Abstract:AIM: To investigate therapeutic efficiency of amniotic extraction on dry eye in rabbit model induced by topical benzalkonium chloride(BAC).

METHODS: Totally 26 rabbits(26 right eyes)with dry eye model were studied and divided into two groups: group A(control group with PBS eye drops, n=13)and group B(amniotic extraction group, n=13). Another two rabbits were chosen as normal control.The Schirmer Ⅰ tests(SⅠt)and corneal fluorescein staining(FL)were made, and the tear total protein content, amylase activity, lactoferrin, lysozyme contents, goblet cell density were performed in two groups before treatment and 1, 2, 4 and 8 wk after treatment.

RESULTS: There were significant differences in SIT, FL scores, lysozyme activity and goblet cell density among different groups at different time points(P<0.05). But, there was no significant differences in SⅠt, FL scores, lysozyme activity and goblet cell density between two groups before treatment(P>0.05). After 8wks' treatment with PBS, the mean differences of the group A showed great changes in SⅠt, lysozyme and goblet cell density compared with those before treatment(P<0.05); but there was no significant differences in FL scores compared with those before treatment(P>0.05). As for group B, 8wks after treatment, there were statistical changes in SⅠt, FL, lysozyme(P<0.05); but there was no significant differences in goblet cell density compared with those before treatment(P>0.05). It was evident that statistical differences were observed in SⅠt, FL scores, lysozyme activity and goblet cell density between two groups at each time point(P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in total protein, lactoferrin, amylase activity at different time points(P>0.05). Meanwhile there was no significant differences in total protein, lactoferrin, amylase activity between two groups before treatment(P>0.05). But there were significant differences in total protein, lactoferrin, amylase activity between two groups after 4 and 8 wks' treatment(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Amniotic extraction has significant therapeutic effect on the dry eye in rabbit model.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the angiogenesis effect and protective mechanism of cordycepin on rhesus macaque choroid-retinal endothelial(RF/6A)cell line cultured in high glucose condition.

METHODS: Cultured RF/6A cells were divided into normal control group, high glucose group and high glucose(HG)+ different concentration cordycepin groups(HG+10μg/mL group, HG+50μg/mL group, HG+100μg/mL group). The cell proliferation was assessed using cholecystokinin octapeptide dye after treated for 48h. The cell migration was investigated by a Transwell assay. The tube formation was measured on Matrigel. Furthermore, the impact of cordycepin on high glucose-induced activation of VEGF and VEGF receptor 2(VEGFR-2)was tested by Western blot analysis.

RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, cell viability markedly increased in high glucose group(P<0.05). Cordycepin inhibited RF/6A cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion: 10.2±0.9%, 23.4±1.5% and 31.1±1.2% inhibition as the concentrations of cordycepin were 10, 50 and 100μg/mL, respectively. The difference had statistically significant(P<0.05)compared with high glucose group. The number of cell migration were 55.6±2.70, 87.4±2.40, 65.4±2.7, 57.8±2.38, 62.4±2.77 in normal control group, high glucose group and HG+10μg/mL group, HG+50μg/mL group, HG+100μg/mL group respectively. Migration of RF/6A conspicuously increased in high glucose group(P<0.05)compared with normal control group; while showing a gradually reducing trend with the increase of cordycepin dose and a statistically significant difference compared with high glucose group(P<0.05). The number of tube formation were 18.7±2.08, 25.7±1.52, 19.9±1.57, 16.3± 2.51, 5.67±1.72 in the abovementioned group. Similarly showing a gradually reducing trend with the increase of cordycepin dose and a statistically significant difference with high glucose group(P<0.05). In addition, the number of tube formation of RF/6A in high glucose group significant increased compared with normal control group(P<0.05). The expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2 dramaticlly increased in high glucose group vs normal control group, oppositely gradually decreased with the increase of cordycepin concentrations, and had a statistically significant difference vs high glucose group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Cordycepin can suppress the proliferation, migration and tubu formation of RF/6A in high glucose condition, might via inhibiting expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2.

Abstract:AIM: To study the effect of ginkgolide B on high glucose-induced human lens epithelial cell(HLEC)apoptosis.

METHODS: The high glucose-induced HLEC model was established. Different concentrations of ginkgolide B were intervened. Cell viability was assayed by MTT assay, morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by hochest33258 staining. Cell ultrastructural changes were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Expressions of apoptosis-related factors caspses-3 and caspase-9 were tested by colorimetric detection.

RESULTS: High glucose inhibited the activity of HLECs, induced apoptosis reaction of HLECs, caused high expression of apoptosis factors in cells; while ginkgolide B inhibited the decrease of cell viability induced by high glucose, decreased the HLEC apoptosis and reduced the expression of apoptosis factors Caspase-3 and Caspase-9.

CONCLUSION: Ginkgolide B may inhibit the expression of caspses-3 and caspase-9 then effectively inhibited high glucose-induced apoptosis in HLECs.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the efficiency and safety of torsional phacoemulsification with or without intelligent phacoemulsification(IP)software in hard nucleus cataract extraction.

METHODS: Ninety two eyes with Ⅳ-Ⅴgrades cataracts were enrolled in this randomized prospective study. Operated eyes were divided into two groups-those operated without IP software(non-IP group, n=43)and those operated using IP software(IP group, n=49). The two groups were compared in terms of ultrasound time(UST)and cumulative dissipated energy(CDE). Post-operative outcome measures included the corneal edema and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at 1,7d and 3mo postoperatively, corneal endothelial cell density and percentage of hexagonal cell at 7d and 3mo postoperatively.

RESULTS: UST was measured as 52.51±9.64s in non-IP Group and 48.79±7.13s in IP Group(P=0.030). CDE was 15.78±3.73% in non-IP Group and 14.29±2.77% in IP Group(P=0.026). At the first postoperative day, the rate of BCVA>0.1 in non-IP Group was 56%, and the rate in IP Group was 79%(P=0.066). Corneal edema in non-IP Group was 2.98±0.77 scores, and in IP Group it was 2.61±0.64 scores(P=0.021). At the postoperative 7 and 30d, the BCVA and corneal edema were no differences between two groups. At the postoperative 7d, corneal endothelial cell density in non-IP Group were 2497.95±211.48/mm², less than 2586.26±154.71/mm² in IP Group(P=0.029); percentage of hexagonal cell in IP group was 48.33±8.69%,higher than 44.19±9.48% of non-IP group(P=0.030).

CONCLUSION: In hard nucleus cataract extraction, the IP software can combine the advantages of the two kinds of ultrasonic modes, which is more effective with lower ultrasound energy and less injury for the corneal endothclium, and is helpful for the recovery of vision at early stage after surgeries.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Mingjing decoction combining with argon laser on the levels of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR).

