Abstract:·AIM:To study the expressive variation of Nogo-A on rat retina in the process of chronic ocular hypertension.·METHODS:Thirty-six healthy adult male Wistars were randomly divided into control group(6 rats)and chronic hypertension group(30 rats).Chronic hypertension was created by cauterizing the superficial scleral veins.Immunohistochemistry technique was used to evaluate the expressive varieties of Nogo-A at different time points during the course of chronic ocular hypertension.·RESULTS:The success of the model was indicated by over 40% of increase in the IOP as compared with normal rats.Compared with control group,as time passed chronic hypertension group gradually had detectable morphology changes in the retina.At the 21st day of chronic ocular hypertension,retinas became thinner and the quantity of retinal ganglion cell(RGC)decreased(P<0.05).Assoicated with the morphological changes,the expression of Nogo-A was strongly increased(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:Myelin associated protein Nogo-A plays a part in the process of chronic ocular hypertension.·

Abstract:·AIM:To detect the effect of CTGF on the apoptosis in the diabetic retina with small interfering RNAs(siRNA)targeting with CTGF.·METHODS:A total of 60 rats were divided into six groups including control group,diabetic 4,8,12,16 weeks group,and interference group.Diabetic rats were induced by STZ intra-peritoneal.At 4,8,12,16 weeks after diabetic setting up,retinas were obtained from control,diabetic rats and diabetic animals treated by intravitreal injection of CTGFsiRNA to suppress the expression of CTGF mRNA.Retinal cells apoptosis was detected by Tunnel staining and mRNA expression of CTGF was analyzed by RT-PCR.·RESULTS:The levels of CTGF and the apoptosis in the retinas of diabetic rats were significantly higher than those in the controls.Apoptosis occurred at 4 weeks after a diabetic model setting up,became serious with the diabetes developing,while CTGF elevated at 8 weeks.The cell apoptosis counts increased to 25.8cells/mm2 at 24 weeks of diabetes.SiRNA-mediated inhibition of CTGF mRNA resulted in a significant decrease in apoptosis.Significant correlations were found between CTGF and apoptosis in the retina.·CONCLUSION:These results suggest that CTGF might be involved in retinal cells apoptosis which is a characteristic of early diabetic retina.siRNA targeting CTGF seems to have the advantage of ameliorating retinal cells lost.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of postoperative 90Sr β-irradiation for patients with pterygium and analyze the recurrence-related factors.·METHODS:Between May 2006 and September 2008,seventy-nine patients with 93 pterygium eyes were treated with surgery and postoperative 90Sr β-irradiation.After doing bare sclera technique of pterygium excision,postoperative 90Sr β-irradiation was carried out.A total dose of 2400 cGy dose was used in three fractions(800 cGy,each time,one week apart).At the cut off time(three months),the recurrence rate was calculated and compared between male and female,young(<40 years)and old(≥40 years),fresh and relapsing pterygium.·RESULTS:Recurrence of the pterygium treated with surgery and postoperative 90Sr β-irradiation was observed in 7 of 93(7.5%)cases.Recurrence-related factors analysis revealed that younger age(<40 years),relapse cases were risk factors for local recurrence.Complications noted were few:including moderate conjunctivitis,postoperative pain,photophobia and an increase in tear flow.However,no long-term serious side effects were observed in this study,such as scleral necrosis or radiation cataract.·CONCLUSION:Bare sclera technique of pterygium excision followed by fractioned 90Sr β-irradiation is a safe and effective therapy to prevent a relapse and can be performed without serious side effects.The study also showed several factors might influence the therapy efficacy,such as age and previous surgical treatment.·

Abstract:·AIM:To analyze the clinical manifestation of Alport syndrome,especially the ocular features.·METHODS:The physical,ophthalmologic and audiologic examination results of thirty two patients with Alport syndrome were analyzed retrospectively.·RESULTS:Thirty(93.7%)patients had some family history.All patients had renal disease:eighteen(56.3%)patients with chronic renal failure,four(12.5%)patients with renal insufficiency,and the other ten(31.3%)patients with hematuria.Twenty(62.5%)patients had sensorineural deafness.Thirteen(40.6%)patients had ocular deformity,five(15.6%)patients had typical ocular changes:three patients with anterior lenticonus,and two patients with macular flecks.·CONCLUSION:Ocular anomalies are not requisite for the diagnosis of Alport syndrome.But its typical ocular features should be recognized by the ophthalmologists which supports the diagnosis.·

Abstract:·A 20-year-old healthy lady was admitted for septic arthritis in the right knee.Two weeks after the onset of joint pain,she complained progressive blurring of vision in both eyes.Slit-lamp examination revealed evidence of inflammation in both anterior and posterior segments.There were multiple chorioretinal lesions on both fundi.Synovial fluid aspiration of the right knee and blood culture grew Staphylococcus aureus.She responded well to topical and systemic antibiotics.Her final visual acuity was 6/6 in both eyes.This case illustrates a rare presentation of bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent young patient presenting with a concurrent septic arthritis.Early diagnosis and a prompt management carry a favorable visual prognosis.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β2 on the proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells(HCEC)in vitro,and its cellular and molecular mechanisms.·METHODS:Synchronized HCEC,prepared from in vitro cultured HCEC line by serum-starvation,were treated with TGF-β2 at different concentration for different time duration,respectively.After HCEC treated with TGF-β2,the inhibitory effect of proliferation,phase status in cell cycle,and expression of p27kip1 and p21cip1 of HCEC was examined by methods of cell number counting,MTT staining,flow cytometry(FCM)and realtime PCR,respectively.·RESULTS:TGF-β2 at the concentration of 1-15μg/L had obvious inhibitory effects on HCEC proliferation in dose-and time-dependent manner,9μg/L was the peak concentration of TGF-β2 for inhibiting HCEC cell proliferation.After treated with 9μg/L TGF-β2,the population of HCEC in G1/G0 phase increased obviously in time-dependent manner.After HCEC treated with 9μg/L TGF-β2,the expression of p27kip1 increased obviously after 24 hours,and expression of p27kip1 and p21cip1 increased obviously 48 hours later in time-dependent manner.·CONCLUSION:TGF-β2 has obvious inhibitory effect on HCEC proliferation,and the inhibition is in dose-and time-dependent manner.The mechanism of TGF-β2 inhibition is most probably accomplished by inducing the in turn expression of p27kip1 and p21cip1 which keep HCEC rest on G1/G0 phase.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the ability of Thymosin β4(Tβ4)to promote healing in an alkali injury model in vivo and the mechanisms involved in that process which Tβ4 may be a potential anti-inflammation agent in this model.·METHODS:Corneas of the New-Zealand Rabbit were chemically burned with a 6mm disc soaked in 1mol/L NaOH for 30 seconds.Eyes were irrigated copiously with saline and then treated topically with PBS(Negative control group),rh-EGF(jinyinshu drop,Positive control group),and Tβ4(0.1,1,10μg/50μL)twice daily.At the time point of 1 day,3,7,14 days postburn,the healing rate of the cornea were examined and MMP-2,TIMP-2,VEGF immunostaining performed.·RESULTS:Tβ4-treated corneas demonstrated improved cornea healing rate of 33.8% vs PBS-treated corneas of 22.8%(P<0.01),1μg/50μL Tβ4 seemed to be the best dosage.Whereas immunohistochemistry result suggested that Tβ4 decreased corneal NF-κB expression(P<0.01)after alkali injury,no change in IL(interleukin)-1β was detected(P>0.05).The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)result suggested that there’s a significant decrease to the NF-κB protein levels(P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:Tβ4 treatment decreases corneal inflammation and inhibits the expression of NF-κB to improve cornea healing.The result have important clinical implications for the potential role of Tβ4 as a corneal anti-inflammatory agent.·

