Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the relationship between central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure in healthy and glaucomatous eyes of adults. To make up to date summary of the results of studies done on the association of central corneal thickness measurements and intraocular pressure measurements in Glaucoma patients and in healthy subject.

METHODS: To identify relevant studies a search of MEDLINE and Science Direct databases for studies investigating the relationship between central corneal thickness(CCT)and intraocular pressure(IOP)was conducted. The Search period was from Sep. 10^th to Oct. 28^th of 2015. Search key words included: central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, glaucoma, ocular hypertension, exfoliative glaucoma, applanation tonometry, pachymetry, primary open angle glaucoma, Goldmann applanation tonometry. In addition, a manual search of “The Year Book of Ophthalmology” Journals 2004 to 2006 Issues in the Southern Medical University Library English language section was done. The following exclusion criteria applied: 1)non-English media studies; 2)studies done before 2005; 3)case series and case reviews; 4)studies involving treatment protocols or surgical techniques; 5)studies comparing glaucomatous eyes with other conditions such as diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular disease as secondary variables; 6)studies with children as study subjects; 7)studies with animal subjects.

RESULTS: There were 12 observational studies and 1 case control study included. Compared to control subjects, patients had significantly increased IOP(SMD: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30～0.70, Z=4.88, P<0.001). Compared to control subjects, patients had significantly decreased CCT levels(SMD: -0.14, 95% CI: -0.23～-0.05, Z=3.14, P=0.002). Meta-regression revealed that mean-age(P=0.025)was found to have a statistically significant relation to the observed CCT difference between glaucomatous eyes and controls.

CONCLUSION: It has been established that glaucomatous eyes tend to have thinner CCT and higher IOP compared to normal eyes.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate and compare subjective and objectively, the course of surgically induced dry eye following both phacoemulsification(PKE)and manual-small incision cataract surgery(SICS)procedure, and to analyze the result in terms of causative factors.

METHODS:This single centre prospective study included 100 eyes of 100 patients randomly divided into two groups(Group 1, SICS-50 patients; Group 2, PKE-50 patients), who underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens(IOL)-implantation from Jun. 2013 to Dec. 2014 for a period of one and half year by single surgeon. In all patients post operative course of dry eye were tabulated and assessed at 1, 4, 12wk, subjectively and objectively, and thereafter analyzed in terms of possible causative factors. Statistical data were calculated using SPSS 23.0 Windows software.

RESULTS:There was no significant preoperative intergroup difference in subjective and objective dry eye test(DET)values(P>0.05). Both the groups showed similar trend of persistently declining objective DET-values till at the end 12wk, as compared to their respective preoperative values(P<0.05), although there were no significant intergroup changes seen throughout the postoperative period(P>0.05). PKE seems to have better subjective DET-value at the end of 12wk.

CONCLUSION:Dry eye disease is inevitable following cataract surgery. Both PKE and SICS, can affect the dry eye test values in almost similar manner post operatively till up to 12wk. Randomized multicentre trial with larger cohort and longer follow-up is warranted to substantiate our findings.

Abstract:AIM: To compare one step macular hole and cataract surgery with two step surgery in patients with macular hole and cataract.

METHODS: In a clinical trial conducted on patients suffering from cataract with macular holes inTabriz, the effects of simultaneous surgery of macular hole and cataract performed on these patients were studied. In this study, 22 patients(Group A)were, first, undergone phacoemulsification and intraocular lens embedment, and one month later, 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy together with the retinal internal limiting membrane(ILM)removal. Twenty-one patients(Group B)were undergone simultaneous phacoemulsification, intraocular lens embedment, 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, and the retinal ILM removal.

RESULTS: Group A was comprised of 7 males and 15 females, and Group B of 9 males and 12 females(P=0.545). The mean age of patients in Group A and B were 66.63±4.75 and 67.71±4.99y, respectively(P=0.472). Three months after surgeries were performed, the macular holes of 2 patients from Group A and 5 patients from Group B were open(P=0.240). Uveitis was observed in 1 patient from Group A and 4 from Group B(P=0.185). The increase of intraocular pressure(IOP)was merely observed in 2 patients from Group B(P=0.233). Posterior capsule opacification(PCO)was observed, three months after surgeries, in 2 patients from Group A and 4 from Group B(P=0.412).

CONCLUSION: The results suggested that, no significant difference existed between patients from the two groups in terms of outcome and postoperative complications, although,Group B patients, the recipients of simultaneous surgeries, experienced more complications compared to their Group A counterparts.

Abstract:Autophagy, a cellular housekeeping process, is indispensable to controlling the homeostasis of cytoplasm by removing unused proteins and damaged cell organelles. This process involves different types of human diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and infectious diseases. Neurodegeneration is a critical pathological process of many eye diseases, such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. The retina and all intraocular cells are constantly exposed to environmental stress and injuries, including oxidative stress and starvation, which lead to autophagy. Autophagy promotes cell survival through the recycling of metabolic precursors, or promotes cell death if autophagy is over-active. Additionally, autophagy and apoptosis have been shown to be harmonious or contrasting, depending on different experimental contexts. All of this contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. This paper reviews the mechanisms and regulation involved in autophagy, current understandings of neuronal autophagy in glaucoma and retina and strategies for therapeutic modulation.

Abstract:AIM: To do the assesement of the effects of repeated parabulbar application of triamcinolone acetonide(TA)on uveitic macular edema(ME)with and without epiretinal membranes(ERM)obtained via high resolution optical coherence tomography(OCT)parameters(central and average macular thicknesses, and volume)and their correlation with visual efficiency.

METHODS: This study depicts treatment results obtained for 140 eyes in patients with uveitic macular edema divided into two groups based on absence or presence of epiretinal membranes. Three repeated doses of triamcinolone acetonide(40 mg each)were parabulbarlly applied every 3-4wk, and besides which all patients also received local treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients' visual efficiency, intraocular pressure, and high resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)examination was performed.

RESULTS: Best results were achieved in patients with macular edema without epiretinal membranes where average values for average thickness, volume, and central field thickness were statistically significantly lower than the same values at the beginning of treatment. Following treatment of eyes with macular edema in a group with ERM, besides decreased values of volume and average thickness, there was also increased central field thickness. Overall, from initial examination to treatment completion, there was no statistically significant change of intraocular pressure and central field thickness, but there was statistically significant decrease in average thickness, volume, while visual efficiency statistically increased. In both groups visual efficiency highly correlated with central field thickness.

CONCLUSION: Repeated parabulbar application of triamcinolone acetonide had better outcome on uveitic macular edema without epiretinal membranes being present.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the expression and the significance of VEGF-C/D in rat cornea after alkali burning as well as the role of lymphangiogenesis in the high-risk corneal transplantation rejection.

METHODS: The model of alkali burn corneal was made. Different times corneas were taken to electron microscope for vascularization, and examined the expression of VEGF-C/D and VEGFR-3 in l, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28d. The other rat cornea after alkali burn were divided into four parts to penetrate keratoplasty, containing only blood vessels in the cornea(group A), angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis(group B), lymphangiogenesis degenerating period(group C), angiogenesis degenerating period(group D). In addition, there are also normal groups(group N)to compare the RI values and survival time of corneal graft.

RESULTS: Electron microscopy showed that, when the first 7d rat cornea appeared neovascularization after alkali burn, but not lymphangiogenesis. The occurrence of new blood vessels and lymphatic in 2wk. There were no obvious lymphangiogenesis in 5wk and the angiogenesis gradually subside in 8 wk. The expression of VEGF-C/D and VEGFR-3 in the corneas of rats were up-regulated in the third days after the injury, and reached its peaks at 5d. The average survival time of group N, A, B, C, D were(14.25±0.62)d,(9.35±1.02)d,(5.06±1.13)d,(8.71±0.83)d,(9.44±1.05)d after transplant cornea. Compared to the rest of the group, group B plant average survival time significantly shortened(P<0.05), while compared with group B, the survival time of A, C, D groups were significantly longer(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: VEGF - C/D and VEGFR-3 are expressed significantly after corneal alkali burn. New lymphatic vessels can accelerate high-risk corneal transplantation immune rejection.

Abstract:AIM: To study the changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)expression in gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSC).

METHODS: BMSC were divided into blank control group(without transfected BMSC), negative control group(empty vector without BDNF gene transfected BMSC)and experimental group(BDNF gene transfected BMSC). The expression of BDNF mRNA in BMSC was measured by Realtime PCR, and the expression of BDNF in BMSC was measured by ELISA.

