Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two different surgical techniques on congenital cataract on children.METHODS:Twenty-two children (1-3 years old) with congenital cataract were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B).With group A (10 patients,20 eyes),we applied 23-gauge (23G) trans corneal limbus vitrectomy system to complete lens cortex gettering,posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy;With group B (12 patients,24 eyes),we used the phacoemulsification I/A to complete lens cortex gettering,and performed anterior vitrectomy with anterior vitreous cutting instrument.After that,the differences in intraoperative and postoperative complications between two groups were compared.RESULTS:In group A,the width of corneal limbal incision was 0.6mm,the incision was self-sealing,and the anterior chamber was stable and iris did not prolapse during the surgery.In group B,the width of corneal limbal incision was 3mm,anterior chamber was unstable and intraoperative iris prolapse occurred in 14 eyes (58%).And the incision need to be stitched up after surgery.In the postoperative follow-up of 6-24 months (an average of 14 months),we found that corneal neovascularization did not occur in group A,while in group B,corneal neovascularization occurred in four eyes (17%);Other complications,such as posterior capsular opacification,retinal detachment,glaucoma,hypotony or endophthalmitis did not occur in either group.CONCLUSION:The 23G trans corneal limbus vitrectomy system used in pediatric cataract surgery is safer and more effective than phacoemulsification I/A.It is promising in treatment of congenital cataract on children.

Abstract:AIM:To report the appearance of choriocapillaris atrophy after combined high dose intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with age related macular degeneration (AMD).METHODS:The present study was retrospective about non-randomized interventional case series.Fifty-one consecutive eyes with subfoveal (all types) CNV associated with AMD were treated by PDT and intravitreal (19.4±2.1)mg per 0.1mL TA at the Alicante Institute of Ophthalmology.The appearance of macular choriocapillaris and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy was considered at two years follow-up.Thirty consecutive eyes treated by PDT alone,matched for age,sex,and type and size of CNV were considered as control group.RESULTS:Twenty-one of 47 eyes in the study group (45%) and 7 of 30 eyes in the control group (23%) developed macular RPE and choriocapillaris atrophy in the treated area at month 24 (P =0.04,Chi-square test).The greatest diameter of the atrophic areas averaged (5044±1666)μm in the study group vs (4345±1550)μm in the control group.Mean final best corrected visual acuity (logarithm of minimal angle of resolution) was (0.87±0.33) in the cases with RPE atrophy vs (0.66±0.26) in the cases with no RPE atrophy in the study group (P=0.11,Mann-Whitney U test).CONCLUSION:The association of high doses of intravitreal TA and PDT may increase the risk for RPE and choriocapillaris atrophy.

Abstract:AIM:To calculate the direct cost of pediatric cataract surgery,from the provider’s perspective.METHODS:The direct cost was calculated using standard costing methods in a pediatric ophthalmology department of a comprehensive community eye care center in western India.Fixed costs included those of the building,interior decoration,outpatient department’s equipment,operation theater equipment,personnel,administration and hospital maintenance.The consumable costs included materials used during surgery.Only direct costs were considered.RESULTS:The average direct costs were Indian rupees (Rs.) 69 ($1.77) for an outpatient department consultation,Rs.606 ($15.53) for operation theater equipment use,and Rs.2427($62.23) for personnel.The consumable costs ranged from Rs.1452 ($37.23) to 15267 ($391.46),depending on the protocol used.The net average cost of pediatric cataract surgery ranged from Rs.4722 ($122) to Rs.18537 ($475) per eye.CONCLUSION:Cataract surgery is cost intensive for children with cataract.Pediatric ophthalmologists should decide about most cost effective standards of care to rationalize consumable cost.

Abstract:A 59-year-old female farmer presented with left painful swollen eye for 1 week after being stung by a rice black bug (Scotinophara sp.).It was associated with acute progressive blurring of vision.On examination of the left eye,there was a marked periorbital swelling with proptosis and complete ptosis.The extraocular movements were restricted in all the directions.The cornea was hazy with large epithelial defect.Fundoscopy showed combined features of both central retinal vein and artery occlusions with swollen optic disc and ischaemia of the macular area.CT scan and MRI of orbit and brain showed evidence of orbital soft tissue inflammation.Patient was diagnosed with left orbital cellulitis,keratouveitis and central retinal vein and artery occlusions.The periorbital swelling and proptosis were improved after treatment with systemic and topical antibiotics.However,the vision remained no perception of light(NPL)and limitation of ocular movements persisted.The potential ophthalmic insults by Scotinophara sp.can be severe and permanent.Awareness of the debilitating insults by Scotinophara sp.to human eye should be instilled timely especially in its prone areas.

Abstract:AIM:To report a rare case of acute onset of proptosis secondary to subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma (SPTCL).METHODS:A case report.RESULTS:A 27-year-old Malay man presented with history of acute onset of proptosis in the left eye for 2 weeks.It was associated with history of prolonged high fever.He also developed multiple erythematous swelling on his body and both thighs during this period.On examination,visual acuity in both eyes was 6/6.The left eye was proptosed and chemotic.The extraocular move-ment was limited in all directions.The cornea and the anterior segment were normal.Fundoscopy showed normal optic disc and retina.The examination of the right eye was unremarkable.His body temperature was 40.0℃.There was presence of multiple erythematous subcu-taneous lesions over the body mainly in the left axillary,right hypochondriac,both thighs and the suprapubic area.The inguinal lympnodes were also palpable.MRI of orbit and brain revealed generalized soft tissue swelling in the left extraconal and retro-orbital space suggesting of inflammatory reaction.The cavernous sinus and brain were normal.Skin biopsy from the erythematous lesion revealed as SPTCL.He was referred to the haematologist and was started on chemotherapy-CHOP regime.The patient responded well to the chemotherapy and the proptosis reduced.CONCLUSION:Proptosis secondary to SPTCL is very rare.This is a variant of a peripheral T cell lymphoma characterised by multiple subcutaneous nodules presented with proptosis and fever.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effects of hypoxia on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells.METHODS:Chemical hypoxic model was established by treating the cultured human RPE cells with 200μmol/L CoCl2.The location of TLR4 in human RPE cells was observed by immunofluorescence assay,and RT-PCR together with Western blot were applied to detect the expression of TLR4 2,4,8,12,24 hours after the treatment.RESULTS:Immunofluorescence assay revealed that TLR4 was slightly expressed in human RPE cells under normoxic condition.After hypoxic treatment,there was a significant increase in green fluorescence within the cytoplasm.TLR4 expression tend to intensify over time and peaked at 12 hours,which was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot assay exhibiting TLR4 mRNA/protein levels (P<0.05).The expression levels began to decrease at 24 hours,and there was statistical significance among the groups.CONCLUSION:Hypoxia can strengthen TLR4 expression in cultured human RPE cells.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effect of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) in preserved amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) during early corneal alkali burns in rabbits.METHODS:Twelve rabbits were used to establish corneal alkali burn models with 1mmol/L sodium hydroxide and the AMT was performed within 24 hours in the right eyes,and the left eyes were as control.The morphologic change of eyes was observed regularly and the TNF-α concentration of aqueous humor was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method 7,14,21,28 days after AMT procedure.Also,PDGF-BB (a maker of PDGF) protein expression of corneal tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry method.RESULTS:Compared to the control group,the AMT eyes showed moderate corneal inflammation,distinctive ulcer boundary,quick epithelium regeneration and shorter corneal neovascularization length.The TNF-α concentration in the 7th and 28th day in ATM group was 315.5±19.8 ng/L and 140.6±11.5 ng/L respectively,which was significantly lower than those in control group with 363.0±28.5 ng/L and 283.5±19.9 ng/L (P<0.05).The PDGF-BB protein expression increased 14 and 28 days after ATM procedure than those in control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The preserved AMT is effective in ocular reconstruction in early stage of corneal alkali burns,which may resulted from the inhibition of TNF-α concentration and the increase of PDGF expression.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the change of the IL-1β and TNF-α expression by tetrandrine (Tet) combined 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) polylactic acid microspheres on the rabbit proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR).METHODS:Ocular trauma PVR rabbit model was constructed.These rabbits were divided randomly into three groups:A group was injected Tet and 5-FU BSS polylactic acid microspheres (0.2mL)into posterior vitreous;B group was injected 5-FU BSS polylactic acid microspheres 0.2mL into posterior vitreous,C group was injected drug-free polylactic acid 25mg microspheres BSS 0.2mL into posterior vitreous.After injection,fundus observation was performed every day up to 28 days,and B ultrasonic inspection was used.At postoperative day 7,14 and 28,vitreous humor (0.2mL)was extracted from posterior vitreous,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection of TNF-α and IL-2 was used.RESULTS:Compared Tet combined 5-FU polylactic acid microspheres group with 5-FU group of polylactic acid microspheres or microspheres group,TNF-α and IL-2 content in vitreous humor in Tet combined 5-FU polylactic acid microspheres group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups(P<0.01).There were significantly statistical differences.CONCLUSION:Tet can reduce inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-1β expression,which indicates that Tet may play an anti-inflammatory role in the PVR.Tet has many advantages such as inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors,decreasing inflammatory cytokines activation and chemotaxis on the inflammatory cells.All this results in the decrease of the recurrence rate of PVR.

