Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the protective effect of huoxuehuayu decoction on macula after phacoemulsification.METHODS:Simple age-related cataract patients(130 cases 140 eyes)were divided into A,B groups.The 80 eyes of A group were treated by conventional phacoemulsification;the patients(60 eyes)of B group were given huoxuehuayu decoction orally for two courses after phacoemulsification.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),corneal and aqueous conditions,thickness of macular central fovea and changes of macular retinal tissue in A,B groups were observed before surgery,1 day;1 week,2,4,6,8 weeks and 3 months after surgery.RESULTS:Three months after surgery,the ratio of visual acuity ≥1.0 in group B was significantly higher than that of group A.One week after surgery the ratio of mild aqueous flare in group B was significantly lower than that of group A.The thickness of central fixation was significantly increased in both groups 1 week,2,4,6,8 weeks and 3 months after phacoemulsification;the difference between 2 to 8 weeks after surgery and pre-operation showed statistical significance in both groups.11 eyes in A group had macular edema during 2 to 6 weeks after surgery,including 9 eyes with fovea thickened and 2 eyes with cystoid macular edema,and seven eyes’ edema disappeared in 3 months.2 eyes in B group had macular edema,including 1 eye fovea thickened and 1 eye cystoid macular edema,during 4 to 6 weeks after surgery,and the two eyes’ edema disappeared 3 months after surgery.The fovea thickness in group B during 2 to 8 weeks after surgery was statistically lower than group A.CONCLUSION:Huoxuehuayu decoction orally has protective effect on macula after phacoemulsification.

Abstract:·The most common forms of treatment for amblyopia are occlusion therapy and pharmacologic penalization.But these methods can not recover all the visual deficits of amblyopes and there are some disadvantages of the treatment which need to be considered,including adverse effects,compliance and social stigma.Recently,some novel approaches are investigated for improving the effectiveness and compliance of treatment for amblyopia.

Abstract:·Here we describe shifting bubble sign in manual dissection of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK).This sign can be noticed in more than 99% of patients.It is very useful in phakic keratoconic eyes,the leading indication for DALK.We believe that our small modification can help surgeons early in learning curve to avoid inadvertent anterior chamber penetration during the final stages of DALK.

Abstract:·AIM:To study the frequency of amblyogenic factors in patients with congenital ptosis.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,114 eyes of 100 patients with congenital ptosis more than 1 year old were included.Amblyopia was defined as best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)less than 10/10 or a difference between the two eyes of at least 2/10.In patients too young to be measured by the linear Snellen E test,fixation behavior was observed.Different types of amblyopia were assessed for each patient as:1)anisometropic amblyopia:astigmatic anisometropia≥ 1dpt,hyperopic spherical anisometropia≥ 1dpt,myopic spherical anisometropia≥-3dpt(with cycloplegia);2)strabismic amblyopia,and 3)stimulus deprivation amblyopia(SDA).Then the total incidence of amblyopia and each type of it were obtained.Patients with uni-and bi-lateral ptosis were also compared.RESULTS:The incidence of amblyopia in ptotic eyes was 39/114(34.2%),and for each specific cause was refractive amblyopia in 29.8%,SDA in 10.5%,strabismic amblyopia in 4.3%.Amblyopia was more frequent in severe ptosis,76% in patients with covered optical axes(OA),compared to non-covered OA(22.5%).In unilateral ptosis with covered OA,astigmatic anisometropic amblyopia was more frequent,and in bilateral ptosis with at least one eye covered OA,spherical anisometropic amblyopia was more frequent.In both unilateral and bilateral ptosis,SDA was more common if the OA was covered.CONCLUSION:As refractive anisometropic amblyopia is more prevalent than SDA,paying attention to all causes of amblyopia may be important in preventing amblyopia in a child with a ptotic eye.

Abstract:·AIM:To report the involvement of extraocular muscles in a patient with pansinusitis.METHODS:A case report.RESULTS:A 43 years old man presented to eye clinic with a history of diplopia for a month.Ocular examination revealed right sided superior oblique and inferior rectus palsy or superior rectus restriction.Investigation with CT however revealed superior rectus thickening with surrounding pansinusitis.Drainage of ethmoid sinus and superior rectus recession was done to relieve the diplopia.CONCLUSION:Pansinusitis may involve extraocular muscles.Squint surgery may be required to relieve residual diplopia following surgical drainage.

Abstract:·AIM:To compare the inhibitory effect of tetrandrine(Tet)on fibroblast strains respectively from normal conjunctival and pterygial specimens and provide a new thought in evaluating effect of a drug.METHODS :Different concentrations of Tet solution were added to the third passage normal human conjunctival flbroblasts(HCF)and human pterygium fibroblasts(HPF).After 1,3 days in culture,the number of cells was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2thiazol)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromid(MTT).RESULTS:At 1 day,there was no statistical difference in the number of HPF and HCF in 4×10-5mol/L and 2×10-5mol/L Tet tested groups(P>0.05).The number of HCF was larger than that of HPF in other Tet tested groups(P<0.01).At 3 day,the number of HPF was larger than that of HCF in 4×10-5mol/L Tet tested group(P<0.01).There was no statistical difference in the number of HPF and HCF in other Tet tested groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:In view of the increased proliferation of HPF than that of HCF,2×10-5mol/L Tet and other lower-dose Tet has damage to the normal HCF when they exhibit significant antiproliferative effect on cultured HPF at 3 day.

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate avastin eyedrops and subconjunctival injection of avastin on corneal neovascularization(CNV)induced by corneal alkali burns(CAB)in SD rats.METHODS:Single eye corneal alkali burn model was established in 60 SD rats.The rats were divided into 3 groups randomly.Group A(control group),group B(avastin eyedrops group)and group C(subconjunctival injection of avastin group),20 rats in each group.The occurrence and development of CNV were observed termly by slit lamp microscope on the 3th,5th,7th,14th day after corneal alkali burn,and the area of CNV was calculated by computer image analysis.Then five rats of each group were killed on the 3th,5th,7th,14th day after corneal alkali burn,and the corneas were taken for Immunohistochemistry technique to detect VEGFR-2,and immunofluorescence examination to detect CD31.RESULTS:The CNV areas of group B,C was smaller than group A(P<0.01),however there is no significant difference between B and C in terms of CNV areas(P>0.01).The level of VEGFR-2 and CD31 expression in group B,C was lower than group A(P<0.01),however there is no significant difference between B and C(P>0.01).CONCLUSION:Avastin eyedrops and subconjunctival injection of avastin can effectively inhibit CNV after alkali burns.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the inhibitory effect of melatonin(MLT)on cataractous lenses of rabbits induced by high glucose.METHODS:The lenses of the cultured normal rabbits in vitro were randomly divided into 3 groups:the control group(group A),the group treated by high glucose(group B),and the group treated by high glucose and MLT in 50μmol/L(group C).The effect of the drug was observed at different time points(48 hours,72 hours,96 hours).At the same time,superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and malondialdehyde(MDA)were tested.RESULTS:The observation of lenses after 96 hours culture,lenses in group A were transparent.The opacity in rabbits group C was apparently lower than that of in group B.The measurement of biochemical indicator of lenses:the levels of SOD and CAT were increased significantly in group C compared with that of group B(P<0.01).The level of MDA was significantly decreased compared with that of group B(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:MLT plays an inhibitory role in high glucose induced rabbit lens oxidation injury and can delay and ameliorate the occurrence and development of diabetic cataract.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the effects of candesartan on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and monocyte chemotactic protein(MCP-1)in the retina of diabetic rats.METHODS:Diabetes models were established in 36 SD rats by the injection of streptozotocinum(STZ)40mg/kg with blood glucose>16.7mmol/L on the third day.Then successful model rats were randomly divided into diabetes model group,candesartan treatment group.Another 18 normal SD rats were recruited as normal control group.Every group was divided into three groups for 4,8,12 weeks.The expression of VEGF,MCP-1 protein in retina was detected by immunochemistry.RESULTS:The expression of VEGF and MCP-1 protein in retina of diabetes model group and candesartan treatment group was significantly higher than that of normal control group(P<0.05),the expression of VEGF,MCP-1 in candesartan treatment group was lower than diabetes model group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Candesartan injected intraperitoneally decreases the expression of VEGF and MCP-1 in retina of diabetic rats so that partly suppresses the development of diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the protective effect of a novel polysaccharide compound derived from algae on high glucose-induced abnormal proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells.METHODS:RPE cells were divided into 3 groups:blank control group,high glucose group and polysaccharide compound group.RPE cells were exposed with 30 mmol/L high glucose in high glucose group,and exposed with 30 mmol/L high glucose and 200mg/L polysaccharide compound in polysaccharide compound group.Cell viability of RPE cells was determined by MTT cell viability assay at different time points(6,12,24,36 hours).RESULTS:High glucose caused abnormal proliferation of RPE cells,which was abrogated in polysaccharide compound group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The novel polysaccharide compound derived from algae can protect RPE cells from high glucose-induced abnormal proliferation.