RESULTS: The BDNF mRNA expressions of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8-generation BMSC cells in the experimental group were higher than those in the blank control group and negative control group. The differences were statistically significant(P3: F=491.788, P<0.05; P4: F=380.112, P<0.05; P5: F=1854.929, P<0.05; P6: F=224.540, P<0.05; P7: F=619.155, P<0.05; P8: F=10.092, P<0.05). As the BMSC cells in the experimental group passaging, the BDNF mRNA expressions in the experimental group decreased. The difference of BDNF mRNA expression among different passage cells was statistically significant(F=298.603, P<0.05). The BDNF secretion of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8-generation BMSC cells in the experimental group were higher than those in the blank control group and negative control group. The differences were statistically significant(P3: F=520.609, P<0.05; P4: F=734.520, P<0.05; P5: F=152.847, P<0.05; P6: F=80.372, P<0.05; P7: F=96.083, P<0.05; P8: F=38.532, P<0.05). As the BMSC cells in the experimental group passaging, the BDNF secretion decreased. The difference of BDNF secretion among different passage cells was statistically significant(F=230.084, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Long-term expression of BDNF in BMSC can be enhanced by genetic engineering.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the regulatory effect of microRNA-132(miR-132)in human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC).

METHODS: In vitro cultured human umbilical vein endothelia cells in hypoxic environment for 6h, then maintained under normal oxygen condition for 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h. miR-132 and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α(PGC-1α)expression was detected by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells transfected miR-132 mimic and miR-132 inhibitor(anti-miR-132)were measured by quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.

RESULTS: miR-132 and PGC-1α expression was significantly(P<0.01)upregulated in the hypoxic environment of cells at 3h compared with the normal oxygen condition. After cells transfection, the hypoxic environment the miR-132 and PGC-1α expression were markedly increased compared with the normal oxygen condition. The cells transfected miR-132-mimic, the expression of the miR-132 and PGC-1α were higher than that of transfected anti-miR-132 and contrast group(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: miR-132 level is highly expressed in the HUVEC under hypoxia and may be an effect of regulation for PGC-1α.

Abstract:AIM: To study the infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs)after conjunctival flap covering in alkali-burned cornea.

METHODS: Rabbit cornea alkali-burned model was made, then 50 rabbits were randomly divided into the experimental group(n=25)and the control group(n=25). At the same time the surgery of conjunctival flap covering was given to rabbits of the experimental group. The condition developing of alkali-burned cornea was observed by slit lamp biomicroscopy, and took photos in two groups. The infiltration of PMNs was identified by hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining in different periods.

RESULTS:The quantity of PMNs increased on the 3d, reached the lower level on 7d, shown a peak on the 14d, then decreased gradually. PMNs level of the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference of 3, 14 and 21d was significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: During the wound healing process, alkali-burned cornea has close relation with the infiltration of PMNs. The treatment of conjunctival flap covering for the severe alkali-burned cornea was found to have good effect.

Abstract:AIM: To observe and compare clinical effects of coaxial 1.8mm microincision phacoemulsification and 3.2mm small incision phacoemulsification.

METHODS: A total of 117 eyes of 85 patients with age-related cataract in our hospital were divided randomly into two groups: 43 patients(59 eyes)in the coaxial 1.8 mm microincision cataract surgery group(C-MICS), 42 patients(58 eyes)in the coaxial 3.2 mm traditional small incision cataract surgery group(C-SICS). A total of 117 eyes were received phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Uncorrected visual acuity was recorded preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 7, 30 and 90d. The effective phacoemulsification time and average ultrasound energy were recorded in surgery. Corneal endothelial cell and corneal topography were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively at 90 d.

RESULTS: Uncorrected visual acuity(logMAR)was no overall statistical significance difference between C-MICS group and C-SICS group(P>0.05), but was significant statistical difference in different time-point within both groups(P<0.05). Uncorrected visual acuity in different time-point had nothing to do with corneal wound size in cataract surgery(P>0.05). On the 1 day after surgery, uncorrected visual acuity was 0.16±0.11 in C-MICS group and 0.22±0.18 in C-SICS group(P<0.05). AVE was(7.00±2.72)% in C-MICS group and(6.16±3.16)% in C-SICS group(P>0.05). EPT was(3.09±1.61)s in C-MICS group and(3.20±1.92)s in C-SICS group(P>0.05). At 90 d after surgery, corneal endothelial cell loss percentage was(5.81±2.28)% in C-MICS group and(5.69±2.38)% in C-SICS group(P>0.05), SIA was(0.35±0.11)Din C-MICS group and(0.61±0.13)D in C-SICS group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Compared with coaxial 3.2mm traditional small incision cataract surgery, 1.8mm coaxial microincision cataract surgery can get earlier visual rehabilitation and significantly reduce SIA. The coaxial 1.8mm microincision cataract surgery is safe, effective and deserves further clinical applications.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 23G and 20G vitreous cutting system in silicone oil extracting operation.

METHODS: A total of 98 cases(98 eyes)patients, after 3-6mo silicone oil filling with retinal attachment and suitable for retrieving silicone oil. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. 20G vitreous cutting system group including 48 cases(48 eyes)and 23G vitreous cutting system group including 50 cases(50 eyes). A series of comparative analyses were conducted on the times for set up and closing the passage and the time for taking the oil time on the two groups: intraocular pressure of preoperative and of postoperative for 1, 3d, 1wk, 3 and 6mo. The comparisons were also made between the best corrected visual acuity of preoperative and postoperative. The section inflammation of postoperative 1, 3d, 1mo were compared. Complications were compared between intraoperative and postoperative.

RESULTS: Establishing surgery channel for 20G and 23G group were(243.54±51.17)s and(91.16±21.37)s respectively; closing wound time were(235.04±42.89)s and(86.04±21.76)s. Extracting oil time were(6.7±1.65)min and(7.35±2.02)min. There was a significant difference(P<0.01)between establishing the operation channel time and close the incision time. There was no significant difference between two groups in the extracting oil time(P>0.05). The first day was statistically different(P<0.05)but the rest of the time point of intraocular pressure had no statistical difference(P>0.05). The best corrected visual acuity for 20G and 23G group preoperative and postoperative after 6mo were: 4.21±0.61, 3.91±0.64; 4.03±0.46 and 4.22±0.39 respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). There was significant difference(P<0.05)of cells in the anterior chamber between the 20G group and 23G group of postoperative 1 and 3d. There was no statistical difference after 1mo(P>0.05). The findings also reported that 20G and 23G group had no intraoperative complications and postoperative. For 23G group, 5 cases of temporarily had lower intraocular pressure, 1 case was retinal again, 1 case was choroid detachment. For 20G group, 1 case of temporarily had lower intraocular pressure, 3 cases were retinal detachment and 2 cases were choroid detachment.

CONCLUSION:23G vitreous cutting system has the advantages of low operation steps, intraoperative injury. The postoperative complications of low probability, used in silicone oil is safe and effective.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the effect and safety of applying mitomycin C(MMC)in laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis(LASEK)for extreme high myopia.

METHODS: LASEK with 0.02% MMC was performed in 364 eyes of 182 patients with extreme high myopia and spherical equivalent was -9.0 to -10.25 D. All the patients were divided into four groups according to the applying time of MMC. The time in Group Ⅰ was 10s, in Group Ⅱ was 25s, in Group Ⅲ was 40s and 55s in Group IV. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), residual refraction, Haze, healing time of corneal epithelium, density and variant index of corneal endothelium was examined in these patients and follow-up 6mo.

RESULTS: At 6mo after surgery, 76.3%, 94.0%, 92.3% and 93.8% of the patients in Group Ⅰ, GroupⅡ, Group Ⅲ and Group IV respectively achieved the UCVA better than 15/20. There was significant difference of UCVA between Group Ⅰ and the other three groups(χ²=19.610, P=0.000). Proportion of the residual refraction between ±0.5D in Group Ⅰ(78.8%)was lower than other groups(95.2% in Group Ⅱ, 93.3% in Group Ⅲ, and 92.7% in Group Ⅳ)at 6mo and there was significant difference(χ²=16.329, P=0.001). Group Ⅰ had more Haze statistically than the other three groups at 6mo postoperatively(H_c=50.110, P=0.000). The healing time of cornea epithelium seem to be no statistically difference between each group at 6mo(χ²=11.611, P>0.05). MMC had no influence on the density of corneal endothelium in each group postoperatively(P>0.05), there were 3 071.3±284.4 cells/mm² in Group I, 3 105.6±337.8 cells/mm² in Group Ⅱ, 2 986.3±304.1cells/mm² in Group Ⅲ and 3 088.7±372.5 cells/mm² in Group IV respectively. The variant index of corneal endothelium calculated in each group at 6mo after surgery was 24.72±6.52, 22.93±6.74, 24.38±6.63 and 23.14±7.22 repectively, compare with that preoperatively there were no statistically differences(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: For extreme high myopia LASEK with 0.02% MMC is effective and safe. The MMC applying time of 25s in LASEK can effectively reduce Haze after surgery and decrease potential complications.

