Abstract:AIM:To compare cell-suspension and explant culture of mouse corneal epithelial cells(MCEC).METHODS:MCEC were cultured by cell-suspension culture and explant culture,respectively.Colony forming efficiency(CFE) and cell proliferation were determined.The expression of corneal epithelial progenitor cell marker p63 and K19,as well as differentiation marker K12 was investigated by Western blotting.RESULTS:Twenty of 25(80%) cornea explant were successfully subcultured to passage1(P1),while only 12% cell-suspension culture were successfully subcultured to P1.There were statistical significance between explant culture and cell-suspension culture(P<0.01).Up to 55% of P1 cells in explant culture were passaged over P10 and were stably subcultured though at least 25 passages.However,cells cultured in suspension culture never achieved confluence in P2.CEF of P1 in explant culture was higher than P1 in cell-suspension culture(P=0.02) and CEF of P20 in explant culture was higher than P1 in explant(P=0.001).Immunostaining images showed expression of p63 and K19 in cell-suspension culture P1 and explant culture P1 and P20.K12 was expressed in P1 of both cell-suspension culture and explant culture,however,there was not K12 expressed in P20 of explant culture.CONCLUSION:In MECE culture,compared with cell-suspension culture,the explant culture is a preferable option.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the clinical therapeutic effects of human umbilical vein (HUV)implantation and mitomycin C (MMC) in non-penetrating trabecular surgery (NPTS).METHODS:A total of 32 patients (46 eyes) with uncontrolled primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were divided into two groups: HUV+MMC group (n=25), SKGEL+MMC group (n=21). The procedure commenced with the creation of a limbus based conjunctival flap. After the dissection of a superficial limbus based rectangular scleral flap, MMC(0.4mg/mL) was used superior and inferior surface of the superficial scleral flap for three minutes. A second limbus based scleral flap was carefully dissected beneath the previous one towards the choroid. Schlemm’s canal was deroofed during the extension of the deep scleral flap toits limbal edges. HUV or SKGEL fixed on the bed of sclera in experimental group. Postoperative examinations were performed at 1 week,2,4 weeks;2,6,12 months. IOP,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), functional blebs and success rate were examined.RESULTS: There were no statistically differences with postoperative IOP in HUV+MMC group and SKGEL+MMC group (P>0.05) during 1 week to 12 months. There was no difference with postoperative function blebs and the change of BCVA during 1 week to 12 months between HUV+MMC group and SKGEL+MMC group (P>0.05).At 12 months after surgery, the success rate was 84% in HUV+MMC group,86% in SKGEL+MMC group.CONCLUSION: The application of HUV in NPTS can prevent the adhesion of filtering channel and it can improve the success rate of NPTS. Compared with SKGEL, HUV has lower price. So it is a better implant.

Abstract:AIM:To study the characteristics of retinal detachment surgery after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).METHODS: Eleven eyes of ten patients that experienced rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after LASIK procedure participated in the study. The characteristics of retinal detachment, management and complications after surgery were analyzed . RESULTS: Retinal detachment was characterized by the large percentage of multiple peripheral holes (73%) and giant tears (27%). All eyes underwent sclera buckling, and three of them combined with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil tamponade. Silicone oil was removed after 1 month. Retina was reattached successfully at the first retinal detachment surgery in all eyes except one that succeeded at the fourth time. One eye of LASIK flap dehiscence and one eye of corneal subepithelial opacity occurred after surgery.CONCLUSION: Patients after LASIK should be carefully examined under pupillary dilation during follow-up. Sclera buckling is necessary to most retinal detachment after LASIK, and corneal protection is important in the treatment.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the clinical feature and treatment of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess. METHODS: A total of 9 eyes (7 cases) with endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess in our hospital from 2005 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Microorganism was cultivated with blood or vitreous in all patients.4 eyes were performed vitrectomy. 2 eyes were injected antibiotics in vitreous cavity. 3 eyes were only treated with antibiotics.RESULTS: Two cases (2 eyes) were diagnosed with endophthalmitis firstly, then found liver abscess; 4 eyes were with diabetes mellitus, and 1 eye with abnormal glucose tolerance. Cultivation of microorganism was positive in 6 eyes (67%), including Pneumonia cray-research, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. 5 eyes had useful vision after treatment, 1 eye had light perception,3 eyes became blindness. CONCLUSION: As an ocular emergency, endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess can severely damage visual function. Timely consultation, early diagnosis, proper systemic and topical anti-infective and anti-inflammatory treatment are the most effective methods for controlling infection. Vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics plays an important role in preserving useful vision function in patients.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the effect of binocular visual function training in pediatric ocular trauma. METHODS: There were 76 patients (76 eyes) that were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of ocular injury at the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University between January 2006 and December 2009. Binocular visual function training was given after primary wound repair. Far stereopsis function were checked using AIT-1000 synoptophore fusion, and near stereopsis function was checked using Titmus stereogram.Binocular visual function was compared before and after training. RESULTS: Before binocular visual function training,26 eyes(34%)had no binocular vision, after training there were only 16 eyes(21%) without binocular vision. Before undertaking binocular visual function training with fusion, only 27 eyes (36%) had binocular vision, after the training there were 48 eyes (63%) with binocular vision. Before undertaking binocular visual function training with far stereopsis ,there were 23 eyes (30%) with binocular vision, after the training there were 29 eyes (38%). Before binocular visual function training with near stereopsis, there were 14 eyes (18%) with binocular vision, after the training there were 33 eyes (43%) with binocular vision. There was a significant difference in the number of patients with binocular vision before and after binocular visual function training. CONCLUSION:The training is useful for the reconstruction of binocular visual function in pediatric ocular trauma. 

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effect of resveratrol on expression of nuclear factor-kappe B (NF-κB) and IL-6 concentration in acute ocular hypertension rabbits model.METHODS:The New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into treated group, control group and normal group. Before setting up the model of acute high intraocular pressure,the resveratrol 30mg/kg(3mL) was injected into abdominal cavity of treated group’s rabbits for 7 days, an acute ocular hypertension model of 90 mmHg (1kPa=7.5mmHg) was induced after 90 minutes’ anterior chamber infusion at the eighth day . Specimen was obtained at 24 hours after the ocular hypertension. In control group normal saline was used instead of resveratrol; For the normal group, specimen was obtained without the above treatment. The specimen was removed for microscopic examination, and the expression of NF-κB was studied by immunohistochemical examination, and blood serum was collected to detect IL-6 concentration.RESULTS:Compared with the normal group, the expression of NF-κB in retinal ganglial cells(RGC) and IL-6 concentration in treated group and control group were significantly up-regulated; Compared with the control group, the expression of NF-κB in RGC and IL-6 concentration in treated group were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:Through decreasing the expression of NF-κB and IL-6 concentration, resveratrol can reduce the RGC damages. It may play a protective role on the retina in glaucoma pathology.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the impact of anisodine (AT3) combined with dexamethasone (Dex) treatment on the flash visual evoked potentials ( F-VEP) and electroretinogram (ERG) of SD rats after optic nerve contusionMETHODS: Thirty adult female SD rats,taken their left eyes as experimental eyes, were divided into A, B, C groups using random numbers, and gripped optic nerve 6 seconds with noninvasive pressure-constant reverse tweezers to establish optic nerve contusion models.Group A was given caudal vein injection of 0.25mL (0.5mg) Dex one day before setting up the model, as well as retrobulbar injection of 0.25mL AT3 in the left eye; Caudal veins of group B was injected the same amount of normal saline by retrobulbar injection; Group C was given both intravenous and retrobulbar injection of normal saline. P1 wave of the F-VEP and b-wave amplitude and peak latency changes of ERG in 3 groups were recorded and compared before and 0.5,1 day,7,14 days after modeling.RESULTS: In group C , 0.5 day after optic nerve injury, F-VEP amplitude decreased significantly when compared with the normal . Peak latency 1 day after modeling had statistical significance when compared with the normal, and peak latency and amplitude decreased progressively during the observation time. In group B 7 days after modeling, the F-VEP amplitude was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.031), peak latency shorter than the control group (P=0.012). In group C 7 days after modeling, the F-VEP amplitude was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.042), peak latency shorter than the control group (P=0.019).CONCLUSION:Curative effect of AT3 combined with Dex on the recovery of nerve conduction after optic nerve contusion in rats is significantly higher than that of alone applications of Dex.

