Abstract:AIM: Anaerobic bacteria can cause ocular infections. We tested the OxyPlate^TM Anaerobic System(OXY)to isolate pertinent anaerobic bacteria that can cause ocular disease.

METHODS: OXY, which does not require direct anaerobic conditions(i.e. bags, jars), was compared to conventional isolation of incubating culture media in anaerobic bags. Standard colonies counts were performed on anaerobic ocular bacterial isolates under aerobic and anaerobic conditions(anaerobic bags)using agar media: 1)OXY(aerobic only), 2)5% sheep blood(SB), 3)Chocolate, and 4)Schaedler. The bacteria tested were de-identified ocular isolates cultured from endophthalmitis and dacryocystitis that include 10 Propionibacterium acnes and 3 Actinomyces species. The colony counts for each bacteria isolate, on each culturing condition, were ranked from largest to smallest, and non-parametrically compared to determine the best culturing condition.

RESULTS:All anaerobic conditions were positive for all of the anaerobic isolates. SB and Schaedler's agar under aerobic conditions did not support the growth of anaerobic bacteria. Sparse growth was noted on chocolate agar with Propionibacterium acnes. As an anaerobic system, SB in an anaerobic bag isolated higher colony counts than OXY(P=0.0028)and chocolate agar(P=0.0028).

CONCLUSION: Although OXY did not test to be more efficient than other anaerobic systems, it appears to be a reasonable alternative for isolating anaerobic bacteria from ocular sites. The use of an agar medium in a specially designed plate, without the requirement of an anaerobic bag, rendered OXY as an advantage over other anaerobic systems.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the change of macular thickness after uncomplicated cataract phacoemulsification surgery with intracameral cefuroxime.

METHODS: Prospective, controlled and parallel compared clinical study. Enrolled patients were divided into 4 groups based on age under or over 60 years old(<60 group and ≥60 group)and with intracameral cefuroxime(experiment group)before ending operation or with irrigating solution(control group). Macular thicknesses were measured at baseline and 1 month and 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS: At 1 month, ≥60 experiment group has thicker fovea, inferior inner area and temporal inner area than other 3 groups. At 6 months, only inferior inner area was thicker in ≥60 experiment groups than other 3 groups. With response to preoperative value, at 1 month, 4 sectors of macular thickness were thicker in ≥60 experiment group than other 3 groups, which were forvea, inferior inner area, temporal inner area and inferior outer area. At 6 months, only 2 areas were thicker in ≥60 experiment group than other 3 groups, which were fovea and inferior inner area.

CONCLUSION: Macula becomes thicker after cataract surgery which cannot restore preoperative level at 6 months. Patients elder than 60 will have thicker macula after cataract surgery with intracameral cefuroxime at 1 month postoperatively.

Abstract:AIM: To study the pattern of amblyopia and factors responsible for treatment outcome in Nepalese children.

METHODS: It was a hospital based retrospective study. The medical records of 257 children registered from June 2009 to June 2011 with the diagnosis of amblyopia were reviewed retrospectively. Types of amblyopia studied were anisometropic, isoametropic, strabismic and the mixed amblyopia. Children with isoametropic amblyopia were treated with glass alone, strabismic amblyopia with patching of 6 hours a day, anisometropic and mixed amblyopes were given patching and optical correction both according to the need. The main outcome measure was the visual acuity at the end of treatment. The age at presentation, type of amblyopia, initial visual acuity, type and severity of refractive error, were the factors analyzed for their effect on final visual outcome.

RESULTS: The mean age of children was(7.96±3.093)years with the age range from 3 to 15 years. Isoametropic amblyopia was the most common type(35.8%), followed by the strabismic amblyopia(31.9%), anisometropic(23.0%)and the mixed type(9.3%). The mean final visual outcome was better in isoametropic amblyopia(LogMAR 0.295±0.25)than in other types(P=0.001). There was no significant correlation between the visual acuity outcome and the age at presentation(P=0.98), type and severity of refractive error(P=0.12). However the presenting visual acuity had a significant correlation with the final visual outcome(P=0.00).

CONCLUSION: Isoametropic amblyopia was the most common type of amblyopia and with the best visual outcome. The initial visual acuity was the most important factor determining success of amblyopia treatment.

Abstract:Retinalvein occlusion(RVO)is the most common visually disabling disease affecting the retina after diabetic retinopathy. Although the disease entity has long been known, its management is still controversial. Macular edema is the main reason for decreased visual acuity(VA)in this retinal vascular disorder. Recently the vitreous cavity has increasingly been used as a reservoir of drugs for the direct treatment of macular edema through intravitreal injection route. The most widely injected drugs so far have been triamcinolone acetonide(TA)and bevacizumab. The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence and discuss the rationale behind the recent suggestions that intravitreal pharmacotherapy by corticosteroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factors may be useful in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the role of caveolin-1(Cav-1)in the retina by examining the ocular function in Cav-1 null mice.

METHODS: The expression of Cav-1 was examined by immunofluorescence combined with confocal microscopy. Retinal structure in wild type(WT)and Cav-1 null mice was examined by HE staining. In vivo retinal function in WT and Cav-1 null mice was assessed by full-field scotopic electroretinography(ERG)following overnight dark adaptation.

RESULTS: Cav-1 null mice displayed reduced a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and reduced sensitivity as measured by ERG. However, the general structure of Cav^-/- retina was largely normal. Collectively, this implies the impairment of retinal function in Cav^-/- retina was not intrinsic to photoreceptor.

CONCLUSION: The observation that Cav-1 null mice show abnormal retinal function, in vivo but normal photoreceptor structure suggests that the retinal microenvironment rather than the photoreceptor itself is impaired. These may result in a disturbance in retinal pH, water or ion homeostasis therefore altering the subretinal milieu.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the expression and function of TNF- related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL)apoptosis system on infiltrated cells in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats with endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU), and to study the role of TRAIL on apoptosis.

METHODS: EIU model was established by injecting a dose of 1mg/kg endotoxin(LPS)into the footpads of SD rats. At different time points(6, 12, 18, 24, 48 hours)after endotoxin injection, clinical symptoms were observed with ophthalmoscope. The cells in the aqueous humor one eye in each rat were counted. Eyes were enucleated for histological examination at different time points. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay(TUNEL)method was used to assess the infiltrated cells apoptosis. The expression of TRAIL was determined by sreptavidin-biotin complex(SABC)immune histochemistry. The positive stain section was analyzed by computer-based image analysis system.

RESULTS: Intraocular inflammation appeared 6 hours after LPS injection, peaked at 18-24 hours, and obviously weakened at 48 hours. The cells of aqueous humor were gradually increased peaked at 24 hours. TUNEL stain indicated: a number of apoptotic infiltrated cells could be seen at the time of 6 hours to 24 hours after endotoxin injection. TRAIL was constitutively expressed on the rat iris weakly. TRAIL was expressed on the infiltrated cells. The intensity was weak in the 6 hours, 12 hours, at a peak in the 18 to 24 hours.

CONCLUSION: Uveitis was induced in the rat eyes with injecting 1mg/kg endotoxin. The short duration of EIU may be associated with apoptosis of infiltrated cells in inflammation. The TRAIL system may be associated with the infiltrated cells apoptosis in EIU.

Abstract:AIM:To explore the influence and significance of early monocular deprivation on the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and TrkB receptor in rats' retina.

METHODS: Totally 40 neonatal rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups: normal group of postpartum 28 days(NorP28), normal group of postpartum 35 days(NorP35), normal group of postpartum 42 days(NorP42), monocular deprivation group of postpartum 28 days(MDP28), monocular deprivation group of postpartum 35 days(MDP35)and monocular deprivation group of postpartum 42 days(MDP42). For the MD model, we sutured together the right eyelids of rats at postpartum 21 days. A subset of rats at each time points were killed, then the retinas were removed and frozen for detecting the expression pattern of BDNF and its receptor TrkB by means of Western blot and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS: During the visual development critical period, the expression of BDNF and TrkB receptor had no significant change with the growth of age. After the early monocular deprivation, BDNF and TrkB receptor were significantly increased its expression at postpartum 28 days, then decreased at postpartum 35 days and maintained a steady level between postpartum 35 days to postpartum 42 days. BDNF expressed in ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer and outer nuclear layer of retina, while TrkB receptor expressed only in ganglion cell layer. In response to MD, the expression of BDNF and TrkB receptor positive cells was dramatically up-regulated in ganglion cell layer at postpartum 28 days, and then decreased gradually at postpartum 35 days to postpartum 42 days.

CONCLUSION: The expression of BDNF and its TrkB receptor presents a visual-experience dependency, and they participate in the onset of monocular deprivation amblyopia.

Abstract:AIM:To study the effects of different concentrations of sodium ferulate(SF)on human retinal capillary endothelial cells(HRCEC)proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expressing with different concentrations in vitro conditions of high glucose.

METHODS: The extracted from corneal transplantation HRSEC and cultured in vitro, which being good growth and at the 3- 4^th generation were taken into experiment. The experimental were divided into blank control group, high glucose control, low glucose control group, high glucose control group,high glucose+different concentrations of SF(1mg/L,2mg/L,4mg/L)group. The result of SF with different concentrations on the proliferation of HRCEC for 48 hours was surveyed by MTT assay. The immunocytochemical method was used to detect low glucose control group, high glucose group and different concentrations of SF(1mg/L, 2mg/L, 4mg/L)group HRCEC of VEGF expression.