METHODS:The 66 patients(118 eyes)with DR at Ⅲ～Ⅴ stage were randomly divided into two groups(treatment group and control group). The control group(33 patients with 56 eyes)was treated with argon laser, and the treatment group(33 patients with 62 eyes)was treated with mingjing decoction combining with argon laser, and a blank group(30 eyes)was set up. The levels of plasma VEGF were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The results of best corrected visual acuity and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)were analyzed, as well as detected glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c), blood coagulation function and the function of liver and kidney.

RESULTS:Patients with DR had significantly risen plasma VEGF before treatment when compared with blank control group(P<0.05). After 3mo of combined treatment, the levels of plasma VEGF significantly reduced and HbA1c decreased in patients treated with mingjing decoction and argon laser, there were statistically significant difference compared to control group(P<0.05). In the treatment group, the best corrected visual acuity and FFA were significantly improved in patients treated with mingjing decoction combining with argon laser compared to patients treated with argon laser alone after 3mo of combined treatment.

CONCLUSION:Mingjing decoction combining with argon laser for DR can effectively reduce the level of plasma VEGF, stabilize blood sugar levels, improve the function of retina, and delay DR progresses.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the optic nerve and axon impairment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis(RRMS)and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)via detecting the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)and the ganglion cell complex(GCC)thickness by optic coherence tomography(OCT).

METHODS: Retrospective case control study. Two hundred three cases were collected from August 2014 to January 2016 in Beijing Tian Tan Hospital. They were divided into four groups, including the normal group(n=60), the RRMS group(n=60), the NMOSD anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibody seropositive(NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive)group(n=48), and the NMOSD-AQP4-Abseronegative group(n=35). All people were detected for the average and four quadrants(superior, inferior, nasal, temporal)of pRNFL thickness and the average and two quadrants(superior, inferior)of GCC thickness with OCT. One way analysis of variance or nonparametric tests was used to compare the differences of pRNFL and GCC thickness between groups.

RESULTS: Comparing with the normal group, the average and all quadrants of pRNFL and GCC thickness in the RRMS, the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive and the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seronegative group were thinner(P<0.01). Among them, the pRNFL and GCC thickness in the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive group was the thinnest. Differences between groups in the pRNFL thickness: compared with the RRMS group, all quadrants of pRNFL and GCC thickness in the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive group were significantly thinner(P<0.01); compared with the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seronegative group, the inferior, nasal and temporal pRNFL thickness in the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive group were significantly thinner(P<0.05), while the superior quadrant did not show significant differences(P>0.05); compared with the RRMS group, the superior pRNFL thickness in the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seronegative group was significantly thinner(P<0.05), while the inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants did not show significant differences(P>0.05). Differences between groups in the GCC thickness: compared with both the RRMS and the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seronegative group, all quadrants of GCC thickness in the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive group were significantly thinner(P<0.05); compared with the RRMS group, the superior GCC thickness in the NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seronegative group was significantly thinner(P<0.01), while the inferior quadrant did not show significant difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The optic nerve and axon impairment in NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seropositive group was the most severe and the impairment in RRMS group was the least severe. The impairment in NMOSD-AQP4-Ab seronegative group was between the former two, and could be more similar to that of RMMS.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the direction and degree of static cyclotorsion component(SCC)and dynamic cyclotorsion component(DCC)in corneal refractive surgery.

METHODS:Retrospective analysis. Totally 130 patients(260 eyes)with corneal refractive surgery in our hospital, according to the operation method were divided into femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)group and T-photorefractive keratectomy(T-PRK)group, the differences of the parameters of the two groups were compared; the differences of SCC success rate, SCC, DCC, and the eyeball rotation direction were compared between the two groups; correlation analysis on SCC, DCC and the parameters of postoperative patients were performed.

RESULTS:High order aberrations and spherical aberration in the T-PRK group after operation was higher than those of FS-LASIK group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); in T-PRK group SCC in the operation was successful in 98 eyes, the success rate was 81.7%; in FS-LASIK group SCC in the operation was successful in 82 eyes, the success rate is 58.6%, the difference of SCC success rate between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05); SCC in T-PRK group was 3.52°±2.17° and FS-LASIK group was 3.49°±2.26°, there was no significant difference(P>0.05); DCC in T-PRK group(2.86°±1.14°)was higher than that of FS-LASIK group(2.17°±1.09°), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the direction of rotation of the eyeball in operation between the two groups(P>0.05). The SCC of subjects in operation was positively correlated with UCVA, BCVA, spherical equivalent refraction and high order aberrations(P<0.05); the DCC of subjects in operation was positively correlated with UCVA and high order aberrations(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:The success rate of SCC in T-PRK surgery is higher than that in LASIK, DCC in T-PRK surgery is higher than that in LASIK, and accurate measurement of SCC and DCC can be effective to compensate for it.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the main risk factors related to the incidence of endophthalmitis in patients after cataract surgery in China and to provide evidence for prevention.

METHODS: The results of 5 studies on the main risk factors of endophthalmitis in patients after cataract surgery were analyzed by Meta-analysis method.

RESULTS: The pooled odds ratio values and 95% CI of age(≥70), diabetes, vitreous overflow, operative time(≥10min), common operating room and control of using time of topical anesthetic were 1.81(95% CI: 1.43-1.69),3.66(95% CI: 1.64-8.16),2.21(95% CI: 1.46-3.32),3.54(95% CI: 2.47-5.06),2.77(95% CI: 2.07-3.72),2.09(95% CI: 1.53-2.86).

CONCLUSION: The main risk factors of endophthalmitis were the age(≥70), diabetes, vitreous overflow, operative time(≥10min), common operating room and control of using time of topical anesthetic.

Abstract:AIM: To systemically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of intraocular implants for vitreous retinal surgery.

METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search for studies reporting vitreous surgery with intraocular implants randomized controlled and a retrospective controlled clinical trials from China Hownet(CNKI), Wanfang database, and VIP literature database. Studies obtained from those database were filtered according to the criteria, and data were retrieved from eligible studies for further analysis. Then we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraocular implants using comprehensive Meta-analysis software version 2(Biostat, Englewood, NJ).