Abstract:AIM:To determine the change of intracellular free Ca2+ in trabecular meshwork cells (TMC) under the influence of genistein(Gen) through laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM).METHODS: TMC were obtained through the method of tissue cultured. Loaded with Fluo-3/AM, the value of [Ca2+]i was obtained by dynamically scanning changes of intracellular fluorescent intensity after application of genistein with different density.RESULTS:The application of genistein (10-6,10-5,10-4mol/L, final concentration) led to an decrease in [Ca2+]i and especially 10-5mol/L genistein led to a significant decrease in [Ca2+]i: from 328.62±16.77 to 309.69±16.57 (n=8,P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Genistein with a certain density may decrease the resistance to the outflow of aqueous by relaxing TMC and lead to an decrease of IOP.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effects of berbamine on fibroblasts in Tenon’s capsule and filtering channel of rabbits.METHODS: Rabbit Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts were treated with berbamine at different concentrations (0-100mg/L) for different hours. CCK8 assay was used to determine proliferation inhibition of rabbit Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts. Flow cytometry was performed to examine cell cycle profile and cell apoptosis rate in response to berbamine treatment. Conjunctive and sclera of filtering area of the rabbits suffered trabeculectomy were examined by pathologic histology examination.RESULTS: Berbamine inhibited the proliferation of rabbit Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts treated by berbamine were arrested at G1 phase and apoptotic cells increased from 0.64% to 31.86% after treatment with berbamine at 20mg/L for 9 hours (P<0.01). HE stain showed fibroblasts in filtering channel of rabbit were inhibited significantly by berbamine.CONCLUSION: Berbamine could inhibit the growth of fibroblasts in vitro and vivo in rabbit Tenon’s capsule and filtering channel. The induction of cell apoptosis might be one of the mechanisms for suppressing the growth of fibroblasts.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the protective effect of extract of ginkgo biloba leaves(EGb)on the activity of retinal ganglion cells(RGC)in the continuous high intraocular pressure(IOP) SD rats.METHODS:Totally 20 healthy SD rats were established continuous high IOP models by cauterizing two episcleral vessels in the left eye. Then 12 rats satisfying experimental level(IOP>26mmHg) were selected and divided randomly into two groups, group A(control group) and group B(EGb treated group), 6 rats in each group. EGb was irrigated into the stomachs of rats in the treated group at the dose of 150mg/kg per day. The rat eyes were excised and made into eyeball samples after one month.The paraffin-embedded slides were stained with silver staining for nucleolar organizer region(AgNOR) to observe and count stained grains in RGC nucleus. RESULTS: Stained grains of RGC nucleus in model eye of group A was 1.33±0.07/cell,and group B was 1.83±0.09/cell, There was significant difference between group A and group B(P<0.05). Stained grains were more in group B than group A. Stained grains in RGC nucleus of the high IOP with EGb treated subgroup were more than those of the simple high IOP eyes. Stained grains were obviously decreased in the high IOP eye according to the normal IOP eye. Statistical significance was found between the high IOP eye and the normal IOP eye in the two groups (P<0.05) .CONCLUSION: Continuous high IOP in rats by cauterizing the episcleral vessels can result in the decrease of stained grains in RGC nucleus. EGb may have partial protective effect in RGC activity of high IOP rats.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in human lens, and discuss the correlation between the level of PEDF in human lens epithelial cells(LEC) and some lens-related pathophysiological conditions.METHODS: Lens anterior capsules attached with LEC were collected from cataract surgeries in patients with senile and congenital cataract. Human clear lens were obtained from eye bank. PEDF expression and location were detected in above frozen sections specimens by indirect immunofluorescence with polyclonal antibodies specific to human PEDF. Anterior lens capsules with LEC were respectively pooled, and grouped as following: clear lens, slight opacity, severe opacity, young and aged. In each group, PEDF protein levels were analyzed by Western-blot,and mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR.RESULTS: PEDF protein was present in human lens, with mainly cytoplasmic expression in LEC. We firstly revealed the down-regulation of PEDF mRNA and protein levels in LEC, with the appearance and aggravation of senile cataract (P<0.01), and in aged cases as compared with young ones(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The expression level of PEDF in LEC down-regulates with lens aging,cataract formation and progression.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the changes of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) in plasma and aqueous humor of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its clinical significance.METHODS: Research objects were the patients with diabetic mellitus (DM) in the First Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from August of 2010 to December of 2010. According to DR, the patients were divided into non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group and DR group. DR group was divided into background diabetic retinopathy (BDR) group, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group according to disease course. Normal control group was set, plasma group with 40 cases and aqueous humor group with 28 cases were collected, and they were analyzed by ABC-ELISA. RESULTS: The levels of aqueous humor HMGB-1 in patients with DM were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Of patients with diabetes, according to DR course, HMGB-1 concentration had not the obvious difference (P>0.05). HMGB-1 concentration in plasma of patients with diabetes had no obvious difference compared with control group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: HMGB-1 may play an important role in the occurrence of DR, but it has no obvious relation with DR pathological process.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the early dynamic changes of biometric parameters in guinea pigs model. METHODS: Twenty guinea pigs (age of 3 weeks) were randomly assigned to two groups: monocularly deprived facemask (MDF) group (n=10) and normal control group (n=10). All animals underwent biometric measurement (refraction, axial length and OCT) prior to the experiment. All animals in the MDF group underwent biometric measurement at each of the 5 time points (2, 4, 6, 10 and 14 days of form deprivation). RESULTS: In MDF group, choroidal thickness in experimental eye had become thinner than contralateral eye at 10, 14 days, but there were no significant differences between experimental eye and normal control eye.CONCLUSION: In early deprivation of guinea pigs’eyes, there is no significantly pathological and retinal thickness change. However, there is a trend towards shorter choroidal thickness.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the effect of tanshinone ⅡA on proliferation and apoptosis of human pterygium fibroblasts (HPF) in culture and search for a new method to prevent the recurrence after pterygium surgery.METHODS:HPF was incubated with 0-320mg/L tanshinone ⅡA for 24-96 hours.The MTT method was used to assay the biologic activities of the tanshinone ⅡA in different time and different doses. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in each group was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The cell cycle distribution was measured by flow cytometic analysis. RESULTS: Administration of 80mg/L tanshinone ⅡA for 48 hours could significantly inhibit HPF proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner (P<0.05).Tanshinone ⅡA (80-320mg/L) could inhibit the expression of PCNA in HPF in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Tanshinone ⅡA can significantly inhibit HPF proliferation and induce its apoptosis.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the short-term and long-term accommodative efficacy of 1CU accommodating intraocular lens (AIOL). METHODS:This prospective study comprised 26 cases (34 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of 1CU AIOL from 2006 to 2008, and all the cases were investigated for 2 years. The main outcome measures were uncorrected and best-corrected distance and near visual acuity, and amplitude of accommodation with subjective techniques of near point and defocusing. In addition, posterior capsule opacification were assessed.RESULTS: The results of uncorrected, best-corrected distance and near visual acuity, and amplitude of accommodation among 1 and 6 months were good in all cases, and the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Distance and near visual performance worsened after 1-year contrast to 6 months (P<0.05). Amplitude of accommodation with subjective techniques of near point and defocusing were (1.65±0.88)D,(1.78±0.67)D at 6 months, (1.24±0.66)D, (1.15±0.62)D at one year, (0.92±0.44)D, (0.71±0.37)D at two years, respectively, and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). Posterior capsule opacifcation were present, respectively, in 29% (10/34) of patients at one year and in 47% (16/34) of patients at two years. CONCLUSION: Patients implanted with 1CU AIOL have good near and distance visual acuity, and amplitude of accommodation during the early term after surgery. But some of them lost their accommodation capacities with time because of the high incidence of posterior capsule opacification. The accommodative lens material and design may have played a role in capsulefibrosis.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the operative difficulty of cataract operation in an eye with shorter axial length and discuss its preventive measures of the complications.METHODS: To operate extracapsular extirpation cataract with minor incision for 57 cases (63 eyes). To operate cataract phacoemulsification for 71 cases (82 eyes). Their ocular axial lengths were 20.26 to 22.11mm. We observed the vision after operation and the complications of two groups in contrast.RESULTS: Among these patients, the minor incision group, whose vision exceeded 0.5 in the first postoperative week accounted for 86% and cataract phacoemulsification group 87%.The best corrected vision exceeding 0.5 after three months was 94% and 94%, among these patients, corrected vision exceeding 0.8 was 49% and 51%.There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Corneal edema: there were 17% in minor incision group and 20% in cataract phacoemulsification group. Posterior capsular rupture: there were 5% in minor incision group and 5% in cataract phacoemulsification group. Iris injury: there were 3% in minor incision group and 1% in cataract phacoemulsification group.CONCLUSION: The cataract operation in an eye with shorter axial length is hard to perform. With the reduction of the intraocular pressure before operation, the correct technique of incision in the operation, the help of Viscoat viscoelastic material, the maintenance of deep anterior chamber and the convenient technique to hard nucleus, the patients can obtain satisfactory operative results.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate visual quality and the quality of life in patients after the implantation of the apodized diffractive Acrysof ReSTOR multifocal intraocular lens(IOL).METHODS:Sixty-seven patients (70 eyes) with age-related cataract were divided into two groups.Thirty cases (33 eyes) were performed with phacoemulsification and implanted with the apodized diffractive Acrysof ReSTOR multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL), and the other 37 cases (37 eyes)were implanted with AcrySof Natrural monofocal intraocular lens (SIOL).The uncorrected distance and near visual acuity, best distance and near visual acuity and intermediate uncorrected visual acuity were examined after surgery in all patients. Contrast sensitivity function was tested. The quality of life was observed by questionnaire at 3 months and 1 year. RESULTS:There was no significant difference between the two groups about the uncorrected,the corrected distance and near visions(P>0.05),while the postoperative near visual visions without corrected in the multifocal group was significantly better than that in the monofocal group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the multifocal group at 1 year and 3 months. Contrast sensitivity of eyes with MIOL was lower than that with SIOL. The spectacle independence in MIOL and SIOL groups were 83% and 32%. Intermediate uncorrected visual acuity in MIOL group was better than that in SIOL group. There were four patients complained with halo. Patients in MIOL group were satisfied with the better near visual acuity. CONCLUSION: The apodized diffractive Acrysof ReSTOR multifocal IOL may provide excellent full range of vision and higher percentage of spectacle independence, then improved quality of life for patients after phacoemulsification.