Abstract:·AIM:To probe the relationship between the apoptosis of diabetic rats’ retinal neurons and change of caspase-3 expression in early diabetic rats.·METHODS:Eighteen male 8-week-aged SD rats were injected with a single dose of streptozotocin(60mg/kg)to induce the diabetic model,and then they were divided into 3 groups at 4,8 and 12 weeks(each group,n=6).Another 18 male 8-week-aged SD rats were the normal control group,and were raised at the same time without any intervertion,also divided into 3 groups at 4,8 and 12 weeks(each group,n=6).Apoptosis of retinal neurons was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end label(TUNEL)assay.The protein expression of caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemistry.Caspase-3 mRNA levels were determined by SYBR Green Realtime PCR Master Mix.·RESULTS:There were no apoptosis neurons in control groups’ retina at 4,8,12 weeks.Apoptosis of the retinal neurons occurred 4 weeks after the onset of diabetes,and the apoptosis degrees were significantly higher than that of age-matched control groups at 8 and 12 weeks.The apoptosis of the retinal neurons located in the rentinal ganglion cells layer(GCL)and the inner nuclear layer(INL).Caspase-3 protein expression was not observed in the control rats’ retina at 4,8,12 weeks.Positive staining of caspase-3 occurred 4 weeks after the onset of diabetes,and enhanced at 8 and 12 weeks.In control rats at 4,8 and 12 weeks,caspase-3 mRNA levels were 1.6±0.6,1.5±0.5,1.6±0.3 respectively.Caspase-3 mRNA levels in diabetic rats that had diabetes for 4,8 and 12 weeks were 5.7±1.2,12.6±2.3,14.3±2.1 respectively,which were greater than that in the control groups(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:The apoptosis of the retinal neurons in diabetic rats may be related with the enhance of the caspase-3 expression.·

Abstract:·AIM:To study the protective effect of Ginaton and fleabane on retinal ganglion cells in rabbit chronic high intraocular pressure model.·METHODS:Chronic high intraocular pressure was created by injecting α-chymotrypsin(0.2mL)(2667.2μkat)into rabbit posterior chamber.Thirty-two rabbits of successful model were divided randomly into four groups,with 8 rabbits in each group,and then treated with different therapies as follows:intragastric administration with Ginaton 150mg/kg,once a day(Ginaton group);intragastric administration with fleabane 150mg/kg,once a day(fleabane group);intragastric administration with Ginaton and fleabane(combination therapy group)and control group.After 4 weeks of treatment,all groups were checked retinal ganglion cells apoptosis,normal ganglion cells counting,pathological changes of retinal layers with light microscopy.·RESULTS:Positive cells could be found in every group,the number of normal retinal ganglion cells was the largest in combination therapy group(889.00±40/mm2),the least in control group(581±24/mm2),P<0.01.In light microscopy,the worst arrangement of retinal layers was in control group,and the best was in combination therapy group.·CONCLUSION:Ginaton and fleabane could prevent high intraocular pressure caused apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells.·

Abstract:·AIM:To study the expression and distribution of MUC5AC,keratin 7,p63 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)of adult conjunctival epithelial cells to investigate the localization characteristics of adult conjunctival epithelial stem cells.·METHODS:Conjunctiva was collected from donor of corneal transplantation.HE immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the expression and distribution of MUC5AC,keratin 7,p63 and PCNA.·RESULTS:PCNA and p63 staining showed similar expression pattern,mainly in the deep layer nucleus of palpebral mucocutaneous junction and limbal region.Keratin 7 was positive expressed in the gland cells of lamina propria in the fornix region.MUC5AC was positive expressed in the cytoplasm of goblet cells in various parts of conjunctival epithelium.·CONCLUSION:Conjunctival stem cells with high capability of proliferation are mainly located in mucocutaneous junction area and limbus in adult.·

Abstract:·AIM:To compare the clinical effects of Acrysof ReSTOR multifocal intraocular lens(IOL)and the monofocal Acrysof Natural IOL implantation after phacoemulsification.·METHODS:Random clinical trial of 58 patients 66 eyes with age-related cataract were divided into two groups:ReSTOR group included 30 patients 36 eyes implanted with ReSTOR SA60D3 multifocal IOL(MIOL),and Natural group included 28 patients 30 eyes implanted with Natural SN60AT monofocal IOL.Measurements were taken after operation,including uncorrected distant visual acuity(UCDVA),uncorrected near visual acuity(UCNVA),best corrected distant visual acuity(BCDVA),best-corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA),distant corrected near visual acuity(DCNVA),intermediate vision(40,60,80cm)and visual symptoms.·RESULTS:There was no significant difference in UCDVA,BCDVA,BCNVA between 2 groups.UCNVA,DCNVA and intermediate vision(40,60,80cm)were significantly higher in the ReSTOR group(P<0.05).In ReSTOR group the UCDVA、UCNVA at 4 weeks were significantly better than that of 1 week.At the 12 weeks postoperatively,UCNVA was significantly better than intermediate vision(40cm)in ReSTOR group and no statistical difference was noted between the intermediate vision(40 vs 60cm,60 vs 80cm).Adverse symptoms such as glare and haloes were significantly more obvious in ReSTOR group than in Natural group(P<0.05).The rate of dependence on glasses in the ReSTOR group was significantly lower than that of Natural group(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:Acrysof ReSTOR multifocal IOL provide excellent full range of vision,effectively decrease the dependence of glasses,improve the visual quality after surgery.·

Abstract:·AIM:To explore the risk factors of early low vision after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantion in the elderly patients with cataract.·METHODS:A total of 278 cataract patients 310 eyes who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantion were retrospectively studied.The susceptible preoperative risk factors to early low vision before the surgery,during the surgery process and ocular situation after the surgery were evaluated.The risk factors were analyzed by statistical multivariables analysis to investigate the factors which affect the early low vision.·RESULTS:By univariate logistic regression analysis,it was indicated that nine factors were correlated with early low vision after surgery(P<0.05).By multi-variables logistic regression analysis,six factors were related to early low vision after surgery,including age(OR=1.637,95%CI:1.168-2.293),preoperative corrected visual acuity(OR=1.745,95%CI:1.169-2.605),glaucoma(OR=3.645,95%CI:1.537-8.645),ocular fundus abnormalities(OR=5.158,95%CI:2.787-9.546),time of phacoemulsification(OR=4.065,95%CI:2.264-7.298)and corneal edema after surgery(OR=1.045,95%CI:1.021-1.069).·CONCLUSION:Older,preoperative low corrected visual acuity,glaucoma,ocular fundus abnormalities,long time of phacoemulsification and corneal edema after surgery are risk factors affecting the early low vision after surgery.Ocular fundus abnormalities and long time of phacoemulsification are important risk factors.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe clinical effect and safety of manual small incision cataract surgery on cataract with high myopia.·METHODS:A total of 78 eyes of 61 patients received manual small incision cataract surgery with low-degree and large-diameter intraocular lens implantation.The postoperative visual acuity,refractive status,and surgical complications were observed.Patients were followed up 6 to 24 months after operation.·RESULTS:A total of 78 eyes were successfully implanted in intraocular lens.Their visual acuity improved to varied degrees.The best corrected visual acuity of 2 eyes were<0.1 at 3 months after operation,twenty-six eyes were between 0.1 and 0.4,fifty eyes were>0.4.The majority of patients remained a low degree of residual myopia refractive state.Twelve eyes suffered from posterior capsular opacification.Anterior capsule tear and posterior capsule rupture or other complications did not happen during surgery.There was no retinal detachment or cystoid macular edema.·CONCLUSION:Manual small incision cataract surgery with low-degree and large-diameter intraocular lens implantation has advantages such as good clinical effect,high operative security and fewer complications.In the regions where economic conditions are relatively backward,it is worthy of popularization.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate whether or not to combine peripheral iridotomy with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation to remedy patients with angle-closure glaucoma in the preclinical and presymptomatic phases.·METHODS:Forty patients 40 eyes with angle-closure glaucoma in the preclinical and presymptomatic phases were randomly divided into two groups:group A(phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation)and group B(phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation combined with peripheral iridotomy),to statistically analyze the postoperative corrected vision,intraocular pressure,anterior chamber depth,grading of the anterior chamber angle(scheie)of the two groups.·RESULTS:No severe complications occurred in two groups,hyphema occurred in one eye in the group B,and it recovered after symptomatic treatment.The two groups’ corrected vision were improved postoperatively compared with.preoperative.There was no significant diference in the postoperative corrected vision,intraocular pressure,anterior chamber depth,grading of the anterior chamber angle(scheie)between group A and group B.·CONCLUSION:The management of angle-closure glaucoma in the preclinical and presymptomatic phases by phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation can prevent its acute on set and improve the corrected vision.It’s not necessary to combine peripheral iridotomy with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens.·