Abstract:AIM:To research the mRNA and protein expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) and caspase-9 in normal retina and ocular hypertention retina,investigate the relation of glaucomatous retinal degeneration and HIF-1α and caspase-9 signal transduction path.METHODS:Coagulating two episcleral veins unilaterally in rats with electric coagulator to establish the glaucoma model.Use immunochemistry,PT-PCR and Western Blot analysis to examine the expression of HIF-1α and caspase-9 genes.RESULTS:The expression of HIF-1α and caspase-9 were very faint immunostaining in normal retina.In the glaucomatous retina,immunostaining for HIF-1α and caspase-9 was predominant in the retinal ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear.In RT-PCR and Western Blot,HIF-1α and caspase-9 genes mRNA and protein were faintly expressed in normal rat retina,and the expression of them increased in IOP elevation model rats with the time going on.The peak expression of HIF-1α was on the 7th day after IOP elevated.The peak expression of caspase-9 was on the 14th day then decreased but still maintained at a higher level.The expression among experimental groups was statisticlly different compared with the control group.CONCLUSION:HIF-1α and caspase-9 participates in signal transduction of retinal neurons apoptosis during retinal injury on chronic high ocular pressure.

Abstract:AIM:To establish the inflammatory retinal edema animal model and research the influence of the baicalin on the inflammatory retinal edema.METHODS:Opitical coherence tomograph (OCT) was used to survey the effect of baicalin on the retina thickness in inflammatory retinal edema.15 inflammation-mediated rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups,each group included 3 rabbits(6 retinas),which received different treatments,respectively:baicalin(160mg/L,20mL/kg) by iv.administration bid;baicalin (40mg/L,20mL/kg) by iv.administration bid;baicalin (10mg/L,20mL/kg) by iv.administration bid;triamcinolone acetonide(TA) retrobulbar injection of 20mg respectively;the control group was injected physiologic saline in the same volume.The effect was measured by the thickness of retinas of OCT on day 1,2,4,6,10,14 and 21 respectively.RESULTS:Compared with the inflammatory control group,the thickness of baicalin group reduced apparently,the difference was remarkable(P<0.01),and the difference between baicalin group and TA group after 2 days were not statistically significant(t<2.447,P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The baicalin could suppress the inflammatory retina cell edema effectively,it even has the same drug efficacy with the TA,and no obvious poisonous side effect.