RESULTS: In total 36 studies were recruited for our Meta-analysis, including 5 092 cases. Meta analysis showed: 1)regarding the efficacy of repairing the retinal detachment, silicone oil was a better intraocular implants than C₃F₈(OR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.19-2.60, P=0.0047)and SF₆(OR= 4.68; 95% CI: 1.48-14.81, P=0.0087); 2)regarding the risk of postoperative cataract, silicone oil showed significant higher risk than BBS(OR=3.24; 95% CI: 2.10-4.99, P=1.09 e-7), and C₃F₈(OR=3.03; 95% CI: 1.50-6.10, P=0.0019); 3)regarding the risk of postoperative intraocular pressure, silicone oil showed significant higher risk than BBS(OR=6.74; 95% CI: 3.38-13.41, P=5.67 e-08), and C₃F₈ also showed a higher risk than BBS(OR=4.79; 95% CI: 2.37-9.68, P=1.29 e-05). In addition, silicone oil showed significant lower risk as compared with heavy silicone oil(OR=0.16; 95% CI: 0.08-0.53, P=0.0026).

CONCLUSION: The intraocular implants for the treatment of retinal detachment in vitreous retinal surgery are mainly divided into two major categories, liquid and gas implants. The silicone oil, a major liquid implant, shows higher efficacy in terms of treating retinal detachment than the gas implants. However, the silicone oil is associated with a higher risk of postoperative cataract and intraocular pressure as compared with gas implants.

Abstract:Myopia is one of the most popular eye diseases all over the world. The development of the current understanding of its mechanism is still limited. Many studies indicated that the growth factors closely related to eye development and myopia. Some growth factors with biological activity, such as transforming growth factor(TGF), fibroblast growth factor(FGF)and epidermal growth factor(EGF), have an impact on scleral thickness variation, the regulation of the development of myopia and so on, which plays a non-negligible role in the pathogenesis of myopia. In this paper, the function of various growth factors in myopia will be reviewed.

Abstract:Myopia is the most important cause of visual impairment in adolescents. However, its etiology is complex. In recent years, a large number of epidemiological studies have been done on risk factors of myopia. Most of these studies is cross-sectional study, not longitudinal cohort study. Overall, the incidence of myopia is the result of the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure. This review is about the risk factors for myopia.

Abstract:Electrophysiology examination is an important technique in studying amblyopia, which mainly includes electrooculography(EOG), electroretinography(ERG), visual evoked potential(VEP). This study does not only summarizes the definition, the mechanisms and the meaning of these indexes in the relevant research progress in recent years, but also makes a comment on the controversies among the relevant research conclusions.

Abstract:The corneal transparency is one of the important basic conditions for realizing normal physiological functions of visual organs. Also corneal endothelial cells are important conditions for maintaining normal corneal transparency. Therefore, only to ensure the morphology and physiological integrity of the corneal endothelial, can have normal vision. However, intraocular surgeries inevitably cause damage to corneal endothelial cells. This paper will review the effects of glaucoma surgery on corneal endothelial cells.

Abstract:Glaucoma is a progressive optic nerve disease, it can cause structural changes of the optic nerve, resulting in irreversible damage of visual function. Early diagnosis is the key to treat the disease at an early stage to stop or delay the progression of visual functional defects. New technologies, including optic nerve and nerve fiber layer structural tests and visual functional tests, increased the diagnosis rate of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)at an early stage.

Abstract:Idiopathic macular hole is a full-thickness defect of retinal tissue involving the anatomic fovea and affecting central visual acuity and quality of life in elder patients. Recent evidence showed that the alterations of choroidal blood flow and choroidal thickness are associated with the formation of macular holes. Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)enables in vivo measurement of choroidal thickness and may provide new insight into the understanding of pathogenesis of idiopathic macular hole. In this article, we reviewed current studies on the relationship between choroidal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography and the pathogenesis of idiopathic macular hole.

Abstract:Wide-angle viewing system as an important auxiliary device can clearly observe the whole fundus field of vision in vitreous surgery, which enable vitreoretinal surgery more efficient, safer and more effective. So it has very high application value in ophthalmologic operation. In this paper, we studied the development and application of wide-angle viewing system in vitreoretinal surgery in recent years, from which we summed up the advantage of non-contact wide-angle viewing system in clinical field, and pointed out the shortcomings. The ultimate goal is to make the non-contact wide-angle viewing system better applied in vitreous surgery.

Abstract:Myopia is one of the three main school public health problems in China, the prevalence of which has been showing a rising and low-aging tendency in the past few decades. High myopia can cause several vision-threatening problems such as degenerative retinal conditions, cataracts, retinal detachment, and choroidal neovascularization. Its related complications are the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness, adversely impacting the afflicted individual's quality of life. Therefore, the prevention and control of myopia have become a common concern of family, school and health department. The purpose of this review is to summarize the progression of a variety of intervention methods used to prevent and control childhood myopia in recent years.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the effect of intraocular lens(IOL)implantation on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with cataract.

METHODS: Fifty-eight cases(72 eyes)cataract patients with regular cornel astigmatism, in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2015 were randomly divided into two groups to undergo phacoemulsification and IOL implantation: the observation group: 29 cases(36 eyes)received multifocal toric IOL implantation; the control group: 29 cases(36 eyes)received monofocal toric IOL implantation. Uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity(UCNVA), best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), the best corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA), total eye astigmatism, and the dark contrast sensitivity were observed for these patients at 1 and 6mo after cataract surgery.

RESULTS: There were no statistical significant difference between the two groups at postoperative 1, 6mo on UCDVA, BCNVA, BCDVA and total eye astigmatism(P>0.05). UCNVA of observation group at 1 and 6mo were better than those of control group(P<0.05); there were statistically significant difference in high frequency comparison at the sixth postoperative months(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Both monofocal toric IOL implantation, and aspheric multifocal toric IOL implantation for cataract with regular corneal astigmatism are effective to improve visual acuity. But the latter treatment would contribute to the improvement of uncorrected near visual acuity and the dark contrast sensitivity.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of needle revision with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)on the dysfunctional filtering blebs after trabeculectomy and to assess the factors that may impact the success.

METHODS:Eighty-three eyes in 76 patients underwent the needle revision and 5-FU subconjunctive injection for the dysfunctional blebs after trabeculectomy and were followed up for 12mo. The intraocular pressure(IOP), the number of drugs, corneal endothclium, bleb morphology and complications were observed and recorded.

RESULTS:IOP decreased significantly from 35.3±5.8mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)of pre-needling to 17.0±4.3mmHg of post-needling(P<0.01); the average numbers of medications decreased significantly from 1.7±0.9 of pre-needing to 0.4±0.7 of post-needing(P<0.01). At 12mo after needling, the success rate of filtering blebs was 89.2% and the complete success rate was 69.9%.The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated mean survival period was 11.0mo(95%CI: 10.3-11.6). Statistically, there were no significant difference on needling effect with reference to the types of glaucoma, the use of mitomycin C(MMC)during the previous filtration surgery, the ages of patients, the intervals of needling operation from previous trabeculectomy, while there were significant difference on needling effect with reference to bleb appearance before needling, and the mean number of needling in patients that had surgery within 3mo were less than those who had surgery for more than 3mo.