Abstract:Cornea is the major refractive components of the eye. As a viscoelastic tissue, cornea exhibits complicated biomechanical properties: non-linear elasticity, anisotropy and viscoelasticity. The biomechanical properties play an important role in keeping the normal structureand function. Changes in biomechanical properties are always earlier than the clinical symptoms. So quantitative measurement of the biomechanical properties benefits the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Different methods to measure the biomechanical properties of cornea were reviewed in detail, including classic ex vivo destructive tests, commercially available in vivo measuring methods and other emerging methods with the potential for clinical application but not validated for in vivo measurement. The operating principles, advantages as well as limitations of these methods were also described.

Abstract:Wet age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of the severe, irreversible vision loss in individuals over the age of 65 years. Anti-VEGF therapy has been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of wAMD, which is the front-line therapy admittedly. It has no clear steady curative effect for some patients even if they accepted repeating Anti-VEGF therapy. For the purpose of visual acuity improved more, a steady flow of new therapy has emerged, such as function towards the same or different targets of antiangiogenesis, consolidating the effect by combination therapy, improving or simplifying the mode of administration, etc. This paper gives a brief review of the progress of anti-VEGF for the therapy in wet age-related macular degeneration.

Abstract:With the increasing perfection and improvement of microsurgery technique in modern ophthalmology, especially the popularization of micro-incision cataract extraction and the rise of femtosecond-laser-assisted cataract extraction, the cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation is gradually transformed from vision rehabilitation surgery into refractive surgery and people also pursue better postoperative visual experiences. However, the preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism is always the main factor affecting the postoperative visual effect. In recent years, the development of design and materials of the intraocular lens(IOL)provided necessary basic conditions for clinical application of the Toric IOL. The Toric IOL is primarily characterized by effective correction of cataract patients' postoperative corneal astigmatism, which results in the enhancement of patients' postoperative visual function. In this paper, the design, classification and clinical application of Toric IOL were analyzed, and current problems and prospect were discussed.

Abstract:Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia of the orbicularis oculi muscles, producing excessive eye closure. The etiology and pathogenesis is still unclear now. It is usually appearing in adult period and predominant in females. The symptoms are typically triggered by stress, fatigue, intense light or individual factors. At advanced stages patients develop functional blindness. At present the main treatments include: botulinum toxin(BTX), surgical procedures, systemic and ocular drugs and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. BTX administration has been an effective treatment. Surgical procedures have good effect but should be limited to the rare patients that do not respond to botulinum toxin treatment. A great variety of drugs have poor results. Chinese medicine has a certain therapeutic effect. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve symptoms. The epidemiology, anatomy, physiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment system were reviewed in this paper.

Abstract:AIM: To report the safety and effectiveness of LenSx femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery.

METHODS: Sixty-seven patients(76 eyes)were included in the study. All the cases underwent LenSx femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery between Jul. 2014 and Jul. 2015. The completion rate of anterior capsulotomy, lens fragmentation, intraocular lens implantation and corneal incisions, the best corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)before and 1mo after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery, the adverse events and equipment defect rate were recorded. The regression analysis of possible factors affecting the completion rate of corneal incision(eye, age, location of incision, corneal diameter, peripheral corneal thickness, preoperative corneal astigmatism)was taken.

RESULTS: All surgeries were uneventful. The completion rate of anterior capsulotomy, lens fragmentation, intraocular lens implantation and corneal incisions was 97%, 100%, 100% and 83%, respectively. No adverse events(posterior capsule rupture, corneal edema, macular edema and retinal detachment)and device defect occurred. The CDVA was significantly improved 1mo after surgery. Logistic regression analysis showed that there was a correlation between location of corneal incision and completion rate of corneal incision, and no correlation was found between eye, age, corneal diameter, peripheral corneal thickness, preoperative corneal and completion rate of corneal incision.

CONCLUSION: The LenSx femtosecond laser-assisted methodis efficient and safe for cataract surgery.

Abstract:AIM: To study the clinical effect of implantation of multifocal intraocular lens(IOL)combined with cataract extraction and IOL in cataract patients.

METHODS:A total of 86 cases(86 eyes)of cataract patients admitted to our hospital from Feb. 2014 to Mar. 2015 were divided into two groups according to the order of admission, each of 43 cases. The 43 patients with cataract extraction combined with non spherical astigmatism correction type monofocal IOL implantation for the treatment as the control group, the other 43 patients with cataract extraction combined with aspheric toric multifocal IOL implantation were treated as the observation group. After 1y of follow-up, the visual acuity, astigmatism and the contrast sensitivity of the two groups were observed.

RESULTS:There was no difference in visual acuity between two groups(P>0.05). Postoperative observation group of uncorrected near visual acuity(UCNVA)was significantly better than the control group(P<0.05), and the other indexes were not different(P>0.05). There was no difference in astigmatism between the two groups before and after operation(P>0.05). There was no difference in contrast sensitivity between two groups(P>0.05). The contrast sensitivity of the control group was better than that of the observation group(P<0.05), and the rest had no difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:Astigmatism correction multifocal intraocular lens on corneal astigmatism after surgery has a good effect, the naked eye near visual effect is better, the rest of the visual acuity is stable, good visual quality, worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Abstract:AIM: To compare and contrast different operation after cataract patients with refractive change rules. To analyze the patients with refractive stability after cataract surgery, and to provide a reference for cataract patients with clinical surgery after visual quality.

METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 126 cases(150 eyes)were selected from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2015 in Changzhou First People's Hospital of cataract extraction combined with foldable intraocular lens implantation for cataract patients as the research samples. According to the different operation for three groups, the first group of 42 patients(50 eyes)underwent above 3 mm clear corneal incision; 52 cases in group 2(60 eyes)underwent temporal side 3 mm clear corneal incision. The third group, 32 cases(40 eyes)underwent 3 corner above the scleral tunnel incision. All the cases were measured at different time point in patients with naked eyes far visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, spherical degree, the degree of astigmatism and astigmatic axial, comparative analysis of after cataract surgery in patients with refractive change regularity and stability of refraction.

RESULTS: The uncorrected distance visual comparison within the group, and each time point after preoperative differences were significant(P<0.01), and the early postoperative period after 1, 3mo significantly different(P<0.05). Three groups of patients after surgery compared with preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity improved significantly, and were stable after 1mo. Compare the best corrected distance vision within the group, and each time point after preoperative differences were significant(P<0.01), postoperative 1wk and after 1, 3d significantly different(P<0.05), after 1wk and after 1, 3mo was not significantly different(P>0.05), three groups of patients were compared with the preoperative best corrected distance visual acuity were increased significantly, and were in stable after 1wk; relatively spherical degree within the array, after 1d and 3d was not significantly different(P>0.05), hyperopia drift, after 1wk and 1, 3d was significantly different(P<0.05), after 1wk and 1, 3mo was not significantly different(P>0.05). Three groups of patients' spherical degrees after 1wk were stabilized. Comparative degree of astigmatism within the array, postoperative compared with preoperative corneal astigmatism were increased 1d after surgery. Corneal astigmatism in each group reached the maximum, and then decreases 1wk and 1d after surgery, compared with postoperative 3d was significantly different(P<0.05). After 1wk and 1, 3mo was not significantly different(P>0.05). Three groups of patients were compared with preoperative astigmatism were significantly increased, and in operation after 1wk were stabilized; astigmatic axis were three groups in the preoperative astigmatism against the rule, the first and third group after 1d, three Tianshun rule astigmatism proportional were increased, and then decreased. Group 2 the-rule astigmatism proportion, after 1wk, 1 and 3mo, the first and third group gradually reduced the proportion of cis regulatory astigmatism, and compared with preoperative increased, increasing the-rule astigmatism group 2 ratio, and increased compared with preoperative.

CONCLUSION: Above 3 mm the transparent corneal incision, temporal clear corneal incision and above the scleral tunnel incision different surgical postoperative visual acuity are good. It can be used as a routine surgical procedure in treatment of cataract; phacoemulsification in cataract patients with former majority against the rule astigmatism. After cataract surgery, early refractive state is a state of mild hyperopia and stabilized about 1wk, combined with clinical guide glasses.

Abstract:AIM:To study the application value and therapeutic effect of small incision trabeculectomy in tunnel in cataract combined with glaucoma surgery.

METHODS:Eighty-two patients of ninety eyes with cataract combined with glaucoma were selected in our hospital from May 2013 to May 2015, all of them treatment of small incision trabeculectomy in tunnel surgery, compare the difference of intraocular pressure and refractive degree at different time points before and after operation; To analyze the improvement of visual acuity after surgery and the occurrence of complications.

