Abstract:AIM:To compare one-site vs two-site phacotrabe-culectomy in chronic angle-closure glaucoma(CACG)coexisting with cataract.METHODS:This prospective,randomized study included 41 eyes with CACG.One-site approach was performed in 21 eyes and two-site procedure in 20 eyes.Intraocular pressure(IOP),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),the number of antiglaucoma medications and complications were observed.All patients were followed up for 9 months.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the two groups preoperatively.IOP decreased from 22.7±4.9mmHg and 23.7±4.7mmHg preoperatively in one-and two-site groups to 18.0±1.2mmHg and 16.7±1.1mmHg 9 months after operation respectively(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in mean IOP between the two groups at any time(P>0.05).Decrease of the number of antiglaucoma medications and BCVA improvement were similar in both groups 9 months after surgery(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in complications between the two surgical procedures.CONCLUSION:There were no significant differences between the two groups in clinical efficacy and complications.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the higher-order aberrations between implantations of AcrySof and AcrySof ReStor multifocal aspherical intraocular lens(IOL)with various pupil diameters.METHODS:Fifty-four patients(62 eyes)with bilateral senile cataracts were retrospectively selected.Patients were operated with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.They were divided into two groups based on the IOL implantation of AcrySof IQ and AcrySof ReStor.Wave front aberration:spherical aberration(C12)and the root mean square of the total higher-order aberration(RMSh)were observed 3 months after surgery.RESULTS:The larger the pupil was,the higher the C12 and RMSh were in the eyes(P<0.01).There were no statistical differences in C12 or RMSh between two groups at 5,6 or 7mm pupil diameters(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:There are no differences between AcrySof IQ group and AcrySof ReStor group at 5,6 or 7mm pupil diameters.

Abstract:AIM:To study the association of serum insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)with diabetic retinopathy.METHODS:Serum IGF-1 levels were measured in 25 pregnant diabetic patients and 25 pregnant non-diabetic patients who were matched for age,ethnicity,parity and period of gestation.Fundus examination was performed in both groups at 28,32 and 36 weeks of gestation.RESULTS:The serum IGF-1 level was significantly elevated in pregnant diabetics compared to pregnant non-diabetics [366±199μg/L vs 184±89μg/L(P=0.0001)at 24 weeks,535±251μg/L vs 356±89μg/L(P=0.007)at 32 weeks and 404±166μg/L vs 264±113μg/L(P=0.003)at 36 weeks of gestation].The pregnant diabetics with established diabetes had significantly higher IGF-1 level than gestational diabetes at 28,32 and 36 weeks of gestation.The serum IGF-1 level in pregnant diabetics with retinopathy was significantly higher than in those without retinopathy at all periods of gestation.CONCLUSION:Increased serum IGF-1 in pregnancy may increase the risks for retinopathy.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the potentially beneficial clinical effects of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)combined with photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy(DR).METHODS:Chinese patients with DR were divided into two groups.A joint treatment group received both the TCM ziyinliangxuesanyutang and photocoagulation,while a control group received only photocoagulation laser treatment.Visual acuity tests,visual field retinal sensitivity tests,and fundus fluorescein angiography(to measure neovascular regression)were performed.Vision was compared between the two groups 1 month,6,and 12 months after treatment.RESULTS:Twelve months after treatment,the recovery of visual acuity(62.3% vs 43.1%,P=0.037)and retinal sensitivity [17.0±3.7 decibels(dB)vs 14.9±3.7dB,P=0.002] as well as neovascular regression(67.2% vs 48.3%,P=0.036)in the joint treatment group were all significantly greater than that of the control group.CONCLUSION:Compared with laser treatment alone,the joint application of TCM and photocoagulation is shown to be more effective than DR treatment method.

Abstract:AIM:To report a male patient with Pickwickian syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)who presented with pseudotumor cerebri and visual loss.METHODS:Case report.RESULES:A 54-year-old obese man with a three-month history of bilateral visual deterioration was evaluated.His visual acuity was 20/200 in OD and 20/400 in OS.Color vision was impaired only in the left eye.Funduscopy revealed bilateral disc edema and peripapillary hemorrhages together with macular exudates in OS.Physical examination and laboratory investigations were consistent with OSA and Pickwickian syndrome.Lumbar puncture demonstrated an opening pressure of 350mm H2O and computed brain scan was normal.The diagnosis was pseudotumor cerebri in association with OSA and Pickwickian syndrome.Fundus findings and visual acuity improved with phlebotomy,blood pressure regulation,weight reduction and bi-level positive airway pressure therapy.CONCLUSION:OSA and Pickwickian syndrome should be kept in mind when facing a patient with pseudotumor cerebri.

Abstract:AIM:To detect the pathogenic gene in a four-generation family with autosomal dominant congenital cataract.METHODS:Fifteen members of the family(including eight affected and seven unaffected individuals)were enrolled into the study.The fifteen individuals underwent full ophthalmological and clinical examinations to rule out any concomitant disorders.Blood samples were collected from all the 15 subjects for genomic DNA preparation.Microsatellite markers which were near the reported loci to be associated with autosomal dominant congenital cataract were selected,and amplified from each DNA sample using polymerase chain reactions(PCR).Then the PCR products were separated and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Location analysis was performed by linkage analysis,Lod scores of possibly linkaged markers were calculated.According to the allele and the relation between family members,the family haplotype was constructed artificially.For the ascertained domain in the chromatosome,gene sequencing was performed to identify the mutation.RESULTS:The phenotype of the family is perinuclear cataract.The Lod scores were 2.71 in the polymorphic microsatellite markers on 17q11-12 and all the affected had the same allele,indicating that there was linkage between these microsatellite markers and congenital cataract related genes in this family.Gene sequencing did not found CRYBA1/A3 mutation.CONCLUSION:The pathogenic mutation is not caused by the mutation of the exons and untranslated region in CRYBA1/A3.There may be other gene mutation or mechanism leading to the morbility of this autosomal dominant congenital cataract.

Abstract:AIM:To study the effect of donor IL-10 modified dendritic cells(DC)for providing theoretical and practical basis for anti-rejection of corneal transplantation.METHODS:Wistar rats were used as donors,and SD rats were used as recipients.The recipient was injected by tail vein with donor IL-10-treated DC or with untreated DC.Keratoplasty was performed after three days and the survival time of corneal allografts was observed.Animals were randomly assigned to the following three groups:(A)control,(B)DC,(C)IL-10-DC.RESULTS:The mean survival time in the control group was merely 10.1±1.7 days,but in the pretreated groups was 17.8±1.8 days and 26.4±1.6 days respectively which was statistically prolonged compared with the control groups(P<0.01),and comparison within the two pretreated groups was significantly different(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:It is indicated that pretreatment with donor immature DC could markedly prolong the survival time of corneal allografts.And IL-10-modified DC can further extend the rat corneal allografts.

Abstract:AIM:To study the effect of mobile microwave on the expression of HSP70 in the lens of rat in vitro.METHODS:HSP70 expression was detected by ELISA and immunohistochemistry after the lenses of rats were cultivated in MEM culture medium.RESULTS:The expression of HSP70 in the mobile microwave groups was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Mobile microwave can induce the expression of HSP70 in the lens of rat and cause cataract.