Abstract:AIM:To compare clinical outcomes on pseudophakic patients with AcrySof Toric and patients with AcrySof spherical intraocular lens(IOL).METHODS: A total of 56 age-related cataract patients (63 eyes) with corneal astigmatism more than 1.00 D were enrolled and divided into two groups. Experimental group: 27 cases (30 eyes), AcrySof Toric IOL was implanted after phacoemulsification. Control group: 29 cases (33 eyes), AcrySof Natural spherical IOL was implanted after phacoemulsification. A 6-month follow-up was planned. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism, postoperative refractive cylinder, toric IOL axis rotational stability were measured .RESULTS: The UCDVA at 1 week and 6 months postoperatively were significantly better in experimental group compared with control group (P<0.05). The mean refractive cylinder at 1 week and 6 months postoperatively were superior in experimental group, there were statistically differences between the two groups(P<0.05). The mean postoperative toric IOL rotation was 4.22±1.69 degrees, 4.64±1.97 degrees, 4.87±1.91 degrees, 5.39±1.56 degrees at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, respectively. There were no significant differences among the different months(P>0.05), the axis rotation was within 10 degrees in 96.67% of all eyes.CONCLUSION: Compared with AcrySof spherical IOL, AcrySof Toric IOL provides a safe, effective, stable method for correcting corneal astigmatism in cataract patients and show good rotational stability.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the important role oxidative stress response plays in the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma through comparative studies of oxidative stress and GDx-VCC checking between the normal and primary open angle glaucoma patients of different stages.METHODS: Totally 30 cases (60 eyes) with normal subjects, 40 patients (50 eyes) with early glaucoma and 40 patients (60 eyes) with advanced open angle glaucoma were detected with serum MDA, CAT, Vc, SOD, GSH-PX, GST detection and RNFL detection by application of GDx-VCC, the difference of RNFL parameters were compared. Finally, the relevance of indicators of oxidative stress and GDx-VCC in primary open angle glaucoma patients at different times were compared.RESULTS: Compared with the normal population, serum GST and MDA of early primary open angle glaucoma patients increased ,that of advanced patients increased more significantly, while the CAT, GSH-PX, SOD, Vc decreased at early stage, and were significantly lower late; RNFL of early primary open angle glaucoma patients became thinner, RNFL in advanced patients became significantly thinner than earlier. The parameters from both methods were statistically significant differences (P<0.01), with good separating capacity between normal and early primary open angle glaucoma, and with consistency for the staging of glaucoma.CONCLUSION:Oxidative stress may be clinically used as auxiliary means of detection for primary open angle glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the hemodynamic changes before and after trabeculectomy in glaucoma ( 32 eyes).METHODS: Color Doppler ultrasonograph was used to measure retrobulbar blood flow of normal controls and 32 patients before surgery and at 2 and 12 weeks after trabeculectomy, respectively. The measurements included peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistent index (RI) in central retinal artery(CRA) short posterior ciliary artery(SPCA) and ophthalmic artery(OA).RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, PSV and EDV were decreased while RI was elevated in CRA, SPCA and OA of glaucoma group (P<0.01). The hemodynamic of glaucoma group had significant improvement after trabeculectomy, PSV and EDV were elevated while RI was decreased. Intraocular pressure of glaucoma patients after trabeculectomy restored to the normality, PSV,EDV and RI of CRA, SPCA and OA in glaucoma group were still inferior to normal control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Glaucoma patients have more insufficiency of blood flow than normal person. Trabeculectomy can effectively improve ophthalmic blood flow. Color Doppler imaging is a potential approach to evaluate and monitor glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM:To compare clinical results between epipolis laser in situ keratomileusis(Epi-LASIK) and epithelial removal Epi-LASIK for the treatment of low to moderate myopia.METHODS:This retrospective analysis comprised 38 eyes treated by Epi-LASIK(A group) and 34 eyes treated by epithelial removal Epi-LASIK(B group) on low to moderate myopia with a follow-up of 2 years. Recover situation of the early stage after operation,vision, haze,diopter of the middle,later stage were observed.RESULTS: All eyes were operated successfully. There was significant difference in the clinical symptom. The number of cornea transparent eyes in the second day of postopertaion of A group was more than B group. The difference had statistical signifcance. There was significant difference in the vision of 7 days,1 month of postoperation, that of A group was better than B group,and no significant difference in the 3 months,12 months,24 months of postoperation. There was significant difference in the diopter of 1 month postoperation of A group to B group,and no significant difference in the 3 months,12 months,24 months of postoperation. There was no significant difference in the haze of A group to B group.CONCLUSION: Both Epi-LASIK and epithelial removal Epi-LASIK have safety, effectiveness,stability and predictability.Epithelial removal Epi-LASIK is better in the valid vision and to alleviate discomfort in the early stage of postoperation than Epi-LASIK.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the clinical results of visual performance after epipolis laser in situ keratomileusis (Epi-LASIK) for moderate to high myopia. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 256 eyes of 128 patients who underwent Epi-LASIK for the correction of moderate to high myopia. Patients were divided into three groups according to spherical equivalent refraction: group A: <-3.00D,mean-2.11±0.35D, 30 patients(60 eyes);group B: -3.00～-6.00D,mean -4.93±0.68D,46 patients(92 eyes);group C: >-6.00D,mean -8.45±1.62D,52 patients(104 eyes). Epi-LASIK was performed with an automatically epikeratome (Amadeus Ⅱ, AMO,America) and the MEL80 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) excimer laser. After laser ablation, the epithelial sheet was repositioned and a therapeutic contact lens was applied to the cornea immediately for 7 days. The enrolled patients were followed up at 1day,7days,1month, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperative intervals. The postoperative vision, refraction,wavefront aberration and haze formation were investigated. RESULTS: One year after the treatment, uncorrective visual acuity(UCVA) of 58 eyes(97%) >1.0 in group A, UCVA of 87 eyes(95%) >1.0 in group B, UCVA of 89 eyes(86%) >1.0 in group C; Spherical equivalent refraction was within 1.00D of attempted refraction in 60(100%) eyes in group A; Spherical equivalent refraction was within 1.00 D of attempted refraction in 92(100%) eyes in group B; Spherical equivalent refraction exceeded±1.00 D of attempted refraction in 7(7%) eyes in group C. Higher order aberration increased signifcantly postoperatively in B and C vs. group A(P<0.05). In group A: grade 0.5 haze was found in 3 eyes(5%)at 1 month postoperatively and in 1 eye(2%)at 3 months postoperatively, all other eyes had no haze; In group B: grade 0.5 haze was found in 6 eyes(7%)at 1 month postoperatively and in 4 eyes(4%)at 3 months postoperatively, all other eyes had no haze; In group C: grade 0.5 haze was found in 10 eyes(10%)at 1 month postoperatively and in 8 eyes(8%)at 3 months postoperatively and in 5 eyes(5%)at 6 months postoperatively, gradeⅠ haze was found in 2 eyes(2%)at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively, all other eyes had no haze.CONCLUSION: One-year visual,refractive,wavefront aberration and haze formation results after Epi-LASIK suggest that it is a safe and effcient method for the correction of moderate to high myopia.

