Abstract:AIM: To analyze the outcomes in uveitic activity and intraocular pressure(IOP)control after trabeculectomy for uveitis with uncontrolled IOP.

METHODS: The medical records of consecutive uveitic glaucoma patients undergoing trabeculectomy between October 2006 to March 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Uveitic activity, frequency of recurrence, steroid dependence, and intraocular pressure control were compared with paired t-test before and after trabeculectomy.

RESULTS: In 29 eyes from 29 patients, 90% of eyes were on topical steroids at the time of trabeculectomy. The mean age was 58.3±14.0 years old with a pre-operative IOP of 35.7±8.9mmHg. The mean follow up time was 35.2±18.7mo. There was a reduction of anterior chamber activity grading of 0.4±0.6(P<0.01)at 3mo post-operatively. The uveitis recurrence rate was significantly reduced by 2.3±2.1 episodes/year(P<0.01)during the follow-up period. The mean 1y post-trabeculectomy IOP was 13.1±4.5mmHg with 44.8% of eyes with IOP≤21mmHg without medication.

CONCLUSION: Uveitic activity and IOP control improved after trabeculectomy with a lower success rate to primary glaucomas. Trabeculectomy may be considered as a possible early intervention of active uveitis with high IOP for pressure and uveitic activity control.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the association between the polymorphism rs2511989 in the classical pathway geneSERPING1(C1 inhibitor)and age-related macular degeneration(AMD).

METHODS: A random-effect Meta-analysis was performed. An electronic search was done in CNKI, PubMed, the Cochrane Collaboration's Database, Embase, and the ISI Web of Knowledge. Odds ratios(OR)and their 95% confidence interval(CI)were calculated to assess the strength of association between SERPING1 rs2511989 polymorphism and AMD susceptibility. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also tested.

RESULTS: A total of 15 case-control studies with 8657 cases and 5393 controls were finally included in this Meta-analysis. There was no significant association between SERPING1 and AMD in all genetic models.(Dominant model: OR=0.960, 95%CI: 0.918-1.003, P=0.009; recessive model: OR=0.898, 95%CI: 0.791-1.019, P=0.035; homozygote model: OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.770-1.008, P=0.003; heterozygote model: OR=0.962, 95%CI: 0.917-1.010, P=0.050). However, the associations between SERPING1 and neovascular AMD were significant in three models(dominant model: OR=0.691, 95%CI: 0.547-0.872; homozygote model: OR=0.661, 95%CI: 0.450-0.971; heterozygote model: OR=0.754, 95%CI: 0.589-0.964). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity and country did not find significant association between rs2511989 polymorphism and AMD susceptibility.

CONCLUSION: SERPING1 rs2511989 does not associates with AMD generally but may associate with neovascular AMD. More studies are required to verify the hypothesis.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the correlation between eye cyclotorsion degrees and patient's age, gender, diopter and other factors in corneal refractive surgery.

METHODS: A total of 762 wavefront-guided LASIK patients with 1524 eyes were retrospectively analyzed from January 2010 to December 2013 in our hospital. Iris recognition was accomplished successfully and eye cyclotorsion degrees were recorded intraoperatively for all the patients. The correlations between eye cyclotorsion degrees and patient's age, gender, different eye, diopter and the dominant eye or not were statistically analyzed. In which correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between eye cyclotorsion degrees and age and diopter, while the correlations with gender, different eye and the dominant eye or not were analyzed using t-test.

RESULTS: The eye cyclotorsion degrees of patients were 0 to 9.7 degrees with an average of 3.08±2.22 degrees. Amongst the average cyclotorsion of 444 men with 888 eyes were 3.05±2.26 degrees, 318 women with 636 eyes were 3.12±2.15 degrees and there were no significant differences(t=1.905, P=0.168). The average age of all the patients was 22.6±5.4y. No significant correlation was found between cyclotorsion degrees and age(r=-0.012, P=0.748). The mean spherical equivalent was -4.76±1.77 degrees, and there was no significant correlation between the eye cyclotorsion degrees and spherical equivalent(r=0.017, P=0.633). The mean cylinder was -0.60±0.64 degrees of no significant correlation with eye cyclotorsion degrees(r=-0.004, P=0.910). The cyclotorsion of dominant eyes of all the patients was 3.0±2.17 degrees, and the non-dominant eyes were 3.11±2.12 degrees. No significant differences were found(t=-0.521,P=0.603).

CONCLUSION: The eye cyclotorsion degrees occurred in LASIK surgery had no correlation with age, gender, different eye, diopter and the dominant eye or not.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the influence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome(PEX)on conjunctival cells and tear functions.

METHODS: This study included 86 eyes of 60 patients with PEX and 89 eyes from 55 normal age-matched individuals. Tear film break-up time(TBUT), Schirmer's tests were performed and impression cytology(IC)specimens were obtained from upper and interpalpebral inferonasal bulbar conjunctiva for all 175 eyes of 115 cases. IC specimens were graded according to Nelson's method. The correlations between results of TBUT, Schirmer's test and the findings of impression cytology specimens were evaluated.

RESULTS: Patients with PEX had lower Schirmer's tests and TBUT and also revealed significant conjunctival cell alterations when compared with normal subjects. The median cytology scores were Grade 3 and Grade 0 in PEX patients and normal subject, respectively. Mixed involvement with more than one grade type change was observed in 45 specimens in cases with PEX and only in 3 specimens in the control cases. Besides, epithelial and goblet cell discordance was found in 45 specimens in the group with PEX which was not observed in the control group.

CONCLUSION: Destruction of conjunctival cytology combined with decreasing in tear tests demonstrates the presence of ocular surface disease in PEX.

Abstract:AIM: To study protective effects of α-Mangostin in human retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells induced by hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂).

METHODS:ARPE-19 cells were treated with different concentrations of α-Mangostin and H₂O₂.The effect of α-Mangostin and H₂O₂ respectively on cell activity was detected by CCK8. ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of α-Mangostin for 24h before they were administrated with 200μmol/L H₂O₂for another 24h.Then the changes of cell activity were observed. The expression of reactive oxygen species(ROS)level was detected by flow cytometry(FCM)and the expression of NF-κB protein was measured by Western blot analysis.

RESULTS:CCK8 examination results showed that: within 0～12μmol/L, α-Mangostin had no damage effects on cell activity. When the concentration of 16μmol/L, cell viability began to decrease(P<0.05).And α-Mangostin pretreatment gradually increased cell viability of ARPE-19 induced by H₂O₂ when the concentrations of α-Mangostin were within 0～16μmol/L. ROS results showed: the expression of ROS level significantly increased after H₂O₂ induced(P<0.05); 8 and 12μmol/L α-Mangostin pretreatment down-regulated ROS expression of ARPE-19 induced by H₂O₂(P<0.05). Western blot results showed that the expression of NF-κB protein after H₂O₂ induced increased(P<0.05); 12μmol/L α-Mangostin pretreatment up-regulated NF-κB of ARPE-19 induced by H₂O₂(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: H₂O₂ induced oxidative damage in RPE cells by decreasing cell viability and increasing the expression of ROS level. α-Mangostin can protect RPE cells from the injury of H₂O₂, the mechanism may be related to the clear of ROS and the activation of NF-κB.

Abstract:AIM: To study the influence of Lipoglycans from Mycobacterium Chelonae(Che)on the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in human corneal epithelia cells and its possible signal transduction pathway.

METHODS: Lipoglycans was extracted by the Triton X-114 phase partitioning. Lipoglycans from Che were purified, by successive detergent and phenol extractions. Lipoglycans were separated by gel filtration on a Sephacryl 200 column and Sephacryl 100 column in series, followed by extensive dialisis. Purified Lipoglycans(50μg/mL)were added into culture medium to stimulate primary human corneal epithelial(HCE)cells. Cells and supernatant were collected at 0, 6, 12, 24h after the stimulation. The IL-6 and IL-8 expression at mRNA level was assayed by using real time RT-PCR and the secreted IL-6 and IL-8 in the supernatants was measured by ELISA. Immunochemistry was used to detect the expression and location of NF-κB in HCE cells.