Abstract:AIM:To obtain the inhibititive effects of spironolactone(SL)on corneal neovascularization(CRNV)induced by alkali burn in rats.METHODS:Totally 42 SD rats were divided into three groups randomly,6 rats were in normal group;CRNV models induced by alkali burn were established on the other 36 SD rats,which were randomly divided into study group and control group,18 in each group.Study group was treated orally with SL(100mg/kg)and control group was treated with the same volume of normal saline,once a day by gastric intubation.The area of CRNV was observed and calculated by slit-lamp microscope at the 4th,7th and 14th day.RESULTS:The rats of control group appeared new vascular buds on 4th day,its growth velocity was quick and became a net on the 14 day.The CRNV of study group was smaller and its growth velocity was slow.Compared with control group,the CRNV area of study group was significant smaller(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:SL can inhibit the occurrence of CRNV.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the relationship between the expression of Fas/FasL and the cell apoptosis in retinal ischemia reperfusion(IR)injury of rats,as well as the therapeutic effects of α-lipoic acid in the ischemic retina.METHODS:The models of retinal IR injury were made by transient elevating intraocular pressure.A total of 54 rats were divided into normal group,IR injury group and α-lipoic acid treatment group.The latter two groups were subdivided into 12,24,48 and 72 hours groups.The number of retinal ganglion cells and the thickness of the inner retinal layers were detected by HE staining method.Apoptosis was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling method,and the expression of Fas/FasL was studied by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The thickness of the inner retinal layers thinned and the number of retinal ganglion cells decreased in IR injury group.There was a significant number of TUNEL positive cells 12 hours after transient ischemia followed by a decrease at the 48 hour.The expression of Fas and FasL was in coincidence with apoptosis.In treatment group,the thickness of the inner retinal layers and the number of retinal ganglion cells reduced.Apoptosis of retina and expression of Fas and FasL were obviously lower than that in IR injury group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:α-lipoic acid can rescue retinal IR injury through downregulation of the expression of Fas/FasL.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the expression of matrix metall-oproteinases(MMP)in pterygium.METHODS:The expression differences of MMP-2,MMP-7 and MMP-9 between human pterygium and the normal conjunctiva tissue were compared with immunohistochemical technique.RESULTS:MMP-2,MMP-7 and MMP-9 were expressed on all layers of pterygium.MMP-2 and MMP-7 were strongly expressed in hemoendothelial layer and squamous epithelium.MMP-9 was expressed in hemoendothelial layer.The positive expression of MMP-2,MMP-7 and MMP-9 in pterygium was stronger than that in the normal conjunctiva tissue(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Over-expression of MMP may play an important role in the pathogenesis and relapse of pterygium.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the structure changes of sclera and determine the expression of TGF-β2 in the sclera of the model.METHODS:A facemask was worn on the right eyes of guinea pigs to develop form deprivation myopia.Before and after experiment,refraction was measured using retinoscope,and the ocular axial was determined by A-scan ultrasonography.Morphologic alterations of the posterior sclera were observed by light microsope.The expression of TGF-β2 in the posterior sclera was determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Posterior sclera of myopic eyes became thinner,and collagen fibres were disordered,fibers diameters were dissimilarity,the space between the fibres was larger,the parallel structure was illegible.The immunohistochemisty showed that expression of TGF-β2 in model eyes were lower than control eyes(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Covering eyes with facemasks is effective,simple and convenient in making myopic model.The sclera of the model eye appeared degeneration.TGF-β2 plays an important role in the course of development in form deprivation myopia.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate related factors,prevention and treatment measures of intraocular lens(IOL)displacement or dislocation in cataract extraction and posterior chamber IOL implantation.METHODS:IOL displacement or dislocation enrolled into our hospital from February 2009 to May 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.The main record included the cataract condition,discovery time of displacement or dislocation of IOL,the symptoms and signs,treatment and visual acuity before and after treatment.RESULTS:Displacement or dislocation of lens was recorded in 27 patients with 27 eyes,among which 17 eyes were combined with other ocular diseases complicated cataract.Discovery time of displacement or dislocation was postoperative 1 day-14 years.Varying degrees of posterior capsule rupture was recorded in 12 eyes;anterior capsule tear in 5 eyes,a larger capsulorhexis in 3 eyes,small circular capsulorhexis with organized contraction and opacification of anterior capsule in 1 eye;postoperative history of ocular trauma in 6 eyes.27 patients were treated by reoperation and followed up for 10.23±2.10(3-16)months.Uncorrected visual acuity was better than that of before surgery,the difference was statistically significant(T=-0.327,P=0.001);compared with before surgery,best-corrected visual acuity after surgery was of no significant difference(T=-0.611,P=0.541).CONCLUSION:The complexity of the eye disease,posterior capsule rupture,poor anterior capsule capsulorhexis,postoperative ocular trauma are the important impact factors of displacement or dislocation of IOL.Skilled surgical technique,proper treatment of intraoperative complications are key to prevent displacement or dislocation of IOL.IOL position adjusting or suspension surgery is an effective way to deal with displaced or dislocated IOL.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the biometry measurements of IOL-Master and A-scan ultrasound in patients with cataract surgery,and analyze its clinical significance.METHODS:Dynamic observation was conducted in 84 eyes of 70 cataract patients by same operator.Measurements were made before and 14 days after the operation by IOL-Master optical instrument(Carl Zeiss)and Ultrascan Digital 2000 contact ultrasound A-scan(Alcon),respectively,which included axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),and crystal thickness.Simultaneously,a prospective comparison of measurements was made by A-scan ultrasound in sitting and decubitus position.RESULTS:ACD:(1)Average depth of postoperation increased by 28.41% compared with that before operation.The operational devation of ACDs was correlated with crystal thickness positively(r=0.396,P=0.002,n=58),Linear analog representation showed that the operational devation of ACD=0.445×crystal thickness-1.207(mm);(2)There was no statistical significance of ACDs before and after operation measured by A-scan ultrasound in sitting and decubitus position(P=0.264,n=57;P=0.663,n=44);(3)The preoperation ACD values measured by the IOL-Master was deeper than that measured by A-scan ultrasound(P<0.01,n=29),mean value by A-scan ultrasound:2.75±0.57mm,mean value by the IOL-Master:2.96±0.61mm,difference in values was-0.21±0.29mm,95%CI:(-0.32-0.10mm);(4)The postoperation ACD values given by the IOL-Master was deeper than that by A-scan ultrasound(P=0.002,n=41),mean value by A-scan ultrasound:3.46±0.46mm,mean value by the IOL-Master:3.79±0.65mm,difference in values was-0.33±0.63mm,95%CI:(-0.53-0.14mm);(5)There was no statistical significance of ACD changes before and after operation measured by A-scan ultrasound and IOL-Master respectively(P=0.619,n=19).AL:(1)The ALs before and after operation were not significantly different(P=0.079,n=58);(2)Before and after operation,the difference of AL values measured by A-scan ultrasound in sitting and decubitus position both were not significant(P=0.934,n=57;P=0.196,n=44);(3)Before and after operation,the difference of AL values measured by the IOL-Master and by A-scan ultrasound both were not significant(P=0.175,n=17;P=0.248,n=31).CONCLUSION:The postoperative average depth increased by 28.41% than preoperative,and the operational devation of ACDs was correlated with crystal thickness positively.The biometry measurements of IOL-Master and A-scan ultrasound in patients with cataract surgery was same except ACDs.In addition,different measuring positions have no influence on the result of A-scan ultrasound measure.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate and compare outcomes between phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis and trabeculectomy in the management of primary acute angle-closure glaucoma.METHODS:This study was a prospective observational series of fifty-eight eyes of fifty-eight patients.There were twenty-nine eyes in each group.Group A were treated with phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis after the intraocular pressure(IOP)was controlled;group B were treated with trabeculectomy after appropriate medical treatment.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central anterior chamber depth,grading of chamber angle,and IOP were measured preoperatively and at day 1,day 3,month 1,month 3,month 6 and month 12 postoperatively.RESULTS:There were statistically significant differences in BCVA 1 month and 6 months postoperatively(higher than in group A).1 month postoperatively anterior chamber angles in group A were wider than that in group B.There were no statistically significant differences in IOP preoperatively and 1 month,3,6 months postoperatively between the two groups.Statistically significant differences were observed in IOP 1 day,3 days postoperatively between the two groups.All of IOP in both groups were less than 21mmHg.CONCLUSION:Phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis may be an effective treatment option for primary angle-closure glaucoma responsive to medical therapy.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the effect of retinal cryocoagulation and cyclocryotherapy and trabeculectomy with the effect of retinal cryocoagulation and cyclocryotherapy and panretinal photocoagulation for neovascular glaucoma.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 69 cases 71 eyes from January 2006 to April 2010 in the First Hospital of China Medical University.37 cases 37 eyes were treated with retinal cryocoagulation and cyclocryotherapy and trabeculectomy,32 cases 34 eyes were treated with retinal cryocoagulation and cyclocryotherapy and panretinal photocoagulation.Visual acuity,intraocular pressure,the degradation of iris neovascularization and complications were observed before and after treatment.RESULTS:Visual acuity,intraocular pressure,the degradation of iris neovascularization and complications of the two groups were significantly different between before and after treatment.But the complications of panretinal photocoagulation group were significantly fewer than trabeculectomy group.CONCLUSION:The two methods have significant effects for neovascular glaucoma,but panretinal photocoagulation group has a lower incidence of postoperative complications.

