack of acute angle-closure glaucoma. ·METHODS:Anterior chamber penetration by using 15° acupuncture knife was performed on thirty patients with the sudden attack of acute angle-closure glaucoma after topical anaesthetic. The mean intraocular pressure(IOP) was over 60mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg) before the penetration.·RESULTS:The mean postoperative IOP was 16mmHg as soon as the penetration was finished and the visual acuity was improved in all patients,of which above 0.3 were in 12 eyes,0.1-0.3 in 10 eyes,below 0.1 in 8 eyes.The IOP was increased again after 5-8 hours in 3 eyes.None of the patients felt painful during the operation and no complications occurred. ·CONCLUSION:Anterior chamber penetration using acupuncture knife is one kind of effective,safe and simple method for treating the sudden attack of acute angle-closure glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the etiopathogenisis and therapeutic conditions of glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma,and discover it earlier and treat it in time. ·METHODS:Retrospectively,10 cases 20 eyes with glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma from January 2008 to July 2010 in our hospital were analyzed.·RESULTS:According its etiopathogenisis,it concluded 5 cases 10 eyes(50%) of allergic conjunctivitis,2 cases 4 eyes (20%)of vernal conjunctivitis,3 cases 6 eyes(30%) of LASIK surgery. The majority of glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma was caused by allergic conjunctivitis. Follow-up time was from 3 weeks to 18 months. All patients had clinical manifestations of open angle glaucoma.·CONCLUSION:The pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma is complex,while adolescent can endure high intraocular pressure; misdiagnosis can induce serious visual function damage,prevention and early diagnosis is very important for retrieving vision.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the clinical efficacy of hexuemingmu tablet for retinal hemorrhage caused by retinal vein occlusion. ·METHODS:Totally 78 patients 82 eyes with retinal hemorrhage caused by retinal vein occlusion were randomly divided into two groups:the treatment group(38 cases,40 eyes) and the control group(40 cases,42 eyes).The treatment group was given hexuemingmu tablet,the control group was given VC,rutin and aspirin.All patients underwent the drug therapy for 2 periods.·RESULTS:Compared with the control group,retinal hemorrhage was obviously absorbed in the treatment group,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:Hexuemingmu tablet is an effective drug for retinal hemorrhage caused by retinal vein occlusion.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness,practicability and safty of using the syringe needles for skin test to outflow the subretinal fluid. ·METHODS:A syringe needle was used for skin test and punctured vertically into the sclera to outflow the subretinal fluid during the surgery.·RESULTS:Totally 41 patients were involved,and 39 patients were successfully outflowed the subretinal fluid for the first time. Two of the patients’ subretinal fluid couldn’t flow out frequently. The incision of sclerocentesis should be enlarged again. There were no severe complications during or after sugery.·CONCLUSION:Using a syringe needle for skin test is a simple and efficient method to outflow the subretinal fluid.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the clinical effect of dacryocystorhinostomy under nasal endoscopy combined with fixation with silver clamp and silicone tube implantation in treatment of chronical dacryocystitis.·METHODS:From October 2007 to October 2009,dacryocystorhinostomy under nasal endoscopy combined with fixation with silver clamp and silicone tube implantation was performed on 34 patients suffered from chronic dacryocystitis,the clinical effect was evaluated.·RESULTS:All patients were successfully operated with no complication,26 eyes were cured,6 eyes were improved and 2 eyes were invalid in 6 months.The total effective rate was as high as 94%. ·CONCLUSION:Dacryocystorhinostomy under nasal endoscopic with the advantages of definite effect,little pain,no scar,is worth of promotion.

Abstract:AIM:To study the surgical technique of nasal endoscopic in dacryocystitis patients of different ages. ·METHODS:According to the nasal cavity’s anatomical and physiological characteristics (lateral wall) in different ages,the operation time was reasonably controlled by different surgical incision,anesthesia,energy output of electric knife and the concentration of mitomycin C.·RESULTS:The operation was completed successfully,and the success rate was 99%.·CONCLUSION:The dacryocystitis patients of different ages have the different perception,such as expectations of surgery,fear of surgery,surgical compliance,the feeling electric shock,levels of pain tolerance and so on. The rational surgical techniques are key factors in completing the operation.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the effect of microscopic anastomosis for traumatic canalicular.·METHODS:Totally 87 patients with traumatic canalicular were found the nasal lacrimal duct stump under the microscope,and they underwent microscopic anastomosis surgery by epidural catheter. After that,epidural catheter tube were detained about 2-3 months and follow-up time were 3-24 months after operation.·RESULTS:Lacrimal patency without epiphora were occurred in 68 patients after extubation; unobstructed lacrimal irrigation with epiphora in 8 cases and stenosis in 6 cases. ·CONCLUSION:Microscopic anastomosis by the epidural catheter frame is an ideal method for traumatic canalicular.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the surgical treatment methods,principles and clinical results of eyeball rupture,and to provide its theoretical basis.·METHODS:Totally 21 patients 21 eyes with severe ocular rupture underwent microsurgical suture.·RESULTS:Followed up for 3 months to 2 years,twenty patients with ocular rupture had preserved eyeball and improved invision. Only 1 patient underwent enucleate surgery and gained normal eye shape in an other hospital.·CONCLUSION:Serious ocular rupture patients can retain the eyeball and restore some visual function by careful microsurgical repair,which should not be performed enucleate surgery easily.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze and evaluate diagnosis significance of spiral CT for blowout fracture of medial orbital wall.·METHODS:Totally 39 patients 40 eyes with blowout fracture of medial orbital wall were analyzed retrospectively,and underwent the spiral CT examination and multi-planar reconstruction (PMR). The CT signs were analyzed.·RESULTS:The direct signs of orbital wall fracture was discontinuity of orbital wall,crushing,depression and most of which merged with some indirect signs such as the medial rectus thickening,orbital product gas,antrum ethmoidale gas and so on.·CONCLUSION:Spiral CT can accurately present the position,extent and complications of orbital wall fracture,and has the important clinical significance.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the ratio of retinal degeneration by fundus examination before LASIK surgery,and to evaluate the clinical significance of pre-operative examination for prevention and treatment of postoperative complications.·METHODS:Totally 1128 patients with preoperative pupil dilation were examined and analyzed from January 2007 to January 2008. The risk of retinal degeneration,laser treatment and surgery condition were observed and compared in the low,middle and high myopic patients. All patients were followed up for 1 to 15 months.·RESULTS:Retinal degeneration with laser treatment were in 48 cases,and retinal dry hole in 20 cases. ·CONCLUSION:Retinal degeneration is the most common complication of myopic patients,if not treated in time,it can cause a series of after-effects including retinal detachment.It is very important to prevent complications by sieving before surgery.