RESULTS: After the treatment of Lipoglycans, the expression of IL-8 and IL-6 at mRNA level obviouly increased within 12h, and reached peak level at 6h(IL-8 was 36.8 times that of the blank control, and IL-6 was 32.7 times). Compared with the blank control group, the expression of IL-8 at protein level in the supernatant increased 2.8 folds at 6h(P>0.05), 13.4 folds at 12h(P<0.05), and 200.7 folds at 24h(P<0.05), and the expression of IL-6 also incresed 3.6 folds at 6h(P<0.05), 6.1 folds at 12h(P<0.05), and 7.0 folds at 24h(P<0.05), which was similar to changes in the positive control group(situmulated by LPS). In the blank control group, NF-κB was localized in the cytoplasm, while in lipoglycans treated group, NF-κB was activated and translocalized to the nucleus in HCE.

CONCLUSION: Lipoglycans from Che can induce HCE cells to produce inflammatory factors(IL-6 and IL-8), and its signal transduction pathway probably is mediated by NF-κB.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the expression of Sirtuin type l(SIRT1)gene in lens epithelial cells(LECs)of diabetic cataract.

METHODS:Twenty diabetic cataract patients, 20 age-related cataract patients and 20 traumatic cataract patients diagnosed from January 2012 to October 2014 in our hospital were selected. RT-PCR method was used to detect the content of SIRT1 gene in LECs of each group patients. Western blot method was used for the detection of SIRT1 protein content in lens epithelial cells, apoptosis rate of LECs was detected by TUNEL.

RESULTS: RT-PCR reaults showed that the relative content of SIRT1 mRNA in patients of traumatic cataract group was highest for 1.000±0.078, followed by the age related cataract group was 0.427±0.067, then diabetic cataract group was 0.389±0.112, those two groups compared with the traumatic cataract group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); Western blot showed that SIRT1 protein expression in LECs of traumatic cataract patients was the highest, followed by the age related cataract group, diabetic cataract group the expression of SIRT1 protein was the minimum. The results of TUNEL showed that apoptosis rate of traumatic cataract group and age group LECs rates were(4.5±2.3)% and(8.7±4.1)%, respectively, the difference was not statistically significant; while the diabetic cataract group of LEC apoptosis rate was(24.3±6.1)%, by comparing traumatic cataract group and age related cataract group, the difference was statistical significance(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Expression of SIRT1 gene and protein decreased in LECs of diabetic cataract patients, suggesting that this gene was involved in diabetic cataract, this provides reliable theoretical basis for our further research in the future. Regulation of SIRT1 gene expression in LECs will explore the effective ways and provide a new idea for the diabetic cataract intervention treatment.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the protective effect of E-64d on calcium-induced cataract and its possible mechanism.

METHODS: Sixteen paired rabbit lens were randomly divide into two groups, the lens of any pair of one was as experimental group, the other for the control group. Experimental group contained concentration of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40mmol/L CaCl₂ 1 640 culture medium, the control group contained 1 640 culture medium, the situation was observed by turbidity after 36h. Twenty-four paired rabbits lens were randomly divided into two groups, the lens of any pair of one was as experimental group, the other for the control group. Experimental group contained CaCl₂(5～30mmol/L)+ E-64d of 1 640 culture medium and control group containd CaCl₂(5～30mmol/L)of 1 640 culture medium. Lens transparency and relative gray values were detected, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to detect lens calcium(Ca^{2 +})content. The data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistical software. Measurement data were expressed (-overx)±s and the differences of two groups were compared by pared- samples t test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Transparent lens opacity occurred in medium containing CaCl₂, and with the Ca²⁺ concentration increased, degree of lens opacity was also improved. When Ca²⁺ concentration >30mmol/L, black cross line below the lens was hardly seen through in culture medium, and lens cortex was almost completely cloudy. Lens opacity incubated with 1 640 mediun containing E-64d was declined compared with controls. There were significant difference of relative gray scale between experimental group and control group(t=3.820, P=0.001<0.01). However, experimental group and control group had no significant effect on Ca²⁺ uptake by lens(t=2.144, P=0.055>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The high levels of extralenticular calcium can induced cataract. E-64d, an inhibitor of calpain, can inhibit calcium-induced lens opacity, However, E-64d has no significant effect on Ca²⁺ uptake by lens. Its inhibitory effect on lens opacification may be due to a direct action on the activity of calpain. Moreover, maybe it can inhibit degeneration of crystallin or apoptosis and necrosis of epithelial cell by other approaches to delay the occurrence of cataract.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of glucocorticoid in the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cell(RGC).

METHODS: RGC were cultured in 4 groups for 3d: control group, glucocorticoid group(with 0.1μmol/L cortisone), glucocorticoid-siNgR group \〖with 0.1μmol/L cortisone+Nogo receptor(NgR)antisense nucleotide\〗, glucocorticoid-scRNA group(with 0.1μmol/L cortisone + scrambled nucleotide). The cell viability was detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide(MTT), the morphological features were observed with inverted microscope, apoptosis of RGC was measured with Hoechst 33342 staining, and expression of NgR was revealed by Western blot.

RESULTS: Cell viability in control, glucocorticoid, glucocorticoid-scRNA and glucocorticoid-siNgR groups were(100.0±0.0)%,(76.3±6.8)%,(79.4±9.0)% and(96.7±9.8)% respectively. Decreased cell viability, reduced cell number, and increased expression of NgR were atrophic cell body detected in glucocorticoid and glucocorticoid-scRNA groups(P<0.01), not in glucocorticoid-siNgR group(P>0.05), compared with control group. RGC was showed light blue by Hoechst 33 342 staining in control and glucocorticoid-siNgR groups, and exhibiting bright blued apoptotic RGC in glucocorticoid and glucocorticoid-scRNA groups.

CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of NgR contributes to glucocorticoids-induced apoptosis of RGC.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the visual function after micro-incision ultrasonic emulsification combine with aspheric intraocular lens implantation for cataract patient.

METHODS: A total of 50 cases(63 eyes)with age-related cataract were randomly divided into the experimental group(25 cases, 33 eyes)and a control group(25 cases, 30 eyes). Two groups of patients with operation method were same, the experimental group implantation of aspheric intraocular lens, control group with spherical intraocular lens implantation. Uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity were compared, and two groups contrast sensitivity and wavefront aberration were checked.

RESULTS:After 1wk, 1 and 3mo, two groups of patients with uncorrected visual acuity was no significant difference(P>0.05). Three months after surgery, there were no significant differences in best corrected visual acuity compared the two groups(P>0.05). In the non-glare and glare condition, the patients in the two groups at 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, 18.0cd frequency contrast sensitivity difference was no significant(P>0.05); In the 1.5cd band, the experimental group contrast sensitivity was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). Three months after the operation, the experimental group spherical aberration, coma were significantly lower than those in the control group, there were significant differences between these two groups(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Aspheric intraocular lens in the low frequency contrast sensitivity is significantly better than the spherical intraocular lens, and can reduce the total aberration in cataract patients, so as to improve the postoperative visual function in cataract patients.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the efficacy of phacoemulsification and phacoemulsification combined with improved goniosynechialysis for angle-closure glaucoma with cataract.

METHODS: Eighty-four patients of angle-closure glaucoma with cataract were randomly divided into two groups, one was given cataract phacoemulsification treatment, the other was given cataract phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis. Intraocular pressure(IOP), best corrected visual acuity, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle width and pupil size were measured before or after the operation.

RESULTS: All cases' IOP was reduced obviously after the operation, and there was a significant difference between the preoperation and postoperation(P<0.05). Eighty-three eyes were improved in visual acuity, 1 eye was not improved. Anterior chamber depth and anterior chamber angle width after the operation were increased compared with those before operation. Compared with the control group, visual acuity and central anterior chamber depth was no significant difference in the observation group. IOP was controlled more effectively in the observation group, and anterior chamber angle width was increased obviously.

CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with improved goniosynechialysis is an effective therapy for angle-closure glaucoma with cataract. it can effectively reduce IOP and increase anterior chamber angle width.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effects of intravitreous injection on vascular endothelial growth inhibitor(VEGI)and its relative cytokines in vitreous and to investigate its role in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).