Abstract:·AIM:To study the protective effect of vitamin D3(VD3)combined with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(rhG-CSF)on ocular structure of experimental diabetic mice.METHODS:Of 22 mice(C57/BL6 rats weighing 20-25g),3 healthy rats were chosen for blank control after glucose analysis.The others were diabetic models produced by 20g/L streptozotocin(STZ)injection(175mg/kg intraperitoneally in citrate buffer)after fasting for 15 hours.Blood was obtained from a tail vein to make glucose analysis 3 times in the third day after STZ injection(blood glucose concentration>16.7mmol/L as diabetic model).They were randomly distributed into two groups:experimental group(E group),control group(C group).In 14th day after STZ injection,E group animals were treated with VD3 5mg/kg intraperitoneally once a week;In 28th day after STZ injection,with hypodermic injection of rhG-CSF 20μg/kg per days for 5 consecutive days.At the 7th,14th,21st,28th,35th,42nd,49th day,blood sugar monitoring,direct ophthalmoscope examination and thickness measurement were taken by pathologic analyzing software.Data were processed by SPSS 16.0.RESULTS:Corneal edema of C group lasted from 1st week to 7th week.After combined treatment,corneal edema turned better(F=1668.887,P=0.00).Two groups had significant difference at different time(F=546.835,P=0.00).There were significant interaction effects between the time and group factors(F=163.566,P=0.00).At 5th week,corneal epithelium atrophy of C group was significant(F=96.914,P=0.00),E group was near normal(P>0.05).Choroid membrane atrophy of C group lasted from 1st week to 7th week.E group had protective effects on choroid membrane(F=1579.832,P=0.00).Both groups had atrophy of the retina,but E group was better than C group(F=531.239,P=0.00).CONCLUSION:VD3 combined with rhG-CSF has significant protective effect on ocular structure of experimental diabetic mouse.

Abstract:·AIM:To compare the change of intraocular pressure(IOP)and correlative factors in exfoliation syndrome combined with cataract and senile cataract 2 years after phacoemulsification.METHODS:A total of 49 patients 54 eyes with exfoliation syndrome combined with cataract underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.Based on IOP,they were divided into exfoliation syndrome combined with cataract(XFS)sub-group(29 cases 31 eyes)and exfoliation syndrome combined with cataract and glaucoma(XFG)sub-group(20 cases 23 eyes).134 senile cataract patients 152 eyes received phacoemulsification and IOL implantation and were selected as a control at the same period;according to IOP,they were divided into cataract group(86 cases 93 eyes)and cataract combined with open angle glaucoma sub-group(48 cases 59 eyes).The exfoliation syndrome combined with cataract group and control group underwent surgery after IOP was normal by medication and the change of IOP was compared within 2 years after phacoemulsification.RESULTS:Preoperative IOP of exfoliation syndrome sub-group was higher than that of the control group(21.85±2.23mmHg vs 18.62±3.12mmHg,P=0.002).Two years after phacoemulsification,IOP lowered in both groups(17.60±3.23mmHg vs 15.08±3.18mmHg,P=0.0037).Statistical analysis showed that it was related with surgical perfusion.IOP of XFG group had significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:The exfoliation syndrome combined with cataract group have significantly lower IOP than the control group 2 years after phacoemulsification.

Abstract:·AIM:To compare the fornix-based conjunctival flap and corneal limbus-based conjunctival flap with auxiliary eyeball massage therapy on the formation of functional filtering bleb after compound trabeculectomy in glaucoma.METHODS:A total of 51 patients(61 eyes)with primary glaucoma and combined trabeculectomy were randomly divided into two groups:A group of 26 patients(31 eyes)were of limbus-based conjunctival flap;B group of 25 patients(30 eyes)of fornix-based conjunctival flap.Postoperative Intraocular pressure,filtering bleb and anterior chamber depth were observed in two groups,and timely eyeball massage therapy was applied accordingly.All cases were observed for 6 months.RESULTS:Intraocular pressure lowering effect of two conjunctival flap combined trabeculectomy was both significant(P<0.01);functional bleb formation rate was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05);passive leakage of filtering bleb was more in B group than that of A group during eyeball massage’ promotion of filtering bleb formation at early postoperative stage.CONCLUSION:The two conjunctival flap combined trabeculectomy for glaucoma have the same good results.Eyeball massage can promote the formation of functional bleb.Eyeball massage therapy after limbus-based conjunctival flap compound trabeculectomy has less passive filtering bleb leakage.

Abstract:·AIM:To assess the impact of psychotherapy on psychology,visual field and intraocular pressure(IOP)in primary angle-closure glaucoma patients.METHODS:One hundred patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma took part in the survey.Symptom check list-90(SCL-90),self-rating depression scale(SDS)and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)were used.The visual field,IOP and HRTⅡwere examined 3 months after operation.RESULTS:After psychotherapy,the score of depression,paranoid,anxiety,phobia in SCL-90 had changed significantly in therapy group.Compared with non-therapy group,the score of therapy group in SAS and SDS had altered,too.3 months after operation,the IOP of therapy group was lower than that of non-therapy group,there was statistical significance.However,the MD and PSD had no change between two groups.In HRTⅡthe differences about C/D and line C/D were obvious in two groups.CONCLUSION:Psychotherapy has some auxiliary effect for primary angle-closure glaucoma patients.