RESULTS:The intraocular pressure of postoperative 1, 7d, 1 and 6mo(19.38±3.63, 12.96±2.84, 11.37±1.05, 11.89±0.82mmHg)were lower than preoperative(32.65±6.42mmHg), and the difference has statistical significance(P<0.05). The vertical corneal refraction first increased and then decreased after the operation. The difference time points were higher than the preoperative, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The horizontal corneal refraction first decreased and then increased after surgery. The horizontal corneal refraction at each time point except 1mo after surgery and preoperative differences were statistically significant. Five eyes(6%)of patients with vision <0.1 after 6mo of operation, forty-eight eyes(53%)with vision 0.1-0.5, 29 eyes(32%)with vision 0.6-0.9, eight eyes(9%)with vision >1.0, the vision was significantly improved after 6mo of operation(P<0.05). There were 3 eyes of patients with anterior chamber, 5 eyes had corneal edema, 3 eyes had the appearance of anterior chamber, and recovered within 7d after treatment.

CONCLUSION:The small incision trabeculectomy in tunnel for cataract combined with glaucoma has significant curative effect, higher safety, and highly clinical value.

Abstract:AIM: To observe application of underwater bubble method capsulorhexis overmature period to improve the small incision cataract surgery, so as to explore the clinical value of the surgical method.

METHODS: From Jul. 2012 to Mar. 2016 at the grassroots of blindness 58 people fail in the 66 eyes overmature period of cataract were randomly divided into underwent capsulorhexis by underwater bubble method to improve the small incision cataract surgery group(36 eyes of 30 cases)and conventional viscoelastic agent underwent capsulorhexis small incision cataract surgery group(30 eyes of 28 cases).

RESULTS: A total of 66 eyes in success rate of continuous circular capsulorhexis: 92%(33/36 eyes)of underwater bubble method, method of viscoelastic agent only 40%(12/30 eyes). Two groups of cases of postoperative corneal endothelial cell density are compared with preoperative significantly reduced, no significant statistical difference between the two groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Underwater bubble method capsulorhexis difficult to overmature period of cataract surgery capsulorhexis solution is a better way.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effect of different corneal incision size on change in tear function after phacoemulsification cataract surgery in type 2 diabetics.

METHODS:One hundred and fifty patients with type 2 diabetes(150 eyes)from Jan. 2015 to Oct. 2015 in our hospital were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Seventy-five patients(75 eyes)in group A: coaxial 2.2mm micro-incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation; seventy-five patients(75 eyes)in group B: the conventional coaxial 3.0mm small incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction and IOL implantation. The difference of demographic characteristics between two groups were insignificant. The ocular surface disease index(OSDI), corneal sensation, break up time(BUT)and Schirmer's Ⅰ test(SⅠt)were examined preoperatively and 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo postoperatively.

RESULTS:At 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively, the OSDI score in two groups increased and the OSDI score of group B was significantly higher than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The corneal sensation in two groups decreased after operations and the corneal sensation of group B was significantly lower than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The SⅠt in two groups decreased after operations and the SⅠt of group B was significantly lower than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). At 1wk and 1mo postoperatively, the BUT in two groups decreased after operations and the BUT of group B was significantly lower than those of group A and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). At 6mo postoperatively, no significant change was found in the OSDI score, corneal sensation, BUT and SⅠt of group A compared with preoperatively(all P>0.05). At 6mo postoperatively, the differences of OSDI score and corneal sensation in group B were statistically significant compared with preoperatively(all P<0.05)while no significant change was found in the BUT and SⅠt of group B(all P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:Phacoemulsification surgery with 2.2mm corneal micro-incision has less effect on change in tear function comparing to the 3.0 mm incision control, which can be applied particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the efficacy of 23G minimally vitrectomy without irrigation in cataract phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy of malignant glaucoma, and to analyze such compound operative procedures for phakic malignant glaucoma.

METHODS:A total of 21 phakic malignant glaucoma patients(21 eyes)underwent anterior vitrectomy without irrigation by using 23G vitrectomy. During surgical course phacoemulsification with anterior and posterior continuous circular capsulorhexis, trabeculectomy combined with iridectomy would be completed. Intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth changes and postoperative complications were observed after the operation.

RESULTS:In the three-month follow-up, intraocular pressures were reduced from(57.18±6.18)mmHg to(16.15±2.43)mmHg, there was statistical difference compared with pre-operation(P<0.001). The preoperative anterior chamber depth(ACD)was(0.88±0.25)mm, the postoperative ACD was(2.44±0.37)mm 3mo later, there were significant difference(P<0.001). The best corrected visual acuity improved significantly, no serious postoperative complication appeared.

CONCLUSION:The compound surgical method of anterior vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsifier and trabeculectomy can effectively treat phakic malignant glaucoma. Early diagnosis and early compound surgery may effectively reduce the intraocular pressure of malignant glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM: To observe and analyze the change of visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)after the Ex-press glaucoma shunt implantation.

METHODS: A total of 14 patients(24 eyes)with POAG were underwent Ex-press glaucoma shunt implantation. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), mean defect(MD), pattern standard deviation(PSD), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT), and corneal endothelial cell number were collected preoperatively. Visual acuity and IOP were collected in 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively respectively. Also, MD, PSD, RNFLT, and corneal endothelial cell number were collected preoperatively and 3mo postoperatively respectively. Complication, the additional treatment, success rate were analyzed.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in visual acuity preoperative and postoperative 1wk, 1, 3mo. Visual acuity did not significantly reduce after operation. Compared with preoperative, there was significant decreased(P<0.05)in IOP after 1wk, 1, 3mo postoperative, respectively. IOP keep stead in postoperative 3mo. The reduction of RNFLT had significant difference(P<0.05)between preoperative and postoperative 3mo. Compared with preoperation, MD and PSD had no significant difference(P>0.05)after postoperative 3mo. Corneal endothelial cell number decrease had significant difference(Z=-2.585, P=0.01)between preoperative and postoperative 3mo. Success rate: complete success: 79.2%(19 eyes); partial success: 8.3%(2 eyes); failure: 12.5%(3 eyes).

CONCLUSION: Ex-press glaucoma shunt implantation could efficiently decrease the IOP in POAG patients. Although it results in reduction of RNFLT in short time. The visual acuity and visual field keep stable after operation. It is a safe and effective device for treating primary open-angle glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness and the macular ganglion cell complex(GCC)thickness in primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)eyes and to compare them with normal control eyes, and to evaluate the diagnostic ability of peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness in POAG.

METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study consisting of 56 POAG patients. The control group consisted of 60 normal subjects(60 eyes)were matched in terms of age, sex, diopter and axial length. The peripapillary RNFL thickness and the macular GCC thickness of POAG eyes and normal control eyes were measured and compared by RTVue-100 optical coherence tomography(OCT). To assess the diagnostic utility of peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness in POAG, receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC)and areas under the ROC(AUC)were used.

RESULTS:The POAG eyes had a thinner peripapillary RNFL and macular GCC than the control eyes at all the regions(P<0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness was significantly thinner in association with the POAG diagnosis. ROC and AUC analysis showed that the best AUC parameters were C/D(AUC=0.936; 95% CI=0.903, 0.964)and superior RNFL thickness(AUC=0.910; 95% CI=0.889, 9.455). The AUC of nasal RNFL thickness, inferior RNFL thickness, temporal RNFL thickness, superior GCC thickness, inferior GCC thickness, and average GCC thickness were all above 0.8 with a good diagnostic value.

CONCLUSION:The peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness in POAG eyes are thinner than that of normal control eyes. Decreased peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness may be associated with POAG. The peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness have a good diagnostic value.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effects of Dickkopf-3(Dkk-3)in diabetic retinopathy(DR)circulating blood in patients with the expression level, the Dkk-3 development changes in the diabetic retinopathy of significance in the diagnosis of early DR.

METHODS:Eighty-five type 2 diabetic patients, included the non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)23 patients, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative DR(PDR)in patients with 30 and non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR)with 32 cases. The same period of healthy physical examination was selected as control group(80 cases). Serum samples were collected, and the relative expression level of Dkk-3 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)double antibody sandwich assay. The statistical differences were compared between groups.

RESULTS:The plasma level of Dkk-3(430.16±198.11pg/mL)in DR patients was significantly lower than that in healthy control group(627.48±294.45 pg/mL; P<0.05)and NDR patients(601.99±194.16 pg/mL; P<0.05). While there was no significant difference in Dkk-3 level between NDR and healthy control group(P=0.729). The level of PDR in patients with Dkk-3(396.38±185.59 pg/mL)was lower than that of NPDR(538.82±187.20 pg/mL; P=0.002).

