Abstract:·AIM:To compare the efficacy and visual results of the modified Blumenthal and Ruit techniques for manual small-incision cataract surgery(MSICS).·METHODS:This was a prospective,non-randomized comparison of 129 patients with senile cataracts scheduled to undergo routine cataract surgery via either a superior scleral tunnel incision,i.e.,the Blumenthal technique(group 1,n=64)or a temporal scleral tunnel incision,i.e.,the Ruit technique(group 2,n=65).MSICS and intraocular lens implantation were performed through an unsutured 6.5-to 7.0-mm scleral tunnel incision.Uncorrected and corrected visual acuity,intraoperative and postoperative complications,and surgically induced astigmatism calculated by simple subtraction were compared.Patients were examined 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery.·RESULTS:Both groups achieved good visual outcomes with minor complications.Three months after surgery,the corrected visual acuity was 0.73 in the Blumenthal group and 0.69 in the Ruit group(P=0.29).The average(SD)postoperative astigmatism was 0.87(0.62)diopter(D)for the Blumenthal group and 0.86(0.62)D for the Ruit group.The mean(SD)surgically induced astigmatism was 0.55(0.45)D and 0.50(0.44)D for the Blumenthal and Ruit groups,respectively(P=0.52).Common complications were minimal hyphema and corneal edema.There was no statistically significant difference in the complication rate between the groups(P>0.05).·CONCLUSION:In MSICS,both the Blumenthal and Ruit techniques achieve good visual outcomes,with low complication rates.·

Abstract:·AIM:To compare the efficacy of three types of eye care(artificial tear,moist chamber and polyethylene covers)for preventing exposure keratopathy in intensive care patients.·METHODS:Intensive Care Unit(ICU)patients were randomly divided to three treatment groups,including artificial tear group(29 cases),moist chamber group(27 cases)and polyethylene covers group(28 cases).Patients in artificial tear group received two drops of carboxymethylcellulose dropped to each eye every 2 hours.The moist chamber and polyethylene covers groups were changed every 12 hours or as needed if they became unclean or torn.Corneal fluorescein stain was performed daily.·RESULTS:No one in the polyethylene covers group and one case(4%)in the moist chamber group had exposure keratopathy compared to 8 cases(28%)in the artificial tear group.There were statistical significance differences between both artificial tear group and moist chamber group(P=0.02),artificial tear group and polyethylene covers group(P=0.003).Everyday time of eye care in the artificial tear group,the moist chamber group and the polyethylene covers group was respectively 26.69±2.39,35.33±2.63 and 7.48±0.87 minutes.Everyday time of eye care in the polyethylene covers group was statistically more time-saving than that in the artificial tear group(P<0.01)and the moist chamber group(P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:Polyethylene covers are more effective and time-saving in reducing the incidence of corneal damage in intensive care patients.·

Abstract:·AIM:To report unusual presentation and good outcome of neuromyelitis optica(NMO)in a child.·METHODS:Case Report.·RESULTS:An 8-year-old girl presented with 5-day history of sudden bilateral visual deterioration followed by left lower limb weakness.Visual acuity was perception to light in both eyes.Funduscopy revealed bilateral hyperaemic swollen optic discs.MRI of brain and spine revealed enhancing white matter lesions in the right frontal lobe and spinal cord at C5 level.She was diagnosed NMO and treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and tapering doses of oral prednisolone as maintenance therapy.Symptoms gradually improved 1 month after treatment.However,she presented with similar presentation 1 week after stopping oral prednisolone.MRI of brain and spine were reviewed and showed enhancing lesion in the right frontal lobe and longitudinal segment of spinal cord from C3 to C5 level.She was promptly given intravenous methylprednisolone for 5 days followed by prolonged tapering of oral prednisolone over 6 months period.After 2 months,she was able to walk and attend activities of school.Visual acuity was improved to 6/10 in both eyes and neurological examination was normal.There was no recurrence during the next year.Final visual acuity was 6/7.5 in the the right eye and 6/10 in the left eye.·CONCLUSION:The diagnosis of NMO should be kept in mind although it is unusual presentation in child presented with bilateral visual loss and unilateral lower limb weakness.Early diagnosis and treatments would yield good outcome to the patient.·

Abstract:·AIM:To describe a case in which vitrectomy was required for vitreous hemorrhage and fibrovascular proliferation after laser-induced chorioretinal venous anastomosis(LCVA)for non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO).·METHODS:Observational case report.·RESULTS:A 72-year-old man complained of central scotoma in the left eye,and was diagnosed as suffering from non-ischemic CRVO.LCVA was performed in another hospital.Although favorable visual function was briefly maintained postoperatively,severe vitreous hemorrhage developed in his left eye,necessitating vitrectomy.·CONCLUSION:Considering that LCVA carries a risk of serious complications,we must apply this treatment with caution,especially in ethnic groups,such as the Japanese,in whom pigmentation reacts to photocoagulation excessively.·

Abstract:·This is a case presentation of a very bizarre open globe trauma with anterior segment foreign body-fishing hook stuck in the cornea and iris.Complications due to this kind of eye trauma might be very hazardous and with serious impact on visual function.We are representing our approach and experience of three step management of this kind of eye injury:first-extract the foreign body,close and reconstruct the eyeball,second-fight inflammation,and third-restore the visual function by cataract surgery.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the expression and the effect of recombinant adeno-associated virus(rAAV)vector-8 transduced enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)gene into rat keratocytes.·METHODS:rAAV8-EGFP was transfected respectively into rat keratocytes at different multiplicities of infection.The inverted fluorescent microscope was performed to assess GFP expression and the percentage of positive GFP in the cells was analyzed by flow cytometric analysis.The effects of rAAV8 and rAAV8-EGFP on cell proliferation were assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)method.·RESULTS:The inverted fluorescent microscope was performed to assess GFP expression.The EGFP expression peak occurred at 7d after transfection and the expression level was 31.5%(MOI=5×103),42.5%(MOI=5×104),54.8%(MOI=5×105),respectively.Results of MTT assay indicated there was no inhibitory effect on keratocytes by rAAV8-EGFP and rAAV8 transduction respectively.·CONCLUSION:The rAAV8 vector can deliver effectively EGFP genes into rat keratocytes,and there is no inhibitory effect on keratocyte by rAAV8-EGFP transduction.·

Abstract:·AIM:To study the correlation of immune rejection and immune privilege in homogeneity variant mice corneal transplantation model.·METHODS:The experimental animal model of mice normal position corneal graft and allograft was established successfully.Then,we observed the immune rejection of the two kinds graft model.The transplantation corneal survival rate was compared and analyzed according to the Sonoda method.·RESULTS:All the graft corneas following normal position transplantation were alive,compared with only 25% of allograft cornea alive.·CONCLUSION:Immune rejected reaction in mice corneal transplantation is not always happened and immune privilege plays a very important role in cornea graft.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the effect of serum free organ culture on corneal endothelial cells viability by comparing two specific endothelial cell media—endothelial cell medium(ECM)and animal compound free medium(ACF)with the conventionally used basic minimum essential mediun(MEM).·METHODS:Rat corneas were cultured in ECM and ACF test media with or without 20mL/L fetal bovine serum(FBS)for 4 weeks and then dehydrated in dextran T500 for 48 hours.The viability evaluation parameters of corneal endothelial cells included:endothelial cell density before and after preservation;The immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)using RT-PCR in rat corneas whose epithelium had been predissected.·RESULTS:After cultivation,the grafts cultured in MEM+20mL/L FBS control group exhibited the lowest endothelial cells density(1875±162 cells/mm2).The highest mean corneal endothelial cell density was found in ECM+20mL/L FBS medium group(2250±202 cells/mm2)and the corneas cultured in ECM and ACF media achieved similar endothelial cells loss(F=28.965,P=0.000).Vital staining revealed the lower numbers of damaged corneal endothelial cells in ECM(with or without FBS)and ACF groups.ZO-1 could be seen in corneal endothelia of frozen sections.ZO-1mRNA expression in rat corneas without epitheliums exhibited the lowest level in MEM medium and the highest level in ECM(with or without FBS)and ACF media(F=592.751,P=0.000).·CONCLUSION:Serum-free ECM and ACF media can preserve rat corneal endothelial cells viability and tight junction integrity better than conventional MEM medium with low FBS.They show great superiority and may play an important part in serum free organ culture corneas in the future.·