Abstract:AIM:To score disc damage likelihood scale(DDLS)in primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)using Heidelberg retina tomography-Ⅲ(HRT-Ⅲ)and to determine if DDLS score is better than cup/disc ratio(C/D)values in reflecting the extent of visual field defects in POAG.METHODS:A total of 56 POAG patients were included in this study.It was in double-blind case to determine C/D values.After the OCTOPUS-900 perimeter(G2-TOP)and HRT-Ⅲ examination,the value of vision mean defect(MD)were recorded.According to the topographic map of HRT-Ⅲ,DDLS score of the optic disc for subjects was gained.Results were evaluated with Pearsons correlation coefficient.RESULTS:Large optic disc(optic disc area of 3.09-3.43mm2)of 9 eyes,medium-sized disc(2.41-2.67mm2)34 eyes and small optic disc(1.64-1.81mm2)13 eyes were included in the analysis.DDLS was strongly associated with MD(total:Pearson r=0.916,P<0.01;large disc:Pearson r=0.850,P=0.0037,medium-sized optic disc:Pearson r=0.934,P<0.01;small disc:Pearson r=0.912,P<0.01).C/D had moderate correlation with the MD(total:Pearson r=0.676,P<0.01;large disc:Pearson r=0.472,P=0.199,medium-sized disc:Pearson r=0.682,P<0.01;small disc:Pearson r=0.788,P=0.0014).CONCLUSION:Using HRT-Ⅲ to do DDLS staging for POAG optic disc has better grade in the extent of optic nerve damage than the C/D.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the influence of corneal biomechanical properties on intraocular pressure(IOP)measurements of the glaucoma patients.METHODS:The study included 121 eyes of 80 cases.All cases underwent IOP evaluation with the ocular response analyzer(ORA)and Goldmann applanation tonometry(GAT),and central corneal thickness(CCT)was measured with Orbscan Ⅱ.RESULTS:The mean IOPcc was 17.41±5.62mmHg;the mean GAT was 15.76±6.06mmHg.IOPcc was significantly associated with corneal hysteresis(CH)and GAT(P=0.000);IOPcc was not associated with CCT.CONCLUSION:For glaucoma patients,the mean IOPcc is higher than the mean GAT.The IOPcc tends to be higher,while the CH is lower.The IOPcc is not influenced by CCT.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the image characteristics and clinical application of the spectral domain optical coherence tomography(3D-OCT)in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane(IERM).METHODS:A total of 59 cases 71 eyes of IERM were reviewed in this study.3D-OCT scanning was performed in all the patients and the parameters were analyzed.Morphological changes of macula zone from IERM were recorded.RESULTS:IERM was visible on 3D-OCT appeared as high reflective tissues,which were thin or thick,and contiguous to or anterior to the retinal surface.In most fovea,the depth decreased and the thickness increased.IERM disappeared after operation.Macular morphological changes were categorized into types of lamellarmacular hole(LMH),macular pseudohole(MPH),macular edema(ME)or foveal cyst(FC)and normal according to the findings of 3D-OCT.18 of 71 eyes were found with LMH,ME or FC,17 eyes with MPH,15 eyes with ME,16 eyes with FC,and 5 eyes were normal in studied patients.CONCLUSION:3D-OCT can display the macular epiretinal membrane and the pathological changes of macular tissues before and after operation.3D-OCT can provide accurate information on the clinical diagnosis and operative efficacy of IERM.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the effect of xueshuantong complex capsule and pancreokinin on nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR).METHODS:There were 90 patients in our study,randomly divided into xueshuantong complex capsule group,pancreokinin group and combined treatment group.The course of treatment was 12 weeks.Patients’ visual acuity(VA)and ocular fundus were observed before and after drug treatment,the changes were compared.The results of quantitative indicators were dealed with the use of SAS statistical software,any differences in efficacy were analyzed.RESULTS:In this study,xueshuantong complex capsule was applied in the treatment of 30 cases 60 eyes,and effective in 43 eyes with efficiency of 71.6%;pancreokinin in 30 cases 60 eyes,effective in 46 eyes with efficiency of 76.6%;combined treatment in 30 cases 60 eyes,effective in 55 eyes with efficiency of 91.6%.After statistical analysis,application of xueshuantong complex capsule and pancreokinin treatment for NPDR were effective,the two groups showed no differences.Comparison between simple application and joint applications had statistical differences.CONCLUSION:In the early treatment of NPDR,the xueshuantong complex capsule and pancreokinin are valid,their joint applications can offer a better effect.We come to the conclusion that traditional Chinese combined with Western medicine treatment of NPDR is a better way.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate far contrast sensitivity function before and after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK).METHODS:With test chart,far contrast sensitivity was measured in randomly selected 58 subjects 112 eyes before,1 month and 3 months after LASIK.The patients were assigned to three different groups according to the mean spherical equivalent.Mean spherical equivalent of low/moderate myopia group was under-6.00D,average(-4.22±1.24)DS,mean spherical equivalent of high myopia group was-6.00--9.00 D,average(-6.98±1.42)DS,and mean spherical equivalent of superhigh myopia group was over-9.00 D,average(-10.88±1.36)DS.The contrast sensitivity was measured at 1.5,3.0,6.0,12.0 and 18.0 cycles per degree(c/d)spatial frequency respectively and comparison was made in them.RESULTS:There was a general reduction in far contrast sensitivity of superhigh myopia in all spatial frequencies at postoperative 1 month compared with the preoperative contrast sensitivity.The group(<6.00D)preoperative and postoperative contrast sensitivity did not differ at 1 month in all spatial frequency.Descendent rates of far contrast sensitivity in superhigh myopia group were larger than that in low/moderate myopia group at 3.0,12.0c/d(P<0.01),and that in superhigh myopia group were larger than that of in high myopia group at 18.0c/d(P<0.01).There were no siginificant difference between three groups three months after LASIK(P>0.05),and far contrast sensitivity was near preoperational level.CONCLUSION:One month after LASIK,the higher myopia has obvious decrease of far contrast sensitivity.