CONCLUSION: The needle revision combined with 5-FU is a safe, effective and simple method. Dysfunctional blebs should be treated early after trabeculectomy.

Abstract:AIM: To observe clinical efficacy of the intravitreal injection of conbercept treatment for exudative age-related macular degeneration.

METHODS:Prospective study. Totally 112 senile patients(112 eyes)with exudative macular degeneration were randomly divided into study group and the control group, 56 cases in each group. The study group were treated with intravitreal injection of conbercept. The control group received conservative treatment. Uncorrected visual acuity and foveal retinal thickness were observed before and after treatment in the two groups.

RESULTS: Visual acuity of study group improved significantly, and the most obvious improvement was observed at 6mo after treatment. Foveal retinal thickness of study group was reduced after treatment, and the most obvious decrease was observed at 6mo after treatment.

CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of conbercept can improve visual acuity reduced foveal thickness in senile patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the changes of serum angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)in Mongolia patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR)and to explore their roles in the progress of DR.

METHODS: Eighty-three patients with diabetes were divided into three groups according to the retinopathy, no DR group(NDR, 25 cases), background DR(NPDR, 31 cases)and proliferative DR group(PDR, 27 cases), and 36 age-matched healthy people(control group)were selected. Serum concentrations of VEGF and bFGF were measured using ELISA method.

RESULTS:In Mongolia patients with diabetes, the serum concentrations of VEGF and bFGF were higher than those in control group; the serum concentrations of VEGF and bFGF in PDR group was higher than those of NDR and NPDR group(P<0.05); the concentrations of VEGF and bFGF in NPDR group was higher than that of NDR group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: High level of VEGF and bFGF may be the important pathogenic factors for DR in Mongolia patients.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the value of pattern visual evoked potential(PVEP)and flash electroretinogram(FERG)in early diagnosis and prevention of diabetic retinopathy(DR), analyzing the correlation of early stage DR with PVEP and FERG.

METHODS:Sixty patients, 30 males and 30 females, participated in observation group. Their average age was 19.42±7.78years. The duration of DM was <5a. Best corrected visual acuity was 5.0. Fasting blood glucose was 7.8±3.6mmol/L. There were 60 subjects, 30 males and 30 females, in control group. Their average age was 17.2±6.52years. Best corrected visual acuity was 5.0. Every participator was tested with PVEP and FERG according to ISCVE standard. The amplitude of PVEP and P100 latency were recorded. And the b-wave latency, b-wave amplitude, a-wave latency, a-wave amplitude were showed down.

RESULTS:In observation group, P100 amplitude decreased and P100 latency increased, compared to those of control group(P<0.01); b-wave latency, b-wave amplitude, a-wave latency, a-wave amplitude were different from those in control group(P<0.01); the fasting blood glucose kept stable; P100 amplitude, b-wave amplitude and a-wave amplitude were not related to the DM duration; P100 latency, a-wave latency and b-wave latency were related to the DM duration.

CONCLUSION: PVEP are sensitive to optic neuron damage; FERG is desirable to detect the lesion of Müller cells and bipolar cells. P100 amplitude by PVEP, b-wave amplitude by FERG may be the most sensitive parameter for DR at early stage.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the effect of flavored Siwu granules in the clinical adjuvant treatment for phlegm and blood stasis mutual junction retinal vein occlusion.

METHODS: Sixty patients(60 eyes)were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, both with retinal laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide, but the treatment group used flavored siwu granules. Vision, fundus change, fundus fluorescein angiography, clinical syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), hemorheology examination and safety assessment were evaluated before and 8wk after treatment.

RESULTS: At 8wk after treatment, there were differences on vision improvement, retinal circulation time, whole blood low shear viscosity and total efficient rate of clinical syndrome of TCM, compared with control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Flavored siwu granules adjuvant for phlegm and blood stasis mutual junction retinal vein occlusion can improve visual acuity and reduce the eye complications.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect and safety of improved extra panretinal photocoagulation(E-PRP)in the treatment of high risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy(hsPDR).

METHODS: A total of 88 consecutive cases(102 eyes)with hsPDR were diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)from February 2011 to December 2014 in our hospital. Fifty two eyes had been treated by improved E-PRP with 532nm frequency-doubled laser. Fifty eyes had been treated by standard PRP. All cases were checked by FFA and fundus photocoagulation every 3mo. Patients with persisting neovascularization or non perfusion area were treated with laser again. All cases were followed up 6-36mo.

RESULTS: The postoperative visual acuity had no statistical difference between two groups(P>0.05). In improved E-PRP group, retinal non perfusion area and neovascularization disappeared in 35 eyes(67%). Effective rate was 88%. Six eyes(12%)underwent pars plana vitrectomy because of vitreous hemorrhage, fiberosis and stretched retinal detachment. In standard PRP group, retinal nonperfusion area and neovascularization disappeared in 23 eyes(46%). Effective rate was 66%. Seventeen eyes(34%)underwent pars plana vitrectomy because of anterior retina bleeding or vitreous hemorrhage.The rate of neovascularization disappeared and effective rate had statistical difference between two groups(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: It is a safe and effective methods to treat hsPDR by improved E-PRP and it was more effective than traditional PRP.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the clinical efficacy and complications of titanium mini plate internal fixation and reconstructive surgery for patients with orbital fracture.

METHODS: Fifty-seven cases(60 eyes)with orbital fracture from March 2013 to April 2014 in our hospital were researched. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into observation group(29 cases with 30 eyes)and control group(28 cases with 30 eyes). The control group was treated with hydroxyapatite artificial bone plate for internal fixation, and the observation group with titanium mini plate internal fixation and reconstructive surgery. The diplopia grading, grading of ocular movement disorder before and at 1, 3mo after treatment and postoperative complications(prolapse, dislocation, infection)were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: In both group, all the 60 eyes were healed without scar formation. The rate of diplopia grading as grade 0 1mo postoperatively of observation group and the control groups were 63% and 40%(P<0.05); diplopia grading 3mo postoperatively and the eye movement barrier obstructs 1 and 3mo postoperatively of observation group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05). The adverse reaction rate of observation group and control group were 3% and 20%(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The clinical curative effect of titanium mini plate internal fixation and reconstructive surgery has a good effect for orbital fractures, which can improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of vitamin B₁₂ eye drops for vision fatigue caused by visual display terminals(VDT).

METHODS: Totally 50 patients(100 eyes)with vision fatigue caused by VDT were averagely divided into two groups. The control group were treated with normal saline,the treatment group were treated with vitamin B₁₂ eye drops,3 times per day, one drop each time, continuous for 60d. Accommodative parameters and Schirmer Ⅰtest were measured and analyzed before and after treatment.