METHODS: Fifty patients with 68 eyes were randomly divided into 2 groups according its treatment situation. Thirty-four patients with 41 eyes were chosen as group one, who were treated with bevacizumab 1.25mg(0.05mL)per eye, and group 2 composed of 16 patients(27 eyes), who were accepted intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide 4mg(0.1mL). Twenty patients(20 eyes), who were diagnosed as macula hole, were chosen for control group. Certain patients were collected as target population according to the inclusion criteria. VEGI, IL-1β and VEGF in vitreous were determined by ELISA, in which the samples of 0.3mL vitreous were collected before intravitreal injection or at 1, 3, 6mo post-injection in the two groups. And the data obtained between groups were compared by SPSS 19.0 statistical software.

RESULTS: Significant difference was found between control group and experimental groups in which VEGI decreased while IL-1β and VEGF increased before injection(P<0.05). However, VEGI increased but IL-1β and VEGF decreased compared with control group after intravitreal injection(P<0.05). The clinical observation showed that the macula edema reduced in experimental groups post-injection, and experimental group 2 was better than experimental group 1 in the long-term results(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: VEGI is found accompanied with VEGF and IL-1β in the vitreous, and they may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PDR.

Abstract:Corneal transplantation is an ophthalmology treatment technique for corneal disease to help restore vision or control the development of corneal diseases by removing a scarred or damaged host cornea and replacing it with a clear and healthy donor cornea. Traditional corneal transplantation includes penetrating keratoplasty and lamellar keratoplasty. In recent ten years, deep lamellar keratoplasty and endothelial keratoplasty have gradually developed. At present, the development of keratoprosthesis provides a new choice for the patients no suitable for traditional. The review describes current surgical techniques in the field of corneal transplantation about indications, postoperative complications, and so on.

Abstract:Currently,correction of astigmatism has become an important aspect of refractive cataract surgery,cataract surgery while correcting astigmatism methods include: the use of corneal incision, loosen corneal incision,intraocular lens implantation astigmatism and femtosecond laser cataract surgery. Astigmatism correction effect is affected by many factors. All of choices have their operational indications, inherent advantages and disadvantages. Postoperative residual astigmatism will continue to decrease. Perfect refractive state will become a reality after cataract surgery. This paper reviews the recent progress in treating astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery based on the above points.

Abstract:Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a chronic progressive macular disease that occurs mostly in people over the age of 50, which is the main eye disease that causes loss of vision in the elderly in developed countries. Along with coming of aging population in our country, the incidence of AMD is increasing, but its pathogenesis is still unclear, the latest research shows that eye tissues are with independent synthetic renin-angiotensin system(RAS)capabilities, besides numbers of studies have shown that the RAS in early and late AMD were directly involved in the disease development and played an important role in the pathogenesis, this paper gives a brief review of research progress on mechanism of RAS in AMD.

Abstract:Increasing incidence of diabetes, diet restructuring with excessive intake of high-calorie foods closely related with this. Currently diabetes prevalence rate increased from 7% in 2003 to 14% in 2010. Diabetes can cause a variety of eye diseases, such as corneal ulcers, glaucoma, vitreous hemorrhage and so on. Diabetic retinopathy and cataract are the most common and greater impact on patients. At present, study for diabetic retinopathy(DR)is wider than diabetes optic neuropathy(DON). Clinical manifestations of DON are not specific, but DON occurred extensively, also contributed to an important cause of blindness.In this paper, we collected a variety of inspection and early diagnosis methods, try to achieve early detection, interventional therapy and good treatment for this disease. Here to make a presentation on the various types of inspection methods.

Abstract:The pathogenesis of Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy is not fully clear. Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy is lack of sustained and effective drug treatment at present. As target cells and effect cells, orbital fibroblasts are involved in the pathological processes of remodeling, inflammation and immune response in orbit tissue. The present review focuses on the study of orbital fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of thyroid related ophthalmopathy, discusses the future orientation in this field of treatment.

Abstract:Video display terminal(VDT)has indispensable in our lives, while it not only brings about a series harm to our tissues and organs such as tear-film, meibomian gland and so on, but also causes eye symptoms including dryness, asthenopia and soreness. This essay mainly generalizes the mechanism of damage to ocular surface by VDT and the remedies to it.

Abstract:The refractive treatment methods of aphakia include corrective glasses, contact lens correction and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation. It magnifies images highly and limits vision field with corrective glasses. For infant aphakia corrective glasses are more likely to be chosen because their eyes are still unable to tolerate IOL implantation in the developmental stage. With low magnification of images, contact lens includes soft contact lens and rigid contact lens. The former is rarely used because it is prone to ocular lesions due to its poor oxygen permeability. The latter is widely used due to its good oxygen permeability especially suitable for the eyes of irregular astigmatism or iris missing due to trauma. At present, the most commonly used in clinical work is IOL implantation. The eye of IOL may avoid anisometropia, aberrations and so on because of more physiological anatomy. According to the IOL implantation site, it is divided into the anterior chamber IOL implantation and the posterior chamber IOL implantation. The anterior chamber IOL implantation is divided into angle fixed IOL implantation and iris fixed IOL implantation. The posterior chamber IOL implantation is divided into secondary in-the-bag IOL implantation, the ciliary sulcus IOL implantation and transscleral suture fixed IOL implantation.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the incision influence of small incision cataract surgery on corneal topography of patients, so as to provide a reference for the optimization of operation method.

METHODS: Seventy-one patients(94 eyes)were divided into two groups, which were given straight(group A)and eyebrow arched incision(group B). Patients in both groups A and B were divided into three subgroups respectively, which were given incision with different length from corneal limbus(1.5mm, 2.0mm and 2.5mm). The visual acuity level and corneal topography indexes(ACP, CYL, SAI and SRI)were compared before and after treatment.

RESULTS: There was influence on visual acuity level and corneal topography of incision morphology and length from corneal limbus(P<0.05), and there was difference in acuity level and corneal topography at different test time(P<0.05), and the influence had no interaction with test time(P>0.05). One week after surgery, the visual acuity level of all patients was higher than that before surgery, and 3mo after surgery, it was higher than that of 1wk after surgery too(P<0.05). One week after surgery, ACP, CYL, SAI, SRI level of all patients was higher than that before surgery(P<0.05), and 3mo after surgery, which decreased and had no statistical difference with preoperative levels(P>0.05). Before surgery, there was no significant difference in visual acuity level and corneal topography between groups(P>0.05). One week after surgery, the visual acuity level of subgroup 2.0mm and 2.5mm in group B was higher than the others(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between(P>0.05). the ACP, CYL, SAI, SRI level of subgroups 2.0mm and 2.5mm in group B were lower than the others, and those of subgroup 2.5mm in group B were higher than those of subgroup 2.0mm of group B(P<0.05). Three months after surgery, there was no significant difference in visual acuity, SAI and SRI levels between groups(P>0.05), but the ACP and CYL level of subgroup 2.0mm and 2.5mm of group B were higher than those of the others(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Using eyebrow arched incision and appropriate distance to corneal limbus in the small incision cataract surgery can reduce the impact on corneal topography and benefit for control of postoperative astigmatism.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the changes in anterior segment parameters by Sirius anterior system after orthokeratology and the possible mechanisms.

METHODS: Twenty-eight patients(56 eyes)with myopia in our hospital from August 2014 to October 2014 were included. Spherical equivalent were -3.83±1.19D. Data of central corneal thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACD), anterior corneal curvature(a-K)and posterior corneal curvature(p-K)were collected and analyzed at before, 1d, 1wk and 3mo after orthokeratology.

RESULTS: After orthokeratology, spherical equivalent of all eyes decreased to predicted level. There were no significant differences in CCT and p-K between different times(P>0.05). There were significant differences in a-K between different times except between 1wk and 3mo after orthokeratology(P<0.05). There were significant differences in ACD between before and 1wk after, between 1d and 3mo after, between 1wk and 3mo after orthokeratology(P<0.05). There were correlations between CCT before orthokeratology(CCTpre)and the change at 3mo after orthokeratology(CCTc-3mo), between ACD before orthokeratology(ACDpre)and the change at 1d after orthokeratology(ACDc-1d), between a-K before orthokeratology(a-Kpre)and the changes at 1d(a-Kc-1d), 1wk(a-Kc-1wk)and 3mo(a-Kc-3mo)after, respectively(all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression suggested that a-Kc-1d(P=0.016), a-Kc-1wk(P=0.047)were correlated with a-Kpre and axial, respectively. And there were correlations between a-Kpre and a-Kc-3mo(P=0.024), between ACDpre and ACDc-1d(P=0.036), between CCTpre and CCTc-3mo(P=0.012), respectively.