Abstract:·AIM:To study the characteristics and clinical significance of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness along with increase of myopia degree and axial length.METHODS:According to the myopia degree,140 eyes were divided into four groups as normal,slight,medium and high myopic group.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to measure the RNFL thickness.Each eye was performed circular scans around the optic nerve with a circle size of 3.46mm.The correlation between the thickness of the mean RNFL and refraction,axial length were calculated.The mean and different quadrants RNFL thickness in different groups was analyzed.RESULTS:There was significant inverse linear correlation between the thickness of the mean RNFL and refraction,and also between the thickness of the mean RNFL and axial length.Compared with normal groups,the mean RNFL thickness values in the slight,medium and high myopic groups were thinner.The change occurred first in nasal quadrant.RNFL thickness values in high myopic groups were significantly thinner in nasal,inferior and superior quadrant.Temporal quadrant was thicker,but had no significance compared with the normal group.CONCULSION:The mean RNFL thickness in myopia groups decreases with axial length and refraction.Apart from temporal quadrant,the thickness of RNFL in other quadrants decrease with axial length.The thickness in temporal RNFL is thicker.The result maybe shows characteristics of RNFL thickness in myopia groups,which is of instructive significance to guide the diagnosis of disease.Effect of axial length of globe on RNFL should be concerned for a clinical diagnosis.

Abstract:·AIM:To compare the curative effect after crescent-shaped conjunctiva resection and pharmacotherapy in order to find a safe and effective treatment for conjunctivochalasis.METHODS:A total of 30 patients(60 eyes)with conjunctivochalasis were selected in this prospective randomization control study during April 2009 to March 2010 in Shanghai Ophthalmopathy Prevention and Cure Centre.15 patients(30 eyes)were treated by crescent-shaped conjunctiva resection and 15 patients(30 eyes)by pharmacotherapy.And they underwent system check including objective feeling with OSDI,slit-lamp observation for the residual conjunctiva and the wound healing,operation complications,BUT,measurement of lacrimal river and chloroptic tasting test after 2,4 and 8 weeks of treatment.RESULTS:The OSDI points became lower obviously 4 weeks after crescent-shaped conjunctiva resection,and stable 8 weeks postoperatively.The difference had statistical significance in two groups(t=2.801,P=0.008).The lacrimal river was improved after crescent-shaped conjunctiva resection than that of pharmacotherapy(P<0.01).BUT≥10s in two groups,the difference had no statistical significance 2,4 weeks after treatment(P=0.297),however there was statistical significance 8 weeks after treatment(χ2=5.455,P=0.020).After 8 weeks the chloroptic tasting test of 14 eyes(46.6%)was positive in crescent-shaped conjunctiva resection,and 6 eyes were(20.0%)positive in drug therapy group(χ2=4.800,P=0.028).Residual score of postoperative conjunctiva was 10 after two weeks,7 for 4 weeks and 6 for 8 weeks.Operation complications score was 6 after 2 weeks,12 for 4 weeks and 8 for 8 weeks.CONCLUSION:Crescent-shaped conjunctiva resection for treating conjunctivochalasis is safe and effective;however ophthalmic solutions can only improve the symptoms.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe clinical efficacy of diclofenac sodium combined with traditional Chinese medicine for phlyctenular conjunctivitis.METHODS:All of 56 patients with phlyctenular conjunctivitis as treatment group received 1g/L diclofenac sodium eye drops combined with traditional Chinese medicine.28 patients with phlyctenular conjunctivitis as control group received 1g/L fluorometholone eye drops.The patients’ subjective symptoms and clinical signs were recorded to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the two treatment methods.RESULTS:There were statistical differences in subjective symptoms and clinical signs between two groups after treatment(P<0.05).All patients were cured without adverse effects or recurrence(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Diclofenac sodium combined with traditional Chinese medicine is an effective method for phlyctenular conjunctivitis.

Abstract:·Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is the major reason for blindness of elder people in the world.Choroidal neovascularization(CNV)accounts for approximately 90% of severe vision loss caused by AMD.Verteporfin is the only photosensitiser in clinical application of photodynamic therapy(PDT)for treatment of AMD induced by CNV.This paper will give an overview on recent advances of combination therapy with verteporfin and antiangiogenic drugs for treatment of AMD induced by CNV,followed by investigating the difference efficacy of the treatment and the recovery of the eyesight.

Abstract:·Herpes simplex keratitis(HSK)is one of the important causes of blindness.Its blinding and difficulty in treatment lies in its repeated attacks,leading to loss of vision.With the development of molecular biology,at present,great development has been made in the diagnosis of HSK,however,for the treatment of recurrent HSK,there is no effective drugs,which requires molecular biology,virology,traditional Chinese medicine and modern Western medicine working together.

Abstract:·The microcirculation is relatively inaccessible to direct visualization and investigation.The retina offers a readily accessible site to noninvasively evaluate the microcirculation.Recently,reliable methods of quantifying retinal microvascular changes from retinal photographs have been developed.In particular,quantitative measurement of retinal vascular caliber has greatly increased knowledge of the clinical significance and influence of systemic factors on the retinal arteriolar and venular caliber.Recent studies have reported that the AV,RV and AVR may mirror preclinical structural changes in the subclinical cerebrovascular,cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes.

Abstract:·Nowadays laser is widely applied to clinical ophthalmology.Either its side effect or wrong operation can lead to severe results.The retinal laser-induced lesion is undoubtedly one of the most severe complications.This paper reviewed the character of lesion in retina laser coagulation,the factors which may affect the lesion,and the safety measures.

Abstract:·Uveitis is a clinically common disease.In recent years,there are more and more evidences proving that uveitis is organ-specific antoimmune disease.CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells(Treg)are one of many subpopulations of T cells with regulatory properties.They play a crucial role in keeping immune homeostasis,which can prevent the development of autoimmune diseases and keep self-tolerance.This article reviews the advances on relationship between CD4+CD25+Treg and uveitis.

Abstract:·Myopia is the most common type of refractive error,the onset age of children with myopia is getting younger and younger.In recent years,numerous epidemiologic studies have begun to examine the prevalence of myopia.The prevalence of myopia have obviously difference all around the world,however Asians have the highest prevalence.We review these studies both at home and abroad.

Abstract:·AIM:To revise visual function index scale(VF-14)and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese revision,in order to provide the basis to explore the internal appropriate visual function evaluation tools.METHODS:Ophthalmologists and age-related cataract patients were studied,data were collected for the formation of revision;age-related cataract patients were selected as research subjects,the general situation and scale data were collected.The reliability and validity of the scale were analyzed using t’test and correlation analysis.RESULTS:VF-14 scale Chinese revision reliability:(1)test-retest reliability:the ICC range value of scale items and total score was 0.814-0.976;(2)internal consistency:scale Cronbach’α coefficient was 0.916;(3)interrater reliability:the ICC range values of scale items and total score was between 0.854 and 0.996;(4)split-half reliability:the split-half reliability coefficient of scale was 0.817.Validity of the Chinese revised VF-14 scale:scale items included all aspects of visual function measurement;correlation coefficient was 0.67 and 0.46 respectively using preoperative and postoperative visual function and quality of life scale scores and the VF-14 scores of the Chinese revision to take correlation analysis.The value of t’test of 50 patients with preoperative and postoperative VF-14 scores for the Chinese revision was 17.18,P<0.05.Using the patient subjective improvement of visual function and changes with the scale scores to do correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of the scale was between 0.35 and 0.62.CONCLUSION:The Chinese revision scale of visual function index(VF-14)has good reliability and validity.