Abstract:AIM:To learn the current situation of teenagers’ eyesight and discuss the influence factors of vision loss so as so promote the work of better visual acuity protection and myopia prevention in teenagers.METHODS:An investigation on the eyesight,myopia and related factors of 2480 teenagers was conducted in Lianyungang city from May to August in 2009.Different grade student vision changes were analyzed,and family history,reading and surfing harmful habits with grouping antitheses were compared.RESULTS:The grade of the students was negatively correlated with the vision(r=-0.98),while positively correlated with myopia rate(r=0.985).On the aspect of history,reading and surfing harmful habit,the proportion of number in the myopia group was higher than that in the emmetropia group.CONCLUSION:The eyesight of teenagers declines as their grades become higher,while the myopia rate rises.History,reading and surfing harmful habit may be parts of the reasons for visual acuity declining;The unstability of tear films possibly correlates with the myopia rate.Correlation between gender and eyesight was unseen in the survey.Among those influencing factors,surfing harmful habit has ranked the first.

Abstract:Retinal pigment degeneration is a common genetic disorder that generally involves both eyes and ultimately leads to blindness.At present there is no clinically effective treatments.In recent years,considerable progress has been made in retinal pigment degeneration of gene therapy,growth factor treatment,retina transplantation and artificial retina,etc.In addition,classic drug therapy and traditional medical treatment also have new exploration.Now the development and research status in treatment of retinal pigment degenerative disease are reviewed in this paper.

Abstract:Tissue engineering(TE)is an interdisciplinary science,including medical biology,engineering design,materials science and other disciplines.In recent years,researchers have made great progress in seed cells,scaffold materials and 3D tissue reconstruction.TE cornea is a promising treatment for corneal disease.In this article,we review recent research advances on TE cornea,and explore the existing problems and further development in the field.

Abstract:Congenital microphthalmia is a rare complex condition which is often associated with a wide range of spectrum of developmental abnormality and subsequently clinical severity,cataract surgery is technically needed in these patients,and special attention must be given to preparing the intraocular lens for implantation after cataract extraction.We present the current state of these studies.

Abstract:This article summarizes the latest research progress of pneumatic trabeculoplasty(PNT),a non-invasive pressure control treatment,and discusses its principle,usage,validity and security so as to provide reference.

Abstract:Glaucoma is the second most common cause of irreversible blindness in the world.Glaucoma filtration surgery is the main treatment for glaucoma patients with intraocular pressure poorly controlled by drugs.Ideal functional filtering bleb is an important sign of success of the glaucoma filtration surgery.It is important to preserve the filtering bleb’s function by maintaining earlier filtering bleb and repairing dysfunctional filtering bleb.This review focuses on the maintenance of earlier filtering bleb and the repair of malfunction filtering bleb which is effective after glaucoma filtration surgery.

Abstract:Uveal effusion syndrome(UES)is a kind of syndrome characterized by vorticose vein return disorder and/or choroidal vascular permeability increase leading to ciliochoroidal detachment,serous retinal detachment and other fundus represents.In the past,the understanding of UES was very insufficient and the missed and incorrect diagnosis took place easily,and the treatment was very difficult.This review searches recent references and analyzes its etiology,pathogenesis,clinical typing,diagnosis features,treatment and prognosis.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the clinical curative effect of TCM(traditional Chinese medicine)combined with WM(western medicine)treatment on herpes simplex keratitis(HSK).METHODS:A total of 62 cases(67eyes)of patients with HSK were treated by TCM combined with WM.RESULTS:Of the 62 cases(67 eyes),cure rate was 79%;total effective rate was 93%;invalid rate was 7%.CONCLUSION:TCM combined with WM treatment on HSK is an effective method,has important clinical value without obvious side effect.

Abstract:AIM:To study clinical outcomes of the traditional Chinese medicine combined with laser for diabetic retinopathy.METHODS:A total of 30 cases 36 eyes with retinopathy were randomly divided into observation group(traditional Chinese medicine combined with laser group)and control group(laser group).Observation group of 15 patients(17 eyes)and control group of 15 patients(19 eyes)were treated for 1-2 years.Before and after treatment,visual acuity and retinal lesions in all patients were observed,recorded and statistically analyzed.RESULTS:The improvement of visual acuity and fundus was better in observation group than the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Traditional Chinese medicine combined with laser for diabetic retinopathy is a feasible and effective way.

Abstract:AIM:To determine the prevalence and development of astigmatism in 30-39 years old people in Hubei and find out the relationship between its change rule and different myopic degree.METHODS:A total of 786 patients(30-39 years old)were randomly selected in Hubei and the relationship between the diopters and axes of astigmatism was analzed.RESULTS:Among the 30-39 years old dwellers in the Hubei area,astigmatism of 25-150 degree in each myopic degree section accounted for the largest percentage,in high myopia section of male group,it accounted for about 84.6%,in moderate myopia section about 80.1%,in low-degree myopia section about 81.1%;in high myopia section of female group,it accounted for about 74.2%,in moderate myopia section about 77.3%,in low-degree myopia section approximately 82.9%.The difference between 30-39 year-old men and women in each myopic degree group with the rule astigmatism percentage was not statistically significant.30-39 year-old women’s total with the rule astigmatism percentage was higher than men overall.The difference between 30-39 year-old men’s and women’s each myopic degree groups with 0-200 astigmatism percentage was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION:Among 30-39 years old dwellers in Hubei area,astigmatism in 25-150 degree accounts for the largest percentage in each myopic degree section.30-39 year-old women’s total with the rule astigmatism percentage is higher than men overall.

Abstract:AIM:To study the clinical curative effect of conjunctival flap covering surgery in treatment of serious fungus corneal ulcer.METHODS:Thirteen patients(13 eyes)with serious fungus corneal ulcer who underwent conjunctival flap covering surgery were retrospectively analyzed,including 10 cases with traumatic corneal ulcer,3 cases of unknown causes.All the patients were treated with removal of the necrotic corneal tissue combined with conjunctival flap covering surgery.RESULTS:Postoperatively,the corneal ulcer in 12 eyes was cured after one surgery.1 case cured after treated again by conjunctival flap covering surgery after the conjunctival flap desquamated.The corneal ulcer was cured and the eyeballs were saved in 13 eyes by conjunctival flap covering surgery.CONCLUSION:Conjunctival flap covering surgery is effective and practical in treatment of serious fungus corneal ulcer which is not responded to medical therapy,and it is an effective method to control the fungus inflammation and save the eyeballs,which provide the further condition for corneal transplantation.

Abstract:AIM:To discuss the cause and management of the complications of phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation in age-related cataract.METHODS:Totally 578 cases(603 eyes)of postoperative complications were clinically analyzed.RESULTS:Corneal endothelial edema was in 42 eyes(7.0%),ruptured posterior lens capsule 19 eyes(3.2%),temporary ocular hypertension 29 eyes(4.8%),toxic anterior segment syndrome 2 eyes(0.3%),cystoid macular edema 2 eyes(0.3%),IOL dislocation 1 eye(0.2%).CONCLUSION:Complications are related to the latent factors of phacoemulsification,surgical technique and experience of surgeons.Through understanding the reasons and symptoms of complications before the operation,the complications can be prevented and managed.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the efficacy,skill,complication and its treatment in small incision cataract surgery combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.METHODS:A total of 173 cases 199 eyes treated by small incision cataract surgery combined with IOL implantation were retrospectively analyzed within 1 year.RESULTS:The uncorrected visual acuity was 0.5 or better in 70 eyes(35.2%),93 eyes(46.7%),134 eyes(67.3%),158 eyes(79.4%)at 1 day,1 week,1 month and 1 year postoperatively,while the corrected visual acuity was 0.6 or better in 78 eyes(39.2%),101 eyes(50.8%),145 eyes(72.9%),164 eyes(82.4%).CONCLUSION:Manipulation of chopping nucleus in small incision cataract surgery with few complications for visual rehabilitation is effective,safe and economic.It is worth to be popularized.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the therapeutic method of posterior capsulorhexis with topical anesthesia by needling through corneoscleral limbus tunnel incision with that of YAG laser posterior capsulotomy on posterior capsular opacification.To evaluate the efficacy,safety and stability of posterior capsulorhexis.METHODS:An 1mm tunnel incisoon was stuck into by a diamond cutter from the cornescleral limbns atfer topical anesthesia was performed Postorior of intraoular lens was pricked into by a curved needle for dividing the thichened postorior capsiles.The efficacy and complication were observed.RESULTS:In 29 patients(32 eyes),whoes visual acuity was 1.0 account for 69.9% postoperatively,compared with preoperatively the visual acuitiy 0.06-0.1 without any discomfort and complication for the patients.CONCLUSION:Use of imported diamond cutter from Swizorland to discissio through tunnel incision is convenient and easy without any discomfort and complication for the patients.This method can be substituted by YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the clinical effect of compound trabeculectomy for glaucoma.METHODS:A total of 39 cases 42 eyes undertook compound trabeculectomy with MMC and adjustable suture line.Intraoculer pressure,the filtering bleb and the depth of anterior chamber were observed.The follow-up period was 3-24 months.RESULTS:The adjustable suture lines of 42 eyes were removed 3-14 days after the surgery.The shallow anterior chamber after operation were observed in 2 eyes.After proper management,shallow anterior chamber returned to normal depth in all cases.CONCLUSION:Compound trabeculectomy can increase the success ratio of the surgery and reduce the incidence of complications.