Abstract:·AIM:To study the joint application of the two anti-glaucoma medication—pilocarpine and timolol in different ways so as to find the best method of drug delivery and formulate the rational administration schedule.·METHODS:Experimental study.A total of 36 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into six groups.They were control group,pilocarpine group,timolol group,the conventional-dose group 1,the conventional-dose group 2,pilocarpine + timolol group,and timolol + pilocarpine group.The ocular hypertension model of chronic glaucoma was established.After administering the saline or first drug delivery for 10,20,30,40,60,90,120,150,180,240 minutes,the intraocular pressure was measured to compare the changes.·RESULTS:Pilocarpine + timolol group had significant effect on the intraocular pressure reducing,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:The way of administering pilocarpine eye drops,and 30 minutes later administering the timolol eye drops,has the best effect on controlling the intraocular pressure than others.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the anti-fibrosis effect of obsolete amniotic membrane for glaucoma filtering operation in rabbits.·METHODS:Trabeculectomy was performed in 60 eyes of 30 rabbits which were divided into 2 groups.In two groups,right eyes were treated with the obsolete amniotic transplantation under sclerotic flap.In group A,the left eyes were performed trabeculectomy using interferon α-2b.In group B the left eyes played the role of control which had surgery only.3 rabbits which were selected randomly in the two groups were killed 3,7,14,30,60 days after operation and eyeballs were enucleated to observe the time of decomposition of the amniotic membrane in pathologic tissue slice,the number of fibroblast and inflammatory cells were counted with computer and their difference was compared.·RESULTS:The number of inflammatory and fibroblast cells was higher than the other groups in the amniotic membrane transplantation group 3,7,14 days after operation,which showed significant difference.The decomposed time of the amniotic membrane was about 14-21 days.·CONCLUSION:Amniotic membrane immunologic rejection reaction was induced through obsolete amniotic membrane transplantion for glaucoma filtering operation in rabbits.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the acute toxicity of nickel sulphate in SD juvenile rat,and to determine the LD50.·METHODS:The LD100 in rat by ip injection was preliminarily measured to be 49.00mg/kg,and LD0 was 25.00mg/kg,then 70 rats were divided into 5 groups randomly,the doses of every group were 25.00mg/kg,29.58mg/kg,35.00mg/kg,41.39mg/kg,49.00mg/kg,the interval between groups was set at 1.183∶1,software of SPSS 16.0 was used to calculate its LD50.·RESULTS:The rats of every group showed poisoning reflection.39 rats died,the mortality rate was 55.7%,and 11 rats died in 48 hours,the remaining 28 died in the next 5 days.The LD50 of nickel sulphate in juvenile rats by ip injection was 33.476mg/kg,with the 95% confidence interval of 33.476±1.525mg/kg.·CONCLUSION:The LD50 of SD juvenile rats with ip injection of nickel sulphate is 33.476mg/kg,which is credible.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on apoptosis expression of Bcl-2 in the retina of diabetic rats and the possible mechanism of puerarin.·METHODS:Totally 60 male Wister rats were selected and divided at random into 3 groups:normal group,diabetic group and diabetic with puerarin injection group.The diabetic retinopathy rats model was established by injecting streptozotocin(STZ).The pathogenic changes of diabetic retinopathy were observed and a quantitative analysis was given to Bcl-2 with RT-PCR at month 1,3 and 5,the data were analyzed with software SPSS 13.0.·RESULTS:Bcl-2 expressed in the retina of the normal rats.When at month 3,the expression of Bcl-2 was remarkably increased in diabetic group by puerarin injecting comparing with diabetic group(P<0.05),while at month 5,the expression of Bcl-2 was increased in the two groups.The pathologic damage in the retina of diabetic groups by puerarin injecting was slighter than diabetic groups.·CONCLUSION:Puerarin can alleviate the retinal pathological damage of diabetic rats.At month 3,Bcl-2 is expressed higher in the diabetic model by puerarin injecting than the diabetic group.Puerarin can increase the process of diabetic retinopathy by restraining the expression of Bcl-2.Consequently,puerarin will probably become the effective medicine to cure diabetic retinopathy.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the protective effect of fuguang pellet on optic nerve through the research of expression of apoptosis-related genes(Bcl-2,Bax)in the rabbits after crushing the optic nerve with microforceps.·METHODS:By the method of crushing rabbit optic nerve,the models of traumatic optic neuropathy(TON)were set up.By determination of the expression of apoptosis-related genes(Bcl-2,Bax)in the rabbits’ optic nerve,the influence of the fuguang pellet on injured optic nerve was observed.·RESULTS:After the rabbits’ optic nerve was crushed,there were significant differences in the expression of apoptosis-related genes(Bcl-2,Bax)between model group and the group of the fuguang pellet(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the group of high-dosage group and low-dosage group of the fuguang pellet.·CONCLUSION:Fuguang pellet can decrease damages of optic nerve by increasing Bcl-2 gene expression and restraining Bax gene expression in this experiment.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the expression of connective tissue growth factor（CTGF）in rabbits deep sclerectomy（DS）surgery.·METHODS:Human umbilical vein（HUV）was treated with freeze-drying for 6 hours and ⁶⁰Co200cGy irradiation for 30 seconds.The samples were stored in RT.28 rabbits were used,24 of which were performed DS surgery in both eyes.Then one eye was randomly selected to plant HUV according to self-control rule,which composed experimental group.The other eye of the 24 rabbits composed control group.8 rabbits were sacrificed 3,7 and 14 days after operation,respectively.The 8 eyes of the other 4 rabbits were used as normal control.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of CTGF mRNA and protein of deep sclera.·RESULTS:The levels of CTGFmRNA and protein expression in the normal control tissue were lower,but at day 3 they increased more quickly than the control and rapidly peaked at day 7,then decreased at day 14（P<0.01）;there were no significant differences at same time points between experimental group and control group（P>0.05）.·CONCLUSION:These indicated that DS surgery with huaman freeze-dried allograft umbilical vein implant is safe and effective.It has no evident effect of anti-fiber proliferation.The mechanism for its maintanence of decompression chamber may be the result of mechanical water spreading.·