Abstract:·Combined with the practical working experience in Xi’an Eye Bank,the article presents the viewpoint on construction and development of eye bank.It considers that independence,uniformity and sociality should be enforced besides paying great attention to legislation,publicity and safety of eye bank.Independence refers to eye bank organization structuring,staffing,fund management.Uniformity means the operating mode should be unified and directed by China Eye Bank Association.And sociality stands for enforcing the cooperation with various sections of society and research of eye bank sociological theory.In the end the author calls for concern of the eye bank construction and support to the development of eye bank from the government and society.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the effect of differentiation of syndrome on early ischemic retinal vein occlusion after laser photocoagulation.METHODS:Totally 194 cases(214 eyes)with early ischemic retinal vein occlusion were randomly divided into control group,including 96 cases(102 eyes),and treatment group,including 98 cases(112 eyes).The control group was treated with Western medicine on the basis of retinal laser photocoagulation.The treatment group were differentiated into the syndromes of liver yang hyperactivity,qi stagnation and blood stasis,deficient spleen and weak qi,liver depression and bleeding due to blood-heat,then they were respectively given to differentiation of syndrome after laser treatment.RESULTS:In treatment group,34 eyes were recovered,68 eyes improved,10 eyes invalid,and the total effective rate was 91.1%.In control group,8 eyes were recovered,68 eyes improved,26 eyes invalid,and the total effective rate was 74.5%.The difference of clinical effect between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:It is satisfactory to treat early ischemic retinal vein occlusion after laser photocoagulation therapy with differentiation of syndrome.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the efficacy and safety of oral anti-inflammatory drug pudilan for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.METHODS:A total of 120 cases 226 eyes with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis were randomly divided into test group and control group,60 cases in each group.The test group was treated with pudilan oral liquid and diclofenac sodium eye drops;the control group received diclofenac sodium eye drops,for 14 days as a total course of treatment.Clinical efficacy and safety were observed after treatment.RESULTS:In the test group and control group,the total clinical effective rates were 90.0% and 75.0%,the cure rates were 85.0% and 68.3% respectively,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The test group and control group had no significant adverse reactions.CONCLUSION:Compared with simple use of diclofenac sodium eye drops,pudilan oral liquid combined with diclofenac sodium eye drops has exact clinical curative effect and no adverse reaction in treatment of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the role of corneal topography in distinguishing children keratoconus from high myopic astigmatism.METHODS:This study analyzed the corneal index of twenty patients diagnosed with kerotoconus and twenty patiens diagnosed with high myopic astigmatism using TMS-4 corneal topography.RESULTS:Keratoconus group was compared with high myopic astigmatism group,the former was significantly higher than the latter in central corneal refractive power,surface asymmetry index,surface irregularity index,difference in central corneal refractive power of two eyes in same patient,and I-S(P<0.01).And statistically significiant difference was found in SimK’s Astig(P<0.05),espically differences in central corneal refractive power of two eyes and I-S were sensitive to identify.CONCLUSION:It is useful for identifying children kerotoconus and high myopic astigmatism using corneal topography to analyse index,thus we can avoid misdiagnosis of amblyopia and unnecessary training.

Abstract:·AIM:To summarise the clinical manifestation and treatment of infusion misdirection syndrome during phacoemulisification.METHODS:There were 8 cases with infusion misdirection syndrome from September 2002 to December 2009.The clinical manifestations of these patients were suddenly heightened intraocular pressure,shallow anterior chamber,iris prolapse,and unsustainable anterior chamber depth through injection of viscoelastic material or heightened perfusion pressure.During that time,all patients had no significant pain,irritability or other symptoms.There was no intraocular hemorrhage by indirect ophthalmoscope examination during and after surgery.One of these 8 patients did not recieve any special handling,others were treated with the main incision suture,packet of eyes to rest and 200g/L mannitol injection rapidly.RESULTS:The one case,without special treatment,was performed anterior vitrectomy and intraocular lens suspension because of posterior capsular rupture during operation.After treatment of other 7 patients,1 patient was still unable to form anterior chamber,so pars plana vitreous cavity puncture was carried out;others formed anterior chamber,one of 7 cases had intraocular pressure heightened once again,so residual viscoelastic was not replaced.All the patients were sutured main incision after surgery.CONCLUSION:Infusion misdirection syndrome during phacoemulisification is one kind of rare complication.If it is treated properly,the physical signs originated by high intraocular pressure can be solved,and phacoemulsification can be finished successfully.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the clinical effects of the small incision non-phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation for hemodialysis in uremic patient.METHODS:Forty eyes of 32 hemodialysis patients received small incision cataract non-phacoemulsification and IOL implantation,the complications and postoperative visual acuity were observed.RESULTS:Postoperatively,uncorrected visual acuity was<0.3 in 5 eyes(12.5%),>0.3 in 35 eyes(87.5%),including 0.5-0.9 in 27 eyes,0.3-0.5 in 8 eyes.The incidence of complications was very low during and after operation.CONCLUSION:After the small incision non-phaco-emulsification and IOL implantation,the visual acuity is easy to recover and the corneal astigmatism is small.The surgery is safe,convenient and economical,which is a minimally invasive treatment method for complicated cataract for hemodialysis in uremic patient.

Abstract:·AIM:To compare overall visual acuity and the rate of spectacle independence after implantation of ReSTOR multifocal intraocular lens(IOL)and Natural single-focal IOL in patients with age-related cataract.METHODS:A total of 27 patients with age-related cataract were divided into two groups at random.One group of 12 patients(15 eyes)received ReSTOR multifocal IOL,another group of 15 patients(18 eyes)received Natural single-focal IOL.3 months after surgery,we observed patient’s best-corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA),distance-corrected near visual acuity(DCNVA),independence on spectacles and the distance-corrected visual acuity in distance of 40cm,63cm and 100cm.RESULTS:BCDVA in the multifocal group were not statistically different from the single-focal group.DCNVA,independence on spectacles and the distance-corrected visual acuity in distance of 40cm,63cm and 100cm were statistically better in the multifocal group compared with the single-focal group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The ReSTOR multifocal IOL may obtain excellent overall visual acuity.

Abstract:·AIM:To compare clinical outcomes of complex trabeculectomy combined with or without human umbilical vein(HUV)transplantation in refractory glaucoma.METHODS:This clinical trials included 28 eyes with refractory glaucoma at high risks as vascularization,uveitis,aphakia,pseudophakic and young ages.Complex trabeculectomy with HUV transplantation under the scleral flap was performed in 15 eyes and complex trabeculectomy without HUV transplantation in 13 eyes.The outcome measured including surgical success rate,postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP),the number of antiglaucoma medications and complications.All patients were followed for 12 months.RESULTS:Complete success was seen in 12/15(80.0%)study eyes and 8/13(61.5%)control eyes at 6 months postoperatively,and in 11/15(73.3%)and 6/13(46.2%)at 12 months after surgery,respectively.IOP decreased from 50.9±12.2mmHg and 49.7±11.7mmHg preoperatively in study and control groups to 17.3±1.1mmHg and 20.9±2.2mmHg,respectively at 12 months(P=0.00).Early postoperative hypotony developed in 2 control eyes owing to excessive filtration but none of study eyes.Encapsulated bleb occurred in 4 control eyes but in 1 study eye.CONCLUSION:In refractory glaucoma,complex trabeculectomy combined with HUV transplantation compared to without HUV transplantation has higher success rate,lower postoperatively mean IOP,and lower complication rate.