Abstract:AIM:To determine the effects of Latrunculin-B (Lat-B )on intraocular pressure (IOP),aqueous humor flow (AHF),uveoscleral outflow.METHODS:Topical Lat-B was administered to one eye,and vehicle to the other.IOP was measured by Goldmann tonometry.The IOP were measured at 1 hour before administration and 1 hour,2,3,4,5,6,24 hours after administration respectively;immunofluorescence was detected by instillation of FITC-BSA into anterior chamber,at 2,4,6,8,10 hours,2 rabbits were killed and frozen section of the eyes were done,and then the fluorescence intensity of ciliary body,epichoroidal space,anterior and posterior sclera were detected respectively.RESULTS:Lat-B could decrease the IOP,compared with the IOP before drug administration,the difference was significant(P<0.05),and this effect occurred within 1 hour,some IOP effect may remained for 24 hours,but the IOP of BSS group and DMSO group were not decreased.The fluorescence intensity of ciliary body,epichoroidal space,anterior and posterior sclera after drug administration of Lat-B were higher than that of BSS group and DMSO group(P<0.05),there was no difference between BSS group and DMSO group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Lat-B can decrease IOP and this effect occurred within 1 hour,remained effective at 24 hours;Lat-B may be used in the therapy of glaucoma by increasing the uveoscleral outflow facility,especially in NTG and POAG.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the effect of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in aqueous tear deficiency dry eye disease in rat.METHODS:Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.In experimental group,lacrimal gland was removed for dry eye model,but the rats were without treatment in the control group.One day before the experiment and after 1 week,2,4 weeks tear secretion repectively after the experiment,tear film break-up time and corneal staining was done under a microscope camera crack.After 4 weeks,the rats died of spinal cord transaction.IL-6,TNF-α in the conjunctive and corneal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Wet filter paper length of Schirmer I and tear film break-up time were shorter in the experimental group than that in the normal group (P<0.01),IL-6,TNF-α expression was more strongly expressed in the experimental group than in the control group.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Cytokines plays an important role in the pathogenesis and inflammation of aqueous tear deficiency dry eye.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effects of method of activating blood and diuresis on central serous chorioretiopathy.METHODS:One hundred and twenty-nine eyes in 108 cases with CSC were treated in the method of activating blood and diuresis on the basis of treatment with syndrome differentiation.Deficiency of kidney was treated in the method of tonifying liver and kidney,activating blood and diuresis and modification of Wolfberry,Chrysanthemum and Rehmania Decoction;Spleen dysfunction due to dampness was treated in the method of tonifying spleen and activating blood and diuresis and modification of Ginseng,Poria and Bighead Atractylodes Powder;Liver dysfunction due to heat was treated in the method of clearing heat,activating blood and diuresis,modified Merry Life Powder.These eyes were compared with 124 eyes in 105 cases treated in common treatment with syndrome differentiation.RESULTS:After one treatment period therapy group had cure effect in 39 eyes,markedly improvement in 47 eyes,improvement in 40 eyes,failure in 3 eyes,effective rate 97.7%;control group had cure effect in 28 eyes,markedy improvement in 39 eyes,improvement in 50 eyes,failure in 7 eyes,effective rate 94.4%.Compared with twe groups,there was siganicant difference(P<0.01).After two groups were treated their vision were improved.Compared before and after treatment of each group there was siganicant difference(P<0.01);after treatment compared therapy group with control group difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The method can improve clinical effect and patients’ vision on CSC on the basis of treatment with syndrome differentiation.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effect of tamponade of silicone oil on central corneal thickness after different retinal surgeries.METHODS:According to the degree of diseases,37 patients 40 eyes underwent different surgeries:simple vitrectomy 14 eyes,vitrectomy with tamponade of silicone oil 15 eyes,vitrectomy and lensectomy with tamponade of silicone oil 11 eyes.With A-mode ultrasonic apparatus,central corneal thickness was measured preoperatiuely and 1 week,1 month,3 months and 6 months postoperatively.RESULTS:In all three groups,central corneal thickness had increased at different degrees.Compared with the central corneal thickness of preoperation,that of 1 week postoperatively had significant differences in all 3 groups.The central corneal thickness came to the same degree 1 week,1 month,3 months and 6 months postoperatively as that of preoperation in first and second group,while compared with the central corneal thickness of preoperation,that of 6 months postoperatively had a obviously significant difference in the third groups.CONCLUSION:In the circumstances of well-controlled intraocular pressure,vitrectomy with tamponade of silicone oil have no obvious effect on central corneal thickness while vitrectomy and lensectomy with tamponade of silicone oil can significantly increase the central corneal thickness 6 months postoperatively.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the corneal endothelial cells morphology at the central and incision cornea of diabetes patient after phacoemulsification,and find out the regularity of corneal endothelial cells morphologic change and some related affected factors.METHODS:Twenty-eight cases 32 eyes with age-related cataract and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(diabetes group) and 31 cases 32 eyes age-related cataract (control group)were randomly chosen in this research.The phacoemulsification was performed through the clear corneal combined with the foldable intraocular lens implantation.The cell density(CD),proportion of hexagonal cell,coefficient of variation(CV) of the corneal endothelial cells were examined preoperatively and one week,one month,three months postoperatively.RESULTS:In the two groups,the level of postoperative CD,proportion of hexagonal cell decreased gradually,and the level of CV increased.Compared with the control group,corneal endothelial cells in diabetes group had a significant reduction in proportion of hexagonal cell (P<0.01) and increase in CV(P<0.01).There existed a significant difference in CD (P<0.01),proportion of hexagonal cell (P<0.01),CV(P<0.01) at three months postoperatively between the two groups,and especially more remarkable change was found in the diabetes group.Morphology of endothelial cells at the incision corneal showed a significant lower CD (P<0.05 at one week,one month postoperatively;P<0.01 at three months postoperatively) and proportion of hexagonal cell (P<0.01 at one week,one month postoperatively;P<0.05 at three months postoperatively),higher CV(P<0.01) than those at the central cornea at postoperative different time.CONCLUSION:There exists a continued cell loss in the corneal endothelium after phacoemulsification.The morphology of corneal endothelial cells in diabetes group,compared with that in the control group,present significantly abnormality.So the endothelial cells in diabetes group are easier to be damaged than those in control group during this surgery,and the velocity and validity of recovery in diabetes group are lower comparatively.In phacoemulsification through the clear corneal,the endothelial cells suffer from energy and mechanic injury.We should pay more attention to the mechanic injury for diabetes patient,because it can lead to more corneal endothelial cell loss.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the changes of corneal topography and corneal astigmatism after pterygium excision with two different surgical methods.METHODS:Twenty-three eyes of 20 patients with primary pterygium were selected and separated into 2 groups randomly as follows:group A,pterygium excision with 0.2g/L mitomycin C(MMC) for 2 minutes intrao-peratively for 11 patients 13 eyes;group B,pterygium excision with autografting limbus stem cells trans-plantation for 9 patients 10 eyes.The changes of corneal topography and corneal astigmatism were observed by the OrbscanⅡ Corneal Topography System before the surgery and 1 week,1 month after surgery respectively.RESULTS:In both two groups,significant decreases in the results of the anterior surface of the cornea to the perfect spherical surface(Diff value),corneal curvature,and corneal astigmatism were seen after 1 week and 1 month follow-up,and the differences had statistical significances(P<0.05).In group A,the changes of those values above between postoperative and preoperative were more apparent than those in group B in statistics(P<0.05),while the posterior surface of the cornea to the perfect spherical surface(Diff value) on 1 week and 1 month after surgery had no statistical difference between two groups.And the changes of the posterior surface of the cornea to the perfect spherical surface(Diff value) between postoperative and preoperative had no statistical differences.CONCLUSION:Surgical excision combind using 0.2g/L MMC intraoperatively can release the mechanical force on cornea by pterygium,and improve topographic and clinical astigmatism significantly.This combined surgical method is efficient,it can reduce the pterygium recurrence,decrease the corneal astigmatism,and improve visual acuity as well.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the postoperative recoverment of corneal epithelium scaled off from vitrectomy.METHODS:One hundred and thirty-five cases 147 eyes of vitrectomy were selected randomly in our hospital from Apr.2005 to Oct.2008.Surgery was performed using classical routine vitrectomy through the pars plana.Corneal epithelium was scaled off about 7-8mm in diameter size due to edema turbidity during the operation,and limbal epithelium was saved.The vitrectomy was completed normally.After surgery,antibiotic gel was be used q.i.d,tobramycin 10mg plus dexamethasone 3mg was given by peribulbar injection 3 days postoperatively.RESULTS:The first day after surgery,147 eyes(100%) were the absence of central corneal epithelium,but the size of lack was significantly reduced compared with surgery.On the second day,57 eyes (38.8%) regained corneal epithelium roughly,among them,regained rate in diabetes was 18.8%.On the third day,137 eyes (93.2%) regained corneal epithelium,among them,regained rate in diabetes was 89.6%.After the first 5 days,11 eyes recurred small pieces of corneal epithelial exfoliation,they were all diabetic.With changed treatment,they regained at postoperative 8 to 10 days.After the first 10 days,there were still only 3 eyes’ corneal epithelial defect.After 2 weeks of review,only 2 eyes’ corneal epithelium was not yet regained.CONCLUSION:Scraping corneal epithelium is safe for the non-diabetic vitrectomy;but for diabetic patients,surgery should be carefully performed to scrape corneal epithelium,corneal epithelium has the risk of delayed healing.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the change of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in serum and aqueous humor in the patients with diabetic cataract(DC),and explore the relationship between DC and oxidative stress.METHODS:The levels of MDA and SOD in serum and aqueous humor in subjects with (DC group,n=68),diabetes mellitus alone(D group,n=62),cataract alone(C group,n=60) and healthy subjects(NS group,n=50) were determined.RESULTS:The levels of MDA were increased,SOD were decreased in serum and aqueous humor in D group and C group than those in NS group(all P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between D group and C group;More significant changes of these parameters were in DC group than in D group or C group(all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that MDA was negatively correlated to SOD(r=-0.835,P<0.05);Logistic regression analysis showed that:MDA and SOD were the impacting factors for DC(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The levels of MDA are increased,and those of SOD decreased in serum and aqueous humor in patients with diabetic cataract,the occurrence and development of DC may be related to oxidative stress.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and blue-on-yellow perimetry (B/Y P) in the early diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).METHODS:Twenty-five patients 42 eyes with suspected open angle glaucoma (SOAG) confirmed by standard automated perimetry were compared with 25 normal men 50 eyes in P50,N95 amplitude,peak time of PERG and the vision of B/Y P.RESULTS:In the patients with SOAG,amplitude of P50,N95 decreased and peak time extended in 19 patients 34 eyes by PERG examination,vision abnormalities were found in 14 patients 24 eyes by B/Y P examination.There were significant differences between the patients with SOAG and normal men in the examination of PERG and B/Y P (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The retinal ganglion cells have been damaged in the patients with SOAG,combination of PERG with B/Y P is an effective method in the early diagnosis of POAG.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the control of intraocular pressure(IOP) and visual acuity postoperatively between combined surgery of cataract and glaucoma with small incision intraocular lens trabeculectomy and traditional trabeculetomy for primary angle-closure glaucoma.METHODS:The 118 cases 138 eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma were divided two groups.Group A:47 cases 52 eyes underwent combined surgery of cataract and glaucoma with small incision introcular lens trabeculecto-my.Group B:71 cases 86 eyes underwent traditional trabeculetomy the postoperative control of IOP and visual acuity were compared and analyzed.RESULTS:One year after operation,IOP control rate in group A(89.6%) and group B(73.8%) had significant difference (χ2=4.36,P<0.05).One year after operation,the improvement of visual in acuity group A (0.33) and group B(0.09) had significant difference(t=3.584,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The combined surgery of cataract and glaucoma with small incision introcular lens trabeculectomy has better effect in IOP’s control and visual acuity than traditional trabeculetomy.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the safety and effectiveness of 532nm laser + Nd:YAG laser in peripheral iridectomy treatment for early pupil closure glaucoma.METHODS:Fifty-six cases of pupil closure glaucoma who complied with the standards were selected and numbered randomly,and then devided into group A and B,group A(28 cases)took ND:YAG laser,group B (28 cases) took 532nm laser +ND:YAG laser treatment.The results of visual acuity,intraocular pressure (IOP),laser hole,vision and a cornerstone were observed,and the key observation was IOP control.RESULTS:After two years of clinical follow-up,IOP:(28.32±3.43)mmHg for group A before the operation,and (24.82±3.27)mmHg after the operation,using matching t-test(tA=3.256,P>0.05),the results had no statistically significant differences,IOP control for group A was not ideal;(28.79±3.63)mmHg for group B before the operation,and (15.31±3.18)mmHg after the operation,using matching t-test (tB=26.315,P<0.05),the results had statistically significant differences,the results of laser treatment for IOP control on group A and B,the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 42.23,P<0.05).Vision:by t-test,group A:tA=2.375,group B:tB=2.362.Neither the vision changes for group A and B nor the difference between group A and B had statistical significance(χ2=3.845).Complications:neither group A nor B had serious complications.CONCLUSION:532nm laser + ND:YAG laser treatment is a safe and effective method for peripheral iridectomy on early pupil closure glaucoma,it could significantly reduce IOP,preserve the visual function.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate clinical efficacy of wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) compared to standard LASIK for moderate and high myopia correction in the aspects of higher-order aberrations.METHODS:One hundred and twenty eyes of 60 subjects were studied from December 2008 to May 2009 at Ophthalmic Refractive Surgery Center (department of Ophthalmology in Changhai Hospital).The subjects were divided into 2 groups:wavefront-guided LASIK group and standard LASIK group,60 eyes of 30 subjects were enrolled in each group respectively.Ocular higher-order aberrations were evaluated by WaveScan WaveFrontTM System (AMO Co.,USA) before and 6 months after operation.The change of the ocular higher-order aberrations was calculated.RESULTS:After operation,all subjects had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better 6 months postoperatively,and they had no complications.It had shown an increase in ocular higher-order aberrations both in two groups,especially in comalike aberration and spherical-like aberration.The increase of total higher-order aberration,vertical comalike aberration,horizontal comalike aberration and spherical-like aberration were increased by 73.2%,64.1%,128.9% and 139.5% (P<0.05) in wavefront-guided LASIK group,while they were increased by 98.3%,149.1%,193.2% and 107.8% (P<0.05) in standard LASIK group.The change of HOAROM,Z6,Z7 and Z8 in wavefront-guided LASIK group was superior to that in standard LASIK group.CONCLUSION:Wavefront-guided LASIK has better control of the increase in higher-order aberrations than standard LASIK group,and it can help patients get better visual quality than standard LASIK.