Abstract:AIM:To study the effect of psychogenic problems on therapeutic efficacy of hyperopic amblyopia and compare the manifestations of psychological behavior in various therapeutic efficacy of hyperopic amblyopia .METHODS: Totally 29 children who had failed to respond to amblyopia treatment and 116 control children with satisfactory therapeutic efficacy of amblyopia were collected. Their parents completed two psychological evaluation with the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL ) and the Conners Rating Scales(Parent Symptom Questionnaire, PSQ). Each groups had been divided into two groups by gender. t-test was used to compare children with various therapeutic efficacy.RESULTS: The group failed to respond to amblyopia treatment had more psychogenic problems than the control group. Both girls and boys had the problems of attention concentrating,learning and impulsivity-hyperactivity. While the girls had the problems of withdrawn,social scales and social competence, the boys had the problems of aggressive behavior,thought and psychosomatic disorder.CONCLUSION: This study shows that children’s psychosocial behavior can affect therapeutic efficacy of hyperopic amblyopia.

Abstract:AIM:To review the condition of near stereopsis of orthotopic children before and 6 months after the operation of intermittent exotropia and to further study the appropriate opportunity for the intermittent exotropia operation on children. METHODS: A total of 78 cases of orthotopic children (aged 4-8) before and 6 months after the intermittent exotropia operation were reviewed and divided into 3 groups: stereopsis in central macular fovea, stereopsis in the macular, and stereopsis at the edge of the fovea. The binocular near stereopsis was analyzed in the preoperative orthotopic control and 6 months after operation. RESULTS: Preoperatively, 12 cases with stereopsis in central macular fovea, the average stereopsis was 55.28±15.43″. 56 cases with stereopsis in the macular, the average stereopsis was 197.55±20.72″. 10 cases with stereopsis at the edge of the fovea, the average stereopsis was 612.29±75.48″. Postoperatively, the stereo acuity of the cases with stereopsis in central macular fovea stayed unchanged and the average stereopsis was 41.94±11.56″. No cases with stereopsis in central macular fovea got restored. The stereo acuity of 16 cases with stereopsis in the macular was restored and those of the rest improved to different extents, the average stereopsis was 170.04±16.47″. The stereo acuity of 2 cases of stereopsis at the edge of the fovea was restored and those of the rest improved to some extent, the average stereopsis was 506.40±62.53″.CONCLUSION: Before the intermittent exotropia operation was performed, the near stereopsis of children with intermittent exotropia was mostly damaged. To some extent, although the operation can help restore the near stereopsis, few cases with stereopsis in central macular fovea can get restored. When the requirements are met, early operation is beneficial to restore binocular stereopsis. 

Abstract:Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a delayed allergy caused by viral antigens and T lymphocytes mediated.The detailed mechanism how T lymphocytes mediated HSK immune response is still unknown, but from the present research it can be summarized that the promote inflammatory factor of T lymphocyte cell factors such as IL-2, IL-10, IL-17,IFN-γ play an important role in the recurrence processing of herpes simplex keratitis. This paper will be briefly reviewed the progress about the research of T-lymphocytes and its cytokines with herpes simplex keratitis.

Abstract:Reticular pseudodrusen(RPD) is different from typical drusen and has close relation with macular diseases. RPD may be a high-risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) development including geographic atrophy (GA) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). So we must pay close attention to elderly. RPD has different images when different image methods are used, autofluorescent (AF) and infrared (IR) possess special value.

Abstract:Behcet’s disease (BD) is a chronic, recrudescent, systemic disease which involves multi-system and multi-organ. Uveitis caused by BD is a common type of uveitis inducing blindness in China. There is no radical cure for this kind of uveitis at present. IFN-α is a kind of cytokine which has multiple biological effects. It has a dual immunomodulatory activity, and has been applied to a variety of immune diseases in recent years. In-depth study of IFN-α will bring new hope for uveitis caused by BD treatment.

Abstract:The traditional children’s reading materials aim at normal children in general, however they are still lack of appropriateness for amblyopia children with defective visual function. Serious learning problems resulting from visual defects in these children can not be resolved in the traditional reading, which delay the recovery of binocular vision. Therefore, started from a cognitive learning theory and psychological characteristics of children with amblyopia, and combined with visual functional training principles, the reading materials for children’s visual function training are designed to solve the poor reading problems due to visual impairment in traditional reading of reading materials, and trained the visual function of children at the same time. The further design of evaluation protocol for the training reading materials is being done to evaluate the training effect. It is hoped that the research could provide a practical and effective way to the visually impaired children’s visual function training.