CONCLUSION: CCT, ACD and p-K has no significant changes after orthokeratology, while there is significant difference in a-K, which is considered one of the most key factor in orthokeratology. Sirius anterior system for examination before orthokeratology and postoperative assessment, non-invasive, reliable and has a good clinical value.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the relationship between anterior chamber depth(ACD)and age, crystalline lens power, corneal refractive power, and axial length(AL).

METHODS: Totally 44 children(88 eyes)with refractive error who underwent retinoscopy with cycloplegia, to be measured spherical equivalent refractive error. AL, corneal K and ACD were measured by a noncontact optical biometry(ZEISS IOL-Master). The crystalline lens power was calculated by using the SRK formula. Linear Correlation and Regression were used to evaluate the correlation between the ACD and the other optical parameters.

RESULTS:Totally 44 subjects, 88 eyes, average 9.04±2.39 years, spherical equivalent(SE)-3.50～+8.75D. No significant differences were found among the 3 groups about ACD. Neither between male and female. There was a negative correlation between ACD and age(r=-0.323), ACD/AL and age(r=-0.516), ACD and lens power(r=-0.392), corneal K and age(r=-0.461). While a positive correlation between lens power and age(r=0.414). A week positive correlation was found between ACD and corneal K(r=0.295).

CONCLUSION: When aging, the subjects' anterior chamber becomes more and more shallow. The ratio of ACD and AL decreases. The power of the combination lens, which is formed by cornea, crystalline lens, aqueous humor and anterior chamber, decreases. The length of vitreous chamber increases. All the above meet the requirements of emmetropization for children.

Abstract:AIM: To observe intraocular pressure(IOP)and anterior chamber of healthy subjects by use of miotic in darkroom provocative test.

METHODS: Series of cases were prospectively analyzed. Thirty healthy cases(60 eyes)aged 25～35 years-old were the objects of study. All tests were performed from 10:00 a.m.～12:00 a.m. All subjects were sitted 1h in the chairs opposite to let head bend down at the back of chair for 1h in the first test. IOP and anterior segment paramater were measured by Pentacam before and after darkroom provocative test. The second test was repeated by use of pilocarpine as the above, and the data was compared with that of the previous test.

RESULTS:IOP was increased significantly than before(P=0.000), pupil size(P=0.000), anterior chamber volume reduced(P=0.008)and anterior chamber angle was widened(P=0.017)which were significant difference in the first test. But central anterior chamber depth was not siginificant(P=0.261). IOP, anterior segment volume, anterior chamber angle and central anterior chamber depth were significant difference(P=0.000)in the second test. But there was no siginificant dfifference for pupil size(P=0.193). By use of pilocarpine anterior chamber volume(P=0.002), anterior chamber angle, central anterior chamber depth and pupil size were significant difference(P=0.000). IOP was not siginificant(P=0.21).

CONCLUSION:Reduced anterior chamber volume and narrowed anterior chamber angle are the basis of positive darkroom provocative test. Pilocarpine can make anterior chamber angle widened and make it possible to decrease IOP. Physician should take pupil size into account when measure anterior segment paramater by Pentacam.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the impact of uveitis macular edema on vision and vision field impairment.

METHODS: This study was a single center, retrospective controlled study of clinical characteristic found in the middle, rear or panuveitis treatment. Totally 132 patients(248 eyes)with uveitis macular edema were selected and accepted the vision, the frequency-domain optical coherence tomography, micro-perimetry examination.

RESULTS: Uveitis macular edema had significant correlation with visual acuity and visual field damage(P<0.05). Different types of macular edema corresponded to different visual impairment: not associated with foveal thickness increased cavity type could produce moderate visual impairment, with an average 10 letters; not associated with cysts and only foveal thickness increases type could produce a greater degree of visual impairment, with an average 19 letters; and accompanied by cysts, foveal thickness increased cystoid macular edema type could produce the greatest degree of visual impairment, with an average 26 letters. All selected macular edema had varying degrees of vision impairment: closely related to the thickness of the fovea, that the greater the thickness, the wider the range of vision impairment, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), regardless of whether cysts had little relationship.

CONCLUSION: The damage of macular edema corresponding visual function prompts us later in the course of uveitis treatment, the treatment of macular edema should also serve as an important aspect to focus on. Assessment of macular edema, uveitis visual impairment should be to focus on the vision and the vision of both micro and so on.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the relevance of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), cytokines and retinal blood flow index to patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR).

METHODS: In this study,174 cases of patients with diabetic were divided into three groups according to the retinal lesions, no DR group(NDR, 41 cases), background DR(NPDR, 68 cases)and proliferative DR group(PDR, 65 cases), and 30 healthy volunteers were included as control group. The serum levels of VEGF, TNF-α, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, bFGF of all the subjects were detected and compared, and the hemodynamic parameters of the central retinal artery were measured by doppler ultrasonography.

RESULTS:The serum levels of VEGF, TNF-α, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, bFGF of patients with diabetic were all higher than control group, and these index of PDR were higher than NDR and NPDR, while these index of NPDR were higher than NDR(P<0.05). The Vmax, Vmin, Vmean and PI of patients with diabetic were all lower than control group, RI was higher than control group; and the Vmax, Vmin, Vmean and PI of PDR were lower than NDR and NPDR, RI was higher than NDR and NPDR; while the Vmax, Vmin, Vmean and PI of NPDR were lower than NDR, RI was higher than NDR(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:The changes of serum levels of VEGF, TNF-α, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, bFGF and hemodynamics of CRA are closely related to the occurrence and development of DR, and these indexes have a good reference significance in the diagnosis and treatment of DR.

Abstract:AIM: To research the clinical curative effect of Xueshuantong combined with calcium dobesilate on visual field defect caused by diabetic retinopathy.

METHODS: Sixty-four cases with diabetic retinopathy treated in our hospital patients were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The control group was treated with Xueshuantong, and the observation group was treated with combined treatment of calcium dobesilate. After 5mo, the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups of diabetic retinopathy, and before and after treatment fundus photography, fluorescein angiography and visual field changes, observation of patients with adverse reactions and recurrence were performed.

RESULTS: The condition of patients was improved, and the effective rate of treatment group was 97%, and higher than that of the control group 78%, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05); the patients in the observation group were significantly reduced bleeding spot, before and after treatment were significant difference, with statistical significance(P<0.05), field of vision gray, hemorrhage spots, and hemangioma changes in obsenartion group were significantly better than that of the control group, with statistical significance(P<0.05). In observation group, patients had no adverse reaction, and the recurrence rate was significantly less than the control group, and the recurrence rate were significant difference(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The patients with diabetic retinopathy treated with Xueshuantong combined with calcium dobesilate achieve satisfactory effect, and it can effectively reduce the recurrence rate and the adverse reactions, and improve the clinical symptoms. It would be widely applied in clinical practice.

Abstract:AIM: To analyse the variation of horizontal deviation in the primary position after the inferior oblique muscle weakening, and to explore the effect of the inferior oblique muscle recession on horizontal deviations in primary position.

METHODS:, In the study, 30 cases in the Department of ophthalmology of our hospital from January 2014 to September 2014 underwent the inferior oblique muscle recession as the sole without horizontal muscles surgery, who were superior obliquer paralysis and V pattern strabismus with small angle of horizontal strabismus, were analyzed. Of the 30 patients, 25 had unilateral inferior oblique muscle surgery, and then 5 had bilateral surgeries.Followed up for three to six mo, all patients were received full ophthalmologic and orthoptic examinations, including measurement of the deviation in the diagnostic positions of gaze at near 33cm and at distance 6m by prism and alternate cover test, synoptophore, Titmus stereo graph examination, Worth four lighting inspection, eye movement examination, and fundus photography preoperatively and postoperatively. The changes of horizontal deviations in the primary position after procedures were investigated.