RESULTS: The results of MTT colorimetric method showed that: different concentrations of SF in primary cultured HRCEC for 48 hours, cell proliferation inhibition rates were 46.97%, 61.55%, 76.91% and 83.47%. Within a certain range of concentrations of SF can restrain the proliferation of HRCEC in high glucose environment(P<0.05), and in 48 hours was concentration dependent. Low glucose control group compared with the high glucose control group the differences were not statistically significant(P=0.067>0.05). Low glucose control group, high glucose group and SF in concentrations of 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 4mg/L in HRCEC for 48 hours, immunocytochemistry of background gray values with positive gray value difference were respectively 28.27±1.62, 93.67±0.81, 72.67±2.89, 53.73±1.70, 30.93±3.72. Compared to the high glucose control group, expression of VEGF was decreased significantly in experimental groups after 48 hours, the difference was statically significant(P<0.05), in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to the low sugar glucose, VEGF in high glucose control group expression was significantly increased(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: SF can reduce the HRCEC proliferation and suppress the expression of VEGF in high glucose environment which were cultured in vitro.

Abstract:AIM: To explore expression and relationship of COX-2 and Survivin protein in the retinal neovascularization.

METHODS:Mouse model of hyperoxia-induced ischemic retinopathy were established. A novel flucorescein-dextran perfusion method was developed to assess the vascular pattern. Histologic methods were used to count blood vessel profiles in the inner retina with HE staining. Survivin and COX-2 expressions in the retina were determined by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTS: Lots of neovascularization were seen in hyperoxia group. The number of nuclei of proliferative retinal vessels increased significantly as compared with normal control group(P<0.01). The expression of Survivin was noted in the ganglion cells and the neovascularization breaking through the inner retinal. The expression of COX-2 was noted in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cells and retinal blood vessels. The expressions of them have positive correlation(r=0.394,P<0.01).

CONCLUSION:There are high expressions of Survivin and COX-2 protein in the retinal neovascularization and they have correlation.

Abstract:AIM:To develop a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method for determination of riboflavin in rabbits corneal stroma, and investigate the method's specificity, sensitivity and accuracy to determinate whether it can be or not used to evaluate intrastromal concentrations of riboflavin for the study of corneal cross-linking(CXL).

METHODS:The riboflavin in rabbit's cornea homogenate was extracted on a C₁₈-SPE cartridge after protein precipitated by heating incubation and adding 10% trichloroacetic acid, and analyzed on HPLC system with an ODS-BP column(5μm, 250mm×4.6mm I.D.)and a mobile phase consisted of 40% methanol and 60% pure water. The flow rate was 0.1mL/min. The spectrophoto- fluorometer was set at wavelength of 425nm for excitation and 525nm for emission.

RESULTS: Riboflavin had a good linearity(r²=0.999 584)existed within range of 1.0×10^-6 to 1.0×10^-4mg/mL. The precision of this method indicated the relative standard deviation(RSD)was 0.86%(n=10), the sample solution stability RSD was 0.51% within 24 hours, and the corneal sample adding standard of the recovery were 99.3%(n=5), RSD=3.7%.

CONCLUSION: This method is specific, accurate and sensitive, and can be used for determination of riboflavin in rabbit's corneal stroma.

Abstract:AIM: To test whether subconjunctival injection of avastin could suppress corneal neovascularization induced by alkali injury and study its mechanisms.

METHODS: Alkali injury was induced by application of 1mol/L NaOH to right eyes of New Zealand white rabbits for 30 seconds(n=20). All animals were randomly assigned to A, B groups, each consisting of 10 eyes. Group A received subjunctival injection of avastin after alkali injury immediately in 2.5mg dosage. Group B received subconjuctival injection of normal salt. Biomicroscopic neovascularization was observed on 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The average length, area and inhibitory rate of corneal neovascularization(CNV)were calculated respectively. Five rabbits were randomly killed in each group on 7 and 28 days and the corneas were taken for histopathological examination.Immunohistochemical studies on the expression of VEGF in corneal paraffin sections were also carried out.

RESULTS:The vessel meshworks of corneal limb were dilated and congested on the 1^st day, then neovascularization(NV)began to invade cornea on 3^rd day, and reached to its developmental peaks between 7 and 14 days, lastly, NV started to regress on 14-21 days after alkali injury. Significant difference(P<0.05)in the area of NV, average length of NV and corneal edema were found respectively between group A and B(P<0.05); the inhibitory rate of CNV ranges from 44.2% to 55% in group A. There were slight epithelium and fiber edema in group A,and disappeared in the late, the fiber arranged straightly and less NV intruded into the central cornea. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in group A was obvious lower compared to group B on 7 and 28 days.

CONCLUSION:Avastin suppresses corneal neovascu- larization induced by alkali injury on rabbit eyes with subconjunctival injection through decreasing expression of VEGF.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the change of intraocular pressure(IOP), anterior chamber depth, causes, and clinical features and treatment of the secondary ciliary body detachment after remission of the acute attack of primary acute angle-closure glaucoma(PACG).

METHODS: Clinical data of 84 patients 84 eyes with PACG from August 1, 2011 to November 30, 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Nineteen PACG patients 19 eyes were determined with choroidal or ciliary detachment by ultrasound biomicroscope(UBM)and B ultrasound examination. The anterior anatomical features, UBM and B ultrasound imaging, as well as the treatment outcome of those patients were analyzed.

RESULTS: The IOP was(50.4±6.5)mmHg and the central anterior chamber depth was(1.65±0.12)mm in eyes without choroidal or ciliary detachment; and the IOP was(7.93±4.3)mmHg and the central anterior chamber depth was(1.29±0.1)mm in eyes with choroidal or ciliary detachment. UBM and B-ultrasound: secondary choroidal detachment in 10 cases, ciliary body detachment in 4 cases, choroidal and ciliary detachment in 5 cases, all cases received the conventional glaucoma surgery combined with appropriate amount of glucocorticoid treatment, and all of the detachment was reset.

CONCLUSION: Acute attack of PACG can often cause ciliary body and choroidal detachment, and pre-treatment IOP is higher. The duration of remission is shorter. The choroid and ciliary are in the higher risk of detachment. The direct sign of choroidal or ciliary detachment is low IOP, shallower anterior chamber, and it's most reliable way to check is UBM. The conventional anti-glaucoma surgery combined with the amount of glucocorticoid is effective treatment for these patients.

Abstract:AIM:To study the mtDNA mutation in patients with suspected Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON)regularity and clinical manifestations.

METHODS: Totally 175 patients admitted from January 2006 to January 2012, according to whether had a family history or not, were divided into control group and observation group. Control group oral took vitamin B1 tablets, mecobalamin tablets; observation group oral took vitamin B1 tablets, mecobalamin tablets and combined with methylprednisolone injection. Both groups were draw veinal blood. mtDNA 11778, 3460, 14484 and other mutation hot spot were tested. The age, rate of mutation, mutation, and logMAR best-corrected visual acuity were analyzed.

RESULTS: Observation group: male 78 cases, female 34 cases, maximum age of 42 years, minimum of 8 years, and average was 23±4.5 years. The mtDNA mutation negative was in 59 cases, mtDNA mutations were in 53 cases, G11778A in 41 cases, T14484C in 5 cases, G3460A in 2 cases, G15927A in 1 case, A15951G in 1 case, G11696A in 1 case, G11778A+G11696A in 1 case, G11778A+G3316A in 1 case. The mtDNA mutation negative average best-corrected visual acuity was 1.11±0.31logMAR. Control group: male 46 cases, female 17 cases, the maximum age of 44 years,minimum of 7 years, average were 18±6.5, G11778 mutation in 53(84.1%), T14484C mutation in 8(12.7%), G3460A mutation in 2(3.2%), the average visual acuity was 1.13±0.32 logMAR.

CONCLUSION: In patients with suspected LHON, age at onset of LHON patients was relatively large. The result showed mtDNA G11778A accounted for the majority of mutations, presence of multiple mtDNA mutation and other mtDNA mutation; it is not sensitive to glucocorticoid treatment, and best corrected visual acuity was 1.1 logMAR.

Abstract:AIM:To discuss the clinical effects of vitreoretinal surgery for the treatment of complicated ocular trauma.

METHODS: From December 2009 to January 2011, 59 patients with complicated ocular trauma were selected as objects in our hospital. They were divided into observation group and control group, according to different treatment methods. Observation group(vitreoretinal surgery group, n=31, 54 eyes)and control group(conventional operation group, n=28, 53 eyes). A retrospective analysis was made on vision and complications.

RESULTS: There were no significantly differences for the vision before surgery in two groups. In observation group, the normal vision rate for the patients was 31.5%(normal vision: >0.01), it was obviously higher than before the surgery and after the surgery in control group. The surgery success rate included functions cure and anatomy cure: in observation group, the surgery success rate was 87.1%, secondary glaucoma in 3 cases(5.6%), corneal degeneration in 3 cases(5.6%), optic nerve atrophy in 2 case(3.7%), the incidence of complications was 14.9%, P<0.05. There were significant differences after statistical analysis.