Abstract:·AIM:To determine iodine concentration of the rabbit vitreous body in the different time after prolonium iodide intramuscular injection,in order to study its permeability through blood-ocular barrier.·METHODS:Fifty adult rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups.Ⅰgroup was the normal control group;in the Ⅱ group,every rabbit was injected 24mg/kg prolonium iodide with intramuscular injection;After using the drug,every group was determined iodine concentration of vitreous body using Arsenic and Cerium catalysis spectrophotometry in different time.·RESULTS:Iodine content of vitreous body in the intramuscular injection groups was obviously different from that in the normal control group.3 hours after intramuscular injection,iodine concentration in the rabbit vitreous body got to peak value and then began to decline,it was still higher than normal level after 24 hours.·CONCLUSION:Prolonium iodide can enter eye through blood-ocular barrier and metabolize slow through intramuscular injection.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the changes of axial length and corneal diameter after cataract extraction in infants with congenital cataract.·METHODS:A total of 49 patients(89 eyes including 9 unilateral eyes)with congenital cataract,who had undergone cataract extraction,anterior and posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy within 3 months after birth,were included.Patients were divided into five groups based on their ages at follow-up:6 months group,12 months group,18 months group,24 months group and 30 months group.The axial length and corneal diameter in each follow-up were measured.The changes of axial length and corneal diameter were analyzed and compared with those of normal age-and sex-matched infants.·RESULTS:The mean axial length from 6 months group to 30 months group was 20.48±0.13,20.82±0.23,21.69±0.17,22.09±0.25 and 22.50±0.34mm respectively.There was statistically significant difference compared with those of normal age-matched infants(P<0.05).The mean corneal diameter was 10.06±0.31,10.32±0.33,10.40±0.38,10.45±0.39 and 10.94±0.40mm,respectively in the five groups.There was no statistically significant difference compared with those of normal age-and sex-matched infants(P>0.05).·CONCLUSION:Cataract extraction,anterior and posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy for infants with congenital cataract in their early childhood are safe and effective.There are significant changes in axial length,but little change in corneal diameter compared with those of normal infants.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the effect of soft corneal contact lens on central corneal thickness.·METHODS:Central corneal thickness was detected with ultrasonic corneal pachymetry,myopic patients who wore soft contact lens and who did not wear soft contact lens of 100 cases 200 eyes were randomly selected in our hospital for statistical analysis.Then according to the wearing time <1 year,1-3,3-5,5-7,≥ 7 years they were grouped,60 patients(120 eyes)were randomly selected from each group to do statistical analysis.·RESULTS:Corneal thickness of those who wore soft contact lens being compared with those who did not wear soft contact lens,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).For comparison of corneal thickness with wearing time <1 year,1-3,3-5,5-7,≥ 7 years,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:The average central corneal thickness of those who wear soft contact lens is thinner than those who do not wear contact lens,the longer they wear soft contact lens,the thinner their central corneal thickness is.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the effect of small incision non-phaco extracapsular cataract surgery in the treatment of hard nuclear cataract with small pupil.·METHODS:The clinical data of 156 patients 173 eyes with small-pupil hard nuclear cataract who underwent small incision non-phaco extracapsular cataract surgery were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were followed up for 12 months.Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),pupils,intraocular lens(IOL),intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed and analyzed in the follow-up period.·RESULTS:After 6 months postoperatively,BCVA was achieved ≥0.05 in 143 eyes(82.7%),among which ≥0.3 in 101 eyes(58.4%).Compared with preoperative ones,visual acuity was significantly improved,the difference was significant(χ2=169.17,P<0.01).Although the rupture of posterior capsule occurred in 11 eyes(6.4%)intraoperatively,the operations were all fulfilled and IOL implantations were performed.Postoperatively,transient high intraocular pressure occurred in 9 eyes(5.2%)and mostly recovered with in 1 week after the medication;corneal edema was presented in 29 eyes(16.8%)and healed within 7 days;the inflammation in the anterior chamber and hyphema were mild and recovered to normal in 2 to 12 days.Retinopathies were observed in 88 eyes(50.9%)postoperatively.The causes of small pupil included:diabetes in 86 cases(55.1%);chronic uveitis in 39 cases(25.0%);chronic uveitis combined with diabetes in 22 cases(14.1%);angle-closure glaucoma with long period of medication of miotic eyedrops in 5 cases(3.2%);pupillary defect with unknown causes in 4 cases(2.6%).·CONCLUSION:The effect of small incision non-phaco extracapsular cataract surgery in the treatment of hard nuclear cataract with small pupil is very significant,which should be promoted in primary hospital with high security and few complications.The key to intraoperative procedure is to manage the small pupil.The main cause of the poor postoperative visual acuity is vitreoretinopathy.The causes of small pupil are diabetes and chronic uveitis.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the long-term effect of reformed trabeculectomy.·METHODS:Totally 50 cases 85 eyes of glaucoma received the trabeculectomy with sclera flap(4mm×6mm),and the sclera flap was sutured by three needles(span 4mm)in observed group.50 cases 82 eyes of glaucoma received the conventional trabeculectomy in control group.·RESULTS:The postoperative follow-up period was 8-30 months.Visual acuity was higher than before operation in 7 eyes,5 eyes were worse than before operation,other eyes remained the same(P>0.05).There was significant statistical difference between preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)(P<0.05).There was significant statistical difference between preoperative and post-operative rim area(RA),rim volume(RV)and mRNFL(P<0.05).5 eyes expanded in visual fields relatively,3 eyes decreased,othes remained the same.There was significant statistical difference between two groups in the control rate of IOP,the rate of filtering bleb formation and complications(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:The reformed trabeculectomy can effectively accommodate IOP,reduce complications and improve visual function.It is a safe and effective surgery method.·

Abstract:·AIM:To study the possible mechanism of uveitis by evaluating the expression of cytokines produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells.·METHODS:Peripheral blood was drawn from 30 patients with uveitis and 20 normal people.After separation and short term culture of the mononuclear cells,the amount of IFN-γ,TNF-α and IL-10 in the supernatant were evaluated respectively with ELlSA.·RESULTS:The amount of IFN-γ and TNF-α produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patients were much higher than that in the normal people(P<0.05),and they both correlated well with disease activity of uveitis.IL-10 expression in that of uveitis was little higher than normal control with no statistical significance.·CONCLUSION:The elevated expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α by peripheral blood mononuclear cells may play important role in the pathogenesis of uveitis.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the early change in tear film after vitreous microsurgery and the recovery of tear film in patients with type 2 diabetes.·METHODS:Totally 116 eyes of 116 patients,30 patients with type 2 diabetes(group A)and 86 patients without type 2 diabetes(group B)who underwent 23-gauge or 25-gauge vitreous microsurgery were enrolled in this consecutive control series between March and July in 2009.The contralateral eyes were regarded as control.Uncomfortable symptoms score,break-up time(BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt)and corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)were recorded 1 day before surgery and 1 day,3,10 days,1 and 3 months after surgery in all patients.Data from all ophthalmologic examinations were collected.·RESULTS:Before surgery,30% of patients in group A complained of uncomfortable symptoms such as dry eye and eye itching.Tear secretion and BUT of group A were less than group B but no statistical difference was found between the two groups,17% patients complained of mild pain and red eye.There was no statistical difference existing in CFS score in surgery eyes at each follow-up in both groups,but a significant difference was found between surgery eyes and contralateral eyes 1d and 3d postoperafively(P=0.039).Significant difference of BUT scores of postoperafive eyes in two groups at the first day(P=0.001)was obtained;and there was significant statistical difference(P=0.007)between surgery eyes and non-surgery eyes until 3 days after surgery.No statistical difference between SⅠt and the control group before and after surgery was found,but the secretion of tear of group A was less than the group B.Uncomfortable symptoms scores,BUT,and SIT were significantly different between the surgery eyes and non-surgery eyes of group B 1 day and 3 days after surgery(P<0.05).And significant difference of CFS was found in each test(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:The stability of tear film of type 2 diabetes patient is poorer than normal patients and is more vulnerably affected by surgery at the early period after vitreous microsurgery owing to its poor stability.And the secretion of the tear in diabetes patients is declined and the tear film recovers slowly after the surgery.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the changes of retinal oscillatory potentials(OPs)and visual evoked potentials(VEP)in diabetes patients without the occurrence of retinopathy during different course of the disease.·METHODS:International Standards were adopted to 35 cases 70 eyes with normal OPs and VEP,and 94 patients 188 eyes diagnosed with diabetes without retinopathy occurence were divided into three groups according to duration of disease,and the OPs and VEP were detected.·RESULTS:The experimental group and control group showed reduction of OPs and decrease of VEP peak amplitude.There were statistically significant differences(P<0.01).The comparisons between the experimental groups showed that the longer duration,the lower amplitude OPs,and the lower the peak VEP,the longer the latent time(P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:Before there is fundus lesion in diabetic patients VEP and OPs have been abnormal,and with prolonged duration of diabetes,more obvious changes are observed in the indicators.Therefore,the use of OPs and PVEP for the joint detection underlies early diabetic retinopathy diagnosis.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the effect of laser in situ kerat-omileusis(LASIK)and laser epithelial keratomileusis(LASEK)on central retinal artery(CRA)blood flow.·METHODS:Clinical data of 86 patients 172 eyes underwent LASIK and 17 patients 34 eyes underwent LASEK were collected.CRA peak systolic velocity(PSV)and end diastolic velocity(EDV)in cm/s were recorded using color Doppler.Primary outcomes recorded were CRA-PSV and EDV at preoperative and postoperative 1 month,3 and 6 months;Resistance index(RI)=(PSV-EDV)/PSV;Pulsatility index(PI)=(PSV-EDV)/mV.SPSS 13.0 statistic software package was used for data analysis.·RESULTS:In LASIK group,CRA-PSV,EDV,RI and PI at various time were 9.62±0.40,9.59±0.51,9.65±0.44,9.61±0.49cm/s;3.26±0.38,3.24±0.29,3.22±0.31,3.27±0.34cm/s;0.661±0.040,0.662±0.050,0.656±0.050,0.664±0.040cm/s;1.501±0.020,1.503±0.020,1.502±0.020,1.501±0.020cm/s.In LASEK group,time-varing data were respectively 9.63±0.33,9.58±0.44,9.64±0.29,9.80±0.49cm/s;3.28±0.40,3.27±0.39,3.26±0.38,3.30±0.41cm/s;0.659±0.040,0.658±0.040,0.661±0.030,0.663±0.030cm/s;1.502±0.020,1.501±0.020,1.503±0.020,1.501±0.020cm/s.There were no significant differences between pre-and postoperation at various times.·CONCLUSION:During LASIK and LASEK,impact force and vacuum suction have no adverse effect on CRA blood flow.·