Abstract:·AIM:To find a more rational surgical method of the sustained high intraocular pressure(SHIOP)of acute angle-closure glaucoma,a contrast study on selective peripheral iridectomy and trabeculectomy under the SHIOP was completed.·METHODS:A total of 54 patients(54 eyes)whose intraocular pressure(IOP)were still higher than 40mmHg after maximum dose of drug medicine were divided into 2 groups according to their duration of high intraocular pressure(DOHIOP):In Group A,all patients with first-episode,whose DOHIOP was no longer than 48 hours,peripheral iridectomy(20 eyes)was adopted;In Group B,the DOHIOP was longer than 48h,trabeculectomy(34 eyes)was implemented.·RESULTS:The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months(an average of 12.3 months)after operation.The success rate of operation was 85.0% after peripheral iridectomy and 82.4% after trabeculectomy(P>0.05);The postoperative IOP in the peripheral iridectomy group was 17.98±4.25mmHg,and 17.12±4.65mmHg in the trabeculectomy group(P>0.05).The postoperative visual acuity in Group A and in Group B was 0.51±0.09 and 0.3±0.07 respectively(P<0.05).The opening rate of chamber angle of Group A were higher than that of Group B(P<0.05);the pupils of 18 eyes in Group A(90%)were adjustable,while 13 eyes(38.2%)in Group B(P<0.01);compared with Group B,Group A had few postoperative complications,mild inflammation of anterior segment,no wound leakage,choroidal detachment or malignant glaucoma(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:Reasonable emergency surgical method for the SHIOP in the acute attack of acute angle-closure glaucoma:when the DOHIOP is no more than 48 hours,in the first attack,peripheral iridectomy should be selected,which is a fast,convenient,safe and effective operation with few complications,and is able to maintain better visual acuity and adjustable pupils;while more than once attack,and the DOHIOP is longer than 48 hours,trebculectomy with MMC and sclera lamella removable suture should be used to control the intraocular pressure and save the visual acuity.·

Abstract:·AIM:To measure disc-fovea angle(DFA)of normal Chinese people with optical coherence tomography(OCT,Carl Zeiss Meditec,Dublin,CA)and investigate the difference.·METHODS:A total of 396 eyes of 198 normal Chinese people were tested by OCT,images of fundus including fovea and disc were photoed,DFA was measured by using ImageJ software,and statistic analysis was done with SPSS software.·RESULTS:DFA of normal Chinese people was 0.56-14.29°,the average value was(7.35±2.15)°.There was no significant difference for DFA among three age groups.DFA of right eye and left eye was(7.43±2.46)° and(7.27±2.45)°respectively,there was no significant difference for DFA between right eye and left eye.DFA of male and female was(7.41±2.21)°and(7.28±2.10)°respectively.There was no significant difference for DFA between male and female.·CONCLUSION:Measurement of DFA by using OCT is a new method of observing the ocular torsion.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the changes of early retrospective clinical study between aspherical oblation excimer laser in situ keratomileusis(A-LASIK),the wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis(W-LASIK)and the standard laser in situ keratomileusis(S-LASIK)for treatment of myopia and provide the directions to selecte individuation surgery for the different diopters of spherical refractive,and to compare and analyze the safety and efficiency of A-LASIK,W-LASIKand W-LASIK for treatment of myopia.·METHODS:Two hundreds and sixty-eight eyes of 136 cases myopia were enrolled and presented into three groups according to their diopters of spherical refractive error(low:<-3.00D;middle:-3.00>-<-6.00D;high:-6.00>-<-9.00D).The cases in each group were subdivided into three groups again according to their surgery method:A-LASIK,W-LASIK and S-LASIK.Topography which visual acuity,diopter,offer Q value,high order aberration refraction,also postoperative glare were noted.The ablation zone was from 6.0 to 7.0mm.Wavefront aberrations were analyzed for 6.0mm pupil zone.Refraction were observed before and 1,3 and 6 months after surgery.To compare and analyze the changes and relationships of index.·RESULTS:At the 6 months after surgery,A-LASIK group and W-LASIK showed the better acception than S-LASIK group,difference was statistical significant(P<0.05).In middle group,the visual acuity of W-LASIK was better than the others,and the difference was statisticaly significant(P<0.05).In midlle group,the asphericity of A-LASIK group was the more decreased obviously than W-LASIK group and S-LASIK group,the coma was increased in W-LASIK and spherical aberration was decreased obviously in A-LASIK,and the difference was statisticaly significant(P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:A-LASIK,W-LASIK and S-LASIK are effective on correcting myopia and astigmatism safely and effectivly.A-LASIK and W-LASIK show the better acuity at night.A-LASIK can degrade the spherical aberration after surgery in low group and high group,especially in middle group.W-LASIK can elevate the acuity of vision postoperativly in middle group and decrease RMS of anterior corneal coma in middle group and high group markedly.It is a good choice to raise acuity by A-LASIK and W-LASIK.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the corneal surface regularity and symmetry after optimized refractive keratectomy-customized ablation(ORK)surgery for treatment of high myopia.·METHODS:Fifty patients 100 eyes with high myopia underwent optimized refractive keratectomy-customized ablation therapy,and for the same period 50 patients 100 eyes with high myopia were treated with conventional LASIK,the effect of two groups was observed,and the corneal topography changes,including corneal curvature,K1,K2,surface asymmetry index(SAI),surface regularity index(SRI)of the two groups after 6 months were observed with corneal topography.·RESULTS:Compared with that of preoperative,postoperative corneal curvature,K1,K2,decreased,SAI,SRI reduced(each P <0.05).The improvement of was SAI and SRI in ORK group after 6 months superior to that in the LASIK group(each P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:The cornea of the patients who underwent optimized refractive keratectomy-customized ablation therapy is more of regularity and symmetry than that of conventional LASIK patients after 6 months.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the relationship between the higher order aberrations and the diopter as well as contrast sensitivity in children with hyperopic amblyopia.·METHODS:Sixty-six cases of children with hyperopic amblyopia were dilated the pupils with atropine for seven days and a retinoscopy was executed for everyone.The wavefront analyzer was also used in the study;When the pupils regained the normal diameter 20 days later,the contrast sensitivity was measured by the CSV-1000 in a dark room.·RESULTS:The mean refractive states of the children were +2.60±1.76D(hyperopic diopter)and +1.15±0.98D(astigmatic diopter)with an axis of 82.83±27.93 by barred retinoscopy.While recorded by the wavefront aberrations they were +2.76±1.69D and +1.35±1.02D respectively with an axis of 85.37±30.72D.With the increase of the hyperopic diopter,the aberrations at all levels increased.The differences of RMS1,RMS5 and RMSh in the middle and low amblyopic group was as significant as the differences of RMS2,RMSg and C12 in the middle and low hyperopic group(P<0.01).The contrast sensitivity of the children decreased at all frequencies,especially at high frequency.The C8 and C12 at higher order aberrations had significant correlation with the contrast sensitivity at higher frequency.·CONCLUSION:The wavefront aberrations and contrast sensitivity can correctly evaluate refractive degree and visual quality in children with hyperopia and could be used as an objective measure.At the same time,they are useful in investigating the cause of amblyopia and effect of the therapy.·

Abstract:·Acanthamoeba keratitis is a sight-threatening infection,which is characterized by ring-like stromal infiltration and keratonueuritis.The pathophysiology cascade of this infection begins when the trophozoites bind to the corneal epithelium.Following processes include trophozoite-mediated cytopathic effects and the productions of several pathogenic proteases that degrade collagenous stroma.Because of the predilection of acanthamoeba for respond-ing chemotactically to nural cell,it can produce what appears to be keratoneuritis.However the pathophysio-logy of acanthamoeba keratitis is still unclear,targeting pathophysiology could lead to the development of the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.·

Abstract:·Optical coherence tomography(OCT)has been widely used in recent years in the diagnosis of many ocular disorders.Especially,OCT plays an unparallel role in assessing the foveal structure of various macular lesions.We reviewed OCT appearance in idiopathic macular hole,macular epiretinal membrane,central serous chorioretino-pathy,ocular edema,and age-related macular degene-ration.·

Abstract:·Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a diabetic microvascular disease affecting the eyes,which is a leading cause of blindness in adults under 75 years old.In recent years,regular screening for DR,blood glucose,blood pressure and blood lipid has contributed to lower incidence of blindness due to retinopathy.But still the pathogenesis of DR is unclear.At present,proteomics and related technologies provide a powerful tool to study the intrinsic pathophysiological mechanisms of DR at the molecular level.This technology can study an abundance of proteins at a time and identify the different expressed proteins.Comparative proteomics show that the DR is not activated by a single protein,but by a variety of proteins.At present,the functions of the identified proteins are not very clear,and there is a complex network between the various proteins.This article briefly reviews the recent progress of proteomics in DR.·