CONCLUSION: Vitreoretinal surgery for the treatment of complicated ocular trauma can improve the curative effects and reduce the rate of blindness. It is a more effective surgery method for the treatment of complicated ocular trauma.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the 3D morphology changes of anterior segment in the fellow eye of acute primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG)before and after neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd: YAG)laser periphery iridotomy(LPI)by using Pentacam system and evaluate the safety and efficiency of LPI.

METHODS: Fifty patients(50 eyes)with PACG were enrolled in the study. Before and 1 day, 6 months after LPI, comparison of intraocular pressure(IOP)was measured, comparison of anterior segment parameters such as central corneal thickness(CCT), central anterior chamber depth(CACD), peripheral anterior chamber depth(PACD), anterior chamber volume(ACV), anterior chamber angle(ACA), lens thickness(LT)and pupil diameter(PD)were analyzed by the Pentacam system. The axial length(AL)of eye was measured by IOL-Master, and then comparison of relative position of the lens(RPL)was estimated.

RESULTS: There were no differences among the IOP before and 1 day, 6 months after LPI. The Pentacam system clearly showed the convex configuration of the iris was flattened and the peripheral AC depth was deepened after LPI. Before and 1 day, 6 months after LPI, no statistic changes of CCT were found(548.02 ±20.22mm, 549.32±21.78mm, 551.34±26.37mm, respectively); no statistic changes of CACD were found(1.65±0.28mm, 1.72±0.31mm, 1.71±0.23mm, respectively); no statistic changes of PD were found(2.32±0.55mm, 2.20±0.39mm, 2.38±0.40mm, respectively); no statistic changes of LT were found(1.90±0.55mm, 1.82±0.39mm, 1.98±0.40mm, respectively); no statistic changes of AL were found(23.08±1.05mm, 22.91±1.12mm, 22.94±0.96mm, respectively); no statistic changes of RPL were found(0.118±0.035, 0.126±0.041, 0.121±0.028, respectively). PACD was deepened, temporal from 0.88±0.31mm to 1.19±0.25mm(1 day), 1.17±0.30mm(6 months), superior(0.83±0.32mm, 1.01±0.42mm, 1.02±0.36mm), nasal(0.80±0.42mm, 0.95±0.21mm, 0.94±0.24mm), inferior(0.83±0.34mm, 1.13±0.14mm, 1.12±0.25mm); ACV was increased from 57.06±18.43mm³ to 80.65±20.02mm³(1 day), 81.43±17.21mm 3(6 months); ACA was widened from 27.02°±6.65° to 30.41°±5.87°(1 day), 31.52°±6.98°(6 months), which were increased significantly between before and after LPI, and no difference between 1 day and 6 months after LPI.

CONCLUSION:LPI can induce dramatic changes of 3-D anterior segment morphology in the fellow eye of acute primary angle closure glaucoma(PACG). The changes of AC after LPI can be demonstrated by Pentacam qualitatively and quantitatively.

Abstract:AIM: To compare changes in visual contrast sensitivity after implantable contact lens(ICL)implantation of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens in high myopia eyes.

METHODS: Contrast sensitivity function and visual acuity were evaluated in 52 eyes of 27 high myopia patients undergoing ICL implantation. We tested the contrast sensitivity pre-operation and 1 week after operation with best spectacle visual correction. The test included 4 modes which were day and night, with and without glare and 5 space frequents were 1.5c/deg, 3c/deg, 6c/deg, 12c/deg, 18 c/deg.

RESULTS: The mean value of uncorrected visual acuity after ICL implantation was 4.8558±0.6960(ranged from 4.5 to 5.1). The postoperative contrast sensitivity values were found significantly higher(P<0.05)than those of the preoperative eyes. One week, 1 month, 3 months postoperatively, the uncorrected visual acuity was significantly improved(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: ICL implantation improves the contrast sensitivity and visual function of the high myopia eyes.

Abstract:Intraocular lens as a drug delivery system has certain advantages in prevention of posterior capsular opacification, which include locally high drug concentrations, slight side effects and strong targeting. It can suppress the cells which have potential proliferation ability in situ, and avoid side effects and damages caused by direct medication to certain extent. The preparation of drugs modified intraocular lens which can reduce the incidence of posterior capsular opacification has become the study focus of many scholars. The article reviews the advances of this study at present.

Abstract:Cyclodialysis is a common complication of ophthalmic operation, eye blunt injury and other eye diseases. The most common clinical manifestations are vision loss, resistant low intraocular pressure,shallow anterior chamber and refractive status change,et al. Low intraocular pressure can lead to optic disc hyperaemia and edema, retinal ischemia and macular edema, if sustained low, it may cause corneal dystrophy and cataract et al and lead to irreversible visual impairment. Some serious patients may appear eye atrophy. Diagnosis and treatment on early stage are very important to reduce the complications. As the emergence of B-scan ophthalmological ultrasound, ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)and anterior segment-optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT), some small scale of cyclodilysist can be found in the early period, and the accuracy of diagnosis increases. With the research and exploration in recent years, the treatment of cyclodialysis has made a lot of progress.

Abstract:Nowadays, treatments for retinal degenerative diseases mainly stay in supportive treatments such as improve circulation, nourishing nerve in the clinical. It still lacks effective treatment. As bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)have high expansion potential and autologous immunological characteristics,people have tried various ways of isolation, induction, transplantation and so on,with a purpose to transform BMSCs to retinal nerve cells,and ultimately make cell-replaced therapy available. We reviewed the current literature for trials and case reports on retina transplantation of BMSCs, to provide help for the further research.

Abstract:Normal cornea is in stabile angiogenic privilege statement with many factors' effects, which is also the basement for cornea to maintain normal physiology functions. However, angiogenesis forms the pathophysiological basis of some disease. Because the balance between cornea angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors is broken and corneal neovascularization(CNV)switch turned on. CNV usually causes and aggravates corneal clouding and corneal graft rejection. It is one of the reasons leading to blindness. In the recent years, with the development of immunology, molecule biology and pharmacology, there are a lot of break on the cognition of CNV. This review mainly discusses corneal neovascularization mechanism and the therapeutic advance of CNV.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the curative effect of foldable intraocular lens(IOL)ciliary sulcus suture fixation with small incision and to investigate the surgical technique.

METHODS: We took a retrospective analysis of 19 eyes without intact posterior capsule or lacking of zonular support, which fail to take a phacoemulsification. 11 eyes had a single-piece IOL ciliary sulcus suture fixated with a scleral incision(group Ⅰ); 8 eyes had a foldable IOL ciliary sulcus suture fixated with a corneal incision(group Ⅱ); Postoperative follow-up observations included visual acuity, intraocular pressure, IOL position and complications.

RESULTS:The postoperative naked visual acuity was improved in 10 eyes(91%)in group Ⅰand in 8 eyes(100%)in group Ⅱ; The postoperative corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)was improved in 4 eyes(36%)in group Ⅰ and in 6 eyes(75%)in group Ⅱ. The postoperative CDVA was ≥0.5 in 1 eye in group Ⅰ and in 5 eyes in group Ⅱ, the difference was statistically significant(P=0.041). Apparent IOL deviation was not observed in any eyes postoperatively in our study.

CONCLUSION: The foldable IOL ciliary sulcus suture fixation with small incision is an effective method for treatment of eyes without intact posterior capsule or lacking of zonular support. And it is worth popularizing widely.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the clinical curative effect and operation complications in the process of extracapsular extraction of cataract by phacoemulsification.

METHODS: Totally 4 350 cases of cataract were treated by sclera tunnel incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction, and the reason of the operation complications was analyzed. The patients were followed-up for 3-24 months.

RESULTS:Phacoemulsification was performed successfully on 4 345 eyes(99.89%), and 5 eyes were changed to extracapsular cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens(ECCE+IOL)implantation. 10 eyes(0.23%)attained corrected vision under 0.1; 290 eyes(6.67%)attained corrected vision of 0.1 to 0.4; 4 050 eyes(93.10%)attained corrected vision of 0.5 or better 3 months after operation. During the operations there were capsular rupture in 26 eyes(0.60%), defeated capsulorhexis in 16 eyes(0.37%), corneal endothelial edema 350 eyes(8.05%), posterior capsular opacification 116 eyes(2.67%), intraocular hypertension 31 eyes, entophthalmia in 3 eyes.

CONCLUSION: The extraction of cataract by phacoemulsification and embedding of artificial crystal may have less tissue damage, and vision recovers quickly. Though it is an effective method, understanding the reasons for operation complication and reducing the operation complication can ensure the success of operation.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the operation timing of cataract surgery for severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR).

METHODS:Totally 120 eyes with severe NPDR were divided into 3 groups according to the timing of cataract surgery. Group A never treated with panretinal photocoagulation, and focal or grid macular laser. Group B was treated with panretinal photocoagulation and focal or grid macular laser for less than 3 months. Group C was treated with panretinal photocoagulation and focal or grid macular laser for more than 6 months. We examined the changes of macular thickness using OCT before cataract surgery and 1 month and 6-months after surgery. The central subfield mean thickness(CSMT)was used to evaluate macular edema which was defined as an increase of CSMT(ΔCSMT)> 30% from the baseline. We also analyzed the best-corrected visual acuity of the three groups.