CONCLUSION:The decrease of Dkk-3 level may be related to the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy, and there is a significant correlation with PDR. Circulating blood Dkk-3 protein in diabetic retinopathy has a certain differential efficacy, it is likely to become diabetic retinopathy patients peripheral blood test indicators.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate hemodynamic alterations of retrobulbar vessels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)patients with anterior segment neovascularization, before and 3mo after vitrectomy combined with panretinal photocoagulation and to explore the clinical significance.

METHODS: Color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI)was used for measurement of blood flow velocities and resistive indexes(RI)of the ophthalmic artery(OA), short posterior ciliary arteries(sPCA)and central retinal artery(CRA)in 21 eyes of 21 PDR patients with anterior segment neovascularization. CDFI parameters were obtained before and 3mo after vitrectomy combined with panretinal photocoagulation(PRP).

RESULTS: Peak systolic velocity(PSV)and end diastolic velocity(EVD)of CRA were significantly increased after surgeries, RI were decreased significantly(P<0.05). Parameters of sPCA and OA have no change after surgeries(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy combined with panretinal photocoagulation might increase the velocity of CRA, decrease RI and improve ocular blood supply postoperatively. It may delay or prevent the process of neovascular glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the efficacy and compliance of cetirizine hydrochloride and pranoprofen eye drops on children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

METHODS: A total of 63 children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis, from the outpatient department in our hospital between Jan. 2014 and Dec. 2015, were randomly divided into two groups including experimental group and control group. The cases in experimental group were treated with cetirizine hydrochloride, 2 times/d, 5 drops(0.25ml, 2.5mg)each time(≤6 years)or 10 drops(0.5ml, 5mg)each time(>6 years), oral or oral with beverage and food, 1g/L pranoprofen eye drops, 4 times/d, 1 drop each time. The cases in control group were only treated with cetirizine hydrochloride, 2 times /d, 5 drops(0.25ml, 2.5mg)each time(≤6 years)or 10 drops(0.5ml, 5mg)each time(>6 years), oral or oral with beverage and food for 14d. All the children were detected the scores of symptom and pathology before and after treatment. Compliance and side effect of the drug were surveyed by questionnaire.

RESULTS: The scores of symptom, pathology and overall total after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment in each group(t_{experimental, symptom}=10.41, P<0.05; t_{experimental, pathology}=10.05, P<0.05; t_{experimental, overall}=10.75, P<0.05; t_{control, symptom}=8.11, P<0.05; t_{control, pathology}=8.89, P<0.05; t_{control, overall}=8.41, P<0.05). The scores of symptom, pathology and overall total in experimental group were lower than those in control group after the treatment(t_symptom=5.27, P<0.05; t_pathology=3.97, P<0.05; t_overall=4.32, P<0.05). The effective rate of experimental group(85%)was significantly higher than control group(60%)(χ²=4.92, P<0.05). Most of the children(94%)had very good compliance. None of children had side effect such as sleepiness and thirst.

CONCLUSION: Cetirizine hydrochloride and pranoprofen eye drops in combination may offer a safety and effective treatment on children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and have good compliance.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of compound anisodine on patients with paralytic strabismus and the influence on malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD).

METHODS: Seventy cases diagnosed with paralytic strabismus from Jun. 2008 to Dec. 2014 were selected as treatment group; another 70 cases with paralytic strabismus from Oct. 2000 to Jan. 2008 were chosen as control group. The control group was given with conventional therapy, and treatment group was additionally injected with compound anisodine subcutaneously on the basis of the control group. Treatment lasted for two courses about 28days. The effect of compound anisodine on patients with paralytic strabismus was evaluated and the serum level of MDA and SOD was also measured before and after treatment.

RESULTS: In treatment group, 54 cases were cured(77%), 14 cases improved(20%)and 2 cases had no response(3%)and total efficiency reached to 97%. In control group, 32 cases were cured(46%), 21 cases improved(30%)and 17 cases had no response(24%)and total efficiency was 76%. The cure rate and total efficiency of treatment group were significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05). Before treatment, the level of SOD and MDA was equal in two groups. After treatment, increased SOD level and decreased MDA level was observed in both groups. However, compound anisodine were significantly increased SOD level and reduced MDA level when compared with conventional therapy(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The compound anisodine shows the beneficial effect on patients with paralytic strabismus. Compound anisodine may exert the effect via increasing SOD and reducing MDA.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the treatment method and timing for neonatal dacryocystitis in different month-old children.

METHODS: A total of 180 children(207 eyes)with dacryocystitis who were admitted to our hospital between Jan. 2010 and Dec. 2014 were selected as the study subjects. According to months of age, they were divided into <3 months old group(n=41, 45 eyes), 3-6 months old group(n=75, 91 eyes)and 6-12 months old group(n=64, 71 eyes). Three groups were respectively treated with lacrimal massage combined with antibiotics, lacrimal duct washing with pressure and lacrimal duct probing, etc. The curative effect was compared between different months old children with dacryocystitis. The cure rate was statistically analyzed. The mean times of treatment was recorded and the best time for treatment was summarized.

RESULTS: 1)Hasner valvular obstruction was common in different months old children, and the proportion was higher than that of children with nasolacrimal duct bony part obstruction(P<0.05). The proportion of children with nasolacrimal duct bony part obstruction in 6-12 months old group was higher than that in <3 months old group and that in 3-6 months old group(P < 0.05). The proportion of children with Hasner valvular obstruction was lower than that in <3 months old group and that in 3-6 months old group(P<0.05); 2)the number of cured eyes in < 3 months old group was higher than that in 3-6 months old group and that in 6-12 months old group(P<0.05), and the number of cures eyes in 3-6 months old group was higher than that in 6-12 months old group(P<0.05); 3)the effective rates of lacrimal duct washing with pressure in <3 months old group and 6-12 months old group were similar, lower than that in 3-6 months old group(P<0.05); 4)the effective rates of lacrimal duct probing in the three group were higher than 90%(P>0.05); 5)the times of treatment in 3-6 months old group and 6-12 months old group was more than that in <3 months old group(P<0.05), and that in 6-12 months old group was more than that in 3-6 months old group(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: For <3 months old children with dacryocystitis, conservative treatment like lacrimal massage should be preferred. For children without effect, lacrimal duct washing with pressure and lacrimal duct probing should be given; For 3-6 months old children, lacrimal duct washing with pressure is preferred, and for 6-12 months old children, lacrimal duct probing is recommended.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze and discuss individual combination of femtosecond laser keratectomy excimer laser treatment of myopia clinical effect, thus providing the basis for clinical treatment.

METHODS: A total of 320 cases(509 eyes)with myopia were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the patient surgery program from Jan. 2010 to Jan. 2015 in the hospital. The observation group were treated with femtosecond laser combined with individual excimer laser keratectomy(ORK)treatment. The control group were treated with ORK mechanical knife treatment system valve.

RESULTS: In patients with low and moderate myopia, the average visual acuity of observation group and control group were 5.11±0.09 and 5.10±0.08 postoperative 6mo. The average visual acuity of observation group and control group were 5.09±0.05 and 5.08±0.05 postoperative 6mo in patients with high myopia. After treatment, the visual acuity was improved, and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). After treatment, the observation group corneal aspherical coefficients Q were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the observation group corneal thickness was significantly thinner than the control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser combined with individual excimer laser keratectomy for myopia has significant clinical effect and good surgical effectiveness. Also, it's better to maintain the aspheric shape of the cornea improved the visual quality.

Abstract:AIM:To test the intraocular pressures and some biological parameters of Uyghur and Han healthy college students whose eyes are emmetropia, and to conduct comparisons between the two races, two genders, and the right and left eyes whether there is a difference between the two races.

METHODS: Cross-sectional study. The vision of college students who reach the clinic with visual chart were tested; the keratorefractive power with an automatic refractor was tested; the eyes with slit lamp and ophthalmoscope were tested. The intraocular pressures of 405 cases(810 eyes in total)with an automatic non-contact tonometer were tested; The anterior chamber depths, lens thicknesses, vitreous cavity lengths and axial lengths with an A/B-type ultrasound diagnostic equipment were tested; The intraocular pressures and some biological parameters of the two races, two genders, same genders of different races, and the right and left eyes were compared.