RESULTS:After treatment, the results of Schirmer Ⅰtest, accommodative amplitude and accommodative facility of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group(all P<0.05).And the results of accommodation lag of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Vitamin B₁₂ eye drops can lessen symptoms of dry eye, improve accommodative function and treat vision fatigue caused by VDT.

Abstract:AIM: To measure the macular structure of amblyopia eyes and non-amblyopia eyes in children with monocular hyperopic amblyopia and in normal children by optical coherence tomography(OCT).

METHODS: Fifty-six children with monocular hyperopic amblyopia and 75 normal children were selected. The macular retinal thickness and the macular retinal volume were measured by OCT. Data was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS: The thinnest part of retina was at the center retina, and the thickest part was the inner ring, while the outer ring was thinner than the inner ring in the amblyopia eyes group. Among the four quadrants of the inner ring, the thickest quadrant was the nasal quadrant(335.58±17.42μm),and the thinner part was superior quadrant(326.42±15.36μm), the next was the inferior quadrant,the thinnest part was the temporal quadrant. The trend of outer ring was the same as the inner ring. The quadrant differences of non-amblyopia eyes and normal eyes were same with amblyopia eyes. The center 1mm of macula, nasal quadrant and superior quadrant retinal thickness of inner ring were thicker in amblyopia eyes group than that in non-amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group(P<0.05). The nasal quadrant and superior quadrant retinal thickness of outer ring were also thicker in amblyopia eyes group than that in non-amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group, but there was no statistical difference between them(P>0. 05). The other quadrant retinal thickness was not different in amblyopia eyes group, non- amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group(P>0.05). In amblyopia eyes group, non- amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group, the smallest retinal volume was macular retinal volume, the biggest volume was nasal retinal volume of inner ring, then was superior retinal volume and inferior retinal volume,the smallest was temporal retinal volume. The change of retinal volume in outer ring was same as inner ring. The difference of central 1mm macular retinal volume, nasal quadrant and superior quadrant retinal thickness of inner ring in amblyopia eyes group was statistically significant compared with non-amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group(P<0. 05).The other quadrant retinal volume in mblyopia eyes group, non-amblyopia eyes group and normal eyes group were not statistical different between them(P>0. 05).

CONCLUSION: OCT can accurately measure macular retinal structure, the difference of macular retinal structure between amblyopia eyes, non-amblyopia eye and normal eyes may be associated with the peripheral mechanism of amblyopia.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness and peripapillary topographic map's parameters between amblyopic eyes and non-amblyopic eyes in adolescent with anisometropic amblyopia by optical coherence tomography(OCT).

METHODS: Thirty-four juveniles with anisometropic amblyopia were selected. Peripapillary RNFL thickness and peripapillary topographic map were measured by frequency domain OCT with both eyes in all participants, and the differences between amblyopic eyes and non-amblyopic eyes were compared.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference in average thickness of peripapillary RNFL and in any other region of peripapillary RNFL. The disc area in amblyopic eyes was bigger than that in non-amblyopic eyes(t=2.8054,P=0.0263). The disc area in amblyopic eyes were significantly related to the thickness of nasal RNFL and the rim area(r=0.7592,0.7501; P=0.0289,0.0321).

CONCLUSION: There existed some difference in peripapillary structure between amblyopic eyes and non-amblyopic eyes in adolescent with anisometropic amblyopia.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the application and effect of questionnaire based on professional knowledge method combined with problem-based learning(PBL)in ophthalmology short-term teaching.

METHODS: Ninety non ophthalmic students of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January to August 2015 were randomly divided into observation group(45 students)and control group(45 students). Observation group: using questionnaire based on professional knowledge method combined with PBL teaching method; the control group: using traditional teaching method.

RESULTS: The survey results showed that: non ophthalmic students were unfamiliar with eye diseases knowledge; there was no significant difference in the clinical operation examination between the 2 groups(P>0.05). There were significant differences in the eye disease knowledge, eye disease knowledge related to their own major and the total score between the 2 groups(P<0.05), especially students in the observation group had higher scores of eye disease knowledge related to their own major. There was no significant difference in the rate of improvement of learning pressure between the 2 groups(P>0.05), the differences of improvement rate on other problems between 2 groups was statistically significant(P<0.05), and the improvement rate was higher in the observation group.

CONCLUSION: Questionnaire based on professional knowledge combined with PBL teaching method can effectively improve the learning effect in ophthalmology teaching.

Abstract:AIM: To report a two-year's results of iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial corneal cross-linking(I-CXL)for progressive keratoconus.

METHODS: Thirty-four eyes in 24 patients with progressive keratoconus(mean age 21.0±5.6 years; range: 14-32 years)were treated. After 1g/L riboflavin-distilled water solution was administered by iontophoresis-assited(current 1mA)transepithelial method for 5min in total, standard surface UVA irradiation(370nm, 3mW/cm²)was performed at a 1-cm distance for 30min. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)measured as LogMAR number, corneal refractive astigmatism, K1, K2, Kmean, Kmax, intraocular pressure, endothelial cell density, the thickness at corneal apex and the thinnest point were measured preoperatively and 2a postoperatively.

RESULTS:At 2a after the procedure, BCVA(LogMAR)improved from 0.32±0.25 to 0.25±0.19(t=2.849, P=0.015). K1 decreased from 47.12±4.33 to 46.06±4.77(t=2.652, P=0.015). K2 decreased from 51.36±5.59 to 50.40±6.16(t=2.121, P=0.047). Kmean decreased from 49.12±4.76 to 48.10±5.25(t=2.663, P=0.015). Kmax decreased from 57.57±8.30 to 55.91±8.14(t=2.398, P=0.026). The corneal apex thickness decreased from 476.90±38.71μm to 454.43±40.86μm(t=2.853, P=0.010). The thinnest thickness decreased from 464.38±39.92μm to 433.86±50.78μm(t=3.485, P=0.002). Corneal refractive astigmatism, intraocular pressure and endothelial cell density did not show significant changes.

CONCLUSION: I-CXL for progressive keratoconus is safe and effective which can prevent deterioration of progressive keratoconus within 2a, but further long-term studies are necessary still.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the clinical value of femtosecond laser in vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.

METHODS:We selected 100 patients(102 eyes)undergoing vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in our hospital from October 31 2013 to October 31 2015. They were divided into routine operation group, 50 cases(52 eyes), and femtosecond laser group, 50 cases(50 eyes). The parameters were compared between the two groups, including total operation time, postoperative complications(elevated intraocular pressure, uveitis, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal detachment), postoperative intraocular pressure and postoperative half of the visual acuity(near visual acuity, visual acuity, uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity).