RESULTS: Macular edema occurred in 4 eyes(10.3%), 11 eyes(30.6%)and 2 eyes(4.4%)from the three groups respectively. 6 months after operation, compared to the A, C groups, macular edema from the group B were significantly different(χ²=4.821, 10.120; P<0.05). The best-corrected visual acuity of the group B was lower than the other groups(χ²=9.924, 12.101; P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: After treated with panretinal photocoagulation within short-term, cataract surgery might improve the risk of postoperative macular edema.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the technique of congenital cataract surgery and highlight the significance of optic rehabilitation postoperatively by a retrospective study with congenital cataract.

METHODS:Phacomulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation combined the technique of anterior and posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and the anterior vitrectomy were performed on the 21 consecutive eyes of 11 children who had congenital cataract. The postoperative follow-up was 6 months to 1 year, and at the same time all patients accepted amblyopic treatment so as to rehabilitate the visual acuity.

RESULTS: The visual acuity of all patients with congenital cataract was improved with different degrees after treatment.Fibrinous exudative was seen in 9 eyes(42.9%)1 week after operations. Posterior capsular opacification was found in three eyes(14.3%); the percentage of patients who failed to follow-up 6 months after operations was 45.5%.

CONCLUSION: The surgical skill of congenital cataract has its own characteristic which is different from surgeries for other kinds of cataract, the technique of phacomulsification and IOL implantation combined the double continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and the anterior vitrectomy is effective for prevention of the posterior capsule opacification, and provides more opportunities for patients to get optic rehabilitation. Therefore, successful management of congenital cataract surgery, the duration of postoperative supervision and the training of optical rehabilitation are essential for the treatment of congenital cataract, both doctors and parents should be aware of this point.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the corneal astigmatism correction effect and positional stability of AcrySof Toric intraocular lens(IOL)after cataract surgery.

METHODS: Totally 20 patients 23 eyes were implanted with the AcrySof Toric IOL between April 2010 and April 2012. All the patients were followed up for 6 months. The pre and post-operative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), preoperative corneal astigmatism, postoperative residual astigmatism, Toric lens axis, Toric lens decentration, Toric lens tilt and the capsule were detected and measured.

RESULTS: After 6 months, UCVA was ≥0.6 in 100% of eyes; ≥0.8 in 69.6% of eyes. The mean preoperative corneal astigmatism was 2.31±0.70D and the postoperative residual astigmatism was 0.45±0.30D, indicating a significant decrease in refractive cylinder after surgery(t=15.045, P=0.000). The mean rotation of Toric IOLs was 5.36°±0.32°. After 6 months, IOL centricity was in 12 eyes(52.2%)in which 8 eyes(34.8%)<0.5mm, 1mm>3 eyes(13.0%)≥ 0.5mm,1 eye(4.3%)>1mm. 20 eyes(87.0%)was untilt while 3 eyes(13.0%)was tilt and less than 5°,

CONCLUSION: Even in different orientation,AcrySof Toric IOL still has good position stability. It is an effective and predicted method for the correct of corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery.

Abstract:AIM: To study the effect of peach-shaped reverse rectangular trabeculectomy for treatment of glaucoma.

METHODS:From January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2011, 96 cases 100 eyes with glaucoma were collected and grouped according to time. There were 48 cases 50 eyes in experimental group, who underwent the use of peach shaped reverse rectangular trabeculectomy, the rest 50 patients were assigned to the control group, with conventional treatment.

RESULTS:The effect of use of peach-shaped reverse rectangular trabeculectomy was better than the conventional surgical treatment.

CONCLUSION:Peach-shaped reverse rectangular trabeculectomy has obvious effect for the treatment of glaucoma, it is worth spreading.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of calcium dobesilate and hexuemingmu tablet on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR).

METHODS: Totally 67 diabetic patients 129 eyes were selected. Patients were divided into experimental group and control group. Nonage experimental group was named group A1(16 cases, 29 eyes), nonage control group was named group A2(14 eases, 26 eyes), metaphase experimental group was named group B1(19 cases, 38 eyes), and metaphase control group was named group B2(18 cases, 36 eyes). The patients in experimental group A1 and group B1 took domestic calcium dobesilate and hexuemingmu tablets for 12 weeks. The patients in control group A2 and B2 took rutin tablets, vitamin C and inosine tablets. Three months before and after treatment, the patients' vision, intraocular pressure, the condition of retina, FFA were observed and compared.

RESULTS: After treatment the number of patients with improvement of eye ground in group A1 was significantly more than that in group A2, so was the effective rate(P<0.05)in group B1 was significantly more than that in group B2, so was the effective rate(P<0.05)patients with improvement of eye ground in group A1 was significantly more than that in group B1, so was the effective rate(P<0.05)for early pathological changes.

CONCLUSION: Calcium dobesilate and hexuemingmu tablet is effective on NPDR, which is more obvious for early pathological changes.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the effect of calcitriol in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).

METHODS: Totally 96 patients with PDR were chosen. All patients were divided into two groups randomly. Patients in group T(29 males and 19 females)were given calcitriol(0.25μg/day)and routine drugs, while patients in group C(31 males and 17 females)received routine drugs only. Other twenty normal adults were selected as healthy group(group N)and took no drugs. The serum Ca, P, 25-(OH)D₃, 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ and parathyroid hormone(PTH)were measured at the experiment onset and 12 weeks later.

RESULTS: Compared to group N, the serum 25-(OH)D₃, 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ level was both obviously decreased, and serum PTH level was increased both in Group C and Group T(P<0.05). After calcitriol treatment for 12 weeks, the serum 25-(OH)D3, 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ level in group T was all obviously increased(P<0.05), and serum PTH level was obviously decreased(P<0.05). Simultaneously ocular fundus changes were improved, the efficiency ratio of group T was higher than that of group C(89.6% vs 60.4%, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum Ca, P among the three groups at any time.

CONCLUSION: There is lower serum 25-(OH)D₃, 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ level in the patients with PDR, and calcitriol can improve the disorder and is effective in treating PDR.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the causes of delayed subretinal fluid(SRF)absorption after the rhegatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)surgery, in order to shorten the SRF absorption time.

METHODS: The clinical and follow-up data from consecutive series of 93 eyes of 93 patients received scleral buckling surgery for RRD were retrospectively reviewed. The relationship of multiple factors, including age, duration of disease, location of retinal hole, number of retinal hole, area and height of retina detachment, scleral buckling surgery methods with SRF absorption were analyzed respectively by χ² test.The correlations among statistically significant factors with postoperative SRF absorption were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: Postoperative SRF delayed absorption was found with significant difference among location of retinal hole(P=0.031)and the height of scleral buckling surgery ridge(P=0.047), different age(P=0.043)and different duration(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the preoperative SRF absorption was found with no significant difference among patient's gender and refraction, and number of retinal hole, and height of retinal detachment,management of subretinal fluid and intravitreal gas injection(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:The causes of SRF delayed absorption depend on many factors, including the height of scleral buckling surgery ridge, the degree and scope of scleral condensation, RD time, location of retinal hole, and patients' age and characters. Scleral condensation and scleral buckling surgery may increase the retinal choroid blood circulation obstacle.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the clinical effect of compound anisodine injection for the treatment of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(ION).

METHODS: From December 2011 to June 2012, 82 patients with anterior ION were selected as objects in our hospital, they were all ill in single eye. They were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Observation group(compound anisodine injection group, n=42)and control group(salvia hormone injection group, n=40). We observed the curative effects.

RESULTS: In observation group, the total effective rate was 88.1% after 2 courses of treatment, it was significantly higher than the control group, after χ² test, P<0.05. The complication rate was 2.4%, the differences were not apparent when compared with the control group, after the χ² test, P>0.05.

CONCLUSION: The clinical effect of compound anisodine injection for the treatment of anterior ION was obvious, it does not increase the incidence of adverse reactions when combined with traditional methods, it has the characteristics of safety, simple, and easy to practice.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the potential dissect element of elderly acute primary angle closure for early glaucoma prevention by measuring the parameters of anterior eye segment in the elderly with primary angle closure using ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)and A-scan ultrasonography.

METHODS: A retrospective study was performed based on the measured parameters with two samples. The first sample included 35 primary angle closure suspect eyes of 33 patients aging from 55 to 83 years old and the second sample included 25 healthy eyes of 25 randomly selected volunteers aging from 55 to 80 years old. The anterior chamber depth(ACD), angle opening distance(AOD500), iris-lens contract distance(ILCD),trabecular-ciliary process distance(TCPD), the ciliary processes around the scleral forward rotation angle(B angle),iris thickness(IT)were measured by UBM. Axial length(AL), lens thickness(LT), relative lens position(RLP)were measured by A-scan ultrasonography.

RESULTS: We compared the parameters measured for 35 primary angle closure suspect eyes and 25 healthy eyes. For Crystal related parameters, the RLP of angle closure suspect eyes decreased significantly(P<0.01)from that of healthy eyes, the LT of angle closure suspect eyes increased significantly(P<0.05)from that of healthy eyes, the ILCD of angle closure suspect eyes increased significantly(P<0.01)from that of healthy eyes; For ciliary body parameters, the TCPD, B angle of angle closure suspect eyes decreased significantly(P<0.01)from that of healthy eyes; For anterior chamber associated parameters, the ACD, AOD500 of angle closure suspect eyes decreased significantly(P<0.01)from that of healthy eyes. However, there was no difference in IT between the primary angle closure suspect eyes and the healthy eyes.