Abstract:AIM:To study the factors and treatments of neovascular glaucoma(NVG)after vitrectomy and lens removal for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)patients.METHODS:The postoperative NVG was analyzed in 7 PDR patients(7 eyes)after vitrectomy and phacoemulsification.Then they underwent the implantation of glaucoma valve combined with retinal photocoagulation.The visual acuity and intraocular pressure(IOP)were observed.RESULTS:NVG that occurred in 3-6 months after operation was the most(71.4%),all eyes had not been treated by further panretinal photocoagulation(PRP)and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)before occurring NVG.After treatment,the IOP was controlled in 5 eyes(71.4%),without declining eyesight,the new vessels decreased or regressed.CONCLUSION:The factors like the degree of disease,the stability of blood glucose,the skill and PRP in operation,the postoperative follow-up and further PRP,etc,all can influence the occurrence of NVG.Glaucoma valve combined with PRP can not only decrease IOP but also decrease or regress the new vessels.It is a safe and effective approach to those NVG patients.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the causes and treatment of shallow anterior chamber after trabeculectomy on glaucoma.METHODS:A total of 96 case 128 eyes with glaucoma were treated with trabeculectomy and postoperatively shallow anterior chamber was found.All cases were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:Shallow anterior chamber was found in 26 eyes(20.3%)after trabeculectomy in 128 eyes.The causes included :excessive aqueous humor run off(19/26,73.1%),leakage of filter bulb(4/26,15.4%),detachment of choroid(2/26,7.7%),malignant glaucoma(1/26,3.8%).After proper management,shallow anterior chamber returned to normal depth in all cases.CONCLUSION:Shallow anterior chamber is usually found after trabeculectomy.It is necessary to adopt corresponding treatment according to its causes for avoiding the shallow anterior chamber.

Abstract:AIM:To study the causes and managements of shallow anterior chamber after glaucoma filtering surgery.METHODS;A total of 358 consecutive patients(501 eyes)with glaucoma in the department of Ophthalmology,Qingyang People’s Hosptial from Jan.1990 to Jul.2009 were retrospectively reviewed on the survey,cause and management of postoperative shallow anterior chamber were discussed.RESULTS:The incidence of postoperative shallow anterior chamber in all the subjects and in the patients who underwent filtering operation of trabeculectomy,trabeculectomy with mitomycin C,antiglaucoma combined with cataract surgery was respectively 23.6%(118/501 eyes),21.2%(68/321 eyes),35.2%(44/125 eyes)and 10.9%(6/55 eyes).Shallow anterior chamber occurred in 1-7 days after operation and causes were excessive aqueous over-filtration(39.8%,47 eyes),choroidal detachment(28.0%,33 eyes),filter bleb leaks(22.9%,27 eyes),malignant glaucoma(6.8%,8 eyes),choroidal detachment and malignant glaucoma(0.8%,1 eye),and choroidal hemorrhage(1.7%,2 eyes).81 eyes needed surgical procedure for the reformation of shallow anterior chamber.Anterior chamber reformed in other 37 eyes without any surgical procedure.CONCLUSION:The incidence(23.6%)of shallow anterior chamber is high after filtering surgery,especially in trabeculectomy with mitomycin C(35.2%),it often appears at 1-2 days postoperatively.Most of the shallow anterior chamber can be reformed through conservative management.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of combined pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)and phacoemulsification(PEA)with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation in patients with concomitant cataract and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS:This retrospective study consisted of 36 patients 36 eyes with PDR and cataract.PPV was combined with PEA and IOL implantation.Gas tamponade was employed in 6 eyes;silicone oil tamponade was employed in 4 eyes;postoperative visual acuity,complications were analyzed.RESULTS:The postoperative follow-up interval ranged from 1 to 12 months(an average of 4.5 months).The postoperative visual acuity was improved in different degrees:≥0.1 in 6 eyes(17%),0.02-0.1 in 24 eyes(67%),light perception to counting fingers in 6 eyes(17%).During operation,no severe complications occurred.After operation,there was early ocular hypertension in 5 eyes(14%),posterior synechia in 3 eyes(8%),posterior capsular opacity(PCO)in 12 eyes performed Nd:YAG capsulotomy(33%),and neovascular glaucoma in 1 eye(3%),but there was no retinal detachment,no vitreous hemorrhage or corneal edema.CONCLUSION:This study suggests that the combined operation of PPV,PEA and IOL implantation is safe and effective for PDR coexisting with cataract.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the incidence of iris and ciliary body cysts in angle-closure glaucoma,and its relationship between anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber angle.METHODS:Ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)was used in 740 cases 1057 eyes with angle-closure glaucoma for anterior segment examination.RESULTS:Ciliary body cysts were detected in 42 cases 60 eyes among 740 cases 1057 eyes,accounting for 5.68% in the number of examined eyes.Among the iris and ciliary body cysts of 60 eyes,iris ciliary sulcus cysts were in 56 eyes(93.33%),ciliary crown cyst was in 4 eyes(6.67%);one single cyst was in 33 eyes(55.00%),multiple cysts were in 27 eyes(45.00%).Anterior chamber axis depth in patients with no associated ciliary body cysts was 1.16-2.37mm,an average of 1.843mm;anterior chamber axis depth in patients with iris and ciliary body cyst was 1.67-2.78mm,an average of 2.297mm.Angle adhesion rate of more than two quadrants in patients with angle-closure glaucoma associated with and not associated with ciliary body cysts were 66.67% and 44.59% respectively.CONCLUSION:The ciliary body cysts in angle-closure glaucoma have a higher prevalence,mostly iris cyst in the ciliary sulcus,and have little effect on anterior chamber axis depth,but can increase the adhesion angle range,cause angle-closure glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM:To study effects of calcium dobesilate and laser therapy on diabetic macular edema.METHODS:Sixty diabetic retinopathy(DR)patients were divided into two groups.Patients in one group were treated by laser photocoagulation and orally taking calcium dobesilate capsules,while those in the other group were treated only by laser photocoagulation.DR patients’ eyesight,macular thickness and reactive density of mfERG in two groups after treatment of one to three months were detected.RESULTS:The effective rate of improving patients eyesight was 73% in the united treatment group,while it was 57% in the group treated singly.The united treatment group can reduce the macular thickness obviously than the group treated singly.The united treatment group can rise the rective density obviously than the group treated singly.CONCLUSION:Two groups treatment can lighten diabetic macular edema in various degree.The united treatment group is superior to the group treated singly.