RESULTS: The difference on total operation time of the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). The differences between the two groups on postoperative intraocular pressure, uveitis, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment were not statistically significant(P>0.05). There were no significant differences on internal pressure, near visual acuity, far visual acuity, uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity at 6mo after surgery(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser in vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation has a high safety and efficacy with the advantages as accurate, efficient.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the effect factors of trabeculectomy combined with intraoperative application of mitomycin C in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma.

METHODS: Fifty patients(50 eyes)with neovascular glaucoma collected from January 2013 to August 2015 in our hospital were treated by trabeculectomy combined with intraoperative application of mitomycin C. Single factor and multi factor variables analysis were used for effect factors of trabeculectomy combined with intraoperative application of mitomycin C in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma.

RESULTS: By results of single factor variable analysis, <50 years old, preoperative intraocular pressure(IOP)was ≥45mmHg and postoperative occurrence of anterior chamber hemorrhage were risk factors for treatment failure(P<0.05), and gender, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and previous cataract surgery and prior photocoagulation were not the risk factors for failure(P>0.05). By multivariate analysis, <50 years old and postoperative occurrence of anterior chamber hemorrhage were risk factors for treatment failure(P<0.05), and preoperative IOP≥45mmHg was not a risk factor(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: For patients<50 years old with neovascular glaucoma, should be careful on the selection of surgical treatment. For high-risk patients, we should strengthen the monitoring and give timely intervention, which are helpful to improve the prognosis.

Abstract:AIM: To compared therapeutic effect of compound trabeculectomy in treatment of angle-closure and open angle glaucoma.

METHODS: A total of 136 patients(136 eyes)with glaucoma from July 2014 to July 2015 were divided into angle-closure glaucoma(ACG)group with 72 cases(72 eyes)and open angle glaucoma(OAG)group with 64 cases(64 eyes). All the patients were given compound trabeculectomy. The intraocular pressure, shallow anterior chamber, functional follicular and complications were compared between two groups after operation.

RESULTS: The intraocular pressure of all patients were significantly decreased at 1 and 3mo after surgery. The intraocular pressure of ACG group were significantly lower than that of OAG group(t=11.037, 12.660, P<0.05). The intraocular pressure control rate of ACG group(98.6%)was significantly higher than that of OAG group(89.1%)(χ²=5.580, P<0.05)at 3mo after surgery. The shallow anterior chamber total incidence of ACG group was 11.1%. It was significantly lower than OAG group(25.0%)(χ²=4.497, P<0.05). The functional follicular formation rate of ACG group was 62.5%. It was significantly higher than OAG group(43.5%)(χ²=4.035, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant on complications between two groups(5.6% vs 7.8%, P=0.475).

CONCLUSION: Compound trabeculectomy can reduce intraocular pressure of ACG and OAG patients safely. The results in ACG patients is better than that in OAG patients.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation for refractory glaucoma after sequential failed trabeculectomy.

METHODS: Thirty-six patients(36 eyes)with prior failed sequential trabeculectomy who underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation were included. The intraocular pressure(IOP), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and complications were ovserved and all the patients were followed up at least for 12mo.

RESULTS: Mean preoperative IOP was 35.20±7.28mmHg and reduced to 10.15±3.34, 11.23±3.56, 15.63±5.72, 17.17±5.47, 17.73±6.23,19.76±5.43mmHg at 1, 2wk, 1, 3, 6 and 12mo after surgery, which was significant different from the preoperative level(t=12.643, 11.837, 10.324, 8.839, 8.462, 8.046, all P<0.05). Visual acuity was not significantly different between pre-operation and 12mo post-operation(Z=-0.420, P>0.05). At 12mo after operation, the complete success rate reached 78% and the conditional success rate reached 92%. There were 5 eyes complicated with shallow anterior chamber, 3 eye complicated with anterior chamber hemorrhage, which all recovered after additional treatments. Late complications included valve exposure and encapsulated cystic blebs around the plate. Severe corneal endothelium loss occurred in 1 patient.

CONCLUSION: Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation is effective in reducing IOP at 1-year follow-up in refractory glaucoma patients with prior sequential failed trabeculectomy, but we should fully understand and attach great importance to all kinds of complications that may occur.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the clinical effect of Ex-press glaucoma filtration device implantation under scleral flap for traumatic glaucoma.

METHODS: Totally 19 eyes of 19 patients with traumatic glaucoma were implanted with Ex-press glaucoma filtration device under the scleral flap from December 2012 to May 2013. The postoperative visual acuity, anterior chamber depth and hyphema,intraocular pressure(IOP), filtering bleb and other complications were observed and summarized.

RESULTS: Ex-press glaucoma filtration device were implanted successfully in 19 patients. At 1d postoperatively shallow anterior chamber was occurred in 2 eyes and hyphema was occurred in 3 eyes. At 3mo postoperatively increased vision was occurred in 9 eyes(47%),functional filtering bleb was occurred in 18 eyes(95%),and IOP was 12.1±6.1mmHg. At 6mo postoperatively increased vision was occurred in 11 eyes(58%),functional filtering bleb was occurred in 18 eyes(95%),and IOP was 13.3±6.9mmHg.Compared with the preoperative IOP(29.8±6.7mmHg),the difference was significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Ex-press glaucoma filtration device implantationfor traumatic glaucoma can improve the postoperative vision and control the postoperative IOP stably with fewer complications and high safety.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the clinical effects of intravitreal Bevacizumab for 26 cases with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)in Zone Ⅰ.

METHODS:A retrospective study. Totally 26 ROP infants between September 2013 and October 2014 diagnosed as high-risk ROP in Zone Ⅰ had been treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. They were divided into three groups, pre-threshold ROP, threshold ROP and acute posterior ROP(APROP). Postoperative effects were compared.

RESULTS:There were 26 infants(52 eyes)diagnosed as ROP in Zone Ⅰ, including 3 infants( 6 eyes)with pre-threshold ROP, 15 infants(30 eyes)with threshold ROP and 8 infants(16 eyes)with APROP. The first operation recovery rate of three groups respectively were 100%(6/6), 60%(18/30)and 75%(12/16), which were not significantly different(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:Intravitreal bevacizumab for ROP in Zone Ⅰ seems effective and has some advantages over conventional laser treatment, which could be first line treatment for high-risk ROP in Zone Ⅰ.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate clinical efficacy of two drug therapies(acyclovir with prednisone acetate tablets, ganciclovir with prednisone acetate tablets and aspirin)for acute retinal necrosis syndrome.