Abstract:·Retinal detachment is one of the important blinding diseases.The contact lens or noncontact lens were used in the vitreous surgery.Different fundus observation systems are reviewed in this article.·

Abstract:·Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is retinal vascular proliferative lesion occurred in prematurity and low birth weight infants.With the rising of the survival rate of premature children in recent years,the incidence of ROP has increased significantly.ROP treatment in the threshold or late threshold period is mainly the retinal laser and surgical treatment,while giving the body systemic hormone drugs.Due to the late timing of treatment,high surgical risks and many complications,the treatment effect is not ideal.To explore a simple,safe and effective treatment method has become the consensus of researchers in the early lesions stage.We reviewed the new progress on the current treatment of ROP.·

Abstract:·Retina and choroid neovascularization(NV)may induce vitreous hemorrhage,subretinal hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment and usually result in poor vision.It is often seen in the eyes with age-related macular degeneration(AMD),diabetic retinopathy(DR),retinal vein occlusions(RVO)and retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).At present,drugs of NV mainly target the different phases of the angiogenesis and suppress its growth.We discusse the present anti-neovascular drugs which are used on clinic or under the clinicaltrial.·

Abstract:·As the manganese has been applied continually in the imaging studies and experimental researches,its toxic injury has been a hotspot.Many studies have demon-strated that the damage of large accumulation of mangan-ese,as a body trace element,is expressed mainly in the nervous system.This article will summarize the papers concerned with the delivery method,body injury and neurotoxic mechanism of manganese,while man-ganese was applied as an image intensifier.·

Abstract:·Advances in research about traumatic optic neuropathy are reviewed from the following aspects:pathogenic mechanism of traumatic optic neuropathy;surgical treatment;non-surgical treatment.·

Abstract:·The literature data of recent years were collected,summarized,analyzed,and also the ocular surface change of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were reviewed.This review provides some theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes.·

Abstract:·Electrophysiological examination of amblyopia is a new technique in the study of amblyopia in recent years,which includes electroretinogram(ERG)and visual evoked potential(VEP).Clinical application of multifocal visual electrophysiology has an important clinical significance in the visual cortex,visual transduction and retinal function of amblyopia.Its development and application provide a new and strong basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia.The comprehen-sive overview was reviewed.·

Abstract:·Glutamate receptor can be divided into metabotropic receptor(mGluR)and ionotropic receptor(iGluR).The iGluR includes NMDA receptor and non-NMDA receptor.mGluR includes mGluR1 to mGluR8.They are mainly distributed in the central nervous system(CNS).They have an important role in synaptic plasticity,exitotoxicity of glutamate,protection and damage of neuron,long-term potentiation(LTP)and long-term depression(LTD),study and memory.The NMDA receptor is studied considerably in amblyopia.There are significant differences in quantity and activity between contrast group and amblyopia group.·

Abstract:·For pointing out the relevant research progress and scientific research direction of disease about ophthalmic immunology at the present stage,improving the direction of clinical treatment and scientific research,based on the latest research of ophthalmic immunology of the world,this paper analyzed the clinical manifestations,pathogenic factors,treatment methods and reaserch progress of uveitis,corneal,ocular surface diseases and Graves ophthalmopathy clearly.In view of a series of major achievements of ophthalmic immunology driven by cell culture techniques,DNA recombinant technology,molecular biology techniques,protein biochemistry technology,this paper pointed out that the approach to promote the development of ophthalmic immunology is using multi-center study ways to increase basic research and improve experimental methods.·

Abstract:·Reform of teaching methods is the fundament of improving teaching quality.Based on the actual situation of our college,we paid more attention to culturing the students’ interests,increasing students hands-on opp-ortunities,applying multimedia teaching so as to discuss how to practice teaching and studying in ophthalmology clinic probation.Thereby,we can upgrade teaching quality and train high quality talents for ophthalmology pro-fession.·

Abstract:·During ophthalmological clinical teaching,we paid great attention to medical record written by interns.With different measures applied in different parts of medical records,we tried to improve the interns’ communication skills and clinical thinking ability,intensify their basic clinical skills training,establish their dimensional thinking pattern.So as to improve their clinical comprehensive ability.·

Abstract:·AIM:To analyse and discuss the effect of cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation with small incision under topical anesthesia in poverty alleviation and cataract operations.·METHODS:A total of 183 cases 205 eyes with cataract were operated with cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation with small incision under topical anesthesia.Their pain during the surgery,complications and their vision after the operation were observed.·RESULTS:The patients didn’t feel painful during the operation and cooperated well.There were 189 eyes 92.2% with good eyeball fixations 16 eyes(7.8%)with occasionally little pain or foreign body sensation of bearable level to cooperate the operation favorably,or need topical anesthetic to finish the operation;The mean operation time was 22±7 minutes;and the incidence rates of complications during and after the operation were both low.On 1 day after operation,the naked vision was≤0.1 in 13 eyes(6.3%);0.12-0.3 in 47 eyes(22.9%);0.4-0.8 in 126 eyes(61.5%);≥0.8 in 19 eyes(9.3%).Rechecked in 1 week after the operation,the vision was≤0.1 in 4 eyes(2.0%);0.12-0.3 in 23 eyes(11.2%);0.4-0.8 in 145 eyes(70.7%);≥0.8 in 33 eyes(16.1%).·CONCLUSION:The cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation with small incision under superficial anesthesia can avoid homologous complications,reduce the operation time obviously and ensure better quality of operation.It’s suitable for large-scale cataract operation actions and primary hospital to carry out the prevention and treatment of blindness in people with cataract.·

Abstract:·AIM:To explore the application effect of small incision extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in Vision Recovered Action of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.·METHODS:Retrospective study was taken on 658 eyes of cataract patients in Vision Recover Action.·RESULTS:Among 658 eyes of cataract patients,the best-corrected vision in 258 eyes(39.2%)was over 0.5 within one week,586 eyes(89.0%)got out of disablement with the vision ≥0.3,648 eyes(98.5%)got out of blindness with the vision >0.05,and 643 eyes(97.7%)were implanted artificial lens.There were no serious complication in or after epenation.·CONCLUSION:Small incision extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation is an effective operation which can be applied in rural areas.It can ensure the goal of "large-scale,high-quality,low-cost" in Vision Recover Action.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the clinical effect and feasibility of biological amniotic membrane transplantation combined with remedial contact lens in corneal ulcer.·METHODS:Thirty-five eyes of 33 patients with corneal ulcer were cut the ulcer lesions firstly,then the biological amniotic membrane was applied to the ulcer area.The amniotic membrane was interruptedly sutured to the healthy cornea.On the second day of post-operation the patients wore remedial contact lens,and therapeutic eyedrops were used.·RESULTS:The anterior chamber of all the patients recovered in 1-2 days,and the local irritation improved obviously.The mean healing time was 30-45 days.5 cases occurred corneal neovascularization and cicatrization.The anterior chamber in 2 patients disappeared repeatedly and penetrated corneal transplantation was performed finally.The visual acuity of all patients improved after treatment.·CONCLUSION:Biological amniotic membrane trans-plantation combined with remedial contact lens are effective for corneal ulcer,and creat favourable local condition for later corneal transplantation.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate astigmatism correction of the AcrySof Toric intraocular lens(IOL)in cataract patients.·METHODS:Thirty-nine patients 45 eyes were implanted with the AcrySof Toric IOL by the same surgeon between June 2008 and January 2009.Three Toric models were evaluated in cylinder powers of 1.50 diopters(D)(SN60-T3;T3 group,n=11),2.25D(SN60-T4;T4 group,n=17),and 3.00 D(SN60-T5;T5 group,n=17)at the IOL plane.The patients were followed up for 6 months with pre-and postoperatively refractive assessments performed.·RESULTS:Six months postoperatively,the mean un-corrected visual acuity(UCVA)was 0.73±0.20 in the T3 group,0.92±0.16 in the T4 group,0.85±0.23 in the T5 group,respectively.Residual astigmatism was-0.52±0.22D.The mean IOL rotation was 3.5±2.1degrees,2.8±2.0 in the T3 group,3.0±2.2 in the T4 group,3.9±1.8 in the T5 group,respectively.·CONCLUSION:Implantation of the AcrySof Toric IOL proved to be successful in correcting corneal astigmatism in cataract patients.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the effect of Nd∶YAG laser for after cataract.·METHODS:A total of 723 cases 770 eyes of after cataract were treated by Nd∶YAG laser.Different patients were treated according to different conditions.·RESULTS:The success rate was 99.1%.The follow-up time was 4-12 months.The average visual acuity of all cases was improved from 0.22 to 0.50.The complications included the damage of lens in 86 eyes(11.2%),transient high intraocular pressure in 7 eyes(0.9%)and vitreous hernia in 2 eyes(0.3%).·CONCLUSION:Nd∶YAG laser is a safe and effective method for posterior capsulotomy.Different treatment according to different patients can improve effect and safety.·