Abstract:·AIM:To analyze the therapeutic effect of Ahmed glaucoma valve(AGV)implantation for silicone oil-induced secondary glaucoma.METHODS:Eleven patients with secondary glaucoma caused by silicone oil received AGV implantation,and were followed up over 1 year.RESULTS:The mean preoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)was 45.35±13.96mmHg.After 1 week,2,3,4 weeks,3,6,12 months IOP was respectively 16.11±4.82,15.98±4.78,15.91±4.78,16.51±4.94,16.66±5.01,16.37±4.90,16.79±5.06mmHg.There were significantly differences between preoperative IOP and each period postoperatively(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:AGV implantation for silicone oil-induced secondary glaucoma is a feasible and effective treatment.

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the manifestation of high order wavefront aberrations(HOAs)in patients with subclinical keratoconus(SKC).METHODS:It was a case-control study.In this study 20 patients(32 eyes)with SKC was in SKC group and 20 patients(40 eyes)with myopia were selected in the same period as control group.Wavefront aberrations in each eye was measured by OPD Scan ARK-10000(NIDEK,Japan).Statistical analysis was performed to compare the root mean square(RMS)of total ocular HOAs,spherical aberration and coma between 2 groups respectively by Student’s t-test.RESULTS:The RMS of total ocular HOAs,spherical aberration and coma were 0.637±0.488μm,0.276±0.135μm,0.364±0.205μm respectively in SKC group,while that in control group were 0.394±0.282μm,0.113±0.084μm,0.148±0.079μm respectively,the differences were statistically significant(t=2.160,2.341,3.679;P<0.05).Negative spherical aberration was found in 19 eyes in SKC group and 9 eyes in control group,the differences were statistically significant(χ2=10.17;P=0.001).CONCLUSION:The HOAs is significantly higher in eyes with SKC than in myopic eyes.It may be helpful for detecting SKC to measure wavefront aberrations.

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal Bevacizumab(IVB)combined with retinal photoco-agulation for iris and retinal neovascularization.METHODS:The clinical data of 13 patients 13 eyes with iris or retinal neovascularization treated with IVB associated with retinal photocoagulation were retrospectively analyzed.Among these patients,retinal neovascularization was secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)in 2 eyes,to proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)in 6 eyes and to Eales disease in 1 eye.4 eyes with iris and retinal neovascularization were secondary to central retinal vein occlusion.All of patients underwent IVB(1.25mg/0.05mL)combined with retinal photocoagulation.The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 18 months.Additional IVB and retinal photocoagulation were administered if recurrence was observed in follow-up period.The changes of best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)were observed and analyzed before and after the treatment.RESULTS:At the end of the follow-up period,BCVA was improved obviously(>1 lines)in 8 eyes(61.5%),kept stable(changed within 1 line)in 4 eyes(30.8%)and decreased(>1 lines)in one eye(7.7%).The regression of iris and retinal neovascularization in all 13 eyes were observed by FFA image.There were 2 eyes with additional IVB and retinal photocoagulation during follow-up period.Among neovascular glaucoma,decreased IOP was noticed in 2 eyes(50.0%).The only complication was subconjunctival hemorrhage in one eye.CONCLUSION:The preliminary result in our observation shows that IVB combined with retinal photocoagulation is effective and safe in treating iris and retinal neovascularization.This should be comfirmed by a multicenter,randomized,controlled clinical trial.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the image characteristics of infrared ray(IR)and autofluorescence(AF)in central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC).METHODS:Totally 80 eyes of 76 CSC patients were examined the infrared photography of ocular fundus,autofluorescence photography of ocular fundus,fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)using IR imaging mode and FA imaging mode of Heidelberg Spectralis HRA.RESULTS:In 80 eyes,the IR image of CSC focus contained dark macular edema area,clear periphery in the macula layer detachment area,white spot-like focus existed specifically in the leaking area.The AF image of CSC focus showed patterns characterized as weak plate-like AF in the macular edema area(18 eyes of 18 patients,22.50%),weak AF with strong spot-like AF in the macular edema area(13 eyes of 13 patients,16.25%),weak AF with strong lamellar AF in the macular edema area(11 eyes of 11 patients,13.75%),strong AF circle in the periphery of macula layer detachment area(3 eyes of 3 patients,3.75%),weak AF combined with strong spot-like AF(21 eyes of 19 patients,26.25%),local densed strong AF and weak AF at the posterior pole(3 eyes of 3 patients,3.75%),weak AF in the macular edema area with weak or strong spot-like or plate-like AF scattered(11 eyes,13.75%).FFA fluorescein leaking point or abnormal fluorescence were in accordance with abnormal AF in 47 eyes of 45 patients(58.75%),not in accordance in 33 eyes of 31 patients(41.25%).The IR image of ocular fundus was in accordance with FFA fluorescein leaking point in 68 eyes of 65 patients(85.00%),not in accordance in 12 eyes of 11 patients(15.00%).CONCLUSION:IR and AF provide a novel,fast and non-surgical method for the diagnosis of CSC.IR and AF as complement are combined with FFA for the diagnosis of CSC.

Abstract:·AIM:To analyze the characteristics of indocyanine green angiography(ICGA)in central exudative chorioretinopathy(CEC).METHODS:A total of 24 cases(24 eyes)with CEC were examined with fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and ICGA using Heidelberg retina angiography 2(HRA2).The images of ICGA and FFA were analyzed.RESULTS:The choroidal neovascularization(CNV)of CEC was classic CNV confirmed by FFA.In early phase of ICGA,24 CEC eyes showed a well-defined CNV and 5 eyes showed local dilatation of choroidal vessels around lesion.In the late phase of ICGA,CNV showed dye leakage or staining.In the early phase of ICGA,20 eyes showed a dark rim around CNV and the other 4 eyes without the dark rim.In the late phase of ICGA,all CEC eyes showed a dark rim around CNV.The repeated ICGA images of a patient with CEC treated by photodynamic therapy(PDT)2 months ago showed retinal-choroidal anastomosis(RCA).CONCLUSION:The structure,border,changes of local choroidal vessels and RCA of CNV were more clearly displayed on ICGA performed by HRA2 than on FFA in patients with CEC.

Abstract:·AIM:To explore relevant extraocular causes of ophthalmoparalysis.METHODS:Routine ophthalmologic and ocular muscle examination were performed in 157 patients of ophthalmoparalysis to use prism,synoptophore and red glass test,etc.Biochemical examination of blood and imaging diagnosis(CT,MRI,DSA)were also included.RESULTS:For the 157 cases,the extraocular causes were mainly diabetes(23.6%),intracranial vascular diseases(18.5%),craniocerebral trauma(15.9%),viral infection(10.8%),thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(7.0%),encephalic tumor(4.5%),myasthenia gravis(1.9%),nasopharyngeal carcinoma(1.9%),etc.CONCLUSION:The causes of ophthalmoparalysis are complicated.For patients with binocular diplopia cannot be explained by ocuar diseases,the patients should be examined carefully with a complete body and eyes to determine the causes.