METHODS: Thirty patients(40 eyes)with acute retinal necrosis syndrome in our hospital were randomly divided into group A and B. Group A was treated with acyclovir with prednisone acetate tablets, and group B was given ganciclovir with prednisone acetate tablets and aspirin. Clinical effects in the two groups were observed and compared.

RESULTS: After treatment, the overall response rate in group B(90%)was obviously higher than that in group A(70%), both of two regimens were effective, without significant difference(P>0.05). There was no significant difference on the pre-treatment visual acuity between the two groups(P>0.05). After different treatments, the visual acuity in group B was ≥0.5 in 12 eyes, 0.1≤and<0.5 in 4 eyes, 0.02≤and<0.1 in 3 eyes, and no photosensitive in 1 eye. The visual acuity in group A was ≥0.5 in 9 eyes, 0.1≤and<0.5 in 3 eyes, 0.02≤and<0.1 in 6 eyes, and no photosensitive in 2 eyes. The recovery of visual acuity in group B was obviously better than that in A group(P<0.05). The incidence of complications such as retinal tear, herpes, mouth ulcers, chickenpox, viral encephalitis and central nervous system diseases in group B(10%)was significantly lower than that in A group(35%,P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Two drug therapies(acyclovir with prednisone acetate tablets, ganciclovir with prednisone acetate tablets and aspirin)both have positive therapeutic effect, but the latter can better restore visual acuity and decrease the complications.

Abstract:AIM: To study the efficacy and safety of Ultra Q-YAG vitreolysis for vitreous floaters.

METHODS: Retrospective case series study. From September 2014 to May 2015 in Beijing Aier-Intech Eye Hospital, 263 cases(340 eyes)with vitreous floaters were involved. All patients underwent visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp, mydriatic fundus, B ultrasonic examination, and recorded the form of a vitreous opacity excluded pathological fundus lesions. All the patients were divided into two groups: Group A(<30 years old)78 cases(82 eyes); the morphology of vitreous opacity were dot, filiform and mesh. Group B(>45 years old), 185 cases(258 eyes), the morphology of vitreous opacity was Weiss ring, translucent flocculent clouds or dense fibrous membrane. Patients in 30-45 years old were eliminated because of the untypical opacity factor. The treatment was done by the same physician. Vision changes was analyzed before and after the treatment.

RESULTS: Questionnaire survey was done. According to the scores of the questionnaires, patients were divided into 3 groups: no improvement(1-2 points), partial improvement(3-5 points), significant improvement(6-10 points). At 1mo after treatment, Group A: no improvement in 9 eyes(11.0%), partial improvement in 57 eyes(69.5%)and significant improvement in 16 eyes(19.5%); Group B: no improvement in 0 eyes, partial improvement in 23 eyes(8.9%)and significant improvement in 235 eyes(91.1%); all the patients had no complications.

CONCLUSION: The treatment with YAG vitreolysis for vitreous floaters is safe and effective, especially for the patients more than 45 years old whose vitreous floaters caused by posterior vitreous detachment.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the safety and efficacy of conjunctival autograft transplant(CAT)and limbal-conjunctival autograft transplant(LCAT)for primary pterygium.

METHODS: In this prospective, randomized and controlled clinical study, 120 patients(120 eyes)diagnosed with primary pterygium were collected in NO.474 Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2014 to January 2015. The 120 patients enrolled in the study in turn, and divided into two group by the odd and even number. The odd number underwent CAT and the even number underwent LCAT.

RESULTS:One hundred and seven patients(107 eyes)completed the follow-up of 1a, including 54 patients(54 eyes)from the CAT group and 53 patients(53 eyes)from the LCAT group. Four patients(4 eyes, recurrence rate 7.4%)in the CAT group and 2 patients(2 eyes, recurrence rate 3.8%)in the LCAT group developed recurrence. However, there were no significant in recurrence rate between CAT group and LCAT group(P=0.678).

CONCLUSION:CAT and LCAT might be both effective treatment for primary pterygium for reducing the recurrence rate of pterygium. However, LCAT is the optimal surgical method for primary pterygium.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the effects of different phacoemulsification incision for tear film stability in cataract patients.

METHODS: From January 2014 to September 2015, 108 patients(144 eyes)who underwent cataract surgery were divided into two groups: group A with clear corneal incision(52 cases with 74 eyes), group B with scleral tunnel incision(56 cases with 70 eye). Two groups of patients were taken the same incision width. Symptoms of dry eye and tear film break-up time(BUT)were observed 1d before and 1d, 1, 3wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively.

RESULTS: After performing cataract phacoemulsification 1d, 1wk, symptoms score of dry eye of group A was less than that of group B, the difference was statistically significant(t=-6.199, -2.871, P<0.01), while at other times after operation there were no significant differences(t=-1.639, -0.829, -0.301, P>0.05); at postoperative 1d, 1 and 3wk, BUT of group B was better than those of group A, there were a statistically significant differences(t=-3.718, -2.342, -2.506, P<0.05), there were no significant differences at other the time after operation(t=-0.882,1.225, P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The difference on effect of two different incision on the tear film stability only last a short time, which disappeared at 1mo after operation. The clear corneal incision has stronger impacts on tear film stability than scleral tunnel incision, while with a lower score on symptoms of dry eye.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effect of lacrimal duct laser with lacrimal drainage tubes and stents implantation for complexity dacryagogatresia.

METHODS:There were 65 patients(82 eyes)with compound tears nasolacrimal duct obstruction who received lacrimal drainage tubes and stents implantation after laser. The lacrimal duct stents were removed through nasal cavity after 1mo. Lacrimal drainage tubes were removed after 3-6mo. Follow-up periods were 6mo to 1a.

RESULTS: In the 65 patients(82 eyes), 71 eyes were cured, 5 eyes improved, the efficient rate was 93%; there were 6 eyes(7%)with epiphora.

CONCLUSION: Lacrimal duct laser with lacrimal drainage tubes and stents implantation was efficient for complexity dacryagogatresia.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the effect of intravenous methylprednisolone combined with peri-orbital injection of triamcinolone acetonide for diffuse-type orbital inflammatory pseudotumor.

METHODS: Diffuse-type orbital inflammatory pseudotumor in 15 cases(19 eyes)were treated. Intravenous implosive methylprednisolone therapy(0.5g/d)was used in the first 3d, and 0.5g once a week in the following 3wk, ended by 0.25g once a week in the last 6wk, which meant the total dose was 4.5g and the whole course lasted for 10wk. At the same time, peri-orbital injection of triamcinolone acetonide(40mg)was performed once in every 3wk, totally 2-4 times.

RESULTS: Eight eyes from 7 cases were completely cured, 11 eyes from 8 cases were partly cured. No recurrence and severe complications were observed in the treatment duration.