RESULT:(1)The comparison of horizontal deviation showed significant difference pre- and post-operation in the exotropia group(P=0.00). It was postoperative respectively to reduce the original in external oblique average 3.35±2.87^△ and 4.37±2.65^△.(2)The comparison of horizontal deviation showed significant difference pre-and post-operation in the esotropia group(P=0.02), and it decreased postoperatively in average 2.43±1.99^△. There was no significant difference for horizontal deviation position between pre- and post-operation(P=0.089).

CONCLUSION:The horizontal deviation in primary position, either exotropia or esotropia, will decrease after the Inferior oblique muscle recession. This change can be compensated by the gradually improving and establishing the fusion function.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the outcome of treating post-traumatic endophthalmitis in children.

METHODS: Twenty-four 2～11 year-old children(24 eyes)with post-traumatic endophthalmitis that presented to our hospital from June 2006 to Feburary 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were performed intravitreal injection of vancomycin(1mg/0.1mL)and ceftazidime(2.25mg/0.1mL)and dexamethasone(0.4mg/0.1mL)immediately after being identified. The second day after injection, 23 eyes were received lensectomy and vitrectomy with silicone oil(n=10)or C₃F₈(n=3)or clean air(n=8)or irrigating solution(n=2)tamponade. Only one eye was reinjected at 72h after the first injection. The visual outcomes were evaluated.

RESULTS: After follow-up 6～78mo, the inflammation of all cases were controled, 4 cases of eyeball atrophy(3 cases of silicone oil eye). Other 7 silicone oil filled eyes were received silicone oic extraction and IOL implantation. Twelve eyes presented with visual acuity of lower than 0.02, 4 eyes achieved 0.02～0.1, 4 eyes were 0.15～0.3,only 4 eyes reached 0.5～1.0. The final visual acuity improved in 16 eyes(70%), remained unchanged in 4 eyes(17%)and decreased in 3 eyes(13%). One case did not fit.

CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis of endophthalmitis in open-globe injury, intravitreal injection of antibiotics and vitrectomy can salvage more than a half of injuried eyes in children.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate dry eye in patients after two different cataract surgery.

METHODS: Sixty-three case(63 eyes)with age-related cataract who received cataract surgery in our hospital from May to July 2014 were randomly divided into two groups: 31 cases(31 eyes)with small incision non-phacoemulsificatian cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens implantation in group A, 32 case(32 eyes)with phacoemulsificatian combined with intraocular lens implantation in group B. The subjective complains of dry eye, tear break-up time(BUT)and Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt)were measured preoperatively and 1 and 3mo postoperatively.

RESULTS: One month postoperative, dry eye symptoms increased significantly compared with the preoperative, BUT shortened, SⅠt reduced. There was significant difference between the two groups and compared with the preoperative(P<0.05). After 3mo, dry eye remains existed, but the extent of SⅠt and BUT recovered to preoperative levels. There was no significant difference between the two groups and compared with the preoperative(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The tear film stability of patients with two surgical procedures reduces in the short term. Compared with patients with phacoemulsificatian, the degree of dry eye of patients with small incision non-phacoemulsificatian is more severe, the tear function changes come to more light on the former. But this difference will reduce with the passage of time.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the methods, effect and security of the micro-invasive treatments for chronic dacryocystitis with the fifth generation lacrimal endoscope, and to evaluate its clinical application.

METHODS:In this case-control study, 120 patients(120 eyes)with chronic dacryocystitis were collected from April 2013 to July 2014 in our department. The patients were randomly divided into observation group(the fifth generation endoscopic lacrimal microdrill with full intubation group, 62 cases 62 eyes)and control group(external dacryocystorhinostomy group, 58 cases 58 eyes). The effective rate and complication were observed and compared between two groups after operation. Statistical package SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The effective rate of observation group was 91.9%, and control group was 96.6%, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). Hemorrhage occurred in observation group and control group was 35.5% and 79.3%, respectively, additionally palpebral oedema was 19.4% and 55.2%, respectively, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). There was no serious intraoperative and postoperative complications in two groups.

CONCLUSION: The fifth generation lacrimal endoscope is more flexible than traditional one-piece lacrimal endoscope during the operation, it can treat chronic dacryocystitis by directly observing nasolacrimal duct obstruction site and dredge the obstruction under microdrilling with full lacrimal intubation. It was not only good clinical curative effect, but also safer, more efficient than the external dacryocystorhinostomy, visualization and micro-invasive are its special advantage, and worthy for further clinical application.

Abstract:AIM:To research blood pressure and blood glucose variability during peroperative period for patients with secondary neovasular glaucoma(NVG)after silicone oil removed in proliferative diabetic retinaopathy(PDR).

METHODS: Totally, 271 patients(271 eyes)undergone surgery of vitrectomy and silicon-oil tamponade combined with cataract were respective analyzed. Fourteen patients(14 eyes)with secondary NVG after silicon oil removed and randomly controlled group of no NVG according with ages, operation method in the same time were studied. The blood pressure and blood glucose variability during peroperative period was analyzed, and did comparison after excluded contralateral eye. The complications of 271 patients were surveyed in following-up period 1～12mo. The incidence of NVG, the time, blood pressure, blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin(Hbc%)variability during peroperative period was statisticed and compared by software of SPSS 11.0.

RESULTS: Fourteen eyes(5.2%)of 271 cases was with secondary NVG(female: 4 eyes, 28.6%; male: 10 eyes, 71.4%), average ages was 57.07 years(49～68 years). NVG presented in the 107～ 135d after vitrectomy and 7～45d(average 31.78d)after silicon-oil removed. Diabetes mellitus was 10～15(average 13.2)a. In NVG group, the variability of blood glucose was 4.0～10.2mmol/L(mean 8.52±3.24mmol/L), variable coefficient was 0.48. In NNVG group, the variability of blood glucose was 5.0～8.2mmol/L(mean 7.22±0.24mmol/L), variable coefficient was 0.43. It was significantly difference in comparison in variable coefficient(P<0.05). Hbc% was 10.52%±0.27% in NVG group and 7.60%±1.34% in NNVG group, there was a statistical difference(P<0.05). The average systolic blood pressure(SBP)was 152.3±15.1mmHg(140～180mmHg)with variable coefficient was 0.099 in NVG group and 131.4±0.1mmHg(120～150mmHg)with variable coefficient 0.061 in NVG group. While the average diastolic blood pressure(DBP)was 92.3±11.1mmHg(50～110mmHg)with variable coefficient 0.11 in NVG group and 87.3±8.1mmHG(80～100mmHg)with variable coefficient 0.08 in NNVG group. Compared the two groups, there were differences in variable coefficient(P<0.05). Blood glucose variability of perioperative in NVG group was significantly greater than that in NNVG group. Compared between the two groups, variability of daytime SBP and night DBP in NVG group were more than those in NNVG group with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Perioperative blood glucose and blood pressure variability showed no statistical significance in 14 patients after taking oil surgery and vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade.

CONCLUSION: There are significant variability on fasting blood glucose, daytime SBP and night DBP during perioperative in PDR patients with secondary NVG. It might be occurred 1wk after silicone oil removal surgery.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate correlation between ocular Demodex infestation and serum immunoreactivity.

METHODS:Demodex counting of 68 inpatients was performed based on eight lashes sampling. Serum immunoreactivity to two 62-kDa and 83-kDa proteins derived from B oleronius was determined by Western blot analysis.

RESULTS: These 68 patients without facialrosacea or blepharitis were age matched(P=0.888)and gender matched(P=0.595)regarding serum immunoreactivity or ocular Demodex infestation. According to the eyelash, creep mite infection was divided into positive and negative groups, age-matched(P=0.590)and sex-matched(P=0.329). There was no significant correlation between serum immunoreactivity and Demodex infestation(P=0.925). There were 27 patients with positive serum immunoreactivity in 38 patients with Demodex infestation(71%), and there were 21 patients in 30 patients without Demodex infestation(70%). There was no significant correlation between serum immunoreactivity and Demodex counting(P=0.758).

CONCLUSION: It is unnecessary to perform serum analysis when Demodex can be found in asymptomatic individuals. But treatment of reducing lashes Demodex infestation is necessary when patient with blepharitis was detected Demodex in eye lashes and positive serum immunoreactivity.

Abstract:AIM: To compare biometry results of IOLMaster and contact ultrasound(US)anterior segment parameters, and to evaluate the calculation accuracy and repeatability of intraocular lens power in both.