Abstract:AIM:To measure the concentration of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1) in vitreous and to observe its relationship with diabetic retinopathy(DR) formation.METHODS:By enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method,the concentration of SDF-1 and CTGF in vitreous in 33 cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR),5 cases of background diabetic retinopathy(BDR)and 5 cases of normal control were measured.RESULTS:CTGF concentration in vitreous of PDR patients was significantly increased compared with that in normal group(P<0.01),BDR patients(P<0.01).SDF-1 level in vitreous of PDR compared with BDR was significantly increased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:SDF-1 and CTGF may play certain role in the development of PDR.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the operation effects of using 0.2g/L mytomycin C (MMC) on laser epithelium keratectomileusis (LASEK).METHODS:Two hundred and forty-nine patients (489 eyes) were devided into two groups:group MMC 128 patients 251 eyes;group 9g/L NaCl solution(NS) 121 with patients 238 eyes.0.2g/L MMC solution and 9g/L NS were intraoperatively applied to the cases respectively.The two kinds of instilled solutions were held up in the eyes for 30,60,90 and 110 seconds respectively according to the diopter ≤-3.00D,-3.25--6.00D,-6.25--9.00D,≥-9.25D.Observe indicate including the formation of corneal haze,the situation of visual acuity,the change of diopter,corneal endothelium density,the healing of cornea and so on.RESULTS:All the patients were followed up for 1 year.The clinical data of group MMC and group NS were respectively as follows:the occurrence rate of haze was 13.2% and 31.1%;the appearance rate of influenced visual acuity was 2.0% and 5.9%;the changes of diopter after 1 month,6 months and 1 year,MMC group was-0.67±0.11D,-0.58±0.21D,-0.54±0.18D;NS group was-0.87±0.14D,-1.30±0.26D,-1.05±0.20D;the corneal endothelium density of the two groups preoperation,1 month,6 months and 1 year after operation respectively was 3005.92±382.54 and 2991.99±323.18,2996.69±374.19 and 2970.11±317.79,2988.37±367.33 and 3080.21± 317.20,3000.05±299.84 and 2998.97±339.62.There was statistically significant difference (P<0.05)in those index.But there were two cases 2 eyes of filamentary keratitis after taking off lense in group MMC.CONCLUSION:Using MMC 0.2g/L solution intraoperatively can effectively inhibit haze formation and therefore improve the results of LASEK greatly.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the safety,efficiency and repeatability of using the Knife 90 of Moria-M2 to make corneal flap in LASIK.METHODS:Five hundred cases 1000 eyes were performed by Knife 90 and 510 cases 1010 eyes were performed by Knife 130,and the shape,thickness,diameter,pedice length and complication of the corneal flap were observed and compared by two different knives.RESULTS:The thickness of corneal flap with 90 heads was 90-120μm and the average was 105.5±15.5μ m,but the thickness of corneal flap with 130 heads was130-160μm and the average was 145±15μm.There was significantly statistical difference.There was no significantly statistical difference in corneal flap diameter,corneal flap pedicle length,curvature,shape and other complications with two different heads.CONCLUSION:It is very safe,efficient and repeatable to use the Knife 90 of Moria-M2 to make corneal flap,the surface of corneal flap are smooth and clean,and the Knife 90 is easy to operate and maintain.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the clinical effects of iris location combined wave-front aberration guided laser in situ kerat-omileusis (LASIK) in the treatment of higher astigmatism.METHODS:Iris location combined wave-front aberration guided LASIK was performed in 39 patients 73 eyes as the experimental group,and traditional LASIK was performed in 37 patients 70 eyes as the control group.The therapeutic effects were compared between two groups.RESULTS:Three months postoperatively,the postoperative naked vision of 71 eyes (97%) in experimental group and 57 eyes (81%)in control group surpassed the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity of each group.The experimental group was obviously better than control group(P<0.01).The postoperative naked vision of 49 eyes (67%) in experimental group and 27 eyes (39%)in control group were higher at least one line than the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity.The experimental group was obviously better than control group(P<0.01).The remainder astigmatism postoperatively of 47 eyes (64%) in experimental group and 23 eyes (33%)in control group were within ±0.5D.The experimental group was obviously better than control group(P<0.01).The root mean square of higher order aberration value were 0.512±0.117μm in experimental group and 0.635±0.213μm in control group.The root mean square of higher order aberration value in experimental group was smaller than that in control group 3 months postoperatively (P<0.05).Total higher order aberration value of experimental group increased by 30.9% and control group increased by 65.7%.The increase of total higher order aberration in experimental group was smaller than that in control group (P<0.01).There were 71 eyes (97%)in experimental group and 64 eyes (91%)in control group feeling comfortable with visual quality 3 months postoperatively (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The visual quality of wave-front aberration guided LASIK is better than that of traditional LASIK.Good therapeutic effects can be achieved in iris location combined wave-front aberration guided LASIK in the treatment of higher astigmatism.

Abstract:Retinitis pigmentosa(RP) is a group of inherited retinal disorders characterized by the progressive photoreceptor and pigment epithelial cells dysfunction.It is the common cause of blindness in the whole worldwide.Until now it is not clear about its exact pathogenesis and etiology,so effective treatments are still little.This paper looks back on lots of the recent domestic and abroad related documents,eapecially abroad,and then reviews research advances in treatment of RP.

Abstract:The development of molecular biology has thrown new light on the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa.We reviewed the progress of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and iris pigment epithelial(IPE) cells in the treatment of retinal pigment degeneration.Combination of neurotrophic factors,transgene and transplantation technology is a promising way to treat retinitis pigmentosa.

Abstract:Proteomics is the study of total expressed proteins and the dynamic change in certain cell,tissue or organ.It can study the organism dynamic and integrity at the protein level.Proteomics has been widely used in the current life sciences fields.However,its ophthalmic research is still initial,not fully developed.Now,the proteomics advance-ment in proliferative vitreoretinopathy is reviewed.

Abstract:Pterygium is one of the common ocular surface diseases found only in human.The pathogenesis of the disease has different interpretations,the clinical treatment effect is unsatisfactory,relapse rates are high.For decades foreign scholars has done a lot of research in the surgical treatment of the disease in order to achieve smaller surgical injury and lower relapse rate.The traditional surgical method has great damage and high relapse rate.The injury of laser treatment with surgery is small,and this treatment has high security advantages,but its long-term efficacy,the relapse rate and the effects of combin-ing therapy with other methods,such as mitomycin C,amniotic membrane remain to be studied.

Abstract:The hemostatic biological glue (fibrin sealant) is biological adhesive with a human blood or animal blood fibrinogen as materials,which can stop bleeding by the simulation of human clotting process with the organi-zation hemostatic effect.Biological glue have many advantages such as natural closed,quick and good healing and quickly absorption.Till now,it has been widely applied in the eye surgery area,Comparative study showed that the comfort,convenience and safety of biological adhesive are better than suture surgery,this paper was a literature review.about biological glue in ocular application.

Abstract:Monovision was used to correct pre-presbyopia and presbyopia,one eye corrected for distance vision and the other eye for near vision.The mechanism that enables Monovision to succeed is interocular blur suppresion.Monovision is also used for correcting myopia of middle-age in past years.Mechanism,way of application and the effects on the visual function of Monovision are discussed in this review.

Abstract:Myopia is generally considered to be resulted from both environmental and genetic factors.Moreover,the genesis of pathological myopia is highly relevant to genetic factors.The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of its gene-related research.

Abstract:High order aberrations have been a hot issue in the study of vision quality with the application of aberraions theory in LASIK.People want to correct high order aberrations partly through custommed surgery to improve vision quality.At the same time,assessment of contrast sensitivity as an aspect of postoperative vision quality has been widely used.We reviewed the application of high order aberrations and contrast sensitivity function in LASIK.