RESULTS: The differences between Uyghur and Han college students in intraocular pressure, anterior depth, lens thickness, vitreous cavity length and axial length were statistically significant(P<0.05). The difference between Uyghur male college students and Uyghur female college students in anterior depth, axial length, keratorefractive power were statistically significant(P<0.05). The difference between Han male college students and Han female college students in axial length, keratorefractive power were statistically significant(P<0.05). The difference between the right and left eyes was statistically insignificant(P>0.05). The differences between Uyghur male college students and Han male college students in intraocular pressure, anterior depth, vitreous cavity length, axial length and lens thickness were statistically significant(P<0.05). The differences between Uyghur female college students and Han female college students in intraocular pressure, anterior depth and axial length were statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Compared with Uyghur college students, Han college students are higher in intraocular pressure, deeper in anterior depth, longer in vitreous cavity length and axial length, and thinner in lens thickness. Compared with female college students of same race, the male college students are longer in axial length and smaller in keratorefractive power. Moreover, Uyghur male college students are deeper than Uyghur female college students in anterior depth. Compared with Uyghur male college students, Han male college students are higher in intraocular pressure, deeper in anterior depth, longer in vitreous cavity length and axial length, and thinner in lens thickness. Compared with Uyghur female college students, Han female college students are higher in intraocular pressure, deeper in anterior depth, and longer in axial length. There is no difference between the right and left eyes.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the characteristics of optical coherence tomography(OCT)in diabetic optic neuropathy(DON)retrospectively.

METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 175 cases of type II diabetes with fundus lesions from Dec. 2013 to Dec. 2015 were selected and the clinical information was collected. These cases were diagnosed by consultation between Departments of Ophthalmology and Endocrinology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University. The results of body examination were recorded and cases were examined by color fundus photography, fluorescein fundus angiography(FFA)and OCT. All these data were analyzed.

RESULTS: A total of 49 cases(90 eyes, 25.7%)were diagnosed DON through FFA which manifested abnormal fluorescence in optic papilla. Results of OCT showed: among 90 eyes of DON patients, 15 eyes(16.7%)had normal optic nerve form; 20 eyes(22.2%)of excavation of optic disc became smaller or disappeared, with prelaminar tissue and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)swelling; 26 eyes(28.9%)manifested optic cup deep and cup/disc ratio increasing; 18 eyes(20.0%)had tissue hyperplasia in the hollow or on the surface of optic disc; 11 eyes(12.3%)had symptoms including vitreous traction optic papilla and optic disc rim rising. DON eyes which had similar fluorescence features could manifest different tissue morph by OCT.

CONCLUSION: FFA defines DON by change of blood circulation in optic nerve. However, OCT can show differences of tissue morph of optic nerve that FFA fails to do. So OCT can manifest the causes and sites of optic neuropathy more clearly and also provide basis for treatment. The advantages of OCT are conducive to reviews and curative effect tracking among DON patients and these advantages including noninvasive, convenient, inexpensive and repeatable.

Abstract:AIM: To point the susceptible gene in Avellino corneal dystrophy family with autosomal dominant inheritance.

METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples of all individuals of the pedigree. Several microsatellite makers were selected for gene scan in the hot regions of mutation. Linkage analysis was carried out using a Linkage software package. The haplotype data were processed using Cyrillic software to define the region of the disease gene.

RESULTS: In our pedigree, significant evidence of linkage was obtained at marker D5S396 and D5S393 \〖LOD score(Z)=3.01, recombination fraction(θ)=0.00\〗. The haplotype analysis of our pedigree was located between the microsatellite markers D5S808 and D5S638.

CONCLUSION:The pathogenic gene of the Avellino corneal dystrophy pedigree is traced to a 11.2 cM region in the chromosome 5q.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the difference of A-scan and IOL Master in intraocular lens power measurement.

METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-six patients(230 eyes)with age-related cataract were included in the study. Before surgery, axial length was measured by A-scan and IOL Master respectively and corneal curvature was measured by auto refractometer. Intraocular lens power was calculated according to the SRK-T formula. Corneal curvature was measured by auto refractometer and the refractive outcome was performed by phoropter three months after cataract surgery.

RESULTS: The mean axial length was(23.48±1.94)mm measured by A-scan and(23.75±1.96)mm measured by IOL Master. There was significant difference between them(P<0.05). After random grouping, the preoperative and postoperative mean corneal curvature in A-scan group was(43.94±1.81)D and(43.98±1.87)D respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between them(P>0.05). And the results were(44.10±1.57)D and(44.11±1.58)D in IOL Master group. There was no significant difference between them(P>0.05); The mean absolute refractive error(MAE)in A-scan group was(0.47±0.27)D and in IOL Master group(0.41±0.19)D. The difference was significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: IOL Master is proved to be slightly more accurate than A-scan for IOL power calculation.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the clinical effects of high frequency electrical capsulotomy in maturation period cataract surgery.

METHODS: A total of 68 cases of maturation period cataract were selected and underwent the surgery of continuous circular capsulorhexis using the high frequency electrical capsulotomy.

RESULTS: The success rate was 91% in 68 cases with the high frequency electrical capsulotomy.

CONCLUSION: The high frequency electrical capsulotomy in maturation period cataract surgery has significant advantages and brilliant clinical values.

Abstract:AIM: To determine the optimal operation method and reduce operative complications by retrospective analysis of outcomes of different operative manipulation for patients with congenital ectopia lentis(CEL).

METHODS: A retrospective study ranged from Jan. 1, 2010 to Jan. 1, 2015 was conducted and 31 CEL patients(57 eyes)treated with different operations were taken into this study. The postoperative outcome, operation related complications was analyzed in terms of different operative manipulations.

RESULTS: The most common types of CEL are idiopathic and Marfan-related CEL. All eyes(98%)benefited from operation except 1 Marchesani syndrome eye concurrent with optic atrophy induced by glaucoma. A total of 3 eyes(5%)were treated by phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation; 8 eyes(14%)were treated by phacoemulsification, capsular tension ring implantation combined with intraocular lens implantation, among these 8 eyes, 1 eye was treated with capsular tension ring implantation combined with suture fixation; 39 eyes(68%)were treated by lens excision and anterior vitrectomy through corneal incision combined with intraocular lens implantation with suture fixation, among these 39 eyes, 2 eyes were treated with trabeculectomy, but not combined with intraocular lens implantation; 5 eyes(9%)were treated by intracapsular cataract extraction and anterior vitrectomy combined with intraocular lens implantation with suture fixation; 2 eyes(4%)were treated by lens excision and vitrectomy through pars plana combined with silicon oil injection.

CONCLUSION: Almost all patients can obtain satisfactory outcomes through various operative manipulations. Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation was the first choice for patients with lens dislocation range less than 90°. Phacoemulsification, capsular tension ring implantation combined with intraocular lens implantation was recommended for 90°-180°, and lens excision and anterior vitrectomy through corneal incision combined with intraocular lens implantation with suture fixation was more suitable for lens dislocation range more than 180°. The appropriate operative methods for different types of CEL patients is the key to success.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgical intervention of complicated cataract in patients with uveitis.

METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 57 cases(57 eyes)with complicated cataract with uveitis were involved in the study from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2015. All cases underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgery successfully. The postoperative reaction, effect, complications and so on were retrospectively analyzed after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgery. The date of visual outcome was analyzed using Non-parametric Wilcoxon test.

RESULTS: Iris were bleed in 21 eyes(37%), 4 eyes(7%)with posterior capsule rapture and posterior chamber intraocular lens was not implanted in 4 eyes(7%). The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)was significantly increased after surgery. The UCVA of 8 eyes(14%)were 0.1 or better before surgery, and the UCVA of 42 eyes(74%)were 0.1 or better 3mo after surgery, the difference was statistically significant(Z=23.42,P<0.001). The corneal edema(17 eyes, 30%), uveitis(2 eyes, 4%)and intraocular hypertension(1 eyes, 2%)were appeared in postoperative 1d. The corneal edema(3 eyes, 5%)was appeared in postoperative 1wk. The uveitis(1 eyes, 2%)was appeared in postoperative 1mo. The corneal edema(1 eyes, 2%), uveitis(2 eyes, 4%), intraocular hypertension(1 eyes, 2%)and after-cataract(3 eyes, 5%)were appeared in postoperative 3mo.

CONCLUSION: The phacoemulsification combined intraocular lens implantation surgical intervention of complicated cataract in patients with uveitis has good effect and fewer complications.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the clinical effects of compound trabeculectomy for primary angle-closure glaucoma with persistent high intraocular pressure.

METHODS:Thirty-three cases(34 eyes)with primary angle-closure glaucoma were executed compound trabeculectomy. All patients were divided into two groups: group A: 18 cases(18 eyes)were executed compound trabeculectomy under high intraocular pressure higher than 35mmHg after using IOP-lowering medicine for 48-72h; group B: 15 cases(16 eyes)were executed compound trabeculectomy, the intraocular pressure was normal after using IOP-lowering medicine.