Abstract:AIM:To report 4 cases of acute and fundus obscuring,dense vitreous hemorrhage due to the formation of retinal hole.METHODS:Retrospective case study.The medical records of all patients were reviewed.RESULTS:Four patients included 2 male and 2 female with ages of 38 to 69 years old.The involved eye was the right eye(also high myopia)in one case and the left eye(myopia 1 case,emmetropia 2 cases)in 3 cases.The history of disease course was 1 day-3 weeks.The visual acuity was hand mouement-0.04 at initiate visit and improved in all cases following treatment of retinal hole by means of pars plana vitrectomy in 3 cases and laser photocoagulation alone in one case.The final vision was 0.04,0.2,0.6 and 0.8,respectively.CONCLUSION:We should be aware that acute vitreous hemorrhage can be induced by the formation of retinal hole.Early diagnosis and seal of the retinal hole can avoid retinal detachment and achieve better visual recovery.

Abstract:AIM:To observe and discuss the value of using computer-aided imaging technology of binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy in laser photocoagulation treatment for retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS:The clinical data of 58 patients 116 eyes with threshold ROP or prethreshold type I ROP were retrospectively analyzed.Ocular fundus was examined by computer-aided imaging technology of binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy before and after in every operation.Before operation results were used to design the surgery;in operation results were used to detect the missed area after laser photocoagulation,after operation results were for the operation effect recording.The surgery was implemented under surface anesthesia with electrocardio monitoring.The follow-up duration was 3-12 months.RESULTS:Missed area was found in thirty-six eyes(31.0%)by computer-aided imaging technology of binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy of laser photocoagulation.The missed area was at once supplemented during surgery.All the eyes which had undergone one time laser photocoagulation had good result after surgery and the disease was controlled.At the end of follow-up duration,there was no unfavorable retinal structural outcome.CONCLUSION:Computer-aided imaging technology of binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy of laser photocoagula-tion for ROP can find missed area effectively during the operation.Second-time surgery was avoided by supplement laser photocoagulation in time.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the change of intraocular pressure(IOP)with ocular contusion.METHODS:A total of 181 cases were diagnosed with ocular contusion,the IOP >24mmHg was regarded as ocular hypertension and the IOP <10mmHg was regarded as ocular hypotension;the causes of abnormal IOP were classified and analyzed.RESULTS:Totally 120 cases(66.3%)in 181 cases of ocular contusion were of abnormal IOP:98 cases(81.7%)of 120 cases were of ocular hypertension,22 cases(18.3%)were of ocular hypotension.Clinical findings:the IOP after ocular contusion was associated with many complications,including hyphema,vitreous hemorrhage,mydriasis,iridodialysis,recession of anterior chamber angle,lens dislocation,vitreous body rush into anterior chamber,retinal concussion,detachment of ciliary body,etc.CONCLUSION:Ocular contusion can cause abnormal intraocular pressure,therefore ophthalmologist should think highly of it.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the therapeutic effects of microsurgical decompression of traumatic optic nerve neuropathy via transcranial approach,in comparison of extracranial approach.METHODS:A total of 12 cases with optic nerve neuropathy which underwent microsurgical decompression via transcranial approach were retrospectively analyzed,and the clinical characteristics and methods of the therapy were concluded.The recent literatures on surgical decompression of optic nerve neuropathy via extracranial approach were reviewed and the therapeutic effects of such an extracranial approach were compared with our transcranial approach.RESULTS:All patients were followed up for 3 to 12 months postoperatively,with an average rate of efficacy being 83 percent.No patient experienced cerebrospinal fluid leakage after surgery.CONCLUSION:The efficacy of decompression of optic nerve neuropathy through the optic canal is concluded and the surgery should be performed as early as possible.Because of the better therapeutic effects,decompression of optic nerve neuropathy via transcranial approach is superior to that via extracranial approach.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the therapeutic effects of modulated medium frequency electrotherapy(MMFE)and peribulbar injection of mecobalamin for neurogenic extraocular muscles paralysis.METHODS:Ten patients(9 male and 1 female;average age:43.40±7.68 years;the median duration:43.50 days)were treated with MMFE for 20 minutes once a day and peribulbar injection of mecobalamin 500μg every other day,10 days as a course,for 2-4 courses based on patient’s condition;the changes of the position of eye,diplopia and ocular movement recover status were observed.RESULTS:Totally 3 patients were cured with traumatic brain injury,5 patients were improved with brainstem infarction,1 case showed efficacy with traumatic brain injury,1 case was of inefficacy with traumatic brain injury.CONCLUSION:MMFE and peribulbar injection of mecobalamin may improve the neurogenic extraocular muscles paralysis in patients.

Abstract:AIM:To understand extraocular muscles image features in B-mode ultrasound.METHODS:The extraocular muscles on normal persons and different extraocular muscle diseases were observed using B-mode ultrasound from Oct.2007 to Oct.2010.RESULTS:Symmetric extraocular muscle thickness had no significant difference in normal eyes,the medial rectus was the thickest muscle among four rectus;before the age of 20,four extraocular muscles thickness increased with age.Different extraocular muscle diseases had different performance in B-mode ultrasound.CONCLUSION:B-mode ultrasound can show good form of four extraocular muscles and it is benefit for follow-up observation of extraocular muscle disease.B-mode ultrasound is an effective means of checking extraocular muscles.

Abstract:AIM:To observe clinical effect of probing of lacrimal passage for treatment of neonatal dacryocystitis with different age.METHODS:Probing of lacrimal passage in surface anesthesia was performed in 532 infants 590 eyes from November 2009 to September 2010 in our department of ophthalmology,including male 321(358 eyes),female 211(232 eyes),aged from 3 months to 48 months.RESULTS:Totally 456 eyes received the operation in group 1(aged from 3 months to 6 months)and 442 eyes were cured(96.9%);95 eyes received the operation in group 2(aged from 2 months to 12 months)and 83 eyes were cured(87.4%);39 eyes were in 3 group(age≥13 months)and success rate of the operation was 82.1%.There was significant difference between group 1 and group 2,group 1 and group 3(P<0.05,χ2=15.986,χ2=19.578 respectively)while there was no significant difference between group 2 and group 3(χ2=0.642,P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Probing of lacrimal passage is an effective treatment for neonatal dacryocystitis and the best time for probing of the lacrimal passage is 3-6 months after birth.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effect of nasolacrimal duct laser probing surgery and artificial nasolacrimal stent retrograde implantation in treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstraction.METHODS:A total of 54 patients 69 eyes with nasolacrimal duct obstruction were screened,and those who met the surgical indication,suffering severe epiphora with or without pus overflow were treated with laser nasolacrimal duct probing combined retrograde stent implant and followed up for 3-12 months.RESULTS:All patients were successfully implanted artificial nasolacrimal duct stent,mean operative time was 15.48 minutes.Epiphora symptoms were improved immediately after surgery,lacrimal duct were patent.The time of observing for 3,6 and 12 months,cure rates were 100% and 97% and 91%.CONCLUSION:Laser probing of nasolacrimal duct combined with nasolacrimal duct stent retrograde implantation is a simple,safe and effective treatment method for nasolacrimal duct obstruction,without skin scars,changing of the physical anatomy and so on.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effect of hyaluronate(HA)eye drops and HA eye drops combined with houttuynia cordata(HC)eye drops on the treatment of dry eye.METHODS:A total of 125 patients 198 eyes with dry eyes were randomly divided into group HA eye drops(group A)(63 cases,100 eyes)and group HA eye drops combined with HC eye drops(group B)(62 cases,98 eyes).The patients were treated with 1g/L HA eye drops in group A and 1g/L HA eye drops combined with HC eye drops in group B.After 2 months’ treatment,clinic symptom,Shirmer I test(S Ⅰ t),break-up time of tear film(BUT),and fluorescence staining(FL)were measured respectively.RESULTS:Both of the two methods could improve the clinic symptom,SⅠ t,BUT,and FL in group B were obviously better than those in group A.CONCLUSION:HA eye drops combined with HC eye drops can improve clinic symptoms of dry eye and heighten the effect of treatment.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of amniotic membrance transplantation in treament of severe vernal conjunctivitis.METHODS:A total of 9 cases 12 eyes which were vernal conjunctivitis with macropapillary in palpebral conjunctiva and corneal ulcer received amniotic membrane transplantation.Their visual acuity,recurrence in upper palpebral conjunctiva and recovery of corneal ulcer were followed up.RESULTS:Totally 3 cases 5 eyes recurred and were well controlled by local treatment.Visual acuity were increased in all cases during follow-up period.The papilla had not been found in upper lid conjunctiva and cornea was transparent.CONCLUSION:Amniotic membrane transplantation is effective in treatment of severe vernal conjunctivitis with macropapillary in palpebral conjunctiva.