Abstract:AIM:To describe and compare the axial length’s distribution of the Han and Yi populations.METHODS:The difference between the Han and Yi populations was compared by collecting the axial length and the lens diopter of 295 patients.RESULTS:The axial length of Han and Yi populations was 20.6-34.6(median 23.0)mm,20.5-31.0(median 23.3)mm respectively.CONCLUSION:The differences of axial length between the Han and Yi populations have statistical significance,and the two nations also have differences between transplanted lens diopter and the theoretical diopter.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect and method of phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation associated with trabeculectomy in angle-closure glaucoma with cataract.METHODS:Phacoemulsification with implantation of foldable IOL associated with trabeculectomy was per-formed on 43 patients 43 eyes with cataract and angle-closure glaucoma through a 3.2mm hyaline corneal incision and another sclera incision.RESULTS:The post-operation vision >0.5 was in 26 cases (60%),between 0.1 to 0.5 in 17 cases(40%).The vision was improved in all cases.The average intraocular pressure 1 week after operation was 15.4±3.8mmHg,which was 10-30mmHg,lower than that before operation(P<0.01).42 eyes (98%) formed functional filtering bleb.CONCLUSION:Phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation associated with trabeculectomy in angle-closure glaucoma with cataract offers a safe and effective method to treat cataract with angle-closure glaucoma,and have a quicker visual recovery and good effect.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the clinical curative effect of small incision nonphacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantion in the base hospital.METHODS:A total of 323 patients 362 eyes with cataracts admitted to our hospital underwent the small incision nonphacoemulsification cataract extraction and the phacoemulsification cataract extraction.The rupture of posterior capsule,prolapse of vitreous,visual acuity,corneal edema,fibrocculent reaction of anterior chamber and the occurrence of after-cataract in two groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS:The rupture of posterior capsule,prolapse of vitreous,comeal edema,fibrocculent reaction of anterior chamber and the occurrence of after-cataract,the visual acuity one week and three months after operation in two groups were not significantly different.The price of operation was significantly lower in the small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract extraction group compared with that of the phacoemulsification cataract extraction group.CONCLUSION:The small incision nonphacoemulsifica-tion cataract extraction has advantages of small injury,quick recovery of visual acuity,low price and being operated easily in the base hospital.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the clinical effect of Ahmed glaucoma valve implant combined with lensectomy and vitrectomy for glaucoma secondary to traumatic lens subluxation.METHODS:Nine eyes which performed Ahmed glau-coma valve implant combined with lensectomy and vitrectomy and ciliary sulcus fixation of intraocular lenses for glaucoma secondary to lens subluxation were retros-pectively analyzed.RESULTS:The visual acuity was improved in 8 eyes after surgery.The intraocular pressure decreased from 44.11±8.85mmHg pre-operation to 14.78±5.52mmHg.The complications concluded transient hypotony,tube block-age,and drainage disk encapsulation,and they all recovered well after treatment.CONCLUSION:Ahmed glaucoma valve implant combined with lensectomy and vitrectomy and ciliary sulcus fixation of intraocular lenses is a safe and effective way to treat glaucoma secondary to traumatic lens subluxation.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract extraction and IOL implantation and trabeculectomy (triple operation).METHODS:Triple operation on 43 cases 46 eyes with glaucoma and cataract was analyzed retrospectively.Visual acuity,intraocular pressure(IOP),filtration state and postoperative complication were observed.RESULTS:Postoperative visual acuities were improved.Postoperative IOP:11.04-19.08mmHg,the mean postopera-tive IOP:14.05±3.24mmHg.3 cases 3 eyes IOP were about 25mmHg postoperatively and could be controled in normal range by 5g/L timolol.38 eyes had the functional filtering bleb (including Ⅰand Ⅱ type).All cases had no severe complications.CONCLUSION:The triple operation with small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract extraction and IOL im-plantation and trabeculectomy may effectively control IOP and improve visual acuity.Triple operation is an effective and safe method for cataract patients with glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the clinical effect of improved sewing method and traditional sewing method of scleral flap in trabeculectomy for acute angle-closure glaucoma.METHODS:Forty-two eyes 68 cases with acute angle-closure glaucoma underwent trabeculectomy and peripheral iridectomy,A group 16 cases 28 eyes:improved sewing method of scleral flap was adopted during operation;B group 26 cases 40 eyes:traditional sewing method of scleral flap was used during operation.RESULTS:All cases were followed-up for 6-12 months,averaged 6.7 months.A group:the suture was pulled out 3-17 days after operation,averaged 8.33 days.The shallow anterior chamber was 2 cases(7%) in A group and 12 cases(30%) in B group,there was significant difference between 2 groups(P<0.05).The intraocular tension was 10-19mmHg (averaged 13.31mmHg) in A and 6-42mmHg (averaged 14.64mmHg) in B after 2 weeks,there was no significant difference between 2 groups.The intrao-cular tension was 10-17.30mmHg (averaged 11.96mmHg) in A and 7-44mmHg(averaged 15.17mmHg) in B after 6 months,there was no significant difference between 2 groups.The functional filterbubble was 28 cases(100%) in A and 36 cases(90%) in B,there was no significant difference between 2 groups.CONCLUSION:It is safe and effetive that the improved sewing method of scleral flap for trabeculectomy of acute angle-closure glaucoma,and it is a better method to avoid the occurrance of shallow anterior chamber than the traditional sewing method in the forepart after operation.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the relative factors contributing to anxiety in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).METHODS:The degrees of depression and anxiety in 82 patients with POAG and 82 non-POAG individuals were assessed using Hamilton pression scale(HAMD),then the incidence of anxiety in two group and the factors contributing to anxiety in POAG group were analyzed.The all collected data were then subjected to χ2 test.RESULTS:The incidence of anxiety in the patients with POAG was 13 cases (16%),significantly higher than that of the non-POAG individuals (5 cases,6%),(P=0.046),and the risk factors contributing to anxiety were sex,age,education,course,visual field.CONCLUSION:The incidence of anxiety in patients with POAG is high,especialy in those female patients with long-course,old,worse education and worse visual function,so,they should be given psychology intervention at the time of the disease’s treatment.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the efficacy of intravitreal triamcino-lone acetonide (IVTA) combined with retinal laser photo-coagulation for the treatment of cystoid macular edema (CME) associated with nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).METHODS:Fifty-six eyes of CME associated with noni-schemic CRVO were divided into two groups randomly.IVTA combined with retinal laser photocoagulation group(treat-ment group):30 eyes.Laser photocoagulation group(control group):26 eyes.Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure (IOP),fluorescein fundus angiography(FFA) and optic coherent tomography(OCT) before treatment and at 3 month after treatment in these eyes were examined.40mg/mL IVTA with were performed after 2 weeks of grid pattern retinal laser photocoagulation for CME associated with nonischemic CRVO.RESULTS:Three months after treatment,23 eyes (77%) had improved BCVA,7 eyes (23%)remained the same.Fluorescence leakage relieved had been found by FFA.The average retinal thickness of macular area was (170±32)μm in treatment group.15 eyes(58%) had improved BCVA,11 eyes (42%) remained the same.Relief of fluorescence leakage was found by FFA.The average retinal thickness of macular area was(223±57)μm,in control group.There was statistical significant diffe-rence between treatment group and control group (χ2=4.20,χ2=5.13,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:IVTA combinated with retinal laser photocoagulation for the treatment of CME associated with nonischemic CRVO has better efficacy than retinal laser photocoagulation.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the clinical characteristics and treat-ment effects of retinal tears with vitreous hemorrhage induced by acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detach-ment.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of 8 cases of patients concerning retinal tears with vitreous hemorrhage caused by acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment and clinical data was performed.RESULTS:The covered eyes,semi-supine and applica-tion of hemostatic agent symptomatic treatment led to the increased visibility of fundus.With timely laser photocoa-gulation treatment,retinal tears closed without retinal detachment.CONCLUSION:Full understanding of clinical features about retinal tears with vitreous hemorrhage caused by acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment,careful check in finding the hole,and timely tears sealing by laser photocoagulation treatment are key factors to better prognosis.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the effect of vitrectomy for severe ocular injury with no light perception.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 10 patients 10 eyes with severe ocular injury.All affected eyes were performed by one surgeon with standard 3-port pars plana vitrectomy.The mean postoperative follow-up time was 12 months (6-24 months).During the follow-up,we surveyed their visual acuity,the corrected vision,intrao-cular pressure and fundus examination.Some patients were performed with B-ultrasound,UBM,ERG,OCT and fundus photograph.RESULTS:Five eyes had visual acuity of light percep-tion or above.5 eyes had visual acuity of no light percep-tion after operation.In these 5 eyes,2 eyes,because of atrophia bulbi,were performed second surgery with eyeball removal and hydroxyapatite implantation.CONCLUSION:The severe injured eyes with no light perception should not be removed blindly.Vitrectomy may save the visual function of some patients.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the clinical application of fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD OCT) in central serous choroiretinopathy(CSC).METHODS:Fourty patients 40 eyes diagnosed with CSC by fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) underwent FD OCT to observe the changes of macula,then they were treated with 532 laser,and FD OCT was traced.RESULTS:Neurosensory retina or combined with retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) detachment and RPE fracture were observed.The recovery of visual acuity post-laser therapy was consistent with the loss of macular volume.CONCLUSION:FD OCT could replenish and improve FFA in CSC diagnosis and display a clinical significance for estimated prognosis in CSC post-laser therapy.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the therapeutic effect of kudiezi on anterior ischmic optic neuropathy(AION).METHODS:In 32 patients 32 eyes who were diagnosed as with AION,16 patients 16 eyes underwent intravenous drip with kudiezi 20mL (treatment group),and the other 16 patients 16 eyes underwent intravenous drip with dansen 20mL (control group) with the period of treatment of 15 days.The changes of visual acuity and ocular fundus of the patients after injection were recorded,and the visual field was checked before and after the treatment.RESULTS:The visual acuity was better in treatment group than that in control group with significant difference (P<0.01).At the 3rd,7th and 15th day after treatment,the visual acuity was better in treatment group than that in control group with significant difference(P<0.01;P<0.05;P<0.01).In treatment group,the visual field improved in 14 eyes (87.50%)and of remained unchanged in 2 eyes (12.50%).In control group,the visual field improved in 7 eyes(43.75%)and remained unchanged in 9 eyes (56.25%).There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Kudiezi is efficacious in treatment of AION.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze traumatic hyphema occurrance chara-cteristics in oil workers,and propose the treatment and prevention measures.METHODS:Eighty-five patients with traumatic hyphema were analyzed to explore different effective treatment of hyphema.RESULTS:Eighty-five patients with traumatic hyphema underwent the treatment,the vision had significant improvement:56 cases recovered to 1.0,19 cases up to 0.5-0.8,7 cases 0.1-0.4,3 cases≤ 0.1.CONCLUSION:Early medical or surgical treatment play the key effect on the hyphema,which can achieve satis-factory results.Positive prevention is important to avoiding injury.