RESULTS:Thirty-four eyes were successfully completed surgery with follow-up of 6 to 18mo and there were no serious complications, including suprachoroidal hemorrhage. The visual acuity before operation in group A and group B were 0.02±0.01, 0.04±0.02, respectively. And the postoperative visual acuity in group A and group B increased 0.2±0.06, 0.3±0.07, respectively(P<0.01). All of them, intraocular pressure with 30 eyes were controlled in 9-23 mmHg, 3 eye was controlled by normal through adding in several kinds different IOP-lowering medicine. One eye was failure. Compared to preoperation, postoperative intraocular pressure of two groups were decreased by normal, which were 17.9±9.1 mmHg and 15.4±8.4mmHg, respectively(P<0.01). There was no significant difference between two groups for postoperative intraocular pressure.

CONCLUSION: The primary angle-closure glaucoma with persistent high intraocular pressure should be executed compound trabeculectomy decisively, even under high intraocular pressure, which prevent further damage and loss of visual function. As long as to fully consideration the preoperation, intraoperative careful operation, careful nursing, it is safety and effective to have compound trabeculectomy under the continuous high intraocular pressure for primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the significance of optical coherence tomography(OCT)and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)in patients with high myopia macular degeneration.

METHODS:A total of 62 cases(104 eyes)of high myopia macular degeneration patients with OCT and FFA data from Department of Ophthalmology in Jan. 2014 to Sep. 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS: Highly myopic macular degeneration patients with FFA type, OCT classification had significant correlation(r=0.599, P<0.001). Type of OCT in patients with high myopia macular degeneration, with BCVA, diopter, axial length, the thickness at the central fovea measured value difference has statistically significant(P<0.05). The higher OCT classification, the lower BCVA, the smaller center of foveal thickness and diopter value and the longer axial length in patients. In degrees of myopia macular degeneration patients with FFA type, the patients with BCVA, diopter, eye axis length determination of value differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Foveal thickness difference of no statistically significant(P>0.05). The higher FFA type, the smaller ametropia degree, BCVA values, the longer ocular axial length. FFA type patients with foveal thickness determination values were not statistically significant(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: High myopic macular degeneration patients with OCT and FFA results have a certain degree of correlation. However, it's benefit to combine both of them for further diagnosed and treatment of patients.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the clinical value of wide angle digital imaging system(RetCam Ⅱ)for the screening of retinopathy of premature infants(ROP).

METHODS: A total of 200 cases(400 eyes)in preterm children were selected Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2015 in line with obstetric screening criteria using RetCamⅡ ROP screening children for binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy results as the gold standard, RetCamⅡ for screening value of ROP in premature children.

RESULTS:The screening of 200 cases(400 eyes)in premature infants, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy were detected 63 eyes with ROP(15.8%), 337 normal eyes, 42 eyes with ROP phase I, 14 eyes with phase II, 7 eyes with phase III, no one with ROP phase IV and ROP phaseⅤ. A total of a 64 eyes with ROP were screened by RetCam II, which the misdiagnosis in 5 eyes, diagnostic level decreased in 6 eyes. The consistency of RetCam II detection results with binocular indirect ocular fundus examination results was 0.814, P<0.05. RetCamⅡfor screening children preterm children ROP lesion sensitivity of 93.7% and a specificity of 98.5%, missed diagnosis rate was 6.4%, misdiagnosis rate was 1.5%, 92.2% positive predictive value, negative predictive value of 98.8%.

CONCLUSION:RetCamⅡin preterm children ROP screening has high clinical value.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the clinical value of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and optical coherent tomography(OCT)in the diagnosis of central retinal vein occlusion.

METHODS: A total of 47 cases(47 eyes)central retinal vein occlusion were retrospectively analyzed from Jun. 2012 to Dec. 2015 in our hospital ophthalmology center. According to the final diagnosis, the results were divided into 21 cases of central retinal artery occlusion(group CRAO, 21 eyes)and central retinal vein occlusion(group CRVO, 26 eyes). All patients received FFA and OCT examination within 2wk of onset, and the image data of the two kinds of examination results were analyzed.

RESULTS: Group of patients with CRAO average macular foveola thickness, angle measuring, filling time determination results were significantly lower than that of the patients with CRVO group average and the differences were significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:FFA and OCT images of central retinal artery and vein occlusion have their own characteristics, and the combination of these two images can be used to identify and diagnose the central retinal artery and vein occlusion.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of surgery for spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse via bulbar conjunctiva under topical anesthesia.

METHODS: A total of 22 eyes of 11 patients received surgery for spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse via bulbar conjunctiva under topical anesthesia were included. Objective and subjective duration of the operation, degree of cooperation during surgery, postoperative recovery, recurrence and complications were observed.

RESULTS: In the process of surgery, patients without pain and being-cooperated were recorded in 17 eyes. The patients who occasionally felt slight pain, but within endurance after adding topical anesthesia once and the operation was completed successfully were recorded in 5 eyes(the second eye surgery). The operation was successfully completed in all the patients. Compared the coordination degree during surgery of GradeⅠ with GradeⅡ, the difference was statistically significant(t=-3.123, P<0.01). All eyes were healed well after operation.

CONCLUSION: The surgery for spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse via bulbar conjunctiva under topical anesthesia can ensure satisfactory anesthetic effect and get better quality of operation. It's a simple, safe and effective anesthesia method for spontaneous subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the clinical feature of 9 patients harboring mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)G11778A mutation with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON).

METHODS: Nine LHON patients were enrolled and followed-up between 2012 to 2015 in Shenzhen Eye Hospital, clinical data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS: Six cases had maternal inheritance history(67%). Three were sporadic cases. The patients aged from 9 to 43 years old, with average age of(22.00±9.42)years. Simultaneous onset with both eyes was in 5 cases(56%). Successively onset was in other 4 cases(44%). The ratio between male and female was 2:1. In the last follow-up, the visual acuity was finger counted in 2 eyes(11%), 0.01-0.1 in 12 eyes(67%), 0.12-0.4 in 2 eyes(11%), ≥0.4 in 2 eyes(11%). All patients had pale disc and clear boundary. In the Humphrey visual field examination, 10 eyes had typically cecocentral or paracentral scotoma, 8 eyes had diffuse visual field defect.

CONCLUSION: In the 9 LHON patients with mtDNA G11778A mutation, simultaneous onset cases were more than successively onset cases within 1y cases. In most cases, LHON patients kept stable visual acuity. Rare cases had a raise in visual acuity within 1y. Majority patients had typically cecocentral or paracentral visual field scotoma. In the last stage of LHON, visual field present diffused defect. The secondary affected eye was similar performed defect as the former one.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the serum antibody of aquaporin 4(AQP4-Ab)in positive expression rate and the significance in patients with neuritis.

METHODS: A total of 98 cases(128 eyes)of patients with optic neuritis were studied to detect the patient's serum AQP4-Ab positive rate of antinuclear antibodies(ANAs)from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2015 in ophthalmology center of our hospital. According to the expression of AQP4-Ab group, the best corrected visual acuity between the two groups, peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness(pRNFL), the volume of the macula, macular RNFL(mRNFL), macular core layer volume(mINL)measurement were compared.

RESULTS: Ninety-eight patients(128 eyes)with optic neuritis cases diagnosed through examination revealed AQP4-Ab positive in 22 patients(22%), negative in 76 patients(78%), ANAs positive in 21 patients(21%), negative 77 patients(79%). Optic neuritis patients with serum AQP4-Ab positive rate and ANAs positive significant correlation(r=0.707, P<0.05). After examination revealed AQP4-Ab patients and negative-positive patients with best corrected visual acuity difference was not statistically significance(P>0.05). After inspection found pRNFL, macular volume measured value AQP4-Ab positive patients were significantly less than the negative patients, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). AQP4-Ab positive patients and negative patients the mRNFL, mINL measured values were not significantly different(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:AQP4-Ab and ANAs expression in optic neuritis patients is a significant correlation. AQP4-Ab positive patients with optic neuritis pRNFL thinning of macular volume are decreased compared with negative patients.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the effect of preoperative intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab(IVR)in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).

METHODS:In this retrospective research, 62 patients(67 eyes)with PDR in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from Jun. 2014 to Jun. 2015 were recruited. They were assigned to an experimental group(n=37 eyes)and a control group(n=30 eyes). The patients in experimental group were given 1 injection of IVR(Lucentis 1.0mg/0.1mL)1wk before surgery, whereas those in control group went down to surgery directly. The average operation time, iatrogenic breaks, the use of tamponade, electric coagulation, and vision increase rate were comparatively analyzed between two groups.