Abstract:·AIM:To search for an effective technique to control the complications in phacoemulsification in eyes with posteri-or polar cataract.·METHODS:Twenty-seven cases(thirty-three eyes)with posterior polar cataract underwent phacoemulsifica-tion.Soft-shell technique was introduced to protect corneas and posterior capsule in the surgical procedure.Visual acuity(VA)and complications after operation were observed.Then the data were analyzed.·RESULTS:Twenty-eight eyes revealed intact posterior capsule,six of which revealed posterior capsule opacifi-cation.Five eyes developed posterior capsule rupture,however no vitreous prolapse.All eyes were implanted foldable intraocular lens in the capsular bags.The postoperative VA in all cases were improved without obvious complications.·CONCLUSION:The application of soft-shell technique in phacoemulsification is effective for improving VA,reduc-ing complications,and controlling surgical quality in cases with posterior polar cataract.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the clinic result of ciliary sulcus fixation of intraocular lens in capsular bag.·METHODS:Nineteen patients 19 eyes with partially dislocated lens and 4 patients 4 eyes with inadvertent damage and zonular mutilation to the posterior capsule during extracapsular cataract extraction or phacoemulsifi-cation underwent ciliary sulcus fixation of intraocular lens in capsular bag.·RESULTS:At both the 6-and 36-month follow-up visits,there was no increased risk of progression in the evalua-tion group.17 eyes had normal position,all cases were without suture brisement,ablating or postoperative capsular bag shrinkage.·CONCLUSION:The treatment of subluxation of lens,abnormal zonular and defective cataract by ciliary sulcus fixation of intraocular lens in capsular bag can ensure the success outcomes,with good clinical result and low expense,it can replace capsule tension ring.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the corneal endothelial cells morpho-logy after phacoemulsification,and find out the regularity of corneal endothelial cells morphologic change and some related influencing factors.·METHODS:Seventy-nine cases 91 eyes with age-related cataract were chosen in this research.The phacoemul-sification was performed through the clear cornea combined with the foldable intraocular lens implantation.The cell density(CD),coefficient of variation(CV)of the endothelial cells in the central and incision cornea were examined preoperatively and 3 days postoperatively.·RESULTS:The level of postoperative CD decreased gradually,and the level of CV increased.Morphology of endothelial cells in the incision cornea showed a significant lower CD,higher CV than those in the central cornea at 3 days postoperatively.·CONCLUSION:In phacoemulsification through the clear cornea,the endothelial cells suffer from energy and mechanic injury.The corneal endothelial cells in incision are easier to be damaged than that in the central part during this surgery,We should pay more attention to the mechanic injury in elder patient,because it lead to more corneal endothelial cell loss.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the effect and safty of small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation under topical anesthesia.·METHODS:The cases with cataract in our hospital from January 2007 to January 2008 received small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with IOL implantation under topical anesthesia,and the clinical effect was observed.·RESULTS:The effect of anesthesia was obvious in operation,the excellence rate was 94.7% and good rate was 5.3% and the total effective rate was 100.0%.There was no case who received anesthesia of behind the eyeball and around the eyeball because of pain.There were 65 eyes(57.5%)with naked vision 0.5 or above and 22 eyes(19.5%)with naked vision more than 0.8 in one day after operation.There were 85 eyes(75.2%)with naked vision 0.5 or above and 17 eyes(15.0%)with naked vision more than 0.8 in one day after operation.All of them were followed up for one month and no case was with decressed vision.There was one case(0.9%)with naked vision less than 0.5 because of diabetic retinopathy.There were 7 eyes(6.2%)with corneal endothelium edema,4 eyes(3.5%)with bulbi hypertonia,and all of symptom disappeared after dealing.·CONCLUSION:The effect of small incision non-phacoe-mulsification cataract extraction combined with IOL implantation under topical anesthesia is obvious and safe,so it is worth being used widely.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the effect of small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract intraocular lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy in treatment of glaucoma with cataract.·METHODS:Retrospective study was conducted in 32 cases 32 eyes of chronic angle-closure glaucoma with cataract.All the patients underwent small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with trabeculectomy.·RESULTS:Mean follow-up was 7.3 months(6-9 months),27 eyes(84%)had the best-corrected visual acuity at or above 0.3.All the IOP was controlled in normal range.The mean IOP was reduced to 13.50±5.30mmHg,functional filtering bleb in 28 eyes(88%).No serious complica-tions occurred in or after operation.·CONCLUSION:Small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with trabeculectomy is a safe,effective and economic method in the treatment of chronic angle-closure glaucoma with cataract.·

Abstract:·AIM:To analyze the cataract incision closed form and endophthalmitis occurrence relationship.·METHODS:Cataract surgery in 5139 eyes in 2001-01/2007-12,were extracted by comparing the surgical incision(scleral tunnel)size(3.5-7.0mm)and closed form(self-closed,a needle stitching,double needle stitching)and the incidence of endophthalmitis.·RESULTS:Of cataract surgery in 5139 eyes,endophthal-mitis occurred in 10 eyes,the rate was 0.54%-0,mean 0.28%.·CONCLUSION:Cataract surgery incision closed form and the incidence of endophthalmitis was significantly related.To effectively close the incision can reduce or avoid the occurrence of endophthalmitis.·