Abstract:AIM:To study the surgical effects of frontalis suspen-sion with dacron mesh sling for children severe congenital blepharoptosis.METHODS:Frontal muscle suspensions were performed on 55 cases 74 eyes of children severe congenital blepharoptosis with dacron mesh sling.The follow-up periods were 1 month to 24 months (average 6.5 months).The photos were compared before and after the operation.RESULTS:After the operation,the excellently-corrected eyes were 69 (93%);under-corrected eyes were 5 (7%);no over-corrected eyes.CONCLUSION:Frontal muscle suspension using dacron mesh sling is an effective and safe operation method to treat children severe congenital blepharoptosis.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the surgery effect of the upper eyelid blepharoplasty combined with the levator aponeurosis plication in mild blepharoptosis.METHODS:We performed upper eyelid blepharoplasty in 326 patients 652 eyes and combined with the levator aponeurosis plication in 36 patients 65 eyes.RESULTS:Followed up for 1-6 months,the double eyelid was symmetry and showed good shape.The palpebral fissure was enlarged 1.5mm in average.The mild notch deformity of margin was in 2 eyes,and disappered after 3 months by massaging upper eyelid.Under-corrected was in 1 eye.There was lagohthalmus 1-3mm early after operation,average 2.1mm,1 month later lagohthalmus disappered and no exposure keratitis occurred.CONCLUSION:The upper eyelid blepharoplasty combined with the levator aponeurosis plication in mild blepharoptosis patient can achieve a high success rate and high satisfactory rate.

Abstract:AIM:Therapeutic methods of XL-radiofrequency abla-tion skin apparatus (invented by department of Phy-siotherapy,Chinese PLA General Hospital) in eradicating xanthelasma palpebrarum are studied and their clinical effects are investigated.METHODS:XL-radiofrequency ablation skin apparatus was performed on 40 cases 73 lesions of xanthelasma palpebrarum with the length of 3-15mm and width of 3-10mm in an area of 6-150 (average 44±34)mm2 by separat-ing layer and ablation removing methods.The postopera-tive follow-up durations ranged from 1 to 3 years.RESULTS:In 40 patients with 73 lesions,35 cases 67 lesions were cured successfully by once and 4 cases 6 lesions by twice with well healing,no-scarring with cure in 39 cases and marked result in 1 case.1 case 2 lesions had a recurrence in postoperation of 7 months,2 cases 2 lesions had a slight hypopigmentation.The protective crust over lesion was formed next day and fall off half month postoperation.Local erythemia in several cases occurred after the crust fall off and disappeared during 6 to 10 months.XL-radiofrequency ablation skin apparatus offered several advantages,such as easy operation,high accuracy,clear visible field under the operative magnifier,no bleeding,shorter operation time,no smog,little pain,one-off ablation electrode during the procedure,slight inflammation reaction,no infection,no antibiotics follow-ing operation,no visible scarring and lower recurrence after healing.CONCLUSION:The efficacy of XL-radiofrequency abla-tion skin apparatus is significantly more evident and safe in eradicating xanthelasma palpebrarum.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the therapeutic method of treating chronic dacryocystisis with nasal endoscopic dacryocy-storhinostomy.METHODS:A total of 30 patients(32 eyes)of chronic dacryocystitis were submitted to nasal endoseopic dacryocystorhinostomy.They underwent the irrigation of lacrimal passage after the surgery,and were followed up by endoscopy for aperiod range from 1-3 years.RESULTS:Twenty-six eyes(81%)were cured,4 eyes (13%)were improved,and the total effective rate reached to 94%.CONCLUSION:Nasal endoscopic dacryocystorhino-stomy for the chronic dacryoeystitis is an ideal way to treat the chronic dacryocystitis,because it possesses the advantages of small tissue injuries,simple and quick operation,fewer complications.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the effect of methylprednisolone pulse therapy with triamcinolone acetonide and dexamethasone peri-orbital injection on thyroid associated ophthalmo-pathy.METHODS:Thirty-six cases 53 eyes of Graves ophthal-mopathy were treated with methylprednisolone(500mg) every day,three days later peri-orbital injection of triamcinolone acetonide(40mg)and dexamethasone(2.5mg) once one month and three months in one course.Symptoms and signs of the patients were observed before and after one course of treatment.RESULTS:The mean value of exophthalmus of the patients was significantly decreased after the treatment by(3.4±1.2)mm.The thickness of the extraocular muscles was significantly decreased by(1.1±0.3)mm.CONCLUSION:Methylprednisolone pulse therapy with triamcinolone acetonide and dexamethasone peri-orbital injection can improve symptoms and signs of the patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy with less side effect and high safety.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the Bausch & Lomb Zyoptix individualized LASIK of cornea saving treatment for myopia,and analyze postoperative changes in higher-order aberrations.METHODS:Thirty-two patients 64 eyes with thin cornea myopia unsuitable for conventional LASIK surgery under-went the Zyoptix LASIK surgery.The degree of the cornea saved,the recovery of vision at 1 year and 6mm pupil diameters changes in higher-order aberrations were analyzed.RESULTS:The average saved corneal tissue was 29.27μm (21.36%);1 year after operation,uncorrected visual acuity was 0.93±0.24,visual acuity was signifi-cantly improved compared with that of preoperative (P<0.01),and similar to the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (0.96±0.09);81% of cases have the better postoperative visual acuity than the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity,visual acuity was improved in all cases.At 6mm pupil diameter,the overall higher-order aberrations,third order coma and the fourth order spherical aberration were increased 1.76 times,2.10 times,3.90 times compared with that of the preoperative,similar to conventional LASIK surgery.CONCLUSION:Zyoptix individualized LASIK of cornea saving can save 20%-25% of the corneal tissue,expand the treatment scope of myopia,and have a good safety,efficacy and predictability in clinic.

Abstract:AIM:To analyse the corneal topography with Pentacam system before LASIK,and to explore the relationship between the corneal topography and the vision improve-ment.METHODS:The Pentacam system was used to analyse the corneal topography shapes before LASIK,and then the uncorrected eye vision,best-corrected vision and astigmatism degree were observed before and 3,6 months after LASIK.RESULTS:Before operation,the rate of symmetrical bow tie and asymmetrical bow tie patterns was 76.13%,the rate of round and ellipse patterns was 19.03%,and the rate of irregular patterns was 4.84%.The different among the three groups had statistical significance(P<0.05).After LASIK,the uncorrected eye vision and astigmatism degree improved with statistical significance after opera-tion(P<0.05).In the three groups,round and ellipse patterns showed the best results,symmetrical bow tie and asymmetrical bow tie patterns ranked the second,and irregular patterns the third.There was significant difference in each shape when compared in the 3rd and the 6th month after operation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Using Pentacam system to analyse the corneal topography,we find that there is a relationship between the corneal topography and the vision improvement.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the performance of dynamic contour tonometer(DCT)before and after LASEK surgery by applying mitomycin C.METHODS:Three hundred eyes of 150 myopic patients admitted in our hospital were included in this study.The left and right of eyes of 150 patients was randomly divided into two groups,0.2g/L MMC sponge was put onto the cornea ablation area in 2 minutes during the operation in 150 eyes of MMC group;BSS sponge was put onto the cornea ablation area in 2 minutes during the operation in 150 eyes of the control group.The IOP was measured with DCT before operation and 1 week and 4,12 weeks after operation.RESULTS:The IOP in MMC group and control group was 17.17±2.35mmHg,18.12±2.41mmHg before opera-tion respectively.The IOP in MMC group and control group was 17.09±2.72mmHg,17.24±2.39mmHg,17.12±2.67mmHg,17.52±2.47mmHg,18.01±2.69mmHg,17.66±2.54mmHg 1 week and 4,12 weeks after the operation respectively.There was no difference of DCT in the control group and MMC group at various time point after the operation respectively.CONCLUSION:DCT may be suitable for monitoring IOP in eyes that have had corneal refractive surgery.The application of MMC in LASEK has no effect on the IOP.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety in patients with diplopia caused by paralytic strabismus treated with pressing triple prism.METHODS:Fourteen patients with paralytic strabismus were included in this study.All patients were given eye examination,optometry and weared frame spectacles;the patients complicated with blephroptosis were weared stent frame glasses.Pressed the corresponding degree of membranous triple prism to correct diplopia after mea-suring the degree of strabismus repeatedly.Then syno-ptophore was used to test the level Ⅰ function in patients.RESULTS:Among 14 cases,9 suffered from diplopia were completely disappeared,5 were obviously improved;and after the treatment,the compensatory head posture of 6 patients were gone,8 had level Ⅰ function by syno-ptophore test.CONCLUSION:Pressing triple prism is effective to relieve diplopia and compensatory head posture of the patient not suitable for the surgery,and it can improve the quality of life and not affect the treatment of primary disease.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the etiology distribution of non-strabismic diplopia with first symptom of diplopia.METHODS:Non-strabismic diplopia patients (69 cases) with first symptom of diplopia underwent routine examination,uncorrected visual acuity,corrected visual acuity,refractive status,anterior segment and fundus examination.After that,according to the movement examination of monocular and binocular,the binocular visual function,the convergence function by synoptophore,Maddox Rod Test were applied.According to illness history,eye specialist examination,systemic examination and consultations advice,etiology distribution of the disease was analysed.RESULTS:Patients(32 cases) with convergence insuffi-ciency was the most common reason.Corneal astig-matism from pterygium surgery( 8 cases),early cataract(8 cases),lens or artificial lens subluxation (4 cases),after cataract (3 cases),glaucoma (2 cases),macular epiretinal membrane(2 cases),retinal detachment (2 cases),vitreous liquefaction (1 case),posterior vitreous detachment (1 case),double pupils caused by trauma (1 case),postoperative pathologic high myopia (1 case),and unknown reasons (4 cases) were all the causes of this disease.CONCLUSION:In the non-strabismic diplopia with first symptom of diplopia,the convergence insufficiency is the most common etiology.There is similar proportion in the patients of monocular/binocular diplopia and young/age.