Abstract:·The iridocorneal endothelial syndrome(ICE syndrome)is a group of blinding diseases involving the iris,cornea and anterior chamber angle,clinically classified into primary progressive iris atrophy,Chandler syndrome and Cogan-Reese syndrome.In this paper,research progress in its etiology,pathology,clinical manifestations and treatment were reviewed.·

Abstract:·Lasers have been used to treat glaucoma for nearly 35 years.Recently,selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)as primary therapy for open angle glaucoma(OAG)is more safe and effective.SLT is a new method to reduce intraocular pressure in eyes with OAG.This method of treatment uses a frequency doubled,Q-switched YAG laser rather than an argon wavelength.This form of laser produces a very brief burst of laser energy that targets the melanin content of meshwork cells and selectively ablates them.This is in contrast to the thermal photocoagulation effect of argon treatment,which caused local and collateral damage.·

Abstract:·Wavefront technology has now become an important area of ophthalmology.Aberrometer has great development potential in the treatment of refractive surgery.The design principles of aberrometers include Hartmann-Shack principle,optical tracing principle,Tcherning retinoscopy principle and psychophysical methods.This article summarizes the characteristics and principles of four clinical aberrometers.·

Abstract:·AIM:To establish the senile primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)database aimed at the target intraocular pressure of senile POAG patients for clinical case management and investigation.·METHODS:Based on the POAG review,the datasheet was designed previously,and the senile POAG database was established by Access software.·RESULTS:The senile POAG database of our hospital was established and related network system was formed initially.·CONCLUSION:Establishment of the senile POAG database will benefit collection of the clinical data and provide important evidence for research on POAG.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the poor eyesight situation of pupils and junior middle school students in Baoshan District,Shanghai,and to observe the impact of intervention on the development of myopia.·METHODS:Five schools were selected by randomized cluster sampling in Baoshan District,Shanghai.Eyesight was tested for all students in these five schools.Myopia was defined according to the criteria of Ophthalmonogy encyclopedia.Refraction examination was performed for the students with poor eyesight.Students from two schools with similar conditions were selected and divided in two groups,one intervention group and one control group.The eyesight was tested again after 6 months.·RESULTS:The prevalence of poor eyesight of students surveyed in Baoshan District was higher than the average prevalence in Shanghai.The prevalence of poor eyesight increased with the grade,and it was close to 50% for pupils and exceeded 70% for middle school students.The proportion of mild refractive error decreased and the proportion of severe refractive error increased with the grade,which raised from 10% of grade one to 30% of grade eight.There were neither significant differences of the prevalence of poor eyesight,nor significant differences of the proportion of refractive error between the first and the second eyesight tests for students in each grade.The comparison between the prevalence of poor eyesight before and after the intervention showed that the measures could not prevent the development of myopia,but increased the knowledge of eye protection for students.·CONCLUSION:The prevalence of poor eyesight and the proportion of severe refractive error increase with the grade for primary and middle school students.Enhanced behavior intervention has no significant effect on preventing the development of myopia.·

Abstract:·Practice and experience of ophthalmology for probationers are very important,Which is a process of turning knowledge into reality.We combine different teaching methods and increase passion of ophthalmology students to improve teaching efficacy.·

Abstract:·AIM:To assess and evaluate the teaching quality and exam questions quality through analyzing the final examination paper of ophthalmology from 2006 Grade seven-year specializing in clinical medicine students in Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine.·METHODS:Totally 72 examination papers from 2006 Grade seven-year specializing in clinical medicine students were analyzed with statistics.·RESULTS:The students’ scores showed Gaussian distribution,with the mean score being 82.93±9.26,the degree of difficulty being 0.829,and discrimination being 0.278,and the reliability being 0.636957.·CONCLUSION:The examination paper can make an all around assessment of students’ command of the course,with moderate difficulty and reasonable score distribution.For ophthalmology teaching reform and test paper preparation,the results has certain reference value.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the clinical factors inducing corneal injury after suspension of frontal muscle flap for congenital blepharoptosis in preschool children and to establish preventive measures.·METHORDS:Totally 94 preschool children(108 eyes)with congenital blepharoptosis were treated with suspension of frontal muscle flap.Bell phenomenon,angle eyelash,winking frequency,eyelid closure,fluorescent staining of the cornea and tear film break-up time(BUT)were observed pre-and post-operation.All the results were analyzed with statistical soft.·RESULTS:One week postoperatively,the rate of corneal injury was 10.2%,after 2 weeks all patients were cured.Early postoperative fluorescent staining of the cornea,blinking frequency and BUT compared with preoperation had statistically significant difference.There was no significant difference between preoperation and 2-week postoperation.·CONCLUSION:Suspension of frontal muscle flap is a kind of effective and safe measurement.The occurrence of corneal injury is mainly related with blepharophimosis,trichiasis,reduced blinking,Bell’s phenomenon disappearance and the tear film instability.·