Abstract:·AIM:To analyze the causes for the formation of shallow anterior chamber after traheculectomy in patients with glaucoma and its treatment.·METHODS:Studies on the causes of shallow anterior chamber formed after trabeculectomy and its treatment were carried out in 1556 cases 1556 eyes with glaucoma during recent 7 years.·RESULTS:Shallow anterior chamber had been occurred in 148 eyes(9.51%)of 1556 eyes after the operation.The excessive drainage through filtration track,the loosening of suture,the leakage of chamber fluid and malignant glaucoma were the main causes for the formation of shallow anterior chamber formed after the operation.Under the corresponding treatment of complications after the operation,the shallow chamber in 147 eyes recovered to normal.·CONCLUSION:The effective control of intraocular pressure before and after the operation,keeping suitable depth of anterior chamber during the operation,master-ing the degree of tightness of suture at incision,careful observation on changes of intraocular pressure and anteri-or chamber and treatment of complications on time are key points for the prevention of shallow anterior chamber occurred in patients with glaucoma after trabeculectomy.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the relationship between the thickness change of retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field damage in the primary open angle glaucoma(bluish glaucoma)for the syndrome differentiation of TCM.·METHODS:Seventy-two patients(144 eyes)of primary open angle glaucoma underwent optical coherence tomo-graphy for a 3.4mm ring around the optic disc.Each quadrant retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was recorded,and imported Humphry vision analyzer was used for quantification in the whole field of vision 30° test checks.Traditional Chinese medicine was applied on the patients with TCM theory.The relationship between the two was observed.·RESULTS:TCM syndrome and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes had statistical significance,TCM syndro-me type and the type of visual field damage was statistically significant(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:The optic nerve damage is more common in the deficiency within the blue wind,optic nerve damage were seen in the early period.Therefore,the extent of optic nerve damage to a certain extent gives a certain degree of guidance in TCM treatment.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the value of optic disc formation analysis in early diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma.·METHODS:Seventy-two examinees whose cup-disc ratio were 0.5-0.8 underwent ophthalmic routine examina-tions,gonioscopy,perimetry and optical coherence tomography(OCT),and the results were analyzed.·RESULTS:The intraocular pressure of only 10 exami-nees with normal optic disc formation fell on the "suspicious" range.All the examinees with normal optic disc formation got normal results in perimetry and OCT.A big proportion of examinees with abnormal optic disc formation got abnormal results in intraocular pressure measurement,perimetry and OCT.·CONCLUSION:The optic disc formation is a sensitive factor in early diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the clinicaI effects of phacoemulsification(phaco)with foldable intraocular lens(IOL)implantation in the treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma.·METHODS:Twenty consecutive patients 23 eyes were included in this study with acute angle-closure glaucoma and cataract,and phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation were performed.Visual acuity and intraocular pressure(IOP)were recorded pre-and postoperatively.The pre-and postoperative changes about the anterior chamber depth(ACD)and angle opening distance(AOD500)were detected by ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM).·RESULTS:The mean visual acuity was increased from 4.16±0.38 of preoperative to 4.75±0.10 of postoperative,and IOP was reduced from 48.65±7.34mmHg to 16.65±1.97mmHg.ACD of pre-and postoperation were 1.35±0.04mm and 3.51±0.07mm,AOD500 of pre-and posto-peration were 225.09±12.43μm and 511.18±12.20μm respectively,there was significant difference(P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:Phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implantation is a safe and effective method to treat acute angle-closure glaucoma.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the clinical effects of the modified anterior chamber penetration on treating the acute angle-closure glaucoma with continuous high intraocular pressure(IOP).·METHODS:The modified anterior chamber penetration was performed on 33 patients 33 eyes with the sudden attack of angle-closure glaucoma after topical anaesthetic.·RESULTS:All patients with the modified anterior chamber penetration rapidly reduced IOP,eye pain,eased headache,improved eyesight in various degrees,after treatment IOP was an average of 15 mmHg.No complications occurred.·CONCLUSION:The modified anterior chamber pene-tration is an effective,safe and simple method of treating the acute angle-closure glaucoma with continuous high IOP.It can avoid side effects caused by long-term IOP-decreasing drug and can quickly reduce IOP to alleviate the suffering of patients,reduce the damage to visual function caused by the high IOP.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)for the diagnosis of age related macular degene-ration(AMD).·METHODS:AMD patients were examined by FFA using Topocon TRC-NW7SF fundus camera and analysed in combination with other clinical examinations.·RESULTS:In total of 62 eyes in 40 AMD patients,49 eyes(79%)were diagnosed as atrophic type,13 eyes(21%)exudative type.The atrophic type showed spots or mottled shape in fluorescence transmission,and no fluorescein leakage was found.In the early stage of exudative type,choroidal neovascularization(CNV)could be seen,and in the later stage,there was a lot of fluorescein leakage;the blocked fluorescence was observed if hemorrhage formed around.·CONCLUSION:The application of FFA helps the early diagnosis of AMD and points out the area and location of CNV.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the effects of posterior Tenon capsule injection of trimacinolone combined with surgery on retinal detachment associated with choriodal detachment.·METHODS:Eighteen patients were studied.The clinical data,preoperative management,operative methods,therapeutic effects and follow records were analyzed.·RESULTS:Fifteen cases were completely succeeded,1 case failed,2 cases redetached after the follow-up of 3-12 months.The total successful rate was 83%.IOP and vision were significantly improved.·CONCLUSION:The successful rate of retinal detach-ment associated with choriodal detachment is lower than that of the general retinal detachment.Posterior Tenon capsule injection of trimacinolone is an effective and safe method for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment,it can improve the success rate.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe clinical curative effect of nourishing yin and promoting blood circulation in recurrent uveitis with the conventional medicine treatment.·METHODS:Forty cases of uveitis were randomly divided into experimental group 20 cases 20 eyes and control group 20 cases 20 eyes,nourishing yin and promoting blood circulation on the basis of conventional medicine treatment group and conventional medicine treatment group.·RESULTS:The effective rate was 75%(15 eyes)and the cure rate was 45%(9 eyes)in experimental group,while it was 60%(12 eyes)and 25%(5 eyes)respectively in the control group.There was statistically significant difference between the experimental group and control group(P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:Application of nourishing yin and promoting blood circulation in the recurrent uveitis,with conventional western medicine,can effectively control the inflammatory process and reduce the recurrence.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy(PDT)and injection of triamcinolone acetonide(TA)via posterior sub-tenon combination therapy on choroidal neovascularization(CNV)combined with multifocal choroiditis(MC).·METHODS:Eight patients(8 eyes)who were diagnosed as MC combined with CNV were retrospectively analyzed.The changes in the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),FFA/ICGA and OCT were analyzed before and after combination therapy.·RESULTS:During 6-month follow-up the BCVA was improved after combination therapy(P<0.05).FFA/ICGA showed decrease and stoppage of inflammation on preocular and fundus in 8 eyes(100%),no leakage or reduced leakage in 7 eyes(88%)1 month after combina-tion therapy.In 1 eye(12%),the fundus remained leaky.At the 6-month follow-up,no inflammation relapse was obtained,FFA /ICGA showed no leakage or slight leakage in 8 eyes(100%).·CONCLUSION:Combination therapy of PDT and injec-tion of TA via posterior sub-tenon is safe and effective to CNV combined with MC.·

Abstract:·AIM:To discuss the curative effect of pubescent coccineus colquhounia flower tablet on iridocyclitis.·METHODS:Eighty-nine patients with iridocyclitis referred to our hospital from Jan.2006 to Dec.2007 were divided into two groups,treatment group 45 cases(pubescent coccineus colquhounia flower and glucocorti-coids)and control group 44 cases(glucocorticoids and placebo).·RESULTS:Cure rate in 14 days of treatment group and control group was 88%,60% respectively,there was significant difference between them(P<0.05).Following up of 12 months,we found that the recurrent rate of control group was 17%,recurrent rate of treatment group was 8%,there was significant difference between them(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:Pubescent coccineus colquhounia flower can treat iridocyclitis.And its cure rate and recurrent rate are better than those of glucocorticoids only.·

Abstract:·AIM:To analyse and explore the incidence,clinical characteristics and correlated factors of steroids induced high intraocular pressure(IOP)after excimer laser cornea refractive surgery,then make a help for clinic.·METHODS:Retrospective study of high IOP of 1580 patients(3160 eyes)after laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)or laser subepithelial keratomileusis(LASEK)from 2005 to 2009 was performed in our hospital.·RESULTS:Sixty-eight eyes in 38 cases of steroids induced high IOP were recognized.The incidence rate was 2.2%.There were 20 male cases and 18 female cases.The age of the patients ranged from 18-33 years old.The spherical equivalent refraction were-4.00--12.00D.It occurred from 14-30 days after excimer laser cornea refractive surgery.There were 16 cases(30 eyes)and 22 cases 38 eyes occurred steroids induced high IOP after LASIK and LASEK,respectively.Fluorometholone or prednisolone acetate eye drops were topically used on 68 eyes.The time with eyedrops was from 20 days to 90 days.The eyesight of 38 patients 68 eyes decreased with different degree and intraocular pressure increased,and some patients had corneal epithelium edema.The eyesight of all patients recovered to normal and the symptoms of them disappeared after stoping the steroids,and giving topical or systemic antiglaucoma agents according to patients’ intraocular pressure.·CONCLUSION:There were special features in steroids induced high IOP after excimer laser cornea refractive surgery.The clinician should pay more attention to these cases to avoid misdiagnosis.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the clinical effect of lecithin-bound iodine and fufangxueshuantong capsule in the treatment of vitreous opacities.·METHODS:Vitreous opacity patients which had different disease time were randomly divided into two groups,the lecithin-bound iodine(LBI)group and the fufangxue-shuantong capsule group.The vitreous body turbidity situation,change of eyesight were observed under the direct ophthalmoscope and slit-lamp before the treatment and 30 days,60 days after oral drug treatment.At the same time,the vitreous body turbidity grade was evaluated.·RESULTS:After 30 days’ treatment,the effective rate of fufangxueshuantong was significantly lower than that of LBI in the fresh and short-term groups(P<0.05).After 60 days’ treatment,in the old group,there was a much higher effective rate in patients who had taken fufangxueshuantong than those who had taken LBI(P<0.05).Moreover,the total effective rate in each group were significantly higher than the efficiency of the 30 days’ treatment(P<0.05).Compared with the fresh group,the total effective rates of the long-term group and old group were significantly decreased after two drugs’ treatment(P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:LBI is more effective to the fresh and short-term vitreous opacities than fufangxueshuantong capsule,and fufangxueshuantong capsule is an ideal treatment for chronic old vitreous opacities.To extend the treatment time of vitreous opacities and offer early treatment will contribute to the improvement of treatment effectiveness.·

Abstract:·AIM:To discuss the value of CT in diagnosing benign tumor of the lacrimal gland.·METHODS:The clinical data and imaging manifesta-tions of 30 cases with pathologically confirmed benign lacrimal gland tumor were analyzed retrospectively.·RESULTS:The lesions originated in the orbital lobe of the lacrimal gland in 26 cases and the palpebral lobe in 4 cases.The tumors showed oval shape in 18 cases,irregular shape in 4 cases,irregular margin shape in 8 cases.Most cases showed average density on CT.Orbital bone compression or defect was seen in 18 cases,bone destruction with hyperostosis bone sclerosis in 12 cases.·CONCLUSION:Benign tumos in the lacrimal gland have some imaging features.·