Abstract:AIM:To determine the prevalence and development of astigmatism in 17-19 Years people in Hubei and to find out the relationship and the rules of change between astigmatism and the different myopic degree. METHODS: Totally 762 cases of 17-19 years old people in Hubei randomly selected were determined the diopters and axes of astigmatism and myopic degree. RESULTS: The account of 25-150 degree astigmatism range in the dweller of Hubei area 17-19 years people in each myopic degree section was the largest. The number of men’s and woman’s group high myopia section was about 64.7%/70.1% and moderate myopia section was about 73.8%/78.6% and low-degree myopia section was about 82.3%/83.8%. The difference between 17-19 years old men and women in each myopic degree group with the rule astigmatism percentage was not statistically significant. 17-19 years old men’s within 200 astigmatism percentage in low-degree myopic group was higher than the other two groups. Women’s within 200 astigmatism percentage in high-degree myopic group was lower than the other two groups. The differences were statistically significant.CONCLUSION:The account of 25-150 degree astigmatism range in the dweller of Hubei area 17-19 years people in each myopic degree section was the largest. 17-19 years old men’s within 200 astigmatism percentage in low-degree myopic group is higher than the other two groups. Women’s within 200 astigmatism percentage in high-degree myopic group is lower than the other two groups.

Abstract:AIM:To assess the prevalence, distribution and demographic associations of refractive error in a rural minority population in southwestern China, and to obtain the epidemiological database of refractive error in children and adult of the studied population.METHODS: Three thousand seventy subjects of all ages, representative of the minority population, were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their demographic data, career and education. Visual acuity, objective and subjective refractive error and slit-lamp comprehensive eye examination were performed in all participants. Emmetropia was defined as refractive status between -0.50D and +0.50D. Myopia was characterized as < -0.50D, hyperopia as >+0.50D, and astigmatism as >0.50D cylinder. All data on refractive error, age, gender, and education were analyzed.RESULTS: Data on refractive error were available for 2422 (78.9%) subjects 4843 eyes. The prevalence of emmetropia was 54.4%, myopia 22.8%, and hyperopia 22.8% in this studied population. The prevalences of hyperopia and against rule astigmatism increased with age. The mobidity of hyperopia was significantly higher in females than males, and moderate to severe myopia was significantly higher in subjects with junior high school education or above. CONCLUSION: In rural minority population of southwest of China, the prevalence of myopia seems to be somewhat lower than that of urban population. These population-based data on distribution and demographic associations of refractive error could enable planning of eye-care services to reduce visual impairment caused by refractive error in this studied population.

Abstract:AIM:To summarize and discuss the treatment experience in persistent corneal epithelium defect after vitrectomy.METHODS: The repairment of cornea by tri- or quad-kinds treatments for 10 cases 11 eyes with the persistent corneal epithelial defect after vitrectomy were evaluated. Original postoperative anti-inflammatory eyedrop was halted, instead of dropping serum eyedrop to promote corneal repair. Moderate hormone was applied by retrobulbar injection and temporary eyelid saturation. The ratio of persistent corneal epithelium defect after vitrectomy was analyzed.RESULTS: The rate of persistent corneal epithelium defect after vitrectomy was 2.2% (11/509), the rate of diabetic retinopathy case was 4.8% (8/165). The curative rate was 100%. The rate of corneal nebula was 45.5% (5/11). CONCLUSION: The reason for persistent corneal epithelium defect is complex. It’s worth paying attention to diabetes cases. To terminate drug toxicity, strengthen the nutrition of cornea and suture the eyelid temporarily are the effective treatments.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the changes of axial length after second term intraocular lens(IOL) implantation in infants after congenital cataract extraction.METHODS: A consecutive case series of total 13 aphakic infants (22 eyes including 4 unilateral eyes), who had undergone IOL implantation surgeries at 2.5 years of age, were included. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on their ages at follow-ups: 3-year group, 4-year group and 5-year group. The axial lengths in each follow-up were measured. The changes of axial length were analyzed and compared with those of normal age-gender-matched children.RESULTS: The mean axial lengths from 3-year group to 5-year group were 22.41±1.75mm, 23.16±1.42mm and 23.73±1.37mm respectively.There was statistically significant difference compared with those of normal age-gender-matched children (P<0.05) .CONCLUSION: The axial length of young children, following second term IOL implantation at 2.5 years of age, was longer than normal children in the period of 5 years of age. 

Abstract:AIM:To study the variations of the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) in the acute angle-closure glaucoma after laser peripheraliridectomy. METHODS: Totally 19 patients (19 eyes) were taken into the study. They were measured by the dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) before and 30 minutes after instillating 10g/L pilocarpine, 30 minutes and 1 week after the laser peripheraliridectomy. RESULTS: The mean IOP was 17.61±4.23mmHg, 17.35±3.52mmHg before and 30 minutes and 1 week after the 10g/L pilocarpine instillation, and 19.33±4.24mmHg, 16.08±2.13mmHg 30 minutes and 1 week after the laser peripher- aliridectomy. The mean OPA was 2.69±0.89mmHg, 2.72±0.93mmHg,3.03±0.89mmHg,2.51±0.69mmHg before and 30minuts after the pilocarpine instillation, 30 minutes and 1 week after the laser peripheraliridectomy.The IOP and OPA significantly increased 30 minutes after the laser peripheraliridectomy(P<0.05).The OPA was positive correlated with the IOP. CONCLUSION: The IOP and OPA will significantly increase 30minuts after the laser peripheraliridectomy in acute angle-closure glaucoma. The OPA is positive correlated with the IOP.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate clinical effects of anterior chamber penetration on treating the glaucoma with continuous high intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: Eighty cases (80 eyes) of primary acute angle-closure glaucoma were divided into two groups by the different methods of treatment, anterior chamber penetration group: 40 cases (40 eyes) and control group: 40 cases (40 eyes). All the cases had IOP≥50mmHg before treatment. Before and after the treatment, routine examinations such as best spectacle corrected visual acuity(BSCVA),IOP were performed, the changes in anterior chamber angle and the complications of the surgery were observed and analyzed by SPSS statistically.RESULTS: Most cases gained a better vision after the treatment. The IOP of both groups were reduced, and the anterior chamber penetration group was lower than the control group. In gonioscopy examination, the higher ratio of the anterior chamber angle reopening was found in the anterior chamber penetration group. After the filtrating surgery, there were no complications in the anterior chamber penetration group. In the control group, malignant glaucoma were observed in 1 case, cyclodialysis was observed in 3 cases and shallow of anterior chamber was observed in 4 cases.CONCLUSION: Anterior chamber penetration is one kind of safe, effective and simple method of treating the glaucoma with continuous high IOP. It can reduce the damage to visual function caused by the high IOP and provide the good condition before the surgery. 