Abstract:·AIM:To estimate the therapeutic effect and safety of small incision phacoemulsification and IOL implantation on uveitis coexisting with cataract.·METHODS:Phacoemulsification with small incision and IOL implantation were performed in 40 eyes of 32 patients through a small corneal incision,and the small pupil and posterior synechia were carefully handled,then the postoperative visual acuity and complications were retrospectively analyzed.·RESULTS:Follow-up 1-13 months(7.6 months in average),all cases were achieved round pupil and visual acuity was improved.Posterior capsule ruptured was in 3 eyes and tridemia occurred in 2 eyes during surgery.Corneal edema,fibrous exudates in anterior chamber,posterior synechia and uveitis recurrence were the main postoperative complications ·CONCLUSION:This method with a small corneal incision can protect iris from injury.It is a safe and effective method for management of uveitis coexisting with cataract,there is little inflammatory reaction,and visual acuity is satisfactory.·

Abstract:·AIM:To analyze the systemic diseases and perioperative treatment in elderly cataract patients,in order to improve the safety of the surgery.·METHODS:The clinical data of the 141 cases 161 eyes in cataract patients with age≥75 years old who underwent cataract surgery-related in Sichuan TCM hospital in the 4 years from January 2005 to December 2008 were observed.·RESULTS:Totally 31 cases with systemic disease patients temporarily gave up surgery after first assessment,accounting for 22.0% of the total number of patients.Six cases in 31 patients were discharged due to serious systemic diseases after treatment.ECG monitoring and continuous low flow oxygen were performed in 45 cases during operation.13 cases with high blood pressure.7 cases with OCR(Oculo-Cardiac reflex).2 cases with cough.Postoperative corrected visual acuity:light perception to <0.05 in 5 eyes,accounting for 3.4%;0.05 to <0.3 in 7 eyes,accounting for 4.7%;≥0.3 in 137 eyes,accounting for 91.9%.·CONCLUSION:The patients with the systemic diseases should be strengthened to assess the preoperative factors before cataract surgery.The systemic diseases should be treated and strictly mastered operative indication and surgical contraindication.ECG monitoring and continuous low-flow oxygen are applied to minimize the risk of surgery.Gentle surgery action is taken to avoid the Oculo-Cardiac reflex.Cataract patients with systemic diseases are appropriate to relax the visual requirements,be operated as soon as possible.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the effect of xinhuang tablet which were applied on the patients with age-related cataract who underwent cataract surgery on preventing postsurgical inflammatory reaction.·METHODS:Totally 121 eyes with age-related cataract who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation were recruited.A group included 40 cases who took xinhuang tablet one day before the surgery,B group with 41 cases took xinhuang tablet after surgery,C group had 40 cases as a comparative group.All the groups used corticosteroid after the surgery routinely,and all the other medicines used on these groups were the same.Symptoms,signs and anterior chamber flare were respectively observed 1 day,3,7,14 and 28 days after surgery.·RESULTS:The integrated scores of symptoms,signs and anterior chamber flare in A group on the 1st day,3rd day and 7th day were lower than group B and group C,significant difference could be found(P<0.05);the integrated scores in B group were lower than comparative group C,significant difference could also be found between the two groups(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:Xinhuang tablet are effective for restraining the early inflammatory reaction after cataract surgery,and the effect can be better when using them one day before surgery.·

Abstract:·AIM:To assess the outcome of trabeculectomy combined with small incision extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation for the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma coexisting with cataract.·METHODS:A retrospective analysis of postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)in 32 patients 56 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma between January 2004 and June 2010 were undertook.All patients had undergone simultaneous trabeculectomy,cataract extraction and posterior chamber IOL implantation.According to the age,the amount of glaucoma damage,and the target pressure,mitomycin C(MMC)was applied in 29 eyes,however 27 eyes were not applied.The mean follow-up duration was 14.2±6.7 months.·RESULTS:The mean IOP was reduced from preoperatively(39.2±10.6)mmHg to postoperatively(13.2±5.5)mmHg in the MMC group,the mean IOP was reduced from preoperatively(30.1±9.2)mmHg to postoperatively(17.5±8.1)mmHg in the cataract extraction and trabeculectomy alone group.Most subjects(88%)were able to discontinue all glaucoma medications.The best-corrected visual acuity was improved in 47 of 56 eyes(84%).·CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy combined with small incision extracapsular cataract extraction and IOL implantation are effective as an initial surgical treatment for open angle glaucoma in glaucoma patients coexisting with cataract.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the effect of vitreous aspiration on the treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma hard-controlled by drug.·METHODS:Totally 60 cases(60 eyes,male 28,female 32)with acute angle-closure glaucoma enrolled in our hospital,24 hours after drug treatment,intraocular pressure(IOP)were still higher than 21mmHg.IOP was 21-35mmHg in 26 eyes(43%),<35-50mmHg in 18 eyes(30%),more than 50mmHg in 16 eyes(27%).Range of vision was light perception to 0.3.All eyes were treated by pars plana vitreous aspiration treatment(aspiration of vitreous fluid 0.4-1.0mL).·RESULTS:IOP was measured at 3 days after surgery,IOP was≤21mmHg in 14 eyes(23%),<21-35mmHg in 29 eyes(48%),<35-50mmHg in 13 eyes(22%),more than 50 mmHg in 4 eyes(7%);increase of visual acuity was two lines in 28 eyes(47%),increase of visual acuity was1 line in 24 eyes(40%),no increase in visual acuity was 8 eyes(13%);anterior chamber depth deepened in 58 eyes(97%);postoperative hyphema in 16 eyes(27%).After IOP were stable,patients were treated with simple anti-glaucoma surgery in 14 eyes,glaucoma,cataract and intraocular lens(IOL)exchange surgery in 28 eyes,cataract extraction and IOL implantation in 18 eyes.During the postoperative follow-up of 6-12 months,IOP was≤17mmHg in 54 eyes,IOP≤21mmHg in 4 eyes,IOP was <21-35mmHg in 2 eyes.Retinal detachment,cystoid macular edema,etc,were not found.·CONCLUSION:The vitreous aspiration in acute angle-closure glaucoma which is difficult to control by drug has a significant effect of lowering IOP.This method provide safe and reliable conditions for the implementation of a variety of glaucoma surgery and help protect and restore visual function.·