Abstract:·AIM:To analyse the clinical and color Doppler ultrasonography imageological characters of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma for the sake of clinical diagnosis and management.·METHODS:Sixteen cases of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma from Jan.1996 to Dec.2009 were reviewed as a retrospective study.The tumor location,shape,internal echo,distribution,shape and kinetic parameter of blood flow were summed up accordingly,rhabdomyosarcoma in color doppler ultrasonography was summarized.·RESULTS:Multiple lesions were in the upper part of the orbit,showing round or irregular in shape,internal echo was medium or low and most was not uniform,sound attenuation was not obvious.Blood flow showed more signal,star or dot in shape,and arterial spectrum.·CONCLUSION:Color Doppler ultrasonography is simple,non-invasive with dynamic observation,indicating lesions in blood flow distribution and characteristics of the spectrum for us to understand the blood supply.Color Doppler ultrasonography is extraordinarily helpful in the diagnosis and management of orbital rhabdomyosar-coma.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the effects of different operation methods on senile entropion.·METHODS:One hundred and eighty-five cases 286 eyes were selected,and eyelid skin resection,orbicularis muscle resection,palpebral margin incision and plication of the orbicularis muscle were performed respectively.Recurrent rate was observed during a long-term following period(the mean postoperative follow-up period was 2 years;ranged from 9 months to 43 months).·RESULTS:The long effect of plication of the orbicularis muscle was the best while the eyelid skin resection was the worst.·CONCLUSION:Plication of the orbicularis muscle is a simple method with reliable effect for treatment of senile entropion.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe and analyse the clinical effect and promotive value in grass-roots hospitals of reverse implantation of spherical headed silicon tube in naso-lacrimal duct for the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis.·METHODS:Thirty-seven eyes of 35 cases with chronic dacryocystitis were treated with reverse implantation of spherical headed silicon tube in naso-lacrimal duct.·RESULTS:Thirty-seven eyes of 35 cases were followed up for 1 year,of which 34 eyes were cured with no epiphora and the secretions disappeared.3 eyes were ineffective and the cure rate was 92%.·CONCLUSION:Reverse implantation of spherical headed silicon tube in naso-lacrimal duct for the treatment of chronic dacryocystitis has a definite effect.It should be promoted in grass-roots hospitals because of its simplicity and low-cost.·

Abstract:·AIM:To find out the astigmatic distribution of Uighur children between the age of 6 and 13,and to observe the relationship between astigmatism and deviation food habit at the same time.·METHODS:The distribution rules of the main types of astigmatism and the distribution rules of deviation food habit on the astigmatism of the 262 children 485 eyes aged 6 to 13 were investigated.·RESULTS:The astigmatism degrees were in low grade of both myopic and hypermetropic astigmatism,the myopic astigmatism accounted for 64.9% of total astigmatic eyes,hypermetropic astigmatism accounted for 35.1% of total astigmatic eyes.In the myopic astigmatism,there were 71.4% children didn’t like meat,and 48.2% children didn’t like vegetable;and in the hypermetropic astigmatism,there were 40.6% children didn’t like meat,and 68.8% children didn’t like vegetable.·CONCLUSION:There are more myopic astigmatism than hypermetropic astigmatism,and low grade than middle or high grade astigmatism,in school age children.Most of the children with myopic astigmatism don’t like meat,and hypermetropic astigmatism ones don’t like vegetable.To prevent myopic astigmatism,the children have to learn a good eating habit to balance diet.Children must be treated for apositia syndrome early if founded.·

Abstract:·AIM:To carry on the physical examination for staff who were 40 years old and above in the University of Science and Technology Beijing in order to understand staff’s eye state.·METHODS:By reviewing the physical examination report of the staff in 2007,2101 teachers and staff aged 40 years old and above were selected from 2890 people in our university and divided into four groups ranging from 40-49,50-59,60-69,70 years old and above to discover the main ophthalmopathy which affected vision and to analyze age section distribution.·RESULTS:Five kinds of ophthalmopathies with high prevalence rate from high to low were ocular fundus arteriosclerosis(4.6%),vitreous opacity(1.8%),senile cataract(1.6%),optic disc(C/D)anomaly(0.7%),age-related macular degeneration(0.4%).The others’ posi-tive rate increased obviously along with age except C/D anomaly.·CONCLUSION:Senile cataract,glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are the main ophthalmo-pathies which affect the vision.·

Abstract:·AIM:To discuss the method of multiple cornea in-depth foreign bodies removal.·METHOD:This group of patient 42 examples(45 eyes),the foreign bodies penetration cornea entire level and the part enter anterior chamber 13 examples.The patients are used sedative drugs all over and reduced the pupil fully.Use 15 stab knife to perform paracentesis of anterior chamber to ensure there is no leakage of aqueous humor.Viscoelastic substances are injected from the puncture site into the anterior chamber and then enhance its depth.Use Smooth forceps to draws back from the cornea surface the foreign bodies to send out slightly,reveals end the foreign bodies,this time not anxiously wipes out,but processes other foreign bodies using the technique of same,after treating end all foreign bodies reveals the cornea surface,by the same time,use the tooth forceps to take out the foreign bodies.·RESULTS:Forty-five foreign bodies 42 taken out smoothly,3 eyes the light concurrency cataract because insufficiently experienced,8 eyes uveitises.10 eyes keratitis are surpasses the 1 week to seeing the doctor.After the wound in 3 days the prompt seeing the doctor’s patient,the Vision improvement probability is higher than 1 week obviously.·CONCLUSION:The multiple in-depth corneal foreign body,especially multiple penetrability corneal foreign body’s extraction,Should receive a medical examination as soon as possible and the surgery,the surgery designs should take protect the lens as the premise,reduces the surgery complication as far as possible.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the effects of complex trabeculectomy in treatment of secondary glaucoma after silicone oil filling.·METHODS:Eleven cases 11 eyes with secondary glaucoma after silicone oil filling were treated with complex trabeculectomy since Oct.2003 to Dec.2008.Clinical observations were carried out on filtering bleb,intraocular pressure(IOP)and vision.·RESULTS:High rate of functional filtering bleb formation was achieved after complex trabeculectomy.IOP was 52.3±11.5mmHg before operation and 15.4±8.3mmHg after operation,IOP was significantly dropped(P<0.01).4 eyes(36%)had vision improved and 5 eyes(45%)had equal vision with preoperation,2 eyes(18%)with vision decreased.·CONCLUSION:Complex trabeculectomy can treat secondary glaucoma after silicone oil filling effectively.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the early clinical manifestations of retinal breaks and early diagnosis and treatment.·METHODS:From May 2007 to August 2009,argon laser photocoagulation were on the peripheral retinal breaks of the patients in out-patient,retinal photocoagulation on 19 patients of 21 eyes,curative effect was observed in the follow-up.·RESULTS:The patients were followed up for 2 weeks to 6 months to analyse the effect of the causes of breaks,size and shape of the breaks.One patient was also performed cryosurgery + scleral buckling,there was no retinal detachment occurred.·CONCLUSION:Early detection and early diagnosis of retinal breaks is very important,selective retinal photocoagulation is safe and effective.·

Abstract:·AIM:To devote much attention to the study on diagnosis and treatment of optic neuritis(ON)and multiple sclerosis(MS).·METHODS:The 21 ON among the patients of MS who were admitted to eye center of the affiliated hospital of Mudanjiang medical university from 2004 to 2008 were retrospectively analyzed,clinical symptom,diagnosis and therapy of MS with first-diagnosis of ON were investigated.·RESULTS:According to Poser and MRI criteria of diagnosis,21 cases were identified as MS.Through treatment of a large dose of methylprednisolone,the visual acuity of 15 cases(71%)was improved.·CONCLUSION:It is necessary for patients with optic neuritis to do conventional MRI to exclude MS.A large dose of methylprednisolone is the first choice.·