Abstract:AIM:To analyze curative effect of grid photo-coagulation in treatment of macular vesicular edema caused by central retinal vein occlusion.METHODS:One hundred thirty-seven patients (137 eyes) with macular vesicular edema caused by central retinal vein occlusion were detected with visual acuity,optical coherence tomography(OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) 1 week, 1 month, 3 months after grid photo-coagulation. RESULTS:Totally 119 eyes(86.9%) showed visual improvement and 18 eyes(13.1%)showed visual stability 1 month after treatment; 124 eyes(90.5%) showed visual improvement and 13 eyes(9.5%)showed visual stability 3 months after treatment. The visual acuity improved significantly 1 month and 3 months after treatment. CONCLUSION: The curative effect of grid photo-coagulation in treatment of macular vesicular edema caused by central retinal vein occlusion is affirmative. It is necessary that there should be sufficient effective photo-coagulation spot and correct photo-coagulation modality based on fundus condition in treatment.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the results of scleral buckling procedure without subretinal fluid drainage for old retinal detachment.METHODS: Clinical data of 32 patients (32 eyes) with old retinal detachment who underwent scleral buckling procedure without subretinal fluid drainage were retrospectively analyzed. Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),surgery complications and retinal redetachment were examined . RESULTS: The follow-up duration was 6 months to 12 months postoperatively,mean 9.2 months. BCVA of 17 eyes was more than 0.1. IOP of 2 eyes increased in short time after surgery. Retina was completely reattached in 30 eyes (94%).Subretinal proliferative membrane in 2 eyes which continued to worsen after scleral buckling were achieved by vitrectomy.CONCLUSION:Scleral buckling procedure without subretinal fluid drainage is a simple and efficient surgery for the treatment of old retinal detachment without seriously subretinal proliferative membrane.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the characteristics of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. METHODS: A total of 9 patients 18 eyes with acute VKH were undertaken FAF by a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2, HRA2). Characteristics of FAF images were compared with fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) images. RESULTS:Early phase of FFA showed multiple areas of hyperfluorescence at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)and late phase of FFA revealed multiple pooling of dye in the areas of serous detachment. In FAF imaging, the serous detached retinal areas were observed as hypoautofluorescence due to the blockage. In these hypoautofluorescence areas, hyperautofluorescent ring or semiring could still been seen. The site of these hyperautofluorescent ring corresponded with the leakage point in FFA. After resolution of serous detachment, the autofluorescence distribution returned to normal, while some hyperautofluorescent dots were observed scattered in macula.CONCLUSION:FAF imaging non-invasively visualised sequential metabolism and functional changes in RPE in acute VKH disease. The value of FAF in VKH needs further research.

Abstract:AIM:To discuss the pathogen, clinical manifestation and the treatment of the intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome(IFIS)which occurs in the process of cataract surgery.METHODS: Totally 489 operation inpatients (558 eyes) with extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and phacoemulsification in our hospital in 2008-2009 were reviewed. We analyzed the holistic and local drug-use state of patients preoperatively and surveyed the changes in the iris and the pupil of these operation on inpatients of IFIS when we injected adrenalin hydrochloride and viscoat in anterior chamber or used iris hooks and iris dilator rings in operations.RESULTS: In 2008, 9 cases attacked by IFIS in 236 operation inpatients of cataract surgery (279 eyes), and in 2009, 2 cases in 2009 in 253 operation inpatients of cataract surgery (279 eyes). The incidence rate difference(IRD) of IFIS in two years had clinical significance (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The incidence of IFIS in cataract surgery is related to the using of α1 antitrypsin deficiency. Taking preventive action can reduce the morbidity for related cases before the operation. In operations, for the case of prolapse of iris and the contraction of pupil, injecting diluted adrenalin hydrochloride and viscoat in anterior chamber or using iris hooks and iris dilator rings when performed can prevent the tendency of prolapse of the iris through the incision basically, ameliorate the level of the contraction of pupil to a certain extent and reduce the incidence of the complication.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the influence of soft contact lenses with -0.50D lens power on the measured value of the intraocular pressure (IOP) with the non-contact tonometer and Tono-pen tonometer.METHODS: Totally 30 healthy volunteers were included in this study. The right eyes were examined with slit-lamp microscope and there were no scars, edema, ulcers and other pathological changes in the corneas. IOP of the right eyes was measured after topical anesthesia with the non-contact tonometer and Tono-pen tonometer for each of them. After wearing a piece of soft contact lenses with -0.50D power, the IOP values were measured again, and then the IOP values were statistically evaluated. 21 eyes with corneal diseases or ocular hypertension whose IOP could not be measured by the non-contact tonometer were also included in this study. RESULTS: There was no statistical significance between naked eyes and eyes wearing soft contact lenses. The average IOP values measured with non-contact tonometer were 15.25±2.83mmHg in naked eyes and 15.20±2.89mmHg in eyes wearing soft contact lenses (P=0.825). The average IOP values measured with Tono-pen tonometer were 15.93±2.43mmHg in naked eyes and 16.60±3.09mmHg in eyes with soft contact lenses (P=0.146). Fifteen of the 21 eyes got IOP values by the non-contact tonometer after wearing soft contact lenses. The difference was not statistically significant between eyes with or without soft contact lenses.CONCLUSION: Soft contact lenses with -0.50D lens power has no influence on the measurement of IOP with non-contact tonometer and Tono-pen tonometer, indicating that relatively reasonable IOP may be gotten from corneas with scars and ulcers by wearing soft contact lenses. Moreover, it is possible that devices based on contact lens sensor may be used for IOP measurement in the future.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the causes and treatment methods of postoperative complications in congenital ptosis. METHODS: A total of 20 children(21 eyes) who requested reoperation after the correction of congenital ptosis from 2005 to 2010 were surveyed and treated,to observe the effect of surgical treatment.RESULTS: The causes of reoperation were entropion trichiasis (9 eyes),under-corrected ptosis(14 eyes),under-corrected ptosis and eyelid defect companion fistula formation (1 eye),unsatisfied shape of double eyelids (19 eyes).14 eyes were operated with frontal muscle flap’s suture adjustable. 1 eye was operated with frontal muscle flap suspention and fistula resection combined reconstruction of eyelid defect. 4 eyes were operated with frontal muscle flap suspention. 2 eyes were performed with frontal muscle flap reinforcement. Through the observation after operation for 0.5-1 year,the postoperative effects of all patients were satisfactory except lid lag more or less. CONCLUSION: The postoperative complications of ptosis are varied. There are never fixed pattern to treat complications. We should modify our surgical methods in accordance with specific conditions. The adequate preoperative examination and the choice of correct operation technique,improving surgical skills are the key points to reduce the postoperative complications. 

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the causes of recurrence congenital ptosis and guide the choice of surgical procedure again.METHODS:Previous surgical procedures before surgery was understood, reasons for failure was analyzed, and according to levator muscle strength of upper eyelid combined with medical history, surgical method was re-established. Based on the levator muscle strength, considering the previous surgical operations, for the levator muscle strength ≤4mm, frontalis flap suspension was introduced; for the levator muscle strength ≥6mm, levator shortening was introduced; for the levator muscle strength between 4-6mm, if they used frontalis in previous surgery, levator shortening and fromtal muscle flap suspension might be introduced. We have used fromtal muscle flap suspension.RESULTS:A total of 26 cases 30 eyes patients had no eyelid margin arc deformity,natural double eyelid,the upper palpebral margin located 1-2mm down upper corneal margin, or symmetric with the health eye.CONCLUSION: Recurrent congenital ptosis resurgery was re-established with surgical method according to levator muscle strength combined with medical history.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the therapeutic effectiveness of the fibrin sealant with limbal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of recurrent pterygium.METHODS: Totally 88 eyes with recurrent pterygium were randomly divided into two groups: observer group of limbal stem cell transplantation with fibrin sealant and control group of string with limbal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of recurrent pterygium.RESULTS:The recurrence rate was 2.2% in observer group and 14.3% in control group, respectively(P<0.05). Postoperatively, the foreign bodies sensation and the rate of transplant edema in observer group were less than that in control group.CONCLUSION:Fibrin sealant with limbal stem cell transplantation for treating recurrent pterygium has the advantage of slight trauma, mild pain, short operative time,early recovery.It is a more effective and satisfactory surgery way. 