Abstract:AIM:To discuss the relative risk factors affecting visual recovery after scleral buckling surgery in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.METHODS:A total of 102 cases(102 eyes)with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated by scleral buckling surgery in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months,and the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was observed.The Chi-square test was used to analyze the relative factors affecting the visual recovery.RESULTS:Macular detachment status,preoperative BCVA,quadrants of retinal detachment,as well as subretinal fluid drainage affected visual recovery significantly(P<0.01).Eyes with macula-off ≤7 days had a significantly lower BCVA compared to eyes with macula-off>7 days(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Macular detachment status and time,preoperative visual acuity,quadrants of retinal detachment,as well as subretinal fluid drainage affect visual recovery significantly.Subretinal fluid drainage should be avoided as far as possible.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the Clinical effect of triamcinolone acetomide on Graves’ ophthalmopathy.METHODS:Triamcinolone acetomide(40mg)was peri-orbitally injected in all patients.Every 30 days 1 times,4 times were a course of treatment.Visual acuity,eye symptom,exophthalmos,palpebral fissure height and eye position were measured at each visit,the thickness of extraocular muscles was measured by B-mode ultrasonography before treatment and after 6 months.RESULTS:The fifty-six eyes of 30 patients were treated.The average of exophthalmos before and after treatment were 18.2±2.2mm and 14.6±1.8mm(P<0.01),the improved rate of exophthalmia was 84%(47/56);the average height of palpebral fissure were 11.6±1.7mm,8.4±1.1mm(P<0.01),the improved rate was 80%(45/56).The thickness of extraocular muscles:inferior rectus,superior rectus,medial rectus,lateral rectus were 6.25±1.93,4.21±1.25,6.34±1.46,4.17±1.38,5.67±1.64,3.87±1.04,4.57±1.37,3.35±0.81mm respectively,the thickness of the extraocular muscles was significantly reduced.The visual acuity of 28 eyes was improved in the 35 visual acuity decreased eyes.The strabismus and diplopia of 17 patients(74%)disappeared,and 6 patients(26%)were improved in the 23 patients with strabismus and diplopia.No complication was found.CONCLUSION:Triamcinolone acetomide peri-orbital injection can improve the symptom,physical sign and the edema of the extraocular muscles,and side effects are few.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the clinical efficacy of sub-Bowman’s keratomileusis(SBK)for treatment of myopia.METHODS:From December 2009 to June 2010,71 patients 142 eyes underwent the treatment of myopia by SBK.Their visual acuity,refraction,anterior and posterior corneal surface height changes before and 6 months after operation were reviewed.RESULTS:The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)of patients 6 months after operation were 0.8-1.5,average 1.14±0.17,UCVA of all patients were≥0.8,UCVA were≥1.0 in 136 eyes,accounting for 95.8%,UCVA were≥1.2 in 64 eyes,accounting for 45.1%;Except for 3 eyes of 2 cases with 1 line down,the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of the others 6 months after operation were the same with or better than preoperative,all BCVA were≥0.8,BCVA were≥1.0 in 136 eyes(95.8%)BCVA≥1.2 in 70 eyes(49.3%),64 eyes(45.1%)with UCVA≥preoperative BCVA 6 months after operation.Diopter:spherical equivalent(SE)were(-0.65-+0.97)D,average(0.15±0.41)D.All SE were ≤±1.0D,92.8%≤±0.5D 6 months after operation.Anterior and posterior corneal surface height changes were roughly the same 6 months after operation.CONCLUSION:SBK treatment of myopia has good predictability,accuracy and safety.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the application effect of manual small incision cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantion in Vision Recovery Action of Zhoukou area.METHODS:Retrospective study was taken on 692 eyes of 670 cataract patients in Vision Recovery Action.RESULTS:One month after the surgery,among 692 eyes of cataract patients,the naked vision ≥0.5 was in 609 eyes(88.0%),≥0.3 in 674 eyes(97.4%),≥0.05 in 691 eyes(99.9%).Before operation,mean astigmatism was 0.89±0.40D,1 week,1 month and 3 months after operation,mean astigmatism was 1.22±0.37D,0.81±0.39D,0.79±0.43D,respectively,and compared with the preoperative data,mean astigmatism 1 month and 3 months after operation had no significant difference(P>0.05)and all patients were planted intarocular lens.Major complications:posterior capsule rupture in 3 eyes,accounting for 0.4%;postoperative corneal edema in 13 eyes,accounting for 1.9%.CONCLUSION:Manual small incision cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation has significant effect and fewer complications,and it can be applied in primary hospital for the prevention of blindness.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the characteristics of keratopathy in Ningxia Region.METHODS:Totally 181 cases of keratopathy who were hospitalized in our hospital from Jan.2008 to Aug.2010 were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 181 cases of keratopathy,92.3%(167 cases)were infectious keratopathy,7.7%(14 cases)were bullous keratopathy,chemical and thermal burns of cornea,exposure keratitis,immune corneal ulcer.Among the infectious keratopathy,viral keratitis was the main cause,accounting for 54.2%(98 cases);bacterial corneal ulcer was second,accounting for 17.7%(32 cases);then fungal keratitis accounting for 17.1%(31 cases);mixed keratopathy 3.3%(6 cases).The incidence of fungal keratitis in countryside was obviously higher than that of in-town,while there was significant difference between them(P<0.01).The incidence of viral keratitis in Han Majority People was the same as that in Hui Minority People,and there was no significant difference between the two People(P>0.05),which was in accordance with former opinion that the incidence of viral keratitis was not associated with race.There was no significant difference between the positive rate of cytological examination of cornea scrapers and the positive rate of germiculture(P>0.05).The positive rate of hyphae of cornea scraper examination was rather high at 31.7%.The positive rate of pathogen examination was 45.3%,lower than the average rate of the country.CONCLUSION:Among all kinds of keratopathy in Ningxia Region,infectious keratopathy is the chief type,while simple herpes keratopathy is the main type of infectious keratopathy.The incidence of simple herpes keratopathy in Hui Minority People is the same as that in Han Majority People,which is in accordance with former opinion.Cell scraper examination is convenient and no need of special machine.The method is quick and can be repeated easily.Cell scraper examination can be the routine examination of infectious keratopathy.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the clinical effect of mitomycin C(MMC)combined with adjustable suture used in refractory glaucoma.METHODS:A total of 39 patients 48 eyes with refractory glaucoma were treated by MMC combined with adjustable sutures,postoperative anterior chamber,intraocular pressure(IOP),bleb and complications were followed up for 6-24 months with an average of 15 months.RESULTS:The IOP had good control in surgery,success rate was 94% and functional blebs was 94%;complications were mainly shallow anterior chamber,up to 6%.CONCLUSION:The use of filtering surgery with MMC and the adjustable sutures is effective in preventing fibrosis of bleb in various types of refractory glaucoma with well controlled IOP,and it can greatly improve the success rate of surgery,and should be widely applied.