RESULTS:The average operation time was(91.7±20.8)min in the experimental group vs(117.6±18.6)min in the PPV group(t=-5.314,P<0.05). The rate of electric coagulation(11%)vs(47%),(χ²=8.963, P=0.006); iatrogenic breaks(5%)vs(33%),(χ²=8.789, P=0.004)and silicone oil or inert gas tamponade(27.0%)vs(53.3%),(χ²=4.828, P=0.043). The rate of visual improvement(75.7%)vs(46.7%),(χ²=5.960, P=0.022). There was no severe complication associated with surgery, such as choroidal detachment, retinal detachment and endophthalmitis.

CONCLUSION:IVR before microincision vitrectomy can effectively shorten the operation time, reduce the use of electric coagulation and intraocular tamponade, and improve the rate of visual improvement for PDR patients.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the effectiveness of botulinus toxin of type A and complete resection of the periorbital muscle on idiopathic blepharospasm.

METHODS: Patients with idiopathic blepharospasm and having undergone either of two procedures from Dec. 2010 to Jun. 2015 were selected(60 patients). Among them, group A(30 patients, 60 eyes)underwent botulinus toxin of type A, group B(30 patients, 60 eyes)underwent complete resection of the periorbital muscle.

RESULTS: In group A, the patients with complete response, obvious response, partial response, and no response were 36(60.0%), 20(33.3%), 2(3.3%)and 2(3.3%)cases respectively. In group B, the patients with complete response, obvious response, partial response, and no response were 16(26.7%), 24(40.0), 12(20.0%)and 8(13.3%)cases respectively. The difference was statistically significant(Z=-2.968, P=0.003). The relapse rate of group A and group B were 93.3% and 20.0% after 6mo, the difference was statistically significant(χ²=32.851, P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: The botulinus toxin injection of type A is effective for idiopathic blepharospasm. But recurrence rate is high after 6mo. Complete resection of the periorbital muscle have long-term efficacy for idiopathic blepharospasm. It's a supplementary therapy after idiopathic blepharospasm recurrence.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the efficacy of 1g/L topical cyclosporine A(tCsA)in preventing the recurrence of pterygium after pterygium excision and conjunctival flap rotation technique.

METHODS: Fifty-eight patients(58 eyes)with primary pterygium were included in this prospective study. All eyes were operated with pterygium excision and conjunctival flap rotation technique, and divided into treatment and control group according to whether be treated with 1g/L tCsA eye drops after operation. The operated patients were followed up for 1y to assess the recurrence of pterygium.

RESULTS: After surgery, the difference between the tCsA treatment and control group were statistically significant in the Schirmer I test results(9.93±1.59mm/5min vs 8.47±1.53mm/5min, P<0.001). The Schirmer Ⅰ test results increased after tCsA treatment for patients assigned to the treatment group. The pterygium recurred in 3 of 28 eyes(10%)in the treatment group and 11 of 30 eyes(39%)in the control group(P=0.029).

CONCLUSION: tCsA eye drops are safe and effective for medical treatment to reduce rates of recurrence after pterygium surgery.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effect of fresh amniotic membrane transplantation(FAMT)in acute ocular chemical burns.

METHODS:A prospective study of 25 consecutive cases(36 eyes)with acute ocular chemical burns were treated with FAMT. The clinical efficacy was observed such as the time of amniotic membrane absorbed, corneal epithelialization & transparency, visual acuities and complications.

RESULTS: With follow-up ranged from 3 to 6mo, 31 eyes' amniotic membrane were dissolved in 2wk(86%). A total of 33 eyes showed corneal epithelialization in 4wk(92%), 3 eyes showed persistent corneal epithelial defects and need secondary limbal stem cell transplantation or corneal transplantation(8%). A total of 10 eyes showed superficial corneal vascularization(28%), 6 eyes' cornea were opacity in part(17%), and one eye was symblepharon(3%).

CONCLUSION: Early FAMT is an effective treatment in the management of acute ocular chemical burns to support epithelial healing, restore ocular surface integrity with potential to improve vision and reduce the incidence of complications. Furthermore, FAMT has advantages of easily obtain and convenient usage, which is suitable in local hospital of our country.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of minimally invasive conjunctivorhinostomy for complete bicanalicular obstruction, and to evaluate the advantages, complications, and degree of satisfaction after this technique.

METHODS: Twenty-two patients(22 eyes)with complete bicanalicular obstruction were selected as the research subjects, all patients were treated by minimally invasive conjunctivorhinostomy. The post-operation follow-up lasted for 3-27mo. Medical records were reviewed for demographic data, surgical time, length of the tubes, duration of follow-up, patency of the tube, postoperative complications, whether satisfied or dissatisfied with this procedure. Meanwhile, the data was analyzed for evaluating the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive conjunctivorhinostomy.

RESULTS: The overall operative success rate was 95%(21/22), and the overall patient satisfaction was 68%(15/22). The post-operation complications included: granulation tissue proliferation of the lower end of the tube 2 cases(9%), middle turbinate blocked the opening of tube 3 cases(14%), nasal mucosa covering the opening of tube 1 case(5%), the tube was blocked by secreta 5 cases(23%), foreign body sensation 10 cases(45%), dry eye 2 cases(9%), regurgitation of nasal secreta discharge 8 cases(36%).

CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive conjunctivorhinostomy can treat the complete bicanalicular obstruction. This operation method is characterized by simplicity, high success rate, short operative time, less tissue trauma, less complications, without facial scarring, and it is worth clinical promotion.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the operative effect and time effectiveness of the conventional surgery versus retrograde gas injection under nasal endoscope combined 5-Fluorouracil for lacrimal canalicular rupture.

METHODS: A total of 67 patients(67 eyes)with lower lacrimal canalicular rupture who received surgical treatment by Department of Ophthalmology in Qinhuangdao Haigang Hospital were consecutively recruited between Jan. 2009 and Dec. 2015. They were randomly divided into Group A or Group B. Group A(33 patients, 33 eyes)were treated by conventional surgery, and Group B(34 patients, 34 eyes)were treated by retrograde gas injection under nasal endoscope combined 5-Fluorouracil. Time for finding out the cute end of the lower lacrimal canaliculus and postoperative effect were recorded. Comparisons between the two groups were done with Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney Rank sum test.

RESULTS: Time for finding out the cute end of the lower lacrimal canaliculus of Group A was(44.42±10.66)min, and the time of Group B was(30.06±6.21)min. There was significant difference between the two groups(t=6.72, P<0.05). Lacrimal ducts flush was done at the 6mo after the survey, Group B had better effect than Group A, the difference between the two groups were significant(Z=2.47,P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional surgery, retrograde gas injection under nasal endoscope combined 5-Fluorouracil for lacrimal canalicular rupture can make the operation time shorter and has better effect.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity in cases of canalicular inflammation.

METHODS: Lacrimal sac secretion from 57 cases(57 eyes)with canalicular inflammation. used to do bacterial cultures and drug sensitivity tests. Grind open the sulfur particles from canaliculus for bacterial smear.

RESULTS: After squeeze canalicular, there are 56 sulfur granules from 57 patients. All of the Sulfur particles smears were found in actinomycetes. A total of 55 from 57 cases of lacrimal secretions for bacterial culture were positive, and 63 strains were cultured. The main pathogen are Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus viridans and pneumococcus. Drug susceptibility test results showed that: rifampicin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, and mezlocillin are sensitivity.

CONCLUSION: Actinomycetes were the main pathogens to canalicular inflammation, and most of the presence of co-infection with other bacteria. Rifampin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, and mezlocillin are sensitivity canalicular inflammation.

Abstract:AIM:To contrast analysis of postoperative variation of corneal posterior surface heights after Femtosecond LASIK(FS-LASIK)and small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)for high myopia.

METHODS: Sixty-seven cases of high myopic patients(132 eyes)operated with laser corneal refractive in our hospital from May to Dec. in 2015(-6.00D≤spherical equivalent degree≤-10.00D)were selected and divided into FS-LASIK group and SMILE group. The thickness of corneal flaps at FS-LASIK and the thickness of map at SMILE were designed to be 110μm. Corneal posterior surface heights were examined by Pentacam at preoperation, postoperative 3 and 6mo after FS-LASIK and SMILE operation. Surface height changes after preoperative, postoperative 3 and 6mo were compared by measuring Pentacam corneal analysis system.

RESULTS: Six months after operation, the FS-LASIK posterior corneal surface height was 6.47±1.65mm, significantly higher than 5.20±1.32mm before operation. SMILE posterior corneal surface height was 6.40±1.33mm, significantly higher than 5.18±1.25mm before operation, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Six month after surgery, two methods of corneal surface height variation obtained was 1.29±1.28mm and 1.22±0.89mm, there was no significant difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: After FS-LASIK and SMILE, the corneal posterior surface is protrusive. FS-LASIK is slightly obvious than SMILE in early period. The stability of the posterior surface is better after SMILE.