Abstract:·AIM:To explore the effect of paracentesis of anterior chamber combined laser peripheral iridectomy(LPI)in treatment of acute attack of primary angle-closure glaucoma.·METHODS:Totally 36 cases 40 eyes of acute attack of primary angle-closure glaucoma were divided into two groups.The combined therapy group was treated by paracentesis of anterior chamber combined LPI,the control group was treated by medicine that could decrease IOP,then intraocular pressure(IOP),anterior chamber angle and the percentage of acute attack stopping and trabeculectomy were observed.·RESULTS:The rate of acute attack stopping was 89% in paracentesis of anterior chamber combined LPI group,and 38%(P <0.05)in control group;In therapy group the rate of trabeculectomy was 32%,in control group it was 76%(P <0.05).·CONCLUSION:The paracentesis of anterior chamber combined LPI have show it’s better efficacy in patients of acute attack of primary angle-closure glaucoma.It can quickly open the closed angle,control IOP.So it can increase the percentage of acute attack stopping and decrease the rate of trabeculectomy.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the surgical skills and prevention of complications of Ahmed valve implantation for refractory glaucoma.·METHODS:This retrospective study reviewed the visual acurity,intraocular pressure(IOP)and complications in 5 refractory glaucoma patients with Ahmed valve implantation from 1999 to 2009.·RESULTS:In the follow-up examination of 6 to 24 months,the IOP was reduced from 43.00±14.71 to 22.60±12.72mmHg.Visual acurity improved in 1 case,continued in 3 cases and decreased in 1 case.The tubes were placed right in 4 cases,the other case touch to cornea.Iris neovascularization reduced in different degrees in 3 NVG.Complications included anterior chamber hemorrhage in 3 cases,anterior chamber fibrous exudation in 4 cases,tube blockage in 2 cases,shallow anterior chamber in 2 cases,anterior chamber disappearance and high IOP in 1 case in final,tube explosure in 1 case.·CONCLUSION:Ahmed glaucoma valve implant is an effective method for treating refractory glaucoma,and the surgical skills will reduce the incidence of early complicaions.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of two methods in treatment of malignant glaucoma.·METHODS:A total of 12 cases 16 eyes with malignant glaucoma after trabeculectomy were operated by two styles.A style:lens nuclear hardness≤2 class,visual acuity≥0.1 undertook sucking corporis vitre hyponome+restitution with anterior chamber infusion gas.B style:lens nuclear hardness≥3 class,visual acuity<0.1 undertook sucking corporis vitre hyponome+cataract removal out of capsule+ intraocular lens implantation+crystalline lens post-membrane and corporis vitre frontal membrane cutdown.·RESULTS:All eyes were treated with drugs for 4~5 days at first.Five cases 7 eyes were operated with A style,7 cases 9 eyes were operated with B style,all had successful outcomes.·CONCLUSION:The operation for malignant glaucoma with A and B styles can control intraocular pressure and protect visual function.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe macula changes in patients after cataract phacoemulsification by optical coherence tomography(OCT).·METHODS:Fifty-six patients were included in this study.The uncomplicated phacoemulsification was performed.OCT was examined preoperatively,1 month and 3 months after surgery.Preoperative visual acuity,the retinal thickness were compared with those after surgery.·RESULTS:Preoperative and 1 month after surgery,the mean foveal thickness was(241.3±9.9)μm and(260.7±16.8)μm,with significant difference(P=0.000).The mean foveal thickness was(245.6±17.6)μm 3 months after surgery without significant difference compared with preoperative(P=0.137).two eyes displayed cystoid macular edema at 1 month after surgery and 1 eye of them was resolved 3 months after surgery.·CONCLUSION:The retinal thickening and macular edema can be found 1 month after uncomplicated cataract phacoemulsification.Three months Postoperatively,macular edema disappears and does not show significant difference compared with preoperative.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide for macular edema.·METHODS:Totally 48 eyes of 48 cases of macular edema were selected,26 cases as experimental group and 22 cases as control group.Both groups were undertook argon green laser grid pattern photocoagulation for macular edema,the experimental group followed by retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide 20mg/0.5mL,the control group were not injected.·RESULTS:Visual acuity were improved after treatment in two groups,during treatment 7 days visual acuity in the experimental group improved in 6 cases.After treatment 1 month,3 months visual acuity improved in two groups,compared the same period,which had a significant difference(P<0.05).Macular retinal thickness measurement:after treatment 7 days,1 month,central macular thickness of both groups measured by OTC were significantly thinner than before,macular edema absorption was obvious in 3 months by FFA.·CONCLUSION:For macular edema,argon green laser combined with retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide is effective with rapid recovery.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the effects of hexuemingmu tablets for retinal hemorrhage caused by retinal vein occlusion.·METHODS:A randomized controlled study was performed on 72 patients(72 eyes).Patients were divided into 2 groups randomly:38 patients in I group(hexuemingmu,38 eyes);34 patients in Ⅱgroup(fufangxueshuantong,34 eyes).The standard of effectiveness:Cure:best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)recovered to the statements before the hemorrhage the case recorded or the level patients expressed,retinal hemorrhage,edema completely absorbed;Markedly:BCVA improved more than three rows compared to the one the case recorded when registered.Effective:BCVA only improved more than one row;Invalid:BCVA is not improved or gets worse.·RESULTS:After six months,BCVA of 68 eyes was improved,the total effective rate was 94%,marked improvement rate was 31%(22 eyes).Cure rate was 10%(7 eyes).In I group:the total effective rate was 97%(37 eyes),marked improvement rate was 39%(15 eyes).Cure rate was 13%(5 eyes).In Ⅱ group:the total effective rate was 91%(31 eyes),marked improvement rate was 21%(7 eyes),cure rate was 7%(2 eyes),the rate of effectiveness of two groups didn’t show statistical difference(P=0.341),while the rate of marked improvement of two groups showed statistical difference(P<0.05)。·CONCLUSION:Hexuemingmu tablets is an effective drug for retinal hemorrhage caused by retinal vein occlusion.It’s helpful in eliminating the hemorrhage and improving the patient’s BCVA.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic chorioretinectomy for traumatic retinal incarceration.·METHODS:Retrospective,consecutive interventional case series of 69 eyes with traumatic retinal incarceration were treated with a 20 gauge three-port pars plana vitrectomy.The operative technique included prophylactic chorioretinectomy,endophotocoagulation,intraocular tamponade and scleral buckling procedure.·RESULTS:Sixty-nine eyes of 69 patients were followed for median of 11±6(range from 4 to 27)months.The rate of retinal reattachment was 91%(63/69).The rate of proliferative vitreoretinopathy was 14%(10/69).Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)≥0.1 occurred in 31 patients(45%).Globe survival rate was 99%(68/69).·CONCLUSION:Prophylactic chorioretinectomy is a surgical option that may increase the rate of final retinal reattachment and decrease the rate of proliferative vitreoretinopathy for traumatic retinal incarceration.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the comparision of postoperative complications between with and without Ando hole in vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy.·METHODS:The patients who were treated with vitrectomy surgery combined with PEA and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation were retrospectively analyzed,including 90 cases(95 eyes)with Ando hole and 92 cases(98 eyes)without Ando hole in department of ophthalmology of the first hospital of China Medical University.The incidences of postoperative complications-posterior synechia of the iris,IOP rising caused by atretopsia were observed.·RESULTS:There were 15 eyes with atretopsia and 12 eyes with IOP raising in control group.There were 14 eyes with atretopsia and none with IOP rising in control group.There were no significant differences in the incidences of atretopsia and posterior synechia of the iris between the two groups,but the incidences of IOP rising were significantly different between the two groups.·CONCLUSION:Ando hole can avoid IOP rising caused by atretopsia in vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate,evaluate and analyze clinical effect of vitrectomy for endogenous Klebsiella endophthalmitis.·METHODS:A total of 11 patients(12 eyes)with endogenous Klebsiella endophthalmitis underwent vitrectomy.According to the condition of retina,they were accompanied with membrane peeling and silicone oil tamponade during vitrectomy.·RESULTS:Postoperatively,vitreous cavities of 12 eyes were all clear,visual acuity was better than before.3 eyes(25%)achieved final visual of 0.1-0.3.The follow-up time was 3 months,and only 2 eyes developed lens opacity.·CONCLUSION:Vitrectomy is an effective method for endogenous Klebsiella endophthalmitis.·