CONCLUSION: Intravenous methylprednisolone combined with peri-orbital injection of triamcinolone acetonide is effective, safe and feasible in treatment of diffuse type orbital pseudotumor with less complications.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the effect of compound anisodine injection combined with yi-qi-tong-luo acupuncture, hot compress and massage for blepharospasm.

METHODS: Selected in our hospital, 60 cases(78 eyes)with blepharospasm were randomly divided into two groups, 30 cases 39 eyes in each group. The observation group were treated with compound anisodine injection combined with yi-qi-tong-luo acupuncture treatment, and supplemented by hot compress and massage, while the control group only with compound anisodine injection. We compared the treatment effect of the two groups.

RESULTS: In the observation group, 38 eyes were clinically effective, 1 eye was invalid, 35 eyes marked, the total effective rate was 97%, the markedly effective rate was 90%; in control group, 32 eyes were the clinically effective, 7 eyes invalid, 23 eyes marked, the total effective rate was 82%, the markedly effective rate was 59%; the total effective rate and markedly effective rate of observation group were higher than those of the control group with statistical difference(P<0.05). The recurrence rates of the two groups were 5% and 34%, respectively, and the recurrence rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The compound anisodine injection combined with yi-qi-tong-luo acupuncture, hot compress and massage for blepharospasm, can significantly improve the efficiency of treatment, with higher effective rate and lower recurrence rate, compared with using compound anisodine alone.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)and analysis software for intra-ocular tumor diagnosis.

METHODS:Retrospective analysis for 90 cases(90 eyes)with intra-ocular tumor with CEUS examination, and all cases were confirmed by pathology after surgery or clinical comprehensive diagnosis and follow-up.

RESULTS:Choroidal hemangioma, choroidal melanoma, choroidal metastatic carcinoma had obvious different CEUS enhancement pattern, quantitative analysis indexes of those tumors by imaging analysis software were significantly different(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:The CEUS can provide quantitative analysis for intra-ocular tumor with preferable clinical application value.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the clinical safety and effectiveness of the two kind of bandage contact lenses: Senofilcon A(Johnson & Johnson Acuvue Oasys)and Balafilcon A(Bausch& Lomb pure vision)after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy(LASEK).

METHODS: Thirty-eight patients(76 eyes)who had undergone the LASEK were divided into two groups. One group of patients wore Balafilcon A, the other group of patients fitted with Senofilcon A. The lenses were worn continuously for 7d. This was a seven-day experience and the patients scored for the symptom of the eyes(sore eyes, foreign body sensation and tearing)on the third day and the seventh day. Both of the two groups of patients taken off the soft contact lens on the seventh day and let their vision and corneal staining checked.

RESULTS: The symptoms of eye sore and tearing of the two groups patients were different. The patients who wore the Senofilcon A were better. The pain of eyes were also different at 3 and 7d after surgeries(Z=-4.146, P=0.000; Z=-2.814, P=0.005). The difference on tearing between the two groups at 3 and 7d after surgeries were significant(Z=-2.309, P=0.021; Z=-3.276, P=0.001). There was no difference on sensation of dryness between the two groups at 3 and 7d after surgeries(Z=-0.447, P=0.655; Z=-0.966, P=0.334). After the lenses were taken off, the visual acuity of patients wearing Senofilcon A was better(t=3.800, P=0.001); corneal staining showed limited spots in 1-2 quadrants with significant difference(Z=-2.384,P=0.017).

CONCLUSION: The Senofilcon A(Johnson & Johnson Acuvue Oasys)and Balafilcon A(Bausch& Lomb pure vision)bandage contact lenses are safe and effective after LASEK, and the former is better than the latter in epithelial regeneration.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the surgical methods of Helveston syndrome.

METHODS: Fifteen cases(30 eyes)with Helveston syndrome were studied. Surgical method was selected according to the degree of superior oblique muscle overaction and dissociated vertical deviation(DVD).

RESULTS: Binocular superior oblique intrathecal tenectomy was performed in 8 patients(16 eyes). Follow-up period after surgery was 1-3a. Those 8 patients got A-sign correction, of which 3 patients(6 eyes)got DVD vanished and 5 patients(10 eyes)got DVD alleviation. None of the 8 cases needed another operation for DVD. Binocular superior rectus recession and binocular lateral rectus recession with vertical offsets was performed in 4 patients(8 eyes). Follow-up period after surgery was 1-3a. The 4 patients got A sign correction and with orthophoria, of which 1 patient(2 eyes)got DVD vanished and 3 patients(6 eyes)got DVD alleviation. None of the 4 cases needed another operation for DVD. Binocular lateral rectus recession and vertical offsets was performed in 3 patients(6 eyes). Follow-up period after surgery was half a year, with orthophoria, no A sign, DVD weakened, and no second operation was needed.

CONCLUSION: Surgical procedures for Helveston syndrome can be selected according to the degree of superior oblique muscle overaction and DVD.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the surgical method and extent of reoperation in the concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under-correction and over-correction.

METHODS: Ninety-six concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under-correction and over-correction were recruited in this study, which included 41 males and 55 females, aged 21.90±14.70. All individuals underwent routine eye examinations for strabismus before the surgery. Among the cases with concomitant esotropia, there were over-correction in 23 cases, under-correction in 15 cases. Among the cases with concomitant exotropia, there were over-correction in 28 cases, under-correction in 30 cases. The method of reoperation were based on angle of deviation, the method of original operation and acute visual acuity of patients.

RESULTS:In over-correction cases with concomitant esotropia,medial rectus muscle of 9 cases were advanced, the corrective extent was(5.51±2.63)^△/mm; 9 cases were performed advance of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was(6.25±1.59)^△/mm; 3 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was(4.26±1.04)^△/mm; only 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was(4.21±1.91)^△/mm. In under-correction cases with concomitant esotropia, 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was(4.03±0.98)^△/mm; 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was(6.86±1.32)^△/mm; 3 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was(4.33±0.29)^△/mm. In over-correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 16 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was(5.37±1.56)^△/mm; 6 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was(6.29±3.68)^△/mm; 5 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was(5.46±1.78)^△/mm; 1 case were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was 5.00^△/mm. In under-correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 12 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was(4.47±0.54)^△/mm; 16 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle and resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was(5.11±0.75)^△/mm; 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was(2.65±0.42)^△/mm.

CONCLUSION:In reoperation of concomitant strabismus patients with over-correction, weakening or/and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were performed surgery before has a greater and more unstable surgical corrective extent. While In reoperation of concomitant strabismuspatients with under-correction, weakening or/and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were not performed surgery has a normal corrective extent as usual.