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate an effective treatment of craniofacial fracture patients in modern warfare for rapid recovery in normal face and physiological function.METHODS:Different parts of different pathological fractures were submitted to different treatment options:minimally invasive surgery,cosmetic incision and fixing method such as titanium mesh and plate were taken to different parts of the craniofacial fracture under the guidance of nasal endoscope;medical Earbrain cements(EC)was applied for reposition and fixation of craniofacial bone fragments.RESULTS:The patients could quickly return to normal face and physiological function after craniofacial fracture surgery.CONCLUSION:Different minimally invasive surgery,cosmetic incision and fixing method such as titanium mesh and plate endoscope-guidedly is a very effective method;application of EC for fracture reduction and fixation of craniofacial bone fragments can accelerate healing.

Abstract:·AIM:To compare the clinical efficacy of implantation of lead-type silicone tubes combined with or without laser treatment for lacrimal duct obstruction.METHODS:The patients were randomly divided into two groups,one group were implanted with lead-type silicone tube only(A group);another group underwent the laser treatment combined with implantation of lead-type silicone tube(B group).RESULTS:The cure rate of lead-type silicone tube implantation for lacrimal duct obstruction was 77.6%,the cure rate of laser treatment combined with lead-type silicone tube implantation for lacrimal duct obstruction was 87.5%.CONCLUSION:The laser treatment combined with lead-type silicone tube implantation has a higher cure rate of lacrimal duct obstruction,and more obvious advantages.

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the changes of tear secretion and tear film stability in patients with chronic renal failure(CRF).METHODS:The Results of Schirmer Ⅰ tests(SⅠt),tear film break-up time(BUT)and fluorescein sodium staining on the cornea performed in 48 patients 96 eyes with CRF were compared with those in the control group.RESULTS:Both SⅠt and BUT were significantly lower in the CRF group compared with the control group.Rate of fluorescein sodium staining on the cornea in the CRF group was significantly higher compared with that of the control group(t=-11.103,P<0.01;t=-10.807,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The CRF patients are found with decreased tear secretion and poor tear film stability,so they are susceptible persons of dry eye.

Abstract:·AIM:To explore the relationship of myopic children’s dominant eye,diopter,classes of eye and uncorrected visual acuity.METHODS:Totally 99 cases of children with their pupil back to normal after glasses were randomly selected after cycloplegic retinoscopy.The dominant eye was checked with hole-in-the-card test,classified and statistically analyzed.RESULTS:In 99 cases of myopic children,the right eye as the dominant eye,namely right type(R type)accounted for 66.7%(66/99),the difference was statistically significant(P=0.0001);when eye refraction was not equal,the eye of a relatively low refraction acted as the dominant eye in 42 cases(52.5%),there was no significant difference between the two types(P=0.527);when the eye refractive power was equal,the right eye as the dominant eye accounted for 68.4%,the difference was statistically significant(P= 0.0231);in 64 patients with different uncorrected visual acuity in both eyes,the eye of low visual acuity acted as the dominant eye in 34 eyes(53.1%),no significant difference between the two types(P=0.4795);in 35 cases of equal visual acuity in both eyes,right eye acted as dominant eye in 29 cases(82.9%),it was of highly statistically significant difference(χ2 = 30.2286,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The R type dominant eye is common in the eyes of myopic children.For the relevance of dominant eye refraction,and also uncorrected visual acuity level,the difference was not statistically significant.

Abstract:·AIM:To study the binocular vision in anisometropic amblyopia before and after treatment.METHODS:The stereoacuity and synoptophore III of 56 cases(103 eyes)with anisometropic amblyopia were examined before and after treatment.RESULTS:There was no significant difference in simultaneous vision;there were significant differences on stereopsis and fusion function before and after treatment.CONCLUSION:Anisometropic amblyopia may simultaneously affect the binocular vision development as well as the visual development,and the binocular vision may improve when the visual acuity increase,so improvement of the binocular vision should be regarded during the treatment of amblypia.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe and discuss the therapeutic efficacy of combining therapy for amblyopia in adolescents and older children.METHODS:A total of 90 cases(148 eyes)were randomly selected from the patients,which were treated with occlusion therapy,red light glitter,photogene,haidinger,meticulous homework,laser therapy and mind-cure in our hospital from August 2005 to January 2009.The 8-10 age group was of 114 eyes,11-13 age group of 24 eyes,and 14-16 age group of 10 eyes.The course of treatment was 30-750 days,the mean was 163 days.The data were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:Vision had raised 2 lines or more after the treatment,the effective rate was 93.3%.98 eyes’ corrected visual acuity arrived at 0.9,The recovery rate was 66.2%,the therapeutic efficacy of 8-10 age group was significantly different with that of 11-13 age group and 14-16 age group.CONCLUSION:The therapeutic efficacy of combining therapy for amblyopia in hobbledehoy and older children is affirmed,especially on establishing good visual function after treatment for central fixation amblyopia with ametropia.

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the treatment effect of monocular amblyopia of school-age children in Beijing Miyun country.METHODS:Seventy-one cases of monocular amblyopia from outpatient in 6-18 years old received comprehensive treatment.The treatment effectiveness observation and correlative analysis of age,type and extent of amblyopia were analyzed.RESULTS:In 71 cases,the recovery rate of monocular amblyopia in school-age children was 63%,and 24% for the progressive,and 13% for the invalid.CONCLUSION:The treatment effect of monocular amblyopia in school age children is better,and should be given active treatment.The treatment effect has the close relationship among age,type,extent and fixation in amblyopia.For 6-12 years old cases,anisometropia,mild and central fixation have favorably effect.

Abstract:·AIM:To study the influence of compliance on curative effect of amblyopia in children.METHODS:With 10g/L atropine optometry,and in accordance with the national uniform diagnostic criteria for amblyopia,178 eyes of 101 children with amblyopia who were admitted in eye clinic of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,including age,amblyopia type,degree of amblyopia and their relationship with compliance,and the relationship between curative effect and compliance were analyzed.RESULTS:The compliance of different age groups were significantly different(P<0.05),the compliance of the different types of amblyopia were significantly different(P<0.05),different degrees of amblyopia had no significant difference in compliance;of children with good compliance,the cure rate was significantly higher than that of poor compliance,with the statistical analysis of curative effect between the treatment groups of different compliance,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The curative effect is positively correlated with compliance,and attention should be paid.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the efficacy and safety of manual small incision cataract surgery(MSICS)in patients from the Republic of the Sudan.METHODS:Three hundreds patients(320 eyes)underwent MSICS with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation after excision of lens nucleus through tunnel incision.RESULTS:At the first day after operation,the uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)was≤0.1 in 16 eyes;0.2-0.5 in 256 eyes;>0.5 in 48 eyes.IOL implantation was performed in 304 eyes(95.0%).CONCLUSION:MSICS is worth being spread because of rapid postoperative recovery,less complication.