Abstract:AIM:To search for an excellent therapy for patients with concomitant exotropia.METHODS:In 120 patients patients with concomitant exotropia,60 patients underwent the strabismus operation in master eye,and the other 60 patients underwent strabismus operation in slave eye.The changes of visual acuity,surgical amount and stereopsis vision of the patients after operation were recorded.RESULTS:Compared with slave eye operation,the surgical results were better in the master eye operation in surgical amount (P<0.01),post-operation visual acuity(P<0.05) and stereopsis vision(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Master eye operation on patients with concomitant exotropia have better effect than slave eye operation.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate clinical effect of DV-100 VEP visual exam and therapeutic system in treating amblyopia.METHODS:DV-100 VEP visual exam and therapeutic system were used to test PVEP of amblyopia of 210 cases 346 eyes,the most suitable visual stimulating signal of amblyopia eyes was measured,and vision training software was made by which amblyopia vision therapy was done at home.RESULTS:All of cases were followed up for 24-26 months,efficient rate of treatment was 90.5%.With the improvement of visual acuity,PVEP P100 time was shorter and amplitude value was increased.Treating result of young age groups was better than that of older age group.CONCLUSION:Personal amblyopia vision training software can be made by using VEP visual exam and therapeutic system,and the outcome of therapy can be monitored by PVEP.