METHODS: Preoperative measurement of anterior segment parameters were prospectively obtained in 137 eyes of 121 subjects with the IOLMaster compared with the US. Postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and the actual diopter were measured.

RESULTS: There was an excellent correlation between IOLMaster and US measurements for the ACD(r=0.823, P<0.01)and AL(r=0.996, P<0.01). The mean values of the parameters measured by IOLMaster and US were, respectively, as follows: ACD, 2.94±0.49mm, 2.69±0.51mm; AL, 24.17±1.64mm, 23.81±1.83mm. The mean differences of ACD and AL values between IOLMaster and US measurements were 0.25±0.22mm, 0.36±0.24mm respectively, proved to be statistically significant(P<0.01). With the 95% limits of agreement(LoA)from -0.08～+0.48mm for ACD and from -0.09～+0.69mm for AL. For IOLMaster, the mean prediction error(MPFE)-0.15±0.38D, the mean absolute prediction error(MAFE)was 0.29±0.27D with 96% of the eyes within 1D from the predicted refraction. Applanation ultrasonography after optimisation yielded a greater absolute prediction error than the IOLMaster biometry, 0.41±0.38D with 88% of the eyes within 1D from the predicted refraction. For IOLMaster biometry, the intraobserver variability(SD)was ±25.6μm for AL, ±33.4μm for ACD and ±12.9μm for corneal radius. The coefficients of variation(COV)were 0.11%, 0.52%, and 0.17%, respectively. The interobserver variability(SD)was ±21.5μm for AL, ±29.8μm for ACD and ±15.9μm for corneal radius. The COV were 0.09%, 0.62%, and 0.21%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Partial coherence biometry using the IOLMaster provides the more accurate and reliable anterior segment parameters measurement values. A high degree of agreement between US and IOLMaster is noted. The IOLMaster not only has the advantage of performing noncontact examinations, but also produces various additional data simultaneously and may thus obviate the need for multiple examinations.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate application value of anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)in the treatment of the postcataract descemet membrane detachment(DMD).

METHODS: Twenty-seven cases(32 eyes)with postcataract corneal edema were examined by AS-OCT. Corresponding way was taken after indentifing the reason. One case with severe DMD were processed with operative reduction.

RESULTS: All the eyes with DMD were judged and treated in time. The cornea with severe DMD were lightened evidently after surgery and transparent completely.

CONCLUSION: It is an effective method for using AS-OCT to judge DMD.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the relationship between refraction and the ocular components of Uygur college students.

METHODS: In this article, 475 Uygur college students(950 eyes)with different refractive status were enrolled. Measurements of axial length, anterior chamber depth, the corneal curvature(all by IOLMaster)and refraction. Nine eyes were excluded duo to an impact on refractive state of eye disease. The correlation between refraction and ocular components(axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature)were analyzed by statistical methods.

RESULTS: Uygur students in 941 eyes with refractive change, from -13.5～+8.00D, the axial length of the eyes was got short from long one, anterior chamber depth was becomed shallow from deep one, and the average corneal curvature changes were becomed flat from convex one. According to the different refractive state, they were divided into 7 groups, and there was significant difference for comparisons of axial length in each group(P<0.05). Anterior chamber depth and the average corneal curvature had no statistical difference between the refractive state of the situation(P>0.05). The correlation coefficient of spherical equivalent and ocular axial length, anterior chamber depth and the average corneal curvature were -0.834, -0.547, -0.208(P<0.01). The multivariate linear regression formula was D=83.229-2.150AL+2.171ACD-0.939K.

CONCLUSION: Changes in refractive factors between Uygur students determine the refractive state of the eyes, and provide the basis for the occurrence and development of Uygur refractive status.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the prevalence rate of visual impairment caused by refractive error among residents aged 40 years and above, and the influence factors of vision correction.

METHODS: We conducted an epidemiological survey of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among residents aged 40 and above in Guangdong Province, Hengli Town, Dongguan City from 2011 to 2012. At the same time, according to World Health Organization(WHO), according to the daily life vision, 0.05≤visual ability <0.3, butabilitin the better eye, we screened a total of 707 cases of visual impairment. Analysis of the prevalence of visual impairment caused by refractive error, comparison of correction rate of visual impairment caused by refractive error, in different gender, age groups and different cultural level, analysis of the influence factors of vision correction were carried out.

RESULTS: The prevalence rate of visual impairment was 7.90%(707/8 952). The prevalence rate of visual impairment caused by refractive error was 5.57%(499/8 952), accounted for visual impairment of 70.58%(499/707). The prevalence rate of correction of refractive error among visual impairment was 5.36%(480/8 952), accounting for visual impairment of 67.89%(480/707). The prevalence rate of visual impairment uncorrected was 0.21%(19/8 952), accounting for visual impairment of 2.69%(19/707). By χ² test, with the increase of age, the rate of visual impairment caused by refractive error was significantly decreased(P<0.01). The visual impairment caused by refractive error were significant differences in the degree of culture(P<0.01), but no statistical significance in terms of gender(P>0.05). The rate of visual impairment can be corrected decreases with age, from 92.1% to 49.1%, there was a statistically significant difference(P<0.01). The rate of visual impairment can be corrected in more than primary school culture degree was higher than primary school and below education, there was a statistically significant difference(P<0.01). The rate of visual impairment can be corrected was no statistical difference in gender(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Through the development of refractive error correction of positive, can make the daily life of visual impairment in about 2/3 of patients improve eyesight and improve the quality of life of residents.

Abstract:AIM:To apply the PureVision Bandage contact lens in ophthalmology, observe the clinical effects and bandage lens used in persistent corneal epithelial defect, and assess the evaluation and significance of bandage lens in ocular surface disease therapeutic.

METHODS: Thirty patients(38 eyes)with persistent corneal epithelial defects wearing a bandage lens from 3d to 3mo were non-randomly selected. The results of corneal irritation symptoms, visual acuity, corneal epithelial healing and adverse circumstances during each period of before and after wearing bandage lens were observed.

RESULTS:For all 30 cases(38 eyes), complete remission(23 eyes, 61%), partial remission(11 eyes, 29%), effective rate 89%. Promote healing of corneal epithelium: healed completely(11 eyes, 29%), partially healed(21 eyes, 55%), effective rate 84.2%. The visual acuity was improved in 22 eyes, efficiency 58%.

CONCLUSION:Wearing bandage lens can effectively relieve the pain caused by corneal epithelial defect, protect corneal, maintain the local moisture, accelerate healing of persistent corneal epithelial lesions, and shorten the course of disease. It is a safe and effective method, and it can be widely used in clinical application and promoted in basic level hospital.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the application of cornea scleral limbus incision(SICS+IOL)in the transformation from the operation of small incision to the surgery of ultrasonic cataract phacoemulsification.

METHODS: Totally, 200 cases(200 eyes)suffered from cataract and accepted surgery in our hospital from February 2012 to February 2013 were selected and undergone the surgery of cornea scleral limbus incision phacoemulsification. As soon as there were anything dangerous occurred during the surgery, we would transform into the surgery of SICS+IOL. All the surgeries were successful.

RESULTS: The actually successful performance of ultrasonic cataract phacoemulsification was of 172 eyes(86%), and 28 eyes(14%)were transformed into the surgery of SICS+IOL. In 176 eyes(88%), the patients' postoperative visual acuity was ≥0.5, in 22 eyes(11%)were 0.1～0.4 and in 2 cases(1%)were <0.1. No serious postoperative complication was observed.

CONCLUSION: In the beginning period of the transformation from operation of small incision to the surgery of ultrasonic cataract phacoemulsification, to adopt the surgery of SICS+IOL can improve the practicability and safety of the surgery, and thus is the best choice for doctors in ophthalmic who are experienced in the cataract surgery of small incision.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the surgical choice of cararact combined angle-closure glaucoma between phacoemulsification and association.

METHODS:In this study, 90 cases(96 eyes)with cararact combined angle-closure glaucoma were selected. Those were nonrandomly assigned into three groups by goniosynechia degree and disease coursing, and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implant(Phaco+IOL), phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implant combined peripheral iridotomy(Phaco+IOL+PLI), and phacotrabeculectomy(Phacotrab+IOL)were non-randomly performed. Then preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), axial anterior chamber depth(AACD)and bleb were observed 1wk and 1mo.