Abstract:AIM:To investigate whether form deprivation due to various reasons in the children of growth and development stage will result in inconsistent occurrence and development of myopia in both eyes,and confirm form deprivation myopia from the clinical level, and to reveal the environmental factors and mechanisms of myopia to take effective measures of prevetion.METHODS:Totally 114 myopic children were selected for regular visual acuity, eye position, dominant eye, fundus, slit lamp, and standardized mydriatic retinoscopy and other tests, and understanding their family history and whether there was deprivation factors.Binocular vision and refraction were compared, and statistical analysis was done according to the form deprivation eye and diopter.RESULTS: Binocular visual acuity (P=0.000) and refraction (P=0.006) were significantly different, and form deprivation eye was correlated with binocular high refraction (P=0.005).CONCLUSION: Monocular form deprivation due to various reasons in the children of growth and development stage can cause inconsistent myopia of both eyes. The earlier the deprived eyes developed myopia, the higher the refractive error. We should pay attention and take effective measures for early intervention.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the clinical effects of botulinum toxin A(BTXA) injection guided by high-frequency ultrasound in the treatment of restrictive strabismus in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.METHODS: Thirty-two patients with restrictive strabismus in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy were recruited in clinical study.Under the guide of high-frequency B ultrasound diagnostic apparatus, BTXA was injected into the extra-ocular muscles.The changes of the degree of and strabismus diplopia were observed after therapy.RESULTS: In all eyes of 32 patients,the strabismus and diplopia were lessened in different degrees after repeated injection with botulinum toxin A in the affected extra-ocular muscles for 2 to 4 times. The total apparent rate was 47%,effective rate was 44%, ineffective rate was 9%.CONCLUSION: BTXA injection guided by high-frequency ultrasound technique is accurate positioning method in the treatment of restrictive strabismus in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy. It is an effective therapy to lighten the contraction of extra-ocular muscles remission of diplopia symptom and strabismus degree.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the clinical features and therapeutic efficacy of congenital esotropia and to follow-up the strabismus changes after surgery and the significance of the early treatment. METHODS: This study added up clinical data of 40 cases with congenital esotropia and made a retrospective analysis for their long-term eye position observation results.RESULTS: In congenital esotropia, postoperatively, the rate of achieving alignment within±10△at the last follow-up was significantly low and binocular vision in the group of surgery before 4 years old was significantly higher than that of after 4 years old.CONCLUSION: When cases with congenital esotropia obtain operation in sensitive period of vision development, the functional recovery is good.

Abstract:AIM:To study the effects of behavioral interventions for early prevention of trachoma and to collect important parameters and basis for extension to early prevention and treatment of other chronic non-communicable diseases, and to explore a new economic and convenient path to protect people’s health.METHODS: Totally 400 trachoma patients from the district authorities and institutions for physical examination in Longgang Central Hospital during June to September 2008 were grouped into: intervention group and control group. One year follow-up observations were taken to compare the cure rate and effective rate of trachoma.RESULTS:In intervention group, the cure rate was 98.5%, the effective rate was 100%.In control group, the cure rate was 77.5%, the effective rate was 89.5%.CONCLUSION: Drug treatment combined with behavioral interventions can significantly reduce the recurrence rate of trachoma, improve the cure rate and can be widely used.

Abstract:AIM:To find special staining methods which is fast, accurate and convenient operation for fungal keratitis tissue section.METHODS: Specimens of 50 cases with the clinical diagnosis of suspected fungal keratitis or corneal ulcer were selected. They were conventionally fixed, dehydrated and dipped in wax for 4μm paraffin sections, then subject to conventional dewaxing to water. Periodic acid-Schiff stain and gomori methenamine silver stain were compaired.RESULTS: Positive detection rate of periodic acid-Schiff stain was 84%, positive detection rate of gomori methenamine silver stain was 79%. Result was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Periodic acid-Schiff staining method is simple, fast, accurate, high positive rate and lower cost. It is superior to gomori methenamine silver staining, and worth promoting

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the clinical manifestations and therapy of patients suffering from corneal endotheliitis after PHACO cataract surgery.METHODS: Eleven cases (11 eyes) after PHACO cataract surgery were diagnosed with corneal endotheliitis according to the clinical manifestations. Antiviral agents and corticosteroids were used. All cases were observed and followed up.RESULTS: All the eleven cases were cured through treatment. The follow-up results showed no recurrence in 6 months.CONCLUSION: The topically and systemically use of enough antiviral agents and high-dose corticosteroids is effective in corneal endotheliitis. Early detection and treatment are the most important.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of probing of lacrimal passage in the treatment of the neonatal dacrystitis. METHODS: Forty cases (56 eyes) with neonatal dacryocystitis which had no effect by routine dacryocyst massage with local antibiotics ophthalmic solutions were treated with probing of lacrimal passage under local anesthesia at 6 months of age. Patients were routinely probed for one time and follow-uped averagely for 1 year to observe the therapeutic effect and related factors. RESULTS: Fifty-three eyes(94.6%) in 56 eyes were cured by probing of the lacrimal passage. The success rate for children at 6 months of age was 100% and it showed a downtrend with age.CONCLUSION: Treatment of neonatal dacryocystitis should be taken as early as possible. Probing of lacrimal passage can be performed under local anesthesia and it is simplicity of operation. The tissue damage is slight and the therapeutic effect is obvious. So it is worth being spread.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effect of small incision cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation.METHODS:Totally 265 cataract patients underwent surgery with a small incision cataract extraction technology for poverty alleviation projects in Turpan region.RESULTS: The operation was effective, with short treatment period, fast visual recovery and fewer complications. Off-blindness rate was 95.0%, off-disability rate was 92.2%.CONCLUSION:Small incision cataract surgery is a surgical approach of good clinical effect 

Abstract:AIM:To study the cause, prevention and treatment of traumatic glaucoma.METHODS: Totally 32 cases of traumatic glaucoma were reviewed and analyzed.RESULTS: After proper treatment, intraocular pressure was controlled between 10 to 21mmHg(93.75%), visual acuity was improved at different degree in all cases.CONCLUSION: Clinical findings of traumatic glaucoma are complex. Each subtype of patients should take relevant different treatments.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the drug treatment for acute anterior uveitis by observing its curative effect and recurrence. Also to provide clinical evidence for standardization of anterior uveitis drug treatment. METHODS: Forty-eight cases of acute anterior uveitis patients were involved in this study. All these patients were given compound tobramycin eyedrops and compound tropicamide eyedrops daily. For those severe cases, dexamethasone was given by subconjunctival injection, 3mg (0.6mL) daily for 7 days. Oral hormone was given for those cases related with explicit general diseases for 3 days. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber reaction and complications were recorded. All cases were well followed up for 1 year and all recurrences were recorded. RESULTS: All cases were remitted after 3 days treatment both in symptoms and signs. Visual acuities were recovered after 1 week. No severe local or general complications were recorded yet. No recurrences were recorded within half an year, while only two recurrent cases were recorded within 1 year. The recurrence ratio was 4%.CONCLUSION: For most acute anterior uveitis patients, simply partial drug treatment showes good therapeutic effects. And oral hormone treatment is applieed only for cases with explicit general diseases.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the surgery methods to reduce post-traumatic retinal detachment through scleral external pressure while suturing scleral penetrating injury. METHODS: Totally 28 cases of Ⅲ region scleral penetrating injury underwent scleral laceration suture as well as external pressure at the laceration region (allogeneic sclera).RESULTS: In the 28 cases, 11 cases were without retinal detachment (follow-up 3-6 months), 17 cases were of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and underwent vitreous surgery the second time.CONCLUSION: This surgical treatment of Ⅲ region scleral penetrating injury may help some patients avoid retinal detachment, and has clinical value.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate and observe effects of hexuemingmu tablet on diabetic retinopathy.METHODS:After diagnosed as retinal hemorrhage by keller indirect ophthalmoscopy, 147 cases 148 eyes of diabetic retinal hemorrhage patients took oral hexuemingmu tablet 1.5g,3 times a day.RESULTS:Effects of hexuemingmu tablet on diabetic retinal hemorrhage and doctors’ office visiting time, treatment time, extent of bleeding were significantly related.CONCLUSION:Hexuemingmu tablets for diabetic retinal hemorrhage has a marked effect.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the relation between the development of high myopia and intraocular pressure (IOP) and to investigate the internal relationship between high myopia and primary open angle glaucoma. METHODS: One hundred and four cases (208 eyes) were randomly divided into two groups. Treatment group received brinzolamide eye drops 3 times a day. Control group received artificial tears eye drops 3 times a day. We performed naked visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, the refractive condition with automatic refractor, slit-lamp microscope, fundus and visual field examination. IOP of each subject was measured with non-contact tonometer. The length of ocular axis was measured with A scan of ultrasound. Having been followed-up for 2 years, statistical analysis was taken to find the differences of two groups in the refractive status, axial length,IOP and visual field.RESULTS: Visual fields of the two groups presented a variety of forms and did not show significant changes in two years. There was statistically difference between the mean IOP or the mean diopter of the treatment group 13.25±4.43mmHg and that of the control group 15.53±4.37mmHg. No significant difference was found in axial lengths between the two groups. But with the axial extension, high myopia diopter increased. CONCLUSION: There may be certain relationship between the development of high myopia and IOP. We must pay more attention to the monitoring of IOP in high myopia and improve the proficiency of primary open angle glaucoma early detection. 