CONCLUSION: Lens forward positioning, lens thickness increase, and ciliary body position forward swing are high risk factors of elderly acute primary angle closure.

Abstract:AIM:To dynamically monitor staffs' intraocular pressure(IOP)on Beijing-Tibet trains at different altitude, and explore the effect and cause of altitude change on the population's IOP.

METHODS: The whole staffs in a set who travelled between Beijing and Lasa were selected randomly, with the height of T1(200m), T2(2500m)and T3(4500m)on approaching and R1(4500m), R2(2500m)on back tracking as monitoring sites for IOP test. Blood pressure, plasma oxygen saturation and heart rate were recorded. Variance analysis and Pearson correlation were applied for statistical analysis, with P<0.05 indicating statistically significant difference.

RESULTS: There was dramatically significant difference between IOP tested at the altitude above 2500m and the lower altitude(200m)(P<0.05), and significant difference between IOP tested at the altitude of 4500m and other monitoring sites(P<0.05). There was no dramatic correlation between IOP and plasma oxygen saturation, heart rate, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:IOP of train staffs on highland fluctuates as rise of altitude, and it could be increased by high latitude, as may be correlated with low air pressure, change of the biological parameter of eyeball and systemic reaction to high altitude anoxia.

Abstract:AIM: To study clinical effects of optimizating surgical excision of pterygium and limbal conjunctival transplantation with stem cell.

METHODS: Primary pterygium patients 59 eyes of 59 cases were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Optimizating surgical excision of pterygium and limbal conjunctival transplantation with stem cell was performed in the experimental group(32 eyes of 32 cases); surgical excision of pterygium and limbal conjunctival transplantation with stem cell was performed in the control group(27 eyes of 27 cases); respectively using the corresponding approach of surgical treatment. The healing time of postoperative corneal epithelial and the conjunctival flap, the time of operative course, the rate of recurrence and postoperative comfort were compared and statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: The experimental group and the control group of the healing time of corneal epithelial respectively were 2.16±0.37 and 2.87±0.31 days, the time of operative course were 30.03±1.98 minutes and 36.63±2.42 minutes, the healing time of conjunctival flap were 8.06±0.75 days and 10.02±1.01 days, the scores of postoperative discomfort were 0.91±0.69 and 1.63±0.74. The differences were statistically significant(P<0.01), both groups had no recurrence case.

CONCLUSION: Using the optimizating surgical excision of pterygium and limbal conjunctival transplantation with stem cell can shorten the healing time of postoperative corneal epithelial and the conjunctival flap and patient feel more comfort after surgery.

Abstract:AIM: To measure the abnormality of the superior oblique tendon in patients with congenital superior oblique muscle paralysis.

METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, self-control designed study. The width and the tensity of the superior oblique tendon of both the paralytic and nonparalytic eye were measured during the operations in 22 patients who were diagnosed with esotropia(including congenital esotropia, basic esotropia and partially accommodative esotropia)accompanied with single superior oblique muscle paralysis. The tensity of the tendon was measured as the maximal distance of which the superior oblique tendon could be lifted from the sclera.

RESULTS: There was significant difference(P<0.01)in the average width of the superior oblique tendon between the paralytic eyes(2.64±0.69mm)and the nonparalytic eyes(3.84±0.56mm). There was also significant difference(P<0.01)in the average tensity between the paralytic eyes(9.02±1.68mm)and the nonparalytic eyes(6.48±1.33mm).

CONCLUSION: The superior oblique tendon is narrower and more relaxant in the paralytic eyes.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze and investigate the clinical effects of the combined treatment of neonatal dacryocystitis.

METHODS: Totally 120 cases(145 eyes)of neonatal dacryocystitis received combined treatment, including using secretions culture and drug susceptibility testing, massage, drug pressure washing, and lacrimal probing.

RESULTS: In the 145 eyes, 24 eyes were cured by lacrimal massage, accounting for 16.6%; 39 eyes were cured by drug pressure washing, accounting for 32.2%; 77 eyes were cured by lacrimal probing, accounting for 93.9%; total cure rate of 96.6%.

CONCLUSION: Combined treatment is an effective and safe therapeutic approach on neonatal dacryocystitis.

Abstract:AIM: To study the incidence of xerophthalmia between people with high myopia and low myopia after laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK), and find a way to prevent the xerophthalmia.

METHODS: The research was based on the retrospective analysis of 388 patients who underwent LASIK surgery in Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital during the 2010-2011. The Patients were divided into low and high myopia group. Assessment included xerophthalmia symptoms, tear fluid quantity, lacrimal secretion, tear film stability, corneal epithelial defect and corneal sensation, etc.

RESULTS: After the surgery, patients with high myopia were significantly higher than the incidence of low myopia groups. High myopia patients, who underwent the LASIK, would have lower tear volume, poorer tear film stability, and higher rate to suffer xerophthalmia symptoms than that of low myopia patients during the observation periods before or after the surgery.

CONCLUSION: Both low and high myopia groups, the rate of women suffering from dry eye was significantly higher than men. Patients with high myopia was significantly higher than the risk of suffering from dry eye syndrome in patients with low myopia, and high myopia than low myopia patients suffering from dry eye symptoms after LASIK is more severe and more lasting. For patients with high myopia, ICL or TICL surgery should be chosen as possible to for refractive correction.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the safety and efficacy of fetal umbilical cord in posteriorscleral reinforcement surgery to treat pathologic myopia.

METHODS: Totally 100 cases(136 eyes)with pathologic myopia were performed surgery after the posterior scleral reinforcement method with single band of rewatered fetal umbilical cord which had dehydration of alcohol fixation treatment. Postoperative visual acuity, diopter, eye axis and complications were observed. And the follow-up time lasted for 1.5 years.

RESULTS: After surgery, visual acuity of myopia stable or decreased accounted for 91.2%; corrected visual acuity was stable or improved after 0.5,1,1.5 years, third year respectively in 125 eyes(91.9%), 127 eyes(93.4%)and 124 eyes(91.2%); preoperative axial length of patients was 29.81±1.87mm while postoperative axial length after the 0.5,1,1.5 years respectively were 29.82±1.90mm, 29.83±1.79mm, 29.79±2.06mm. Compared with the preoperative axial length, there was no significant difference(P>0.05). 3 cases had postoperative transient diplopia. No retinal detachment, vitrectomy hemorrhage, rejection and other serious complications occurred.

CONCLUSION: Posterior scleral reinforcement surgery with fetal umbilical cord is a safe and effective treatment method which can prevent the development of myopia while the long-term effects need further observation.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the clinical effect of posterior chamber implantable contact lens(ICL)implantation on extreme high myopia.

METHODS: ICL or Toric ICL(TICL)implantation was performed in 40 eyes of 20 patients with extreme high myopia. Spherical refraction of these patients was -10.0--18.0D and cylinder refraction was -0.25--3.00D. All the patients' equivalent spherical refraction was -15.32D. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure(IOP), topography examination, amount of corneal endothelial cells was examined in these patients and follow-up was 12 months.

RESULTS:Twelve months after surgery, 32 eyes(80.0%)received UCVA better than 0.8. One line increased in eye chart of BCVA was 12 eyes(30.0%)and two lines were 6 eyes(15.0%)postoperatively. Refraction between +0.5D and -0.5D was 28 eyes(70.0%)after surgery. There was no significant difference of IOP between preoperation and postoperation(t=0.518, P=0.776). There was no significant difference of average amount of corneal endothelial cells before surgery(2 823±243.6/mm²)and 6 months after surgery(2 709±273.2/mm²). No other complications occurred during and after surgery.

CONCLUSION: For extreme high myopia, ICL implantation is safe and effective.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the rebuilding of binocular vision in adult comitant strabismus patients.

METHODS: Twenty-one cases of adult comitant strabismus were examined before operation, 3 days, 6 weeks, 6 months after operation respectively. Three degree binocular vision was tested by Synoptophore and near stereoacuity, crossed disparity and uncrossed disparity were tested by Yan Shaoming stereogram.

RESULTS: Sixteen cases had uniocular suppression before operation, among them, 6 cases removed uniocular suppression 6 weeks postoperatively, the difference was significant(P<0.05); Five cases had synoptophore binocular vision before operation and it increased to 11 cases 6 weeks postoperatively, among them, 7 cases were improved, improved 36.8%, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); Three cases had near stereopsis before operation and it increased to 7 cases 6 weeks postoperatively, among them, 4 cases were improved, improved rate 22.2%, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01); Three cases had normal crossed disparity before operation and it increased to 7 cases 6 weeks postoperatively, among them, 4 cases were improved, improved 22.2%, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01); Four cases had normal uncrossed disparity before operation and it increased to 7 cases 6 weeks postoperatively, among them, 3 cases were improved, improved 17.6%, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Binocular vision has been improved in different degrees postoperatively for adult comitant strabismus, mainly in simultaneous perception and synoptophore fusion, but stereopsis is hard to be built, especially the distance stereopsis; it is not clever to neglect the reconstruction of binocular vision just because of missing right time of surgery.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the curative effect of esculin and digitalisglycosides eye drops on adolescent refractive asthenopia.