Abstract:·AIM:To analyze the effect of massage on eyeball to prevent intraocular hypertension after trabeculectomy.·METHODS:We preformed normal trabeculectomy on 33 glaucoma patients(57 eyes).After operation,the 33 patients were randomly divided into two groups:therapy group(group A),including 17 patients(29 eyes)and control group(group B),including 16 patients(28 eyes).These patients in therapy group received not only conven-tional treatment,but also massage on eyeball.These patients in control group received only conventional treat-ment.To observe intraocular pressure of these patients in two groups within 6-24 months after operation.·RESULTS:There were 2 eyes of therapy group over 21mmHg.And there were 10 eyes of control group over 21mmHg.The difference between the two groups showed statistical significance(P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:Massage on eyeball can effectively prevent intraocular hypertension after trabeculectomy.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the operation methods and clinical effects of hydroxyapatite(HA)orbital implantation.·METHODS:Primary implantations were performed in 62 patients 62 eyes with unpacked HA artificial eye mount.The follow-up period was 6-24 months.All of the cases were observed.·RESULTS:All of the cases got satisfactory therapeutic effects.54 eyes(87%)had good effect,while 8 eyes(13%)had ordinary effect.There were no postoperative complications such as exclusion,infection,exposure,prolapsus,and so on.No conjunctival breach,orbital infection and ptosis occured.·CONCLUSION:HA is an ideal material for orbital implantation.Unpacked HA orbital implantation is a good operation method,which is easy and has less compli-cations.·

Abstract:·AIM:To study the classification,cause and manage-ment of the complications associated with hydroxyapatite(HA)orbital implantation.·METHODS:The complications in 41 patients receiving(HA)orbital implantation in our hospital were analyzed.·RESULTS:HA artificial eye pedestal exposure,migration and residual superior orbit cave etc.were observed through follow-up.The satisfactory results were obtained after management.·CONCLUSION:The classification and cause of the complications are not single.The complications can be prevented and controlled by appropriate surgical man-agement.·

Abstract:·AIM:To discuss an effective surgery method for chronic dacryocystitis.·METHODS:Thirty patients with chronic dacryocystitis were collected and performed the improved nasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy combined with nasolacrimal intubation and mitomycin C,the effect was observed.·RESULTS:The postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 months to 24 months,29 patients were cured,the cure rate was 97%,1 case failed.·CONCLUSION:Improved nasal endoscopic dacryocy-storhinostomy combined with nasolacrimal intubation and mitomycin C has higher cure rate,little hemorrhage and no scar of face,accurate location,at the same time,the mitomycin cotton was remained,which can prevent the growth of granulation tissue and the formation of fibrous scar,so it can increase the success rate of operation.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate and compare the effect of three different surgical methods for treatment of senile inferior entropion,including excision of skin and orbicularis oculi,shorting of orbicularis oculi(wheeler surgery)and modified correction for senile entropion.·METHODS:Clinical data of patients with senile inferior entropion between January 2000 and December 2007 in our department were reviewed retrospectively.The therapeutic effect,recurrence rate and complications of the three surgical methods were analyzed and compared.·RESULTS:The cure rates of skin and orbicularis oculi excision group,wheeler surgery group and modified orthopaedics group were 86.2%,94.1%,97.1% respec-tively,and the recurrence rates were 17.2%,8.8%,1.4% respectively.6 cases treated by wheeler surgery had complications of dissymmetrical eyes appearance or lacrimal puncticulum shifting after surgery.·CONCLUSION:For the treatment of senile inferior entropion,excision of skin and orbicularis oculi may have higher recurrence rate,and wheeler surgery may induce complications of dissymmetrical eyes appearance,while modified orthopaedics is safe and feasible,negative for recurrence,and also effective for recurring entropion.·

Abstract:·AIM:To compare the curative effect of the external dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR),using two different patterns of flap anastomosis with suturing of two flaps or anterior flap.·METHODS:Fifty-six eyes 48 patients were randomized and assigned to two groups on the basis of the pattern of flap anastomosis.In double-flap group with 25 eyes 20 patients,posterior and anterior flaps were separately sutured.In single-flap group with 31 eyes 28 patients,only the anterior flaps were sutured after resecting of both posterior flaps.·RESULTS:The time of follow-up was 6-10 months for all patients.The final success rates in double-flap groups were 92% and in single-flap group were 90% respectively.There was no significant statistical difference in success rate between the groups.·CONCLUSION:DCR with double-flap anastomosis has no advantage over only anterior flap.Anastomosis by only anterior flap and resected posterior flap is easier to perform and does not appear adversely to affect the outcome of DCR surgery.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the clinical effect of the retrograde rip of pterygium combined with in situ autograft conjunctival flap rotational transplantation in the treatment of pterygium.·METHODS:Under a microscope,retrograde rip and removal of pterygium was performed,a 5mm×2mm conjunctival flap was cut off,after in situ 360° rotation,it was closely stitched to limbal and nasal bulbar conjunctiva.Postoperative follow-up was 3 to 18 months.·RESULTS:The grafts survived well in all cases with only four cases of recurrence in 64 cases.·CONCLUSION:Retrograde rip of pterygium combined with in situ autograft conjunctival flap rotational transplantation can reduce the local inflammation,change the limbus shift,the promotion of corneal limbal stem cells in micro-environment and make the repair of corneal limbal stem cells into corneal epithelial cell differentiation,is currently the treatment of pterygium and effective methods.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the effect of limbal corneae stem cell autograft transplantation in treatment of recurrent pterygium.·METHODS:Forty-eight cases(65 eyes)of recurrent pterygium were treated by excising the pterygium combined with limbal corneae stem cell autograft transplantation under microscope.·RESULTS:Fifty-nine eyes healed and 6 eyes recurred after follow-up for 6-24 months.The recurrence rate was 9%.·CONCLUSION:Excising of pterygium combined with limbal corneae stem cell autograft transplantation is an effective method for treatment of recurrent pterygium for it is easy to operate and has a low recurrence rate.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the methods and significance of treatment through the clinical analysis of armed police officers with ocular trauma.·METHODS:The gender,age,type,causes of trauma,complications and treatment methods of 198 armed police officers with ocular trauma were analyzed.·RESULTS:Taking history and ocular examination in detail,making a definite diagnosis,offering different treatments according to different traumatic types,combined with psychological intervention,and then better therapeutic efficacy was achieved.·CONCLUSION:Ocular trauma is the main cause of monocular blindness in armed polices officers,and it’s important to treat in time and take precautions.·

Abstract:·AIM:To explore the etiology,clinical features of diplopia.·METHODS:Visual acuity,eye movement and diplopia of 45 patients with diplopia were examined,and blood biochemical examination and image diagnosis were performed to analyzed the cause of diplopia.·RESULTS:Among 45 patients with diplopia,monocular diplopia was in 3 cases(7%),42 cases with binocular diplopia accounted for 93%.Among binocular diplopia,29 cases was neurogenic 64%,of whith 12 cases was cerebral thrombosis,cerebral hemorrh-age in 7 cases,intracranial vascular tumor was in 1 case,4 cases of intracranial tumors,1 case of traumatic brain injury,nasopharyngeal carcinoma was in 1 case,3 cases of flu.3 cases of muscle-derived Graves disease accounted for 7%;neuromuscular junction lesions was in 1 case(2%),machinery was in 5 cases(11%),2 cases of unknown cause accounted for(4%).·CONCLUSION:The main casuses of diplopia were cerebrovascular disease,trauma and brain tumor.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)measurement accuracy of axial length in silicone oil combined cataract eye.·METHODS:A prospective double-blind controlled study,respectively with MRI and A ultrasonometry,was conducted on silicone oil combined cataract eyes to measure the axial length,and the accuracy of the two methods.·RESULTS:Thirty-two eyes achieved correct measure-ment of axial length in the plane by MRI,the axial length of MRI was longer than that of A ultrasonometry by an average length of 0.16±0.20mm.·CONCLUSION:MRI measurement of axial length is more accurate and reliable than the A ultrasonometry measurement.·

Abstract:·AIM:To discuss the significance of fundus observation in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH).·METHODS:The prenatal and postpartum observation of fundus of patients with PIH were analyzed.·RESULTS:Among 599 patients,152 cases of normal fundus accounted for 25.4%,and 447 cases of fundus changes accounted for 74.6%.The rate of fundus change with mild preeclampsia,fundus change with severe preeclampsia,fundus change with eclampsia were 80.4%,98.8%,100%.12 cases of 69 cases with retino-pathy in phase Ⅲ,had retinal detachment.The incidence rate and severity of retinopathy was in positive correlation wth the degree of the disease in PIH.The higher the blood pressure,albuminuria,hematocrit,the higher the incidence rate of retinopathy.Eclampsia postpartum was related to severe gestational hypertension combined with retinopathy.·CONCLUSION:Fundus observation was of significance to judge the degree of the disease in PIH,make treatment protocol,prevent eclampsia postpartum and severe retinopathy.·