Abstract:·AIM:To study the posterior capsular opacification(PCO)after implantation of foldable intraocular lens(IOL)with different size of the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(CCC).METHODS:A total of 164 cases 196 eyes underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation.The visual acuity,relationship of capsulorhexis and IOL optic port and the incidence of PCO under different CCC after surgery were evaluated.Follow-up postoperatively for 12-26(average 16.3)months,the relation between two size of the CCC with PCO grade(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)after cataract surgery were studied.RESULTS:The percent of after cataract was 35.0%(42/120)in CCC with overall IOL,the CCC with no-overall IOL group was 53.9%(41/120).The incidence of after cataract was significant difference in the two groups.CONCLUSION:The size of the CCC is related to PCO,the CCC with overall IOL can reduce the occurrence of after cataract.

Abstract:·AIM:To research the treatment effects of internal double incisions phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy for glaucoma combined with cataract.METHODS:All of 35 cases 46 eyes diagnosed with glaucoma combined with cataract were treated.Phacoemulsification,intraocular lens(IOL)implantation and trabeculectomy were performed simultaneously using the same main incision and two different internal incisions.The follow-up time was from 1 to 6 months postoperatively.RESULTS:The mean intraocular pressure(IOP)preoperatively was 38.3(25-69)mmHg.Postoperatively the mean IOP was 15.6(8-28)mmHg.The range of preoperative vision was from light perception to 0.5.The postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was 0.02-1.0,including ≥0.5 in 21 eyes,≥0.3 in 34 eyes.CONCLUSION:Phacoemulsification,IOL implantation and trabeculectomy performed simultaneously using the same main incision and two different internal incisions can reduce the interaction and make use of incision effectively.It is safe and effective.

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the etiology of neovascular glaucoma(NVG)and provide help for clinical prevention and treatment.METHODS:A total of 120 cases 127 eyes diagnosed with NVG were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:The cause of NVG was as follows:central retinal vein occlusion was in 47 cases(39.2%),diabetic retinopathy in 31 cases,including 6 cases were binocular,central retinal arteriovenous occlusion in 3 cases,central retinal artery occlusion in 3 cases,carotid artery stenosis in 4 cases,periphlebitis of retina in 4 cases,1 case was binocular;3 cases were ocular injury,Coats’ disease in 2 cases,chronic uveitis in 2 cases,retinal detachment in 2 cases,acute retinal necrosis in 1 case,choroidal metastasis of lung cancer in 1 case and 17 cases were uncertain.CONCLUSION:As a kind of refractory glaucoma,NVG has complex etiology,the main cause is retinal ischemia.Central retinal vein occlusion and diabetic retinopathy are the major etiology of NVG.In addition it is necessary to examine the carotid artery stenosis.

Abstract:·AIM:To approach the method and skill of filtering operation for glaucoma under high intraocular pressure(IOP)and observe the curative effect.METHODS:All of 50 glaucoma patients with high IOP which was >40mmHg preoperatively.Trabeculectomy combined with peripheral iridectomy were performed in anterior chamber to decompress using MMC(0.2g/L or 0.4g/L)under scleral flap and fascia during operation.RESULTS:Followed-up for 3 months after operation,vision was improved in 26 cases,unchanged in 24 cases;IOP of 41 cases was <21mmHg;1 case received anterior vitrectomy and anterior chamber plastic operation because of occurring shallow anterior chamber at 1 week postoperatively;extraction of cataract,posterior capsule split and anterior chamber plastic operation were performed in 1 case;at 2 months postoperatively,2 cases received cyclophotocoagulation;IOP rised in 5 cases after 1 month,IOP was controlled under 21mmHg when they took 1-2 species hypotensive drugs.CONCLUSION:It is necessary to improve the filtering operation for success rate in glaucoma under high IOP.

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the impact of anxiety value on the vital sign of age-related macular degeneration(AMD)patients after lucentis treatmeant.METHODS:Thirty eyes of 30 patients with AMD were enrolled in the study.They were investigated in questionaire way and the results were compared with the average value of the whole country.The diversification of the rhythm of heart and blood pressure ten minutes before and after infection were measured.RESULTS:The scale of AMD patient was much higher than the average of the whole country.There was statistical significance between two groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The AMD patients are anxiety and their vital signs are affected before treatment.

Abstract:·AIM:To detect the clinical characters and classification of the congenital retinal vascular anomalies.METHODS:Eleven cases(16 eyes)of congenital retinal vascular anomalies were examined by ocular examination,fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA).RESULTS:The congenital retinal vascular anomalies were located at the posterior pole in all cases.Congenital retinal vascular anomalies were classified as follows:congenital huge retinal macrovessel(1 case 1 eye);congenital retinal venous beading(3 cases 6 eyes),congenital retinal arteriolar tortuosity(1 case 1 eye),congenital retinal arterio-venous microvessel(2 cases 4 eyes);and congenital prepapillary vascular loops(3 cases 3 eyes);congenital retinal macrovessel(1 case 1 eye).Four cases(4 eyes)were associated with spontaneous hemorrhage induced by physical exertion.CONCLUSION:Most of the congenital retinal anomalies are located at the posterior pole,involving arteries and veins,and can be associated with spontaneous hemorrhage induced by physical exertion.They should be differentiated from the diabetic retinopathy and other retinal vascular diseases.

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the correlation between anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(AION)and carotid artery stenosis.METHODS:All of 56 inpatients 62 eyes from Jan.2007 to Oct.2010 were retrospectively analyzed.The visual acuity,ocular fundus,visual field,fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA),CT and carotid color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI)were checked to explore the correlation between AION and carotid artery stenosis.RESULTS:All patients were diagnosed with AION.Among 56 patients,36 patients(64%)were with high blood pressure;29 patients(52%)were with diabetics;23 patients(41%)were with hyperlipemia;30 patients(54%)were with carotid artery stenosis for atherosclerosis.CONCLUSION:There is strong correlation between carotid artery stenosis and AION.It is necessary to examine carotid atrery stenosis with carotid CDFI for patients with AION.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the therapeutic effects of limbal epithelial stem cell autograft transplantation in the treatment of primary pterygium.METHODS:The transplantation of autologous limbal epithelial stem cell was performed in 107 eyes of 94 primary pterygium patients aged from 46 to 72 years old,who hospitalized in our hospital during April 2007 to December 2008.The postoperative follow-up was 6 to 24 months.RESULTS:During the follow-up period,3 eyes recurred(2.8%)without serious complications.CONCLUSION:Limbal epithelial stem cell autograft transplantation is effective in the treatment of primary pterygium·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the clinical effect of corneal stem cell autogaft transplantion in the treatment of pterygium.METHODS:A total of 48 cases 69 eyes diagnosed with pterygium were treated with corneal limbal stem cell transplantation.Postoperative reaction,the vitality of grfats and recurrence of pterygium were observed.RESULTS:All cases had transient stimulation,the grafts grew well without recurrence during follow-up period of 24 months.CONCLUSION:Corneal limbal stem cell transplantation has fairly good effect in the treatment of pterygium.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the clinical effects of mitomycin C(MMC)on recurrent pterygium excision combined with corneal limbal stem cell transplantation.METHODS:The radical excision of recurrent pterygium was performed in 98 cases 98 eyes.The conjunctival flap with corneal limbal stem cell was transplanted into sclera and 0.2g/L MMC was used during operation.RESULTS:There was slight response after operation and the recurrence rate was 2%.CONCLUSION:The MMC applied in pterygium excision combined with corneal limbal stem cell transplantation is safe and effective.This method can rebuild the structure and function of corneal limbal,it has low recurrent rate and is worthy to be popularized.