Abstract:·AIM:To explore the risk factors and the method for improving the prognosis in enucleation of eyeball and evisceration.·METHODS:A retrospective analysis of 89 cases(89 eyes)in Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region was made through distribution of age,medical reasons,the selection of operations.·RESULTS:In recent years the main risk factors of enucleation of eyeball and evisceration were ocular trauma and its complications.·CONCLUSION:The good self-protection and the timely and effective treatment after ocular trauma are the key points to retain eyeball.Appropriate process and timing of hydroxyapatite(HA)implanting will be good for the prognosis.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe clinical features and effects of early surgery for ocular torticollis in infants.·METHODS:Clinical data of 70 infants with ocular torticollis were retrospectively analyzed.Preoperative exam of the Bielschowsky’s head tilt test,nine cardinal field of gaze and fundus photography,the ocular muscle anomaly was analyzed,then the reason of ocular torticollis was diagnosed.The angle horizontal strabismus was calculated by the computer-aided strabismus diagnosis technology.The patients with superior oblique palsy and overacting inferior oblique muscle,were treated with inferior oblique myectomy,The different ways of surgery were designed for other patients with different type of the strabismus.The quantity of horizontal strabismus surgery was decided by the computer-aided strabismus diagnosis technology for patients with horizontal strabismus.·RESULTS:All the patients can be found to be connected with the primary affection.The most common cause was simple unilateral superior oblique palsy,54 patients(77%).All patients were treated by surgery.After primary surgery,64 patiennts(91%)with head tilt were completely curd or improved in half a year,6 patients were failed.The three of 6 patients were treated with secondary surgery,all the three patients had their head tilt a complete cure or improved.All the horizontal strabismus was cured in primary surgery for 11 patients(16%)with horizontal strabismus.·CONCLUSION:There are different causes of ocular torticollis in infants,early surgery can obtain satisfactory results.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the clinical efficacy of oral fuming tablet,sodium hyaluronate eye drops for dry eye syndrome of deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin type.·METHODS:The randomly selected 60 patients(120 eyes)with dry eye syndrome of deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin type were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,each of 30 patients(60 eyes),Treatment group were treated with oral fuming tablet plus sodium hyaluronate eye drops;control group were treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops only.Treatment and observation lasted for two months.It was based on clinical symptoms and Schirmer I test(SⅠt),break-up time(BUT),corneal fluorescein staining and other tests to score.·RESULTS:Compared with before treatment,the differences of test results of BUT,SⅠt,corneal fluorescein staining of two groups after treatment were statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group,it was 75.0% in the control group.The treatment group was superior to the control group(P<0.01),with statistical significance.·CONCLUSION:The clinical efficacy of oral fuming tablet combined with sodium hyaluronate eye drops for dry eye syndrome of deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin type is superior to that of the simple use of sodium hyaluronate eye drops.·

Abstract:·AIM:To research the refractive changes in preschool children,to provide information for the prevention and treatment of the ametropia.·METHODS:Totally 466 children aged 3 years old were examined with Suresight hand-held refractometer and followed up for 4 years.·RESULTS:Hypermetropia and the complex hypermetropic astigmatism decreased with the age increase.Emmetropia and spherical myopia increased with the age increase.The axis of astigmatism was quite stable.The spherical diaopter and the cylinder diopter decreased with the age increase.The referent value of all aged groups were gained.·CONCLUSION:It is necessary to investigate the development of refraction in children.Refraction are very important in children’s eye care and the criteria of abnormal refraction in preschool children identified by the age should be paid more attention.·

Abstract:·AIM:To explore the causes and clinical effects of laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)for adult myopic anisometropia.·METHODS:Bilateral eyes of 104 patients with myopic anisometropia more than 2.50 diopters were divided into the high diopter group and the low diopter group,then 186 eyes were treated with LASIK.The mean refraction,the difference of binocular anisometropia,ocular axis,uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)were statistically analyzed before and after LASIK.·RESULTS:Six months after LASIK,UCVA was improved significantly,the difference of binocular anisometropia was significantly decreased,and BCVA was kept at the level of pre-operation or improved much better than the level of pre-operation in all cases.The high diopter group and the low diopter group had about the same corneal curvature and the significantly different ocular axis before operation.Six months after LASIK,the corneal curvature was significantly decreased and ocular axis was kept at the level of pre-operation in all cases.·CONCLUSION:The main cause of myopic anisometropia more than 2.50 diopters in adult is the difference of ocular axis between bilateral eyes.LASIK for myopic anisometropia is an effective,safe and predictable procedure.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the reasons and enlightenment for re-operation of intraocular lens(IOL)off after vitrectomy and double-loop suture.·METHODS:From June 2005 to September 2007,9 patients with IOL off after vitrectomy and loop suture were reoperated with loop suture of IOL under local anesthesia.Non-degradable sutures were used,without affecting the optical zone to retain the original IOL as much as possible,the loop was sutured again symmetrically and no tension as far as possible.·RESULTS:The results were followed up for 3-5 years.Compared with preoperative,visual acuity was significantly improved and IOL was stable.·CONCLUSION:There are several reasons for IOL off after loop suture:external force,IOL material,loop suture degradation,thread tension.By avoiding these factors as much as possible,a small invasive surgery can be done again to obtain better visual acuity and stabilize the therapeutic effect.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate efficacy,complications and treatment of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation for cataract with high myopia.·METHODS:Form November 2006 to December 2009,48 patients 53 eyes underwent phacoemulsification,the results of treatment and complications were analyzed.·RESULTS:The results were followed up for 3 to 6 months.3 months after surgery,axial length was<30mm in a total of 45 eyes,visual acuity was ≥ 0.5 in 31 eyes(58%);axial length was 30mm in a total of 8 eyes,visual acuity was ≥ 0.5 in 2 eyes(4%).Intraoperative complications:posterior capsule rupture in 6 eyes(11%).Postoperative complications:corneal edema in 16 eyes(30%),wound leakage in 2 eyes(4%),delayed uveitis in 4 eyes(8%).·CONCLUSION:Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation is a safe and effective method for cataract with high myopia,without serious complications.·

Abstract:·AIM:To study the effect on cataract treated by phacoemulsification with scleral tunnel incision and implantation of the PMMA posterior chamber lens.·METHODS:There were 256 cases 295 eyes with cataract who underwent corneal tunnel incision and phacoe-mulsification.·RESULTS:There were 224 eyes(75.9%)whose vision exceeded 0.5 three months postoperatively.Retinal detachment and macular vesicular edema did not appear.·CONCLUSION:Phacoemulsification with scleral tunnel incison has many merits such as small incision and low astigmia.It can prevent complications and recover the visual function quickly.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of capsular tension ring(CTR)implantation in cataract surgery.·METHODS:Twelve cases 12 eyes with subluxation lens had cataract surgery.After continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(CCC)and phacoemulsification,foldable intraocular lenses(IOL)were implanted after CTR implantation in the capsular.·RESULTS:Twelve cases(12 eyes)with subluxation lens underwent CTR and posterior chamber IOL implantation successfully.All patients’ visual acuities were improved.IOL were in the good position.No significant complications occurred.·CONCLUSION:CTR may prevent IOL deviation and decrease complications in surgery.·

Abstract:·AIM:To report the application of surface anesthesia in binoculus for phacoemulsification in 115 cases.·METHODS:The surface anesthesia regimen consisted of 4g/L Alcaine.Phacoemulsification was performed through a scleral tunnel incision.The one-piece PMMA or three-piece silicon intraocular lens was implanted.·RESULTS:Totally 85 percent of 115 cases had not any pain during the surgery,15 percent felt pain during different operative stages.12 cases felt pain caused by epithelium’s loss,35 cases felt foreign body sensation,dry and discomfort;that contralateral eye discomfort occurred in 15 cases,including two cases of mild visual loss.All cases recovered in a week.·CONCLUSION:The phacoemulsification under surface anesthesia of binoculus is safe and effective.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe clinical effect of phacoemulsification and goniosynechialysis for angle-closure glaucoma with cataract.·METHODS:Totally 56 patients 56 eyes with cataract and angle-closure glaucoma underwent transparent corneal insision of cataract phacoemulsification and goniosynechialysis by surface anaesthesia and retrobulbar anaesthesia.·RESULTS:Intraocular pressure(25-30mmHg)was elevated in 5 eyes in 4 days,and in the follow-up of 3-24 months,intraocular pressure decreased to normal range after treatment.Visual acuity,central anterior chamber depth and angle were improved after operation.·CONCLUSION:For patients with angle-closure glaucoma and cataract,phacoemulsification and goniosynechialysis is a convenient,safe and effective method,and have the effects of depressurization and improving vision.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the clinical effect of soft corneal contact lens for perforated corneal ulcer.·METHODS:Twenty-four cases 24 eyes with perforated corneal ulcer were treated by soft corneal contact lens,in which fourteen cases 14 eyes were with bacterial corneal ulcer,eight cases 8 eyes were with viral corneal ulcer,two cases 2 eyes were with fungual corneal ulcer.Combination therapy was chosen according to different causes of disease.The soft corneal contact lens was cleaned after one week,changed after three weeks until ulcer healed.·RESULTS:In 24 cases 24 eyes of perforated corneal ulceration patients,anterior chamber was formed after 1-2 days,corneal epithelium covered,corneal stromal layer fiber mesh scaffolds formed after 5-10 days,20-32 days later corneal ulcer healed perforated area closed well.Vision had improved with different degrees.·CONCLUSION:It is a safe and effective adjunctive therapy to cure perforated corneal ulceration with soft corneal contact lens.·