METHODS: Objects of study were patients with refractive asthenopia during April 2011 to April 2012, age from 6 to 18, totally 200 patients 400 eyes with typical visual fatigue symptoms were included. The enrolled patients used esculin and digitalisglycosides eye drops made by Germany, 1 drop per time,t.i.d. duration of the treatment lasted for 1 month. The improvement of treatment including visual fatigue, vision, dioptric change and drug adverse reactions were determined by conducting questionnaires rating.

RESULTS: Visual fatigue grade increased from 3.67 to 1.89 after the treatment, which had statistical significance(P<0.05). The naked eyesight of the patients improved from 4.43±0.38 to 4.60±0.49. Comparison differences between groups had statistical significance(t=-3.87, P<0.05). Dioptry decreased from -2.54±3.00D to -2.25±2.98D, but the differences had no statistical significance. There's no report for adverse reactions.

CONCLUSION:Esculin and digitalisglycosides eye drops is safe and effective in treating adolescent refractive asthenopia.

Abstract:AIM: To observe and evaluate the efficacy of wearing orthokeratology lens for anisometropia.

METHODS: Totally 38 patients with anisometropia were fitted with orthokeratology lens. They were followed up 1 day, 1 week; 1 month,3, 6 months; 1 year, 2, 3 years after wearing glasses, and uncorrected visual acuity, corneal curvature, axial length, slit-lamp examination with or without complications were observed.

RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity was significantly improved, and it was stable after 1 week. Individual cases with conjunctivitis and punctate epithelial exfoliation could be restored after treatment. Corneal curvature flattened, the average corneal curvature was 43.42±1.17D before wearing glasses, and was 41.65±1.56D one week after wearing glasses, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). After wearing glasses for 1 month, 3, 6 months, 1 year, 2 3 years, there were no significant changes. There was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). After wearing glasses for 1 year, 2, 3 years, the axial length increased by 0.18±0.13, 0.22±0.11, 0.25±0.10mm than before wearing glasses, and there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology appears to be a preferred treatment for juvenile anisometropia, it can correct anisometropia, achieve the balance between two eyes, and it also can effectively control the development of myopia, thereby reducing the gap the degree of anisometropia.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the similarities and differences of conjunctival sac bacteria in the middle age and elder between Tibetan nationality and Yi nationality.

METHODS: This survey study was performed as the standardized training and protocol. A total of 290 eyes of 145 individuals from Tibetan nationality and 272 eyes of 136 individuals in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture received questionnaire survey and ophthalmological examination. The secretion of the inferior palpebral conjunctival sac was embrocated and inoculated on blood plate for 48-72 hours. The bacteria was separated and identified.

RESULTS: All the examinee finished the survey and examination with a good compliance. No significant difference was found in the demography between these two groups of population. The multiple bacterial positive rate in conjunctival sac was 50.7% in Tibetan nationality and that of Yi nationality was 69.9% with a considerably difference between them(P<0.05). The multiple bacterial species were simultaneously detected in 11.6% in Tibetan nationality population and 2.6% Yi nationality, showing evidently difference(P<0.05 ).The positive rate of corynbaccterium in conjunctival sac of Tibetan nationality was statistically lower than that of Yi nationality(P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the positive rate of staphylococcus epidemics between two groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The bacteria positive rate in conjunctiva sac is considerably difference in the population between Tibetan nationality and Yi nationality. The simple bacterial species is found in majority people in two groups of subjects. The positive rate of multiple bacterial strains coexistence is more than the Yi nationality. The bacterial strains is different between Tibetan nationality and Yi nationality.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the influence of cardiovascular disease on age-related cataract(ARC).

METHODS: A retrospective case-control study of all the cases(years 2009.09-2011.03)(n=360)and 360 matched controls. The main outcome measures were the odds ratios(OR)and corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CI)of ARC. All subjects were interviewed using a structured interviewer-administrated questionnaire.

RESULTS:No difference was found in age, occupation, residence. After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, the risks of ARC for cases in fasting glucose impaired and diabetes increased 62.4% and 69.8%, respectively(OR=1.624, 95% CI:1.068-2.553, P=0.007; OR =1.698, 95% CI:1.412-2.719, P=0.009). The risk of ARC in hypertension significantly increased(OR=1.431, 95% CI:1.098-1.997, P=0.007). Current smoking and drinking were risk factors of ARC(OR=1.712, 95% CI:1.312-2.344, P=0.010; OR=1.912, 95% CI:1.310-2.896, P=0.003).

CONCLUSION: Diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and drinking have higher risks of ARC, and eventually lead to the occurrence of ARC.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate anxiety and depression symptoms and life quality in primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)patients and investigate its affected factors in POAG patients.

METHODS: Sixty POAG patients diagnosed in outpatient department in two hospitals from June 2009 to June 2011 were included. The personal data and case history were recorded and the patients underwent the glaucoma drug therapy. The life quality and anxiety and depression symptoms were evaluated by two instruments. Instruments applied included the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15(GQL-15)and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS).

RESULTS:The incidence of anxiety, depression, anxiety and depression in POAG was 33.3%,26.7%, 13.4%, respectively. Anxiety depression score and GQL-15 summary score was positively correlated with course, intraocular pressure, age, the species and price of drugs(P<0.05), and negatively correlated with income and vision(P<0.05). Compared with pre-therapy values, significant improvements were noted after hypotensive drug therapy in GQL-15 summary score, anxiety and depression scores(F_{anxiety scores} =9.54, F _{depression scores} =6.88, F_{GQL scores}=8.82; P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: There are lower life quality, higher positive anxiety and depression rates in POAG patients.The course, income, age and intraocular pressure, the species and price of drugs in POAG patients were affected in life quality, anxiety and depression and hypotensive drug interventions can improve life quality, anxiety and depression in POAG patients.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the prevalence and population distribution of pterygium in rural aged population in Chicheng County of Zhangjiakou City and provide the basis for the regional prevention and treatment of pterygium.

METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional study. 3 981 rural residents aged more than 50 years old from 18 towns 180 villages in Chicheng County of Zhangjiakou City were selected by cluster randomized sampling. All subjects were taken slit lamp, life vision, external ocular and funds photos, stages and grades of pterygium were made based on the examinations.

RESULTS: A total of 3 494 subjects participated in the survey with the response rate of 87.77%. The number of pterygium was 280 with the prevalence 8.01%; the prevalence in male(10.11%)was significantly higher than female(6.97%), the difference was statistically significant(χ²=10.335,P=0.001), the prevalence of pterygium was elevated as the increase of age under 80 years, the difference was statistically significant(χ²=15.949,P=0.001). Of the 280 cases 387 eyes, 297 eyes needed surgical treatment, accounted for 76.74%.

CONCLUSION: Pterygium is a common ocular disease in rural aged population in Chicheng County of Zhangjiakou City. Different gender and age groups have different prevalence rate of pterygium. The percentage of surgical treatment is high.

Abstract:AIM:To acquire the normal visual acuity values and the rate of amblyopia for each age through visual survey of the children accepting treatment at Xinzhou hospital.

METHODS: Children were asked to read the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart at the distance of 5m. Then, children under 3 years old whose visual degree were less than 0.5, the children of 4-5 years old whose visual degree were less than 0.6, the children of 6-7 years old whose visual degree were less than 0.7, or the visual gap was greater than 2 lines were asked to make a return visit at hospital outpatient.

RESULTS: The detection rate of vision disorders in 3 211 children was 7.51%. The refractive state of vision disorder was hyperopia; mild amblyopia accounted the largest percentage in the refractive amblyopia, followed by moderate amblyopia. The prevalence of amblyopia was 3.68% in 6-year-old group, 3.76% in 5-year-old group, 7.93 in 4-year-old group, 16.48% in 3-year-old group. As the growth of the age, the vision in each group also increased. The vision distribution in each group: 0.5518±0.1910 in 3-year-old group, 0.6444±0.1584 in 4-year-old group, 0.6662±0.1544 in 5-year-old group and 0.7601±0.1119 in 6-year-old group. The rate of vision disorders had statistical difference among the 3-year-old group(P<0.05), and no significant difference for the 4-6 years old group(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The development of children's vision is a dynamic process. Therefore, age factor should be taken into account in amblyopia diagnosis.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the effect on central coreal thickness(CCT)after using Travoprost, Latanoprost and bimatoprost.

METHODS: By clinical retrospective case control study, patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)were randomly classified for 3 groups: Twenty patients(22 eyes)were treated with Travoprost, 20 patients(25 eyes)were treated with Latanoprost, and 20 patients(21 eyes)were treated with bimatoprost. CCT before and 6 months after the treatments was observed.

RESULTS: The CCT of 3 groups had decreased markedly after 6 months. Travoprost group decreased from 525±36.45μm to 510±27.87μm(t=8.11, P=0.001), Latanoprost decreased from 30±26.65μm to 512±22.27μm(t=7.34, P=0.001), and Bimatoprost reduced from 534±47.35μm to 516±19.56μm(t=5.62, P=0.001). The effectiveness of the treatments did not differ significantly when the three groups were compared(F=0.205, P=0.544).

CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that use of prostaglandins could reduce the CCT.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the clinical curative effect of cyclosporine A eye drops on the treatment of herpetic stromal keratitis.

METHODS: From January 2011 to January 2012, 91 cases 91 eyes with herpes simplex virus keratitis patients in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups: group A received 10g/L cyclosporin A eye drops and ganciclovir gel; group B was used 5g/L loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic solution and ganciclovir gel. The rest were symptomatic treatment. Two groups were followed up for 6-12 months, with an average of 10 months.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference in treatment effect of viral keratitis between two groups. But the average cure time in group A was 5.1±2.4 days, and that of group B was 6.2±2.8 days, indicating that the average cure time in group A was shorter than group B. The two group cure rate and recurrence rate had no statistical difference(P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION For herpes simplex virus keratitis patients, using 10g/L cyclosporin A eye drops can be safe and effective, but the cure time is long.

Abstract:AIM: To discuss the reason and precautions of cornea edema after phacoemulsification(Phaco)combined intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.

METHODS: Totally 160 patients 190 eyes who underwent Phaco combined IOL implantation during 2009 to 2011 were selected. The basic information and treatment of the patients were analyzed, the cause of cornea edema after surgery was investigated and the precautions and measure were proposed.

RESULTS: Of the 190 eyes, 67 eyes appeared cornea edema after Phaco combined IOL implantation, including 25 eyes from age-related cataract patients. The incidence rate was 13.2%. 6 eyes appeared cornea edema from I and II degree nuclei patients. The incidence rate was 3.2%(6/75). 56 eyes appear cornea edema from III to V degree nuclei patients. The incidence rate was 29.5%(56/115). The records had statistical differences(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The reason of cornea edema after Phaco combined IOL implantation has relationship with the operation skills of the surgeons and the careful operation during the surgery is the basic of the precautions which reduce the pain of the patients and raise the success ratio of the surgery.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal conjunctivitis.

METHODS: Totally 100 cases of neonatal conjunctivitis patients admitted to our hospital from January 2008 to January 2010 by order of admission were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 50 cases in each group, the observation group was given ofloxacin drops eye drops while the control group was given penicillin eye drops, the efficacy, eye secretions disappeared time, conjunctival hyperemia disappeared time, transparent cornea time were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: After the treatment, the effective rate of 98.0% in the observation group which was significantly higher than the 88.0% of control group(χ²= 3.84, P<0.05); the eye secretions disappeared time, conjunctival hyperemia disappeared time, transparent cornea time in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: The ofloxacin had excellent therapeutic efficacy for treating with neonatal conjunctivitis, and it can effectively improve the cure rate and shorten children's eye secretions, conjunctival hyperemia disappear and cornea transparent time.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of compound trabeculectomy in treatment of nearly absolute glaucoma.

METHODS: A total of 28 cases(28 eyes)with nearly absolute glaucoma were treated with compound trabeculectomy, preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP),visual acuity were compared. The follow-up time was 3 to 12(average 7.5)months.

RESULTS: IOP was controlled under normal standard in 28 eyes, visual acuity was improved in 11 eyes, unchanged in 14 eyes and worsened in 3 eyes.

CONCLUSION: The compound trabeculectomy significantly increases the successful rate of operation,decreases complications, which is a safe, effective method on treating nearly absolute glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the clinical curative effect of laser photocoagulation for macular edema.

METHODS: Krypton laser photocoagulation was applied for 42 patients(72 eyes)with macular edema, the situation of patients edema disapperance and vision improvement were observed 3 months after photocoagulation.

RESULTS: Before treatment, the average visual acuity was 0.42 ±0.20, three months after treatment, the average visual acuity was 0.55 ±0.26, vision improvement rate was 93%; edema disappeared and the effective rate was 90%.

CONCLUSION: The curative effect of krypton laser photocoagulation on macular edema is safe and stable.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the effect and security of multi-wavelength laser and huoxuemingmu tablet in treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC).

METHODS: Retrospectively analyzed 56 cases with CSC treated with multi-wavelength laser and huoxuemingmu tablet during 2009-2012. The pre- and postoperative visual acuity, optical coherence tomography(OCT)of macular were compared.

RESULTS: After 56 cases(60 eyes)were treated, the postoperative visual acuity and OCT significantly improved(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The curative effect is precise in treating CSC with multi-wavelength laser and huoxuemingmu tablet. Eyesight recovered remarkably and recurrence rate decreased obviously.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the treatment protocols of primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG)in persistent high ocular hypertension.

METHODS: The curative effects of 31 cases(32 eyes)with PACG in persistent high ocular hypertension were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were performed different surgical therapy.

RESULTS: For all cases, the intraocular pressure(IOP)was reduced to normal and the visual acuity was increased to some extent with no severe complications. Compared to the preoperative visual acuity which was hand movement before the eye to 0.1, the postoperative visual acuity was increased to 0.1 to 0.8. The mean IOP was reduced from 48.6mmHg preoperatively to 11.5mmHg 1 month postoperatively.

CONCLUSION: In order to reduce the high risk of operation and receive the optimal visual function, paracentesis seems to be necessary in controlling IOP in PACG patients with persistent high IOP. Anti-glaucoma operation was recommended to be performed when the cornea was clear.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the clinical effects of frontal muscle flap suspension surgery for severe congenital ptosis.

METHODS: Totally 55 cases(75 eyes)with severe congenital ptosis underwent the frontal muscle flap suspension surgery. Therapy effects after operation were observed for 3-12 months(an average of 6 months).

RESULTS: Totally 69 eyes(92%)were corrected satisfactorily, 5 eyes(7%)were corrected basically satisfactorily, the rests were not corrected enough. No excessive correction happened.

CONCLUSION: The frontal muscle flap suspension surgery is a reliable and effective method for severe congenital ptosis.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the relationship between pterygium size and corneal astigmatism.

METHODS: Totally 64 patients 70 eyes with primary pterygium were included in present study. Uncorrected visual acuity, corneal curvature and the length pterygium invading the cornea was measured. The association between length pterygium invading the cornea and the corneal astigmatism was analyzed. The difference between pre- and post-operative corneal astigmatism were analyzed, as well as uncorrected visual acuity.

RESULTS: Before operation, various levels of astigmatism were found in 69 eyes. The degree of astigmatism was associated with the length pterygium invading the cornea, and regular astigmatism was the main type. The degree of astigmatism reduced 1 month post-operatively and uncorrected vision acuity improved.

CONCLUSION:Pterygium would cause regular astigmatism, and the degree of astigmatism was significantly associated with the length pterygium invading the cornea. The operation of pterygium could obviously improve corneal astigmatism and visual acuity.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the curative effects and complications of CsA and mitomycin C(MMC)applied to postoperative pterygium.

METHODS: Totally 63 patients(100 eyes)who received treatment at Xiaogan Central Hospital from May 2009 to May 2011 were selected. All the patients underwent resection of pterygium and were divided into two groups randomly. Group 1 received eye drops of 0.5g/L CsA four times per day for 12 weeks(briefed as Group CsA, n=50), and Group 2 received eye drops of 0.2g/L MMC twice per day for 1 week(briefed as Group MMC, n=50).

RESULTS: Four eyes(8%)among 50 in Group CsA and 3 eyes(6%)in Group MMC relapsed after Chi-square test( P>0.05). In Group CsA, 3 patients revealed responses of burning pricking pain and slight congestion of bulbar conjunctiva that disappeared after drug withdrawal. Only slight postoperative photaesthesia, lachrymation and pain were observed and the conjunctiva healing required 5-10 days. No corneal epithelium damage was observed among all eyes. In MMC group, photaesthesia, lachrymation and pain were relevantly severe, and 12 eyes(24%)displayed delayed union in conjunctival wounds(10-14 days).

CONCLUSION: For postoperative applications of CsA and MMC to pterygium, they are equivalent in preventing recurrence of pterygium, yet postoperative drop of CsA revealed lighter reaction and fewer side effects.

Abstract:AIM: To study and clinically analyze eye injury due to elastic tape and understand the status and extent of the traumatic eye injury, summarize the treatment experience and propose preventive measures.

METHODS: From January 2000 to January 2010, 78 patients with ocular trauma caused by the elastic tape were clinically analyzed.

RESULTS: The ocular trauma caused by elastic tape had variety of clinical signs, the consequences were very serious. After active treatment, there were 17 eyes(22%)in the range of low vision.

CONCLUSION: People should use elastic tape for the standard bundled items, and pay attention to the practices, which can avoid eye damage.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the cause of happening and comprehensive treatment of children's frequent eye blink.

METHODS: A series of examination were performed in 73 children with frequent eye blink. They were asked about history in detail, visual acuity, position of eye, slit-lamp microscope, fluorescent, tear film break-up time(BUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test, ocular funds, mydriasis optometry check on children under the vision, and the patients levels of serum lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd), calcium(Ca), iron(Fe), zine(Zn), copper(Cu), magnesium(Mg)7 trace elements were measured.