Abstract:AIM:To explore hexuemingmu tablets in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion.METHODS:Totally 92 patients were randomly divided into two groups,51 eyes of 50 patients in treatment group were given hexuemingmu tablets treatment,42 eyes of 42 patients in the control group were given xuesaitong tablets treatment.According to the recovery of visual acuity,fluorescein angiography,with or without improvement of symptoms,they were observed.RESULTS:A total of 17 eyes were cured in the treatment group,and it was effective in 27 eyes,invalid in 7 eyes,the total effective rate was 86%.8 eyes in the control group were cured,and it was effective in 17 eyes,ineffective in 17 eyes,the total effective rate was 60%.CONCLUSION:Hexuemingmu tablets can promote absorption of retinal hemorrhage,retinal function recovery,and improve visual function in patients with retinal vein occlusion.By comparison,hexuemingmu tablets can better improve vision and fundus than xuesaitong tablets(P<0.05).

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effect of mecobalamin on neurological recovery in the treatment of macular edema.METHODS:Three hundred and twelve cases 487 eyes of macular edema caused by retinal vascular diseases were enrolled and divided into two groups.The control group was treated with various methods to relieve the macular edema only,while the trial group was treated with additional neuroprotective medicine,mecobalamin,at least for one month.RESULTS:A better visual prognosis was gained in the trial group.CONCLUSION:The neuroprotective therapy is profitable in the treatment of macular edema in addition to the routine edema-relief-medicine.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the clinical efffect of vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhages.METHODS:Twenty-one cases(21 eyes)with vitreous hemorrhages underwent vitrectomy,their visual acuity was observed and the factors causing vitreous hemorrhages were analyzed.RESULTS:Of all the 21 cases,best-corrected visual acuity at last follow-up was:counting fingers-0.05 in 4 cases,≥0.05-0.3 in 12 cases,≥0.3 in 5 cases,off-blindness rate(visual acuity≥0.05)was 81%,off-disability rate(visual acuity≥0.3)was 24%.The first three leading causes of vitreous hemorrhage were branch vein occlusion,retinal breaks without detachment and diabetic retinopathy,accounting for 76% in all.CONCLUSION:Vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage is a safe and effective method,most patients can significantly improve their visual acuity after operation.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate clinical effect of corneal limbal stem cell transplantation for treatment of pterygium.METHODS:Totally 45 eyes of 40 patients with pterygium were treated by limbal stem cell transplantation.Postoperative corneal epithelial healing,corneal neovas-cularization and pterygium recurrence were observed.RESULTS:The patients were followed up for 5-48 months.42 eyes had clear and smooth graft,no abnormal proliferation of pterygium tissue;3 eyes recurred.Recurrence rate was 7%,the cure rate was 93%.CONCLUSION:The limbal stem cell transplantation for treatment of pterygium can prevent its recurrence with the advantage of a low recurrence rate,and it is a safe and effective method.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the effects of three surgical methods for treatment of pterygium,and explore the best surgical procedures to reduce recurrence.METHODS:The first group of 51 eyes of 48 patients with pterygium were given excision alone,the second group of 46 patients with 47 eyes underwent pedicle conjunctival graft surgery with mitomycin C,and the third group of 45 eyes of 43 patients were treated with limbal stem cell transplantation.RESULTS:Patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years.The first group had 13 eyes recurrence,the recurrence rate was 25%;the second group had 3 eyes recurrence,the recurrence rate was 6%,and the third group had 1 eye recurrence,recurrence rate was 2%.CONCLUSION:Limbal stem cell transplantation can effectively reduce the recurrence rate of pterygium,it is an ideal surgical method.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the effect of dry eyes on corneal thickness measurement with Pentacam imaging system.METHODS:Totally 60 dry eyes 30 cases were enrolled in this study.The Pentacam imaging system and ultrasound was used for each eye,corneal thickness was examined and compared before and after treatment.RESULTS:The corneal thickness was 504.5±37.3μm in dry eyes(ranged from 428 to 557μm)with Pentacam imaging system and 532.7±32.4μm(ranged from 477 to 596μm)with ultrasound,the difference between two measurement methods was significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the corneal thickness was 541.2±41.1μm(ranged from 469 to 607μm)with Pentacam imaging system and 538.4±30.7μm(ranged from 472 to 593μm)with ultrasound,the difference between two measurement methods was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The dry eyes have significant effect on corneal thickness measurement with Pentacam imaging system.It should be treated in order to obtain accurate results.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the changes of tear film after small incision non-phacoemulsification cataract surgery(SICS).METHODS:A total of 136 cases who underwent SICS in our department were chosen randomly.Values including tear break-up time(BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt),cornea fluorescein staining(FL),and subjective dry eye symptoms(Sx)preoperatively and 1 week,2 weeks,1 month,2 and 3 months postoperatively.And the changes in these parameters were also evaluated.RESULTS:Compared with preoperative values,there was significant aggravation in subjective complain within 3 months postoperatively.SⅠt increased within 2 weeks and FL increased within 1 month follow-up examination,furthermore,BUT decreased before the 4th reexamination.The differences between groups were significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:SICS may influence quality and stability of the tear film among cataract patients a period of time after surgery,in order to minimize the unexpected effect,test of tear film function should be emphasized.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the retrograde implantation of artificial nasolacrimal duct for chronic dacryocystitis.METHODS:Totally 64 eyes of 60 patients with chronic dacryocystitis underwent implantation of artificial nasolacrimal duct,and were followed up for 4 weeks to 6 months to observe the effect.RESULTS:Totally 64 eyes of 60 cases after the first planting tubes were successful,the patient recovered completely unobstructed,61 eyes of 57 cases were cured,3 eyes of 3 patients were improved.CONCLUSION:The retrograde implantation of artificial nasolacrimal duct for chronic dacryocystitis is a simple,economical,safe and effective method.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the curative effect of the removal of fistula on congenital fistula of lacrimal sac in candidates of flying cadet.METHODS:During pilot selection from March 2005 to March 2008 in our region,5 cases 7 eyes of congenital fistula of lacrimal sac undergoing removal of fistula and 6 cases 6 eyes undergoing fistula excision were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:A total of 11 cases were successfully operated.There was no recurrence after 16±5.6 months follow-up.But 3 cases were eliminated in the re-examination due to the larger postoperative scar left by the fistula excision.CONCLUSION:Removal of fistula is an effective method in patients of the flying cadet with congenital fistula of lacrimal sac.It can make the cadet meet the standards and be selectively retained.It confirms to the thought "Weight function,light form" of the pilot selection of Air Force.

Abstract:AIM:To study the clinical features and treatments of congenital superior oblique muscle paralysis.METHODS:Data of 52 patients 61 eyes with congenital superior oblique muscle paralysis were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:Congenital superior oblique muscle paralysis was common in congenital vertical strabismus.The binoculars vision of yournger patients was better.There was a typical compensatory head posture.The head tilt test was positive.without diplopia.CONCLUSION:Operation should be performed early once congenital superior oblique muscle paralysis is defined.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the value of surgery for capsule contraction syndrome.METHODS:Surgery was performed in 15 cases with capsule contraction syndrome after cataract continuous circular capsulorhexis.The visual acuity and complications were observed.RESULTS:The visual acuity was improved in different degrees.No complication was found in all cases.CONCLUSION:Surgery for capsule contraction syndrome is a safe and effective way.