Abstract:The U.S.vision health initiative is a public health program to prevent blindness,reduce visual impairment and improve visual health jointly developed by the U.S.Department of Health & Human Services and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.The initiative has proposed a coordinated program in the perspective of policies,guidelines,facilities,talents etc,with foresighted-ness and innovation,trying to make full use of the whole society’s endeavor to enhance the nation’s visual health.This paper aims to introduce the U.S.vision health initiative to provide reference to China’s nation condi-tioned visual health initiative which may be developed in the near future,and can also be the anti-blind basis for policy-makers,research workers and medical personnel.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the methods and effect of treating after cataract after intraocular lens implantation withNd:YAG laser technique.METHODS:In 48 patients 51 eyes after posterior capsulectomy was performed with Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of after cataract after posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.RESULTS:All the capsulotomies resulted in a central opening of the posterior capsule.The vision improve rate was 94%.CONCLUSION:Nd:YAG laser is a safe and effective technique for after cataract.The best treatment time,accurate operation and preventing complication may play the key role in improving the effect.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of lens pitch hook chop on small incision hard nuclear cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation.METHODS:One hundred and twenty-eight patients 128 eyes underwent 2mm straight limbal scleral tunnel incision,open capsulotomy,the lens was separated to the anterior chamber,the core was held with lens ring,the lens hook was put into the lens anterior surface,and the central nuclear was chopped slowly,and split ted into two part.After that,the intraocular lens was implanted.RESULTS:The vision of all the patients was recovered quickly.In 84 eyes(65.6%) of 128 patients the uncorrected visual acuity was more than 0.5 in postoperative day 1;113 eyes(88.3%) of 128 patients the uncorrected visual acuity was more than 0.8 in postoperative week 1.No serious complications happened postoperatively.CONCLUSION:This method has a good vision recovery and curative effect without special equipment.The equipment is easy,simple,safe,effective,economic and suitable for base hospitals and large-scale light action.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the factor of low visual acuity after phacoemulsification on senile cataract.METHODS:Forty-eight patients 54 eyes with senile cataract were collected,which presented low visual acuity after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.Medical history,and medical examination of patients before and after operation were collected and the factor of low visual acuity were analyzed.RESULTS:In 48 cases 54 eyes,the best postoperative corrected visual acuities were <0.3,among which optic never injury in glaucoma were 5 eyes(9%),corneal leu-coma and macula were 5 eyes(9%),corneal edema decompensation was 1 eye(2%),high myopia and amblyopia were 11 eyes(20%),senile macular degener-ation were 10 eyes(18%),macular membrane and hole were 9 eyes(17%),diabetic retinopathy were 9 eyes(17%),branch retinal vein occlusion were 2 eyes(4%),reattached retina of retinal detachment was 1 eyes(2%),retinitis pigmentosa was 1 eye(2%).CONCLUSION:The pathological change of fundus is an important reason for the low visual acuity after phacoemulsification.To patients with high danger of low visual acuity,inspect strictly and comply with rules before operation can lower the rate of the low visual acuity after phacoemulsification and reduce medical dispute.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the methods and clinical effects of health education applied on patients with glaucoma secondary to traumatic hyphema.METHODS:Two huandred and fifty-nine cases were divided into observation group(147 cases) and control group(112 cases) according to whether their received health education or not.RESULTS:The satisfaction degree of two groups was respectively 93.9% and 81.2%.The revisit rate of the two groups was respectively 86.4% and 70.5%.The rate of mastering of related knowledges was respectively 89.8% and 72.3%.There were statistical significances in the difference of the two groups.CONCLUSION:The different health education formulas at different stages of the disease can improve the patients’ understanding and attention to their disease,therefore it can improve the effects of treatment and the patients’ satisfaction degree to the health care providers.Patients can consciously revisit,the hospital can improve the quality of service,and the humanity managements are reflected.Furthermore,the nursing staff’s value are shown.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the necessity of classification of the branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO) based on features of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA).METHODS:A toal of 1450 cases with BRVO was studied,56 cases 56 eyes with retinal vein occlusion point was at the intersection which focused on the inferior retina vein according to FFA images,We classified these affected eye as a special type of BRVO.The morphological characteristics of non-perfusion areas,neovascularization and the size of hemorrhage were observed and analyzed.RESULTS:The data showed that 56 eyes accounting for 3.9% of the total number of eyes,in which retinal arteriovenous cross and intersection at two level in retinal vein 29 eyes,at three level in retinal intersection 18 eyes,above three level in retinal intersection 9 eyes.42 cases of FFA showed that there was a small zone of low fluorescence without perfusion,16 cases had neovascularization and hyperfluorescence,and no vitreous hemorrhage,proliferative retinopathy and traction retinal detachment and other complications.CONCLUSION:The affected occlusion point which focused on the inferior retina intersection determined by FFA is not similar to that of patient with BRVO.It has the characteristics of slight retinal damage,small bleeding areas,and small area with nonperfusion and low neovascularazitions on FFA.The further classification may be helpful for the clinical diagnosis and therapty of BRVO.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the treatment and prognosis of traumatic hyphema.METHODS:Totally 78 cases 78 eyes with simple hyphema and coexisting complications or other ocular trauma were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:The traumatic hyphema had adiversity of injuries,and its common complications include secondary glaucoma,corneal blood stain,traumatic cataracts.Active treatment can prevent severe visual impairment.CONCLUSION:Patients with simple hyphema have a good visual acuity.Hyphema coexisted with serious complications or other ocular trauma are the important reasons for poor visual function.Strengthen the protection and timely operation with the condition can reduce and prevent complications and restore visual function.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the reasons of exposure after intraorbital implantation of hydroxyapatite(HA) and the methods of preventing exposure.METHODS:Thirty-two patients suffered from exposure after intraorbital implantation of hydroxyapatite were retrospectively studied.RESULTS:The causes of exposure after hydroxyapatite orbital implantation included inappropriate operative procedure in 17 cases,mismatching hydroxyapatite in 6 cases,incorrect postoperative management in 5 cases and infection in 4 cases.After secondary surgery,the result of 32 patients were satisfactory.CONCLUSION:Careful operating and appropriate hydr-oxyapatite could avoid hydroxyapatite orbital exposure effectively.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the recurrent rate in 1 year of three different surgical treatments for pterygium.METHODS:The patients with pterygium underwent three different surgical treatments after 2008 were analyzed,the recurrent rates were compared,the Chi-square test was used in this study.RESULTS:There was obvious difference among three different surgical treatments.The recurrence rate was high in pure pterygial resection.but in either pterygium excision with autologous corneal stem cell transplantation or pterygium excision with biological amniotic membrane transplantation surgery,the recurrent rate was low,and these two operations were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION:Pterygium excision with autologous corneal stem cell transplantation or pterygium excision with biological treatment of amniotic membrane trans-plantation is an ideal surgery,the recurrent rate is low especially in pterygium excision with autologous corneal stem cell transplantation.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the efficacy of pterygium microsurgery and mitomycin C in pterygium patients.METHODS:All the operation procedure was under the operating microscope:after local anesthesia,conjunctiva was cut outside the 1mm of limbus with corneal scissors,conjunctival and pterygium tissue were isolated,and the proliferation of pterygium was cut off,hypertrophy conjunctival tissue,and residual pterygium in the cornea and sclera were cleared off.After that,cotton pad with 0.2g/L mitomycin C solution was placed on the surface of the sclera ablation area for 3 minutes,fixed conjunctival flap was sutured to the sclera and the cornea,limbus and sclera was exposed (3-4mm).After that,the eyes drops of compound neomycin sulfate was used q.i.d.for 2 weeks.RESULTS:The follow-up was 3-48 months,the number of continual days of corneal irritation after surgery was reduced in all out-patients.The visual acuity was improved in 39.2% of patients and the recurrence rate was 3.9%.CONCLUSION:Pterygium microsurgery and 0.2g/L mitomycin C application is a method of low recurrence rate and mild reaction.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the efficiency of limbal stem cells autografting technique in primary pterygium surgery.METHODS:Forty-one patients(51 eyes) with primary pterygium were treated by limbal stem cells autografting technique and 35 patients(42 eyes) with primary pterygium were treated by simple excision technique.The definition of recurrence was pterygium tissue over the limbus onto the cornea in the area of previous pterygium excision.RESULTS:The follow-up periods ranged from 9 to 24 months.In the therapeutic group,the cure rate was 96% and the recurrence rate was 4%,but in the control group the cure rate was 76% and the recurrence rate was 24%.There was a statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate between the patients who underwent simple excision and those who underwent limbal conjunctival autografting(χ 2=8.09,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Limbal stem cells autografting is an effective surgical technique for the treatment of primary pterygium.It has a low recurrence rate when compared with the simple excision technique.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the operating skills of emergency surgeries for children’s penetrating wound of anterior segment so as to reduce postoperative complications.METHODS:Use viscoelastic to protect iris and put the iris back into the eyeball.Separate the adhesion at the anterior chamber between iris and cornea and the adhesion between iris and the wound by iris restitutor through the side incision at the limbus of the cornea.Irrigate and aspirate the viscoelastic and the bloody exudation on the surface of the iris by 6 12 double-lumen lens needle to form and maintain the anterior chamber and the normal position of the lens iris diaphragm.RESULTS:In 36 patients,only 1 child had synechia and mild iris deformation postoperatively.The success rate was 97%.CONCLUSION:Using viscoelastic to protect the iris,separating the adhesion at the anterior chamber between the iris and the cornea and the adhesion between iris and the wound,irrigating and aspirating the viscoelastic and the bloody exudation on the surface of the iris can reduce complications and improve success rate in the emergency surgeries for children’s anterior segment injury.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the clinical effect of sodium hyaluronate on traumatic anterior chamber hematocele.METHODS:Thirty-two patients 32 eyes with the anterior chamber hematocele underwent the anterior chamber flushing technique with the sodium hyaluronate.It can maintain the anterior chamber,stable intraocular pressure,especially the soft separation function to separates the blood clot and machine the thing,eliminate hematocele,protect intraocular organization.RESULTS:Thirty-two patients by this technique had a disappeared hematocele and good vision.None of patients had the occurrence of sequential hemorrhage and the damage of iris and lens.CONCLUSION:The anterior chamber flushing technique using sodium hyaluronate may be a safe,simple and effective method for the anterior chamber hematocele.And it has the effect for preventing the secondary damages.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the results of neotype tractus lacrimalis drainage system for the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction and canaliculus breakage.METHODS:One hundred and six cases with chronic dacryocystitis or nasolacrimal duct obstruction were performed the inverse ball silicone tube implantation in nasolacrimal canal.Lacrimal passages were douched regularly after operation and 3-6 months tube was extubated;88 cases with lacrimal duct obstruction and traumatic canaliculus breakage were implanted ring silicone tube in nasolacrimal duct,and 6-12 months tube was extubated.RESULTS:Five cases with nasolacrimal duct obstruction,4 cases with chronic dacryocystitis,3 cases with lacrimal duct obstruction recurred epiphora,the other cases have no recurrent.Lacrimal passages flush was unobstructed after surgery.CONCLUSION:Neotype tractus lacrimalis drainage system for the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction and canaliculus breakage is an effective,simple process,and have the advantages including mini-traumato-architecture,no part or system adverse reaction,worthy clinical genera-lization and application.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the image presentation and values of orbital color Doppler ultrasound imaging examination in the diagnosis of carotid cavemous fistula(CCF).METHODS:The imaging examination of 39 cases of CCF were retrospectively evaluated.RESULTS:All of 39 cases showed obvious dilated superior ophthalmic vein with artery blood flow model.Dilatation of the inferior ophthalmic vein in 3 cases,and 2 cases showed hypertraphled extraocular muscles.When common carotid artery in affected side were compressed,the internal carotid artery in affected side could present more or less reverse-perfusive blood flow.CONCLUSION:The orbital color Doppler ultrasound imaging examination can showed orbital internal enlarged blood vessel in CCF and its blood flow signal characters.It is valuable to diagnosis of CCF.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the eye condition between navy and land forces and explore the influence of different training environments on eye condition.METHODS:A total of 185 navy soldiers and 198 land forces soldiers were tested detailedly by ophthalmological examination.RESULTS:The difference of unqualified rate of visual acuity between navy and land forces was statistically significant(P<0.01).The differences of incidence of chronic bacteroidal conjunctivitis(P<0.01) and trachoma(P<0.01) between two groups were statistically sig-nificant.CONCLUSION:It is necessary to take appropriate and effective measures on soldiers to keep their eyes healthy in different training and living environments.

Abstract:To give guidance and early proper treatment so as to improve children visual quality and save eyesight by analysing the causes of low vision in children,and to summarise its misunderstandings and putting forwards the reasonable nursing intervention.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the impact of nursing to the surgery result and safety in the implantable collamer lens implantation(ICL) for high myopia.METHODS:One hundred and three high myopia patients 206 eyes were included.Mental nursing,preoperative preparation,nursing during and after operation,and guidance after leaving hospital were summarized.RESULTS:All patients had improved visual acuity and high levels of satisfaction.Cooperation between ophthalmologists and nurses was important.Reasonable mental nursing made patients less nervous and cooperative with treatment.Effective nursing and guidance after leaving hospital could help the patients get perfect results from the surgery.CONCLUSION:Cooperation between ophthalmologists and nurses,Reasonable mental nursing and patient-centered service concept can improve access to care for patients,which brings the safety and efficacy of the program and its excellent visual outcomes.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the effects of patients with various intended residual refractive power on LASIK surgery.METHODS:The 486 eyes with simple refractive errors were studied postoperation of LASIK.All cases were divided into groups Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ according to the intended residual refractive power.In group Ⅰ:219 eyes were corrected completely,in group Ⅱ:215 eyes were uncorrected-0.25 diopter(D),In group Ⅲ:52 eyes were uncorrected-0.50D.The visual acuity and spherical e-quivalent refraction after operation were examined.All patients were followed at least 6 months.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) after operation 1month and3,6 months and preoperation best-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) in all groups.Spherical equivalent refraction after operation:There were significant differences between after operation 1 month and 3 months,1 month and 6 months in every group (P<0.05);There were no significant differences between after 3 months and 6 months;There were no significant differences between Ⅰand Ⅱgroup after 3 and 6 months;There were significant differences between Ⅲand Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅱgroup after 3 and 6 months(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:It does not obviously influence the UCVA and refractive power for patients with preoperation uncorrected-0.25D after operation 6 months on LASIK.It has an influence to refractive power for patients with preoperation uncorrected-0.50D after operation 3 months on LASIK.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effects of surgery for concomitant exotropia and analyze the influential factors.METHODS:One hundred and twenty-five cases of concomitant exotropia surgery in our hospital from 2000 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS:The short-time and long-time cure rates of 125 cases were 80.8%and 77.5% respectively.The rate of regression of eye position was 3.3%.CONCLUSION:Concomitant exotropia surgery can improve not only the appearance but also the function of the eye.The therapeutic effect is related to many factors such as operational principle,patient’s facter operative reaction and so on.