RESULTS:In three surgical types of cararact combined angle-closure glaucoma,postoperative visions were evidently enhanced(P<0.05), while IOPs were evidently reduced(P<0.05). There was no significant difference among three groups-postoperative IOP respectively on 1wk and 1mo.

CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification and combined operations by minimal invasive cornea treating glaucomaare safe. We perform Phaco+IOL in case of goniosynechia degree less than 90°, Phaco+IOL+PLI in case of goniosynechia degree between 90°～180°, Phacotrab+IOL in case of goniosynechia degree more than 180°.

Abstract:AIM: To discuss the four-fixable intraocular lens(IOL)suspensory in the absence of capsular intraocular lens implantation, suspensory ligament rupture caused by congenital dislocation of the lens, traumatic cataract and posterior capsular rupture without capsular support, which need to line hanging IOL for intraoperative clinical observation.

METHODS: The 31 cases(32 eyes)who were accepted the four-fixable IOL suspensory from May 2012 to May 2014 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative visual acuity, corneal astigmatism, intraoperative and postoperative complications were comprehensively analyzed.

RESULTS: Patients were followed up 6mo～1a, corrected visual acuity >0.5(12 eyes, 38%), 0.1～0.5(18 eyes, 56%), and <0.1(2 eyes, 6%); corneal astigmatism averaged 0.97±0.35D; the chance of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding puncture ciliary body, IOL positional deviation, corneal edema, hanging slack line breaks were reduced.

CONCLUSION: It is designed to support non-capsular IOL implantation and design, and the concept of changing the past presence of suspended dislocated IOL implantation surgery, positional deviation and, sutures and other complications split the incidence is greatly reduced. It is consistent with the physiological characteristics of the human eye, and it is the IOL surgical sling best stability, intraoperative and postoperative complications, the best visual acuity and corneal astigmatism minimal surgical approachat least, and the four-point suspension suture fixation of IOL is designed to obtain a practical transformation of Chinese patent.

Abstract:AIM: To study the refractive status of age-related cataract patients with concurrent shallow anterior chamber after surgical treatment.

METHODS: Eighty cases(106 eyes)of patients with age-related cataract staying in our hospital for treatment were selected between January 2012 and December 2014. Patients who anterior chamber depth(ACD )was between 2.20 ～2.90mm were selected as control group, patients who ACD was <2.20mm were selected as shallow anterior chamber group. Preoperative eye, diopter counts error and postoperative ACD changes after surgery of two groups were compared.

RESULTS: The comparison difference of two-group patients' ocular axial length, corneal curvature had no statistical significance(P>0.05). The comparison difference of ACD, intraocular pressure, lens turbidity value had statistical significance(P<0.05). The comparison difference of two-group patients' postoperative diopter number error and ACD change had statistical significance(P<0.05). The comparison difference of two-group patients' diopter error comparing the number and ACD change after surgery for 1 and 3mo had no statistical significance(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Age-related cataract patients with complicated by shallow anterior chamber have higher intraocular pressure and diopter lens opacity value,bigger refractive error and change of ACD after operation.

Abstract:AIM: To elevate the stability of Bigbag intraocular lens(IOL)implanted for high myopia.

METHODS: In this prospective control trail, axial length ≥28mm of high myopia with or without cataract patients in our hospiotal from May 2012 to February 2014 were selected. They were divided into two groups and were implanted with Bigbag IOL or Sensar IOL after phacoemulsification surgery. After 6mo, complications and the status of IOL posterior capsule were observed, the differences of distance between posterior capsule and retina before and after operation(Δd)were compared.

RESULTS:Sixty-three eyes of 52 cases were included. There were 30 eyes of 24 cases(female: 19 eyes of 15 cases; male: 11 eyes of 9 cases)in the Bigbag group and 33 eyes of 28 cases(female: 19 eyes of 16 cases; male: 14 eyes of 12 cases)in the Sensar group. The Δd was 1.49±0.06mm in the Bigbag group and 1.67±0.09mm in the Sensar group, with statistically significant difference(P<0.01). At 6mo postoperatively, posterior capsule striae(PCS)were found in 2 eyes(6.7%)of Bigbag group and 9 eyes(27.3%)of Sensar group, with statistically significant difference(P=0.031).

CONCLUSION:The stability of Bigbag IOL is better than Sensar wiht low incidence of PCS. The Bigbag IOL is more suitable for high myopia.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze visual field progression of advanced stage glaucoma with stable intraocular pressure in different blood pressure in 1a.

METHODS: The diastolic blood pressure, intraocular pressure and visual field in 1a were recorded. The glaucoma progression was judged with AGIS.

RESULTS: After followed up for 1a, no intraocular pressure difference was found in each group. There was different in visual field progression. The lower blood pressure, the poorer visual field.

CONCLUSION:Low blood pressure is one of the risk factors of advanced glaucoma progression. Visual field gets worse with low diastolic blood pressure.

Abstract:AIM: To study visual electrophysiological examination of pattern visual evoked potentials(P-VEP), fundus photography, visual field and optical coherence tomography(OCT), and to predict the relative examinations of glaucoma patients.

METHODS: Visual elctrophysiological examination, fundus photography, visual field and OCT were used to evaluate the glaucoma patients in 83 cases(95 eyes). The results of the positive rate was analyzed the relationship according to P-VEP, fundus photography, visual field and OCT.

RESULTS: In 83 cases(95 eyes), visual field inspection successfully acquired positive cases images of 73 eyes(76.8%), unable to get image 22 eyes(23.2%); Fundus camera image captured positive cases 75 eyes(78.9%), unable to get images of 20 eyes(21.1%); Get valuable the P-VEP in 47 eyes(49.5%), the P-VEP saw no obvious abnormal in 26 eyes(27.3%), unable to get images of 22 eyes(23.2%); OCT image captured positive cases 81 eyes(85.3%), unable to get images of 14 eyes(14.7%).

CONCLUSION: Visual elctrophysiological detection, P-VEP, fundus photography, visual field and OCT can predict the visual acuity of glaucoma patients.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the changes in visual function of pattern visual evoked potentials, retina oscillatory potentials and optical nerve fibre layer thickness(RNFL)in diabetic retinopathy patients in preclinical stage.

METHODS: In this stuy, 89 diabetic retinopathy patients in preclinical stage and 80 normal subjects were collected. The latency and amplitude of the pattern visual evoked potentials(P-VEP)P100, the summed amplitudes of the oscillatory potentials(Ops), the amplitudes of the suboseillatory potentials, and RNFL thickness by RTVue OCT were observed, and the results were analyzed.

RESULTS: The latency of the pattern visual evoked potentials P100 in diabetic patients group was statistically delayed than that in normal group(t=-10.633,P=0.000). The amplitude of the P-VEP P100 in diabetic patients group was also significantly reduced than that in normal group(t=3.610, P=0.000). The summed amplitudes of the oscillatory potentials, the amplitudes of the suboseillatory potentials in diabetic patients group were significantly decreased by normal group(t=17.320, P=0.000; t=3.239, P=0.000; t=4.144, P=0.000; t=7.666, P=0.000; t=5.319, P=0.000). Compared with normal group, the average RNFL thickness, the nosal quadrant, the inferior quadrant and the temporal quadrant of RNFL thickness in diabetic patients group were no statistiacally different from normal group(t=1.730, P=0.085; t=0.664, P=0.547; t=1.923, P=0.063; t=1.814, P=0.072), while the superior quadrant of RNFL thickness was significant thinner than that of normal group(t=7.989, P=0.000).

CONCLUSION: The visual function in optical nerve and macula decreases among diabetic retinopathy patients in preclinical stage.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluation the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness in children from 4～10 years associated with myopia.

METHODS:Forty Chinese children between 4 and 10 years of age in our hospital from January 2012 to May 2014 were selected as test subjects. Patients whose manifest refraction measurement values ranged 0D≤diopter<-3.00D were classified as low myopia group(14 cases), those -3.00D≤diopter<-6.00D were classified as moderate myopia group(14 cases), and those ≥-6.00D were classified as high myopia group(12 cases). RNFL thickness was measured by time-domain optical coherence tomography(OCT: Stratus OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec)for every subject.