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the efficacy of using compound anisodine in the treatment of brain injury induced oculomotor paralysis.METHODS: Totally 42 cases of patients diagnosised with brain injury induced oculomotor paralysis,were analysed retrospectively. All patients were injected with compound anisodine injection subcutaneously around superficial temporal artery, 2mL per time and one time per day, totally 14 days per course of the treatment. At the same time, they all got high pressure oxygen therapy one time per day, altogether 10 days per course of treatment.RESULTS: Complete remission meant that disappearance of diplopia and ptosis, recovery to normal bulbus oculi action, correct position of eyes and normal size of pupil. Improvement meant that improvement of diplopia, ptosis and bulbus oculi action disorder, incorrect position of eyes, and partial recovery of pupil. Inefficacy meant that no manifest improvement of over-mentioned symptoms.Totally, 12 cases got complete remission, improvement in 29 cases and inefficacy in one.CONCLUSION:Compound anisodine injection subcutaneously combining with high pressure oxygen therapy is an effective and reliable treatment for patients with brain injury induced oculomotor paralysis.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the eye conditions of land forces, and to investigate the pathogeny and prevention of eye diseases.METHODS: A total of 3586 soldiers were divided into groups according to service years, detailed ophthalmo- logical examinations were performed. The data of each group were analyzed and compared respectively.RESULTS: The soldiers with eye diseases were 263 cases(7.33%),and the main diseases included unqualified visual acuity, disease of cornea, acute uveitis, ocular fundus diseases, traumatic cataract and glaucoma. There were significant statistical differences between different groups on incidence of eye disease and unqualified visual acuity. The case rate of oculopathy among the soldiers who undertook myoporthosis operation was obviously higher than those didn’t take the operation, and there was statistical difference (P<0.01),mainly on unqualified visual acuity, xerophthalmia and ocular fundus diseases.CONCLUSION: This ophthalmological examination is helpful to find out the eye condition and prevent and cure the oculopathy of land forces, as well as ensure better physical quality and raise battle power of troop.

Abstract:AIM:To observe and evaluate the effect and possibility of operation of strengthening lateral tarsal strip and advancing lower eyelid retractor to treat senile entropion. METHODS: Senile entropion was caused by three different pathological mechanisms: loss of lid laxity, loss of tension of lower lid retractors and alterations to the musculus orbicularis. These can be corrected with the procedures developed by strengthening lateral tarsal strip and advancing lower eyelid retractor. The surgeon should be careful to avoid an overcorrection with iatrogenic ectropion。RESULTS:Thirty-one eyes (19 patients) with senile entropion were operated strengthening lateral tarsal strip and advancing lower eyelid retractor. After a mean follow-up of 8-50 months, the effects were satisfactory.CONCLUSION: Operation of strengthening lateral tarsal strip and advancing lower eyelid retractor is effective for treating senile entropion. 

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effect of auto-corneal limbus stem cell transplantation combined with mitomycin(MMC) in the treatment of pterygium.METHODS: Totally 60 cases (68 eyes) with pterygium received pterygium excision. During the surgery, the entire pterygium was striped with corneal epithelium, bare sclear was exposed to 0.2g/L MMC for 5 minutes, the eyes were given auto-corneal limbus stem cell transplantation.RESULTS: After 6-24 months of following up, no one in 60 cases of pterygium relapsed and no serious complications were observed .CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that in the pterygium excision surgery, auto-corneal limbus stem cell transplantation combined with topical MMC application is a safe and effective method for pterygium.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the clinical effect of treatment of primary pterygium with absorbable suture fixation of displaced conjunctival flap with limbal stem cells conjunctival flap surgery.METHODS:A total of 52 eyes (52 patients) with primary pterygium used absorbable suture fixation of displaced conjunctival flap with limbal stem cells technique for treatment.RESULTS: The follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 36 months, 2 cases of recurrence, the recurrence rate was 4%.CONCLUSION: With absorbable suture fixation of displaced conjunctival flap with limbal stem cell transplantation in treatment of primary pterygium, recurrence rate is low, results are satisfactory.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the means of therapy for obstruction of lacrimal ducts through comparison of antegrade lacrimal intubation and simple lacrimal irrigation.METHODS: Totally 140 eyes (140 patients) with obstruction of lacrimal ducts were divided into observation group and control group randomly. 75 eyes in observation group received antegrade lacrimal intubation and those in control group received simple lacrimal irrigation. They were followed up for 6 months to 1 years postoperatively.RESULTS: Sixty-five eyes were cured in observation group, the cure rate was 86.7%, and one eye recurred; 45 eyes were cured in control group, the cure rate was 69.2%, and 2 eyes recurred. There was significant effect between two groups about cure rate and recurrence rate.CONCLUSION:Antegrade lacrimal intubation has the advantages of simplicity of operation, easy operating, convenient service, economic practicality and etc. It is easy to apply and operate in basic hospital.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the causes and preventive measures of poor vision after Phacoemulsification (PHACO) operation. METHODS: Data of cases with poor vision after operations from 998 patients with PHACO during 2008 to 2010 in our hospital were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: All cases were followed up for 3 months after operation, there were 130 cases with vision less than 0.3, which was accounted for 13.0% in all cases. CONCLUSION: The poor vision after PHACO was mainly due to original eye diseases, which were senile macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, optic nerve injury with glaucoma etc.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the efficacy and clinical safety of Aescin digitalis diglycosides eye drops on visual display terminal (VDT) syndrome, METHODS: Patient self-control was used. Aescin digitalis diglycosides eye drops were applied alone. VDT syndrome related symptoms were observed before and after treatment,including: unsustained near work, pain around the eyes and eyelids, foreign body sensation, heavy eyelids, blurred vision and double vision, red eyes, dryness and lacrimation, headache, nausea and vomiting, dizziness,a total of ten.RESULTS:VDT syndrome of patients significantly improved.No local or systemic adverse reactions were found during the observation period.CONCLUSION: Aescin digitalis diglycosides eye drops can effectively alleviate VDT syndrome, with clinical application safety.