Abstract:·AIM:To discuss two different surgical treatments and effects for pterygium.METHODS:The patients were divided into two groups.25 patients with pterygium surgical excision combined with mitomycin C treatment were in group A,10 patients treated with autologous conjunctival limbal stem cell transplantation and corneal limbal stem cell transplantation in group B.The corneal wound healing,conjunctival wound healing,and recurrence of pterygium were observed.RESULTS:In group A,the recovery of corneal epithelium occurred 3-7 days after surgery,conjunctival congestion was subsided 10-15 days after surgery,and 3 cases recurred.In group B,the recovery of corneal epithelium occurred 2 days after surgery,conjunctival congestion was subsided 7-10 days postoperatively,and 1 case was recurrent.CONCLUSION:Pterygium excision combined with mitomycin and autologous conjunctival limbal stem cell transplantation and corneal limbal stem cell transplantation can reduce the recurrence rate of pterygium.The conjunctival and corneal limbal stem cell transplantation is better compared with pterygium excision combined with mitomycin.

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the treatment of hyphema caused by ocular contusion.METHODS:The clinical data of 60 cases with traumatic hyphema were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS:Hyphema was absorbed in 52 cases 3-10 days after conservative treatment,in 8 cases after anterior chamber puncture.2 cases underwent trabeculectomy because of angle recession glaucoma,2 cases were treated by cataract surgery for traumatic cataract.CONCLUSION:Traumatic hyphema have a good clinical effect with the reasonable treatment.After the blood was absorbed,the complications should be treated.

Abstract:·AIM:To compare the effect of nasolacrimal duct stent placement and dacryocystorhinostomy for chronic dacryocystitis.METHODS:From February 2008 to February 2010,44 patients with chronic dacryocystitis were examined in our hospital.All paitients were divided into two groups,group A(22 cases)was treated with nasolacrimal duct stent placement;group B(22 cases)received dacryocystorhin-ostomy.The intraoperative and postoperative complications and treatment effects were compared.Follow-up period was from 3 to 6 months postoperatively.The effective evaluation was improvement of epiphora and unobstructed irrigation of lacrimal passage.RESULTS:The postoperatively successful rate of nasolacrimal duct stent placement was 91%,the effective rate was 86%;The postoperatively successful rate of dacryocystorhinostomy was 100%,the effective rate was 82%.CONCLUSION:Nasolacrimal duct stent placement has higher postoperatively effective rate and lower postoperatively successful rate.

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the effects of vitrectomy in the treatment of complicated ocular trauma.METHODS:The clinical data of 21 cases of complicated ocular trauma treated with vitrectomy were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:Postoperative visual acuity was improved in 13 eyes(62%).The successful rate of the extraction of intraocular foreign bodies was 100%.The successful rate of the retinal reposition was 100%.CONCLUSION:Vitrectomy is the most effective method to treat the complicated ocular trauma at present,it can save the affected eyes and recover useful vision.

Abstract:·AIM:To discuss treatment method and clinical curative effect of traumatic hyphema.METHODS:The treatment and effects of 90 cases of traumatic hyphema from January 2000 to December 2007 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Treatment was bandaging eyes,semi-supine,rest,application of hemostatic agents,mannitol,corticosteroids,neurotrophic agents,the necessary surgical treatment.Blood absorption time,complications,and vision were observed.RESULTS:A total of 88 cases of hyphema absorption were in 3-16 days,2 cases were of blood-stained cornea.After hyphema absorption,vision was <0.1 in 6 cases,0.1 to 0.3 in 9 cases,0.4 to 0.9 in 29 cases,≥ 1.0 in 46 cases.CONCLUSION:Vision recovery degree of traumatic hyphema is related with blood volume,contusion extent,the number of complications and therapy.

Abstract:·AIM:To study the methods of reducing dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)in myopic eyes.METHODS:LASIK was performed in 1311 myopic eyes.The symptoms of dry eye preoperatively and 1 week,1 month,3 and 6 months after operation were observed,fluorescein staining(FL),Schirmer Ⅰ test,tear break-up time(BUT)were performed.RESULTS:Dry eye occurred at percentage of 45.0% 1 week,31.7% 1 month,15.1% 3 months and 4.1% 6 months after the operation for preoperative dry-eye group.For preoperative non-dry-eye group,the percentage was 32.8% 1 week,19.5% 1 month,8.1% 3 months and 1.9% 6 months after the operation.CONCLUSION:Dry eye can be prevented and treated effectively by preoperative screening and drug intervention.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the effect of anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle on dissociated vertical deviation(DVD)with inferior oblique muscle overaction.METHODS:A total of 8 cases 11 eyes diagnosed as DVD with inferior oblique muscle overaction were observed in this study.The inferior oblique muscle was transposed to 2mm anterior or in line with the temporal border of the inferior rectus insertion in all patients;the horizontal rectus muscle was operated on for horizontal strabismus in 5 cases.RESULTS:The inferior oblique muscle overaction was eliminated in all cases,6 eyes with 1+ and 2 of 3 eyes with 2+ degree of DVD had no evidence of DVD,1 of 3 eyes with 2+ and 1 of 2 eyes with 3+ degree of DVD had 1+ degree of DVD,1 of 2 eyes with 3+ degree of DVD had 2+ degree of DVD.CONCLUSION:Anterior transposition of the inferior oblique is an effective method for DVD with inferior oblique muscle overaction and no side effect has been observed.

Abstract:·AIM:To observe effect of wearing glasses or not on the development of early true low myopia.METHODS:This retrospective study included patients aged 8-12 years old in school from 2007 to 2009.The patients who had complete case record were chosen at first visit to our hospital.Diopter was between-0.50DS and-2.00DS.They were divided into 2 groups,both with cycloplegic mydriasis medical optometry.Group 1:no wearing glasses group(24 eyes);group 2:wearing glasses group(28 eyes),the development of myopia were compared with Student’s t-test in two groups.RESULTS:Degree of myopia was increased to-2.07±0.52D in the first group,that in the second group was-1.49±0.48D,the difference was significant(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The development of myopia is rapid if myope do not wear glasses.People with more than-0.50D of myopia should wear glasses to see farther,which can improve retinal image quality,so parents can get rid of misunderstanding of no wearing glasses for myopia.

Abstract:·AIM:To compare clinical significance of the phoroptor and compound tropicamide eye drops in optometry of juvenile myopes aged 12 to 16.METHODS:From January to September in 2009,100 juvenile myopes(200 eyes)aged 12-16(mean age 14.5,male 80 eyes,female 120 eyes)were included in this study.Their diopter was 0.50-4.50DS,astigmatism was 0.50-2.00DC and examinations were performed to exclude ophthalmopathy.The results of the phoroptor and compound tropicamide eye drops in optometry were compared.RESULTS:The mean diopter for phoroptor was-1.68±0.80D.After compound tropicamide eye drops cycloplegic refraction the mean diopter was-1.54±0.80D.The results of optometry for phoroptor was higher than that of compound tropicamide eye drops mydriasis,the difference was significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:For 12-16 years old newly diagnosed juvenile myopes,the compound tropicamide eye drops should be widely used in clinical application,as the optometry result of the compound tropicamide eye drops is more reliable than phoroptor.