Abstract:·AIM:To pay more attention to fungal keratitis and find the best treatment by reporting and analysing fungal keratitis caused by fingernail scratch.·METHODS:There were 5 patients 5 eyes with fungal keratitis caused by fingernail scratch.The clinical syndroms,laboratory examination,treatment and prognosis were retrospectively reported and analyzed.·RESULTS:After comprehensive therapy,all the cases got satisfied clinical effect,2 eyes recovered transparent,visual acuity was 0.8;1 eye was nebula,visual acuity was 0.8;2 eyes were leukoma,visual acuity was 0.25.·CONCLUSION:It is very important to pay more attention in the clinical therapy effect for the keratitis especially for those caused by fingernail scratch.Besides,comprehensive therapy is the preferred treatment to fungal keratitis.·

Abstract:·AIM:To disscus the effect of the vitrectomy and scleral buckling for complicated retinal detachment.·METHODS:Totally 27 cases with complicated retinal detachment were treated by vitrectomy and scleral buckling,complicated retinal detachment included choroidal detachment associated with retinal detachment,pathological myopia associated with retinal detachment,vitreous hemorrhage with retinal detachment,proliferative vitreoretinopathy,recurrent retinal detachment after pars plana vitrectany,recurrent retinal detachment after silicone oil fill.·RESULTS:Retina was attached completely in 24 cases(89%).Complications included high intraocular pressure.·CONCLUSION:Vitrectomy and scleral buckling is an effective way to treat complicated retinal detachment.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the effects of the 532nm laser for closure of retinal dry holes.·METHODS:Retinal dry holes of 166 eyes of 154 cases were closed with 532nm laser.·RESULTS:During the follow-up,holes of 166 eyes of 154 cases were closed,complications or retinal detachment were not found.·CONCLUSION:Dry retinal holes closed with 532nm laser is convenient with little tissue damage and good effect.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe the clinical curative effect of auto-corneal limbus stem cell transplantation and amniotic membrane transplantation for pterygium.·METHODS:The excision of pterygium with auto-corneal limbus stem cell transplantation and amniotic membrane transplantation were performed in 62 patients(including patients with recurrent pterygium).All operations were conducted by microscope.The survival time and recurrence rate were observsd.·RESULTS:Only 1 eye recurred.The recurrence rate was 1% after one year’s follow-up.·CONCLUSION:This operation is simple,safe and efficient.It can reduce the recurrence rate obviously.·

Abstract:·AIM:To observe therapeutic effects of transplantation of auto corneal limbus stem cell for treating pterygium.·METHODS:The clinical data,operation condition and results of 37 cases 37 eyes who were performed excision of pterygium combined with transplantation of auto corneal limbus stem cell were analyzed retrospectly from January 2009 to Junuary 2010.·RESULTS:A total of 37 cases 37 eyes were followed-up for 6 months postoperatively.Pterygium didn’t recur,corneal endothelium was stable and wound healing was good.·CONCLUSION:The method of preventing pterygium from recurrence by performing excision of pterygium combined with transplantation of auto corneal limbus stem cell is good for the patients.·

Abstract:·AIM:To evaluate the changes of corneal refraction after different pterygium surgery.·METHODS:A total of 43 eyes with primary pterygium were included in the study;They were divided into 2 groups:pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft transpIantation performed in A group(21 cases 21 eyes),pterygium excision with corneal limbal stem cell transplantation performed in B group(22 cases 22 eyes).Naked visual acuity,corneal curvature and corneal astigmatism were measured and compared in preoperative,postoperative 2 weeks.·RESULTS:In group A and B,the results of naked visual acuity,corneal curvature and corneal astigmatism in postoperative 2 weeks were different to that of preoperative with statistical significance.While the changes in postoperative 2 weeks had no statistical singificance difference between two groups.·CONCLUSION:The surgery for pterygium can change the corneal refraction.Both pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft transplantation and pterygium excision with limbal stem cell transplantation can decrease astigmatism degree and improve visual acuity.·

Abstract:·AIM:To determine the characteristic of intraocular pressure(IOP)distribution in retired people and its relation with age and gender.·METHODS:The 4356 retired people aged 50 or over were clustered sample.One eye of each subject was selected for data analysis,and then the IOP was measured by a non-contact tonometer.Whether the age and gender of the retired people had impact on the IOP was analyzed.·RESULTS:Valid data were obtained in 4297 people,the mean IOP was 16.33±4.44mmHg.IOP of aged≥70 was significantly lower than that of aged<70,P<0.05.There was no significant difference between male and female,P>0.05.·CONCLUSION:IOP is influenced by age rather than gender.IOP distribution is a Gaussian-like curve,with the mean value 16.33±4.44mmHg.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the clinic efficacy and complications of the first stage implantation of Chinese hydroxyapatite(HA)orbital in patients after evisceration.·METHODS:A total of 20 patients 20 eyes in the hospital with the surgery of the first stage implantation of Chinese HA orbital after evisceration from 2004 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.12 cases were male,while 8 cases were female.The patients were observed the level of postoperative painful degree,the time of chemosis and conjunctiva healing,the exposion rate of HA.The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 8 months(6 months in average).·RESULTS:All 20 patients 20 eyes were successfully implanted Chinese HA orbital.The orbit was replete and the mobility of eyeball was satisfactory,with no case of rejection reaction.·CONCLUSION:The first stage implantation of Chinese HA orbital is an ideal mode of clinical treatment after evisceration.·

Abstract:·AIM:To investigate the personalized care management in the eyes of cataract surgery patients.·METHODS:Form February 2007 to August 2010,482 cataract patients were treated in our hospital,of which 241 cases were taken to the operating room and general care after surgery,and the remaining 241 patients were treated with personalized care management.After discharge,statistics of satisfaction survey for personalized patient care in operating room was taken.·RESULTS:In the observation group,patient satisfaction rate with personalized care was 98.8%;in the control group,patient satisfaction rate with general care was 89.6%.·CONCLUSION:The personalized nursing management has good clinical effects on cataract surgery treatment.·

Abstract:·AIM:To improve the effect of health education in cataract patients,the working efficiency of the nurses and satisfaction of patients.·METHODS:Totally 832 cataract eyes who underwent phacoemulcification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation were divided into two groups.Health eductation of 412 eyes(control group)were conducted in traditional way,while 420 eyes(trial group)were conducted by way of collective lecturing,projecting slides,demonstrations in interactive approach.·RESULTS:The acknowledgement of health education,the persistency,compliance of patients in trial group were significantly better than that of patients in control group(P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:Collective health education targeted at patients of single disease improve the effect of health education,working efficiency of the nurses and satisfaction of patients.·