RESULTS: The cause of frequent instantaneous purpose of the 73 cases of children: the ocular surface and ocular adnexal disease, unhealthy living habits, stability of the tear film, ametropia, serum trace elements lack and so on.

CONCLUSION:Frequent eye blink in children is a common and frequently occurring disease, but it can be easily overlooked. Due to eye disease, physiology, medicine, environment and other factors affect, Its cause is more complex, multiple etiological factor simultaneous with one case. Correct analysis of the reasons for choosing an effective treatment can significantly relieve symptoms and improve the clinical cure rate.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the curative scheme of combined traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with Western medicine on the xerophthalmia after inner eye operation.

METHODS: Seven hundred and sixty-three patients(834 eyes)with xerophthalmia after inner eye operation in the hospital were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, with 417 cases in each group. Conventional treatment after operation was taken in the control group. The treatment group was given conventional treatment and TCM based on the treatment of the control group, patients were given dextran gutta and qiming granules.One day, 7, 30, 90 days after operation, patients xerophthalmia symptom, tear film break-up time(BUT), luciferin dye on cornea and clinical efficacy in the two groups were analyzed and compared.

RESULTS: The results of xerophthalmia symptom, tear film BUT, luciferin dye of the treatment group were not superior to control group 1 day, 90 days after operation, with no statistical significance(P>0.05); but the results of the treatment group were superior to control group 7 days, 30 days after operation, with statistical significance(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The combination of TCM with Western medicine on xerophthalmia can significantly improve curative clinical effect,it has important implications in improving the quality of life and the prognosis of patients.

Abstract:AIM: To study the complications of laser epithelial keratomileusis(LASEK)for myopia and investigate the cause and preventive measures.

METHODS: LASEK was performed on 46 eyes of 25 patients with myopia. The follow-up time was 6 months and the complications were analyzed.

RESULTS: Different complications were found: delayed corneal epithelial wound healing in 4 eyes(8.7%); keratitis filamentosa in 1 eye(2.2%); corneal infection in 2 eyes(4.3%); haze in 18 eyes(39.1%); postoperative steroid intraocular hypertension in 8 eyes(17.4%); postoperative refractive regression greater than -1.00DS in 5 eyes(10.9%); increased astigmatism greater than 1.00DC in 5 eyes(10.9%); postoperative corrected visual acuity lost 1 line in 7 eyes(15.2%)compared with preoperative.

CONCLUSION: LASEK is an safe and effective method for correcting high myopia, but it still has some complications. Special attention should be paid to postoperative corneal epithelial delayed healing and serious corneal haze. With the improvement in postoperative follow-up and reasonable drug administration, these complications can be reduced.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the treatment of traumatic corneal flap displacement after laser in situ keratomileusis( LASIK)and Sub-Bowman keratomileusis(SBK)treatment.

METHODS:Totally 14 cases 14 eyes, after LASIK and SBK operation, resulted in corneal flap displacement due to trauma, and after timely treatment, operation, rational drug use, they achieved good recovery of vision.

RESULTS:Among the 14 cases, after 1 week, 13 cases achieved visual acuity of 0.8 above, and their cornea were transparent. None of the patients had corneal flap folds, epithelial implantation, corneal flap melt. 1 patient with corneal flap displacement and visual acuity of 0.1 after 1 week, visual acuity, corneal edema, corneal flap folds beneath the flap edge was not obvious, laceration of a branch of 1-2mm wide epithelial implantation. 6 months postoperatively, visual acuity reached 1, full transparent cornea.

CONCLUSION:Timely and correct treatment of traumatic corneal flap displacement after LASIK and SBK can obtain good vision.

Abstract:AIM: To research the efficacy of LASIK ultra-thin corneal flap created with VisuMax femtosecond laser.

METHODS: Femtosecond laser LASIK was performed for 120 patients(240 eyes)with VisuMax femtosecond laser system in the production of 90-100μm corneal flap and MEL80 excimer laser corneal ablation. Then postoperative results and complications were observed.

RESULTS: The postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)reached preoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in 198 eyes(82.5%)one day after operation, in 236 eyes(98.3%)after 1 week of operation. And the postoperative UCVA exceeded preoperative BCVA in 141 eyes(58.75%)after 1 month of operation. No serious postoperative complications were observed in all cases.

CONCLUSION: LASIK combined with ultra-thin corneal flap created by VisuMax femtosecond laser is safe and accurate, which makes individualized corneal refractive operation more perfect.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate binocular visual function changes and the rules of clinical changes in early stage of patients with congenital paralytic strabismus, concomitant exotropia and concomitant esotropia before and after strabismus surgery.

METHODS:Totally 106 cases of 3-20 years old strabismus patients were categorized into three groups, the average onset age of the three groups were respectively 7.7±1.2, 8.5±1.4,8.1±1.3, and the surgery age were 6.75±1.20 years, 3.42±2.42 years and 3.80±2.10 years, the grade of the strabismus were 31.50^△±5.50^△, 50.50^△±12.56^△ and 52.25^△±13.8^△. Cover test with prism was used to measure the deviation of strabismus, synoptophore was used to qualify three-degree visual function. The postoperative follow-up time was 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks after surgery.

RESULTS:The difference was statistically significant in the average surgery age and grade of the strabismus between congenital paralytic strabismus group and concomitant strabismus groups(P <0.05), and not statistically significant in the average onset age(P>0.05). The convergence recovery rate of the congenital paralytic strabismus patients were respectively 12.5%, 37.5%, 62.5%, 68.8%, and the stereopsis recovery rate were respectively 0.0%, 18.8%, 50.0%, 56.3% after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks; the convergence recovery rate of the concomitant exotropia patients were respectively 14.1%, 40.8%, 64.8%, 69.0%, and the stereopsis recovery rate were respectively 1.4%, 31.0%, 54.9%, 59.2%; the convergence recovery rate of the concomitant esotropia patients were respectively 26.3%, 47.4%, 73.7%, 78.9%, and the stereopsis recovery rate were respectively 5.3%, 47.4%, 63.2%, 68.4%. There were no significant differences in orthophoria rate, convergence recovery rate and stereopsis recovery rate between the group of the concomitant exotropia and concomitant esotropia after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks(P>0.05; P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The restoration in convergence and stereopsis of congenital paralytic strabismus patients are lower in the early stage, the convergence recovery rate and the stereopsis recovery rate rise significantly. The binocular visual function of the concomitant exotropia patients and concomitant esotropia patients recover early after 2 weeks, and improve obviously in the later period.

Abstract:AIM: To study the effectiveness of the posterior chamber toric implantable contact lens(TICL)for high myopia complicated with astigmism.

METHODS: In the research,7 cases(13 eyes)with high myopia complicated with astigmism were treated with the posterior chamber TICL. The preoperative spherical lens refraction was -9.50--24.00(mean-14.50±7.43)diopter and cylindrical lens refraction was 1-3.5(mean 2.59±0.38)diopter, eyeball length was 26.20-32.85(mean 29.38±3.01)mm. The visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure and position of the intraocular lens were examined after operation.

RESULTS: All of 13 eyes were implanted successfully. The uncorrected visual acuity of every eye was better than preoperative best-corrective visual acuity after postoperative 1 week, the intraocular pressures were normal and the refraction remained stable after postoperative follow-up of 6 months.

CONCLUSION: The implantation of posterior chamber TICL for high myopia complicated with astigmism is effective and safe. The visual acuity of patients was improved and the postoperative diopter was stable.

Abstract:AIM: To study the influencing factors of try-in rigid gas permeable(RGP).

METHODS: A retrospective study was performed examining the data of 120 patients(240 eyes)with myopia who had tried the RGP.

RESULTS: After trying in the RGP, out of 120 patients(240 eyes), 212 eyes(88.3%)had successfully wearing RGP, with 103 eyes(42.9%)satisfied with one piece of trying, 89 eyes(37.1%)satisfied with two pieces of trying, 16 eyes(6.7%)satisfied with three pieces of trying, there were 2 patients 4 eyes(1.7%)after many times of trying was satisfied with twice, but there were 24 eyes(10.0%)were dissatisfied after a lot of attempts, and there were 2 patients 4 eyes(1.7%)gave up the attempt after repeated failure.

CONCLUSION: According to corneal curvature and the degree of myopia to select the first glasses, choose the right of the patients and normative operation are the key points of success on regular try- in the RGP.

Abstract:AIM: To discover the status of cataract surgery in Xinjiang, and explore the existing problems and provide reasonable development ideas for the future.

METHODS: The data were collected by questionnaire survey from all ophthalmology institutions which were registered in Xinjiang region, then database was built up with Excel2003, and analyzed with SPSS 16.0.

RESULTS: There were 107 ophthalmology institutions in the Xinjiang region in 2010, and 43580 cases of eye surgeries, among them cataract surgery patients were 20230(46.59%), the average growth rate of Xinjiang cataract surgery rate was obviously higher than the national average.

CONCLUSION: Prevention of blindness in Xinjiang has achieved remarkable results, the number of cataract surgeries done per million population in 2010 reached 930.9, but with the "VISION 2020" action still lags far behind, especially cataract surgery rate is still low, the county-level medical institutions are not able to fully play a role; we should vigorously promote the economic practicality of cataract surgery to increase ophthalmic resources in primary health care sector.