RESULTS:The average RNFL thicknesses were 102.36±10.33μm in high myopia group, 112.66±9.79μm in low myopia group and 106.52±9.46μm in moderate myopia group. A statistically significant difference was found between high myopia and low myopia groups(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference found neither between high myopia and mild myopia groups, nor between moderate myopia and low myopia groups(P>0.05). In addition, RNFL thickness was decrease especially in the inferior quadrant in children with high myopia and moderate myopia compared with low myopia groups(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:The average RNFL thickness is significantly thinner in high myopic children relative to low myopic children. And, the average RNFL thickness of inferior quadrant is significantly thinner in high myopic and moderate myopia children relative to low myopic children. Therefore, when interpreting OCT results of RNFL thickness in the clinic, more attention should be given to changes associated with myopia.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze retinal reattachment rate and the incidence of high intraocular pressure vitreous surgery combined with silicone oil or C₃F₈ tamponade for patients with macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD)in pathologic high myopic eyes. And to provide clinical reference of such surgery in the choice of filler.

METHODS:A retrospective case-controlled study was designed. Continuous observation of the patients with high myopia MHRD at different periods was carried out. These patients who underwent vitrectomy with silicone oil or C₃F₈ intraocular tamponade were retrospectively analyzed in 1wk and 1, 3, 6, 12mo after surgery. The rate of retinal reattachment and the incidence of high intraocular pressure were analyzed between two groups, in order to obtain the best way to fill.

RSULTS:There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of retinal reattachment between silicone oil group and C₃F₈ tamponade group after initial surgery although silicone oil group was higher than C₃F₈ tamponade group in the rate of retinal reattachment. Silicone oil group was higher than C₃F₈ tamponade group of the incidence about high intraocular pressure after vitreous surgery. But there was no statistically significant difference in both groups.

CONCLUSION: We should take individual programs which filler were used after vitrectomy for patient with MHRD in high myopic eyes.

Abstract:AIM:To study the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in inhibiting scar formation of epicanthus.

METHODS: Patients with epicanthus received by our plastic department from March 2012 to March 2014 were chosen and randomly divided into two groups: Treatment group, 39 patients injected botulinum toxin immediately after surgery; Control group, 42 patients received correction of epicanthus without injection of botulinum toxin. Two experienced plastic surgeons evaluate the scar of patients in each group 6mo after the surgery by using internationally recommended OSAS scar evaluation questionnaire from color, smoothness, elasticity and scar width. The scar of two groups in 1 and 6mo after surgery were assessed respectively and statistical analysis was done.

RESULTS: Four patients in the treatment group and 6 patients in the control group were lost to follow-up, while the others were on regular follow-up and evaluation. The postoperative scar scoring in color, smoothness, elasticity and scar width had statistical significance compared to the control group in 1mo after surgery(P<0.05). Postoperative scar scoring in 6mo after surgery had no statistically significant difference in the color and elasticity(P>0.05), but in the smoothness and scar width(P<0.05). The most obvious scar occurs after 1mo, and had a statistically significant difference compared to 6mo after surgery(P<0.05). During the follow-up, no one complained wound pain and itching in treatment group, while 5 patients had a slight wound itch within 3mo after surgery in the control group; no complications occurred in two groups.

CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin can not only reduce the short-term postoperative scar formation and inflammatory reaction itching and pain to a certain extent, but also achieve long-term flat appearance of incision and reduce the risk of scarring, which deserves an application in clinical practice.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the inspection result of computerized random-dot stereotest(CRDS)with TNO test and to study the clinical value of CRDS.

METHODS: Seventy-eight patients who received bilateral phacoemulsification from Januray, 2011 to June, 2011 were involved. The operations were performed by the same surgeon. Three months after the operation, CRDS and TNO test were used to evaluate the patients' stereopsis respectively. The inspection results of the two methods were compared.

RESULTS:All patients presented stereoscopic vision. There were 26 patients with foveal stereoacuity, 14 with macular stereoscopic vision and 38 with peripheral stereovision measured with CRDS, while it was 24, 11, 43 measured with TNO test. There were 32 patients with normal stereopsis, 46 patients with abnormal stereopsis and 35 patients with normal stereopsis, 43 patients with abnormal stereopsis respectively measured with CRDS and TNO test. No significant differences were found between the two methods.

CONCLUSION: The inspection result of CRDS has a high coherence with that of TNO test. It suggests that the CRDS is a reliable method for stereoaeuity evaluation in post-operative patients.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the dilation effect of computer optometry and retinoscopy optometry before and after mydriasis in children and to understand whether the application of computer refractor in children.

METHODS: Therelated data of 500 children cases(1 000 eyes)with ametropia in our hospital were analyzed. The children firstly received computer optometry, and then use the 10g/L atropine sulfate eye gel drops, respectively. After 3d, they were performed computer optometry and retinoscopy, and compared the effect of two refraction.

RESULTS: Spherical reading of computer optometry group was 2.70±2.75DS, cylinder degree was 1.54±1.10DC, were lower than those of retinoscopy group(P<0.05). The two groups has no significantly different axis position(P<0.05). spherical reading of computer optometry group was -2.35±2.18DS, cylinder degree was -1.50±1.15DC, less than those of retinoscopy group(P<0.05). The two groups under axial difference was not significant(P>0.05). Before mydriasis, astigmatism was 1.54±1.10D, astigmatic axis was(14.38±11.11)°. After mydriasis, astigmatism was 1.45±1.21D and astigmatic axis was(12.78±10.31)°, significantly higher than those of retinoscopy(P<0.05). The absolute value of the difference measured by two spherical refraction method was between ≤0.50D, accounting for 75%(350/500), ≤1.00D accounting for 77.4%(387/500), and 409 cases ≤0.50D, accounting for 81.8%.

CONCLUSION: Children optometry concerns the visual development of children. Computer optometry and retinoscopy are the pros and cons. As for computer optometry can not replace retinoscopy optometry, it can be used as an auxiliary tool for fast optometry.

Abstract:AIM: To observe and analyze the detection results of child astigmatism before and after cycloplegia and axial changes by using computer automatic refractometer.

METHODS:Sixty cases(120 eyes)with anisometropia founded by subjective optometry were selected as the research object. According to age, they were divided into 3～6 years groups(14 cases, 28 eyes), 7～9 years group(29 cases, 58 eyes)and 10～12 years group(17 cases, 34 eyes). Three groups of patients were given compound tropicamide eye drops for mydriasis. Using automatic computer refractor detected spherical degree, cylinder diopters, astigmatism axis of all patients and made self-control analysis.

RESULTS: Spherical degree and cylinder diopters before and after cycloplegia had statistical difference in children of all ages(P<0.05). The change of astigmatism axis had no statistical significance(P>0.05). After cycloplegia, by camparing the result of automatic computer integrated refractometer and that of inspection shadow optometry, the coincidence rate of spherical, cylinder diopter in 3～6 years group was lower than that of 7～9 years group and 10～12 years group.

CONCLUSION: After cycloplegia, fully automatic computer refractometer can more accurately obtain diopter, easy to operate, has more coincidence rate with optometry. It can be use as prescription basis for children aged 3～12 years.

Abstract:AIM: To study the treatment method and curative effect of children amblyopia.

METHODS: A total of 234 cases(332 eyes)of amblyopia children were treated in strabismus amblyopia treatment centers of our hospital from January 2011 to December 2013. From them, we randomly selected 200 cases(322 eyes)as the research object, whose age was 4～12 years old, eyesight was lower than normal age children, correct far sight was lower than the corresponding age eyesight, had no organic disease and diagnosed as amblyopia. According to different causes of amblyopia, respectively, different methods were used to carry on the comprehensive treatment. The relationships between visually impaired children and the child's age, treatment time, type of amblyopia, amblyopia degree were observed. Eyes' recovery were examined regularly.

RESULTS:After comprehensive therapy, 200 cases(322 eyes)of amblyopia children were followed up for 2a, in which the fundamental cure was in 265 eyes, improved in 53 eyes, progress invalid in 4 eyes.

CONCLUSION: Curative effect of comprehensive therapy to treat different types of amblyopia is remarkable.