Abstract:AIM: To assess the patient-reported outcome of phacoemulsification with posterior chamber single focus foldable intraocular lens(SIOL)using the Chinese version of Catquest-8SF questionnaire. We would mainly evaluate the applicability of Catquest-8SF scale in northern Chinese and evaluate its sensitivity to cataract surgery.

METHODS:Prospective clinical case follow-up study. The patients were recruited from The Central Hospital of Tai'an and completed the Catquest-8SF questionnaire by face-to-face interviews before and 3mo after surgery at the hospital.

RESULTS: A total of 120 cataract patients completed the Catquest-8SF at baseline. The preoperative score of the Catquest-8SF-CN had a significant negative correlation with preoperative binocular mean weighted logMAR visual acuity and age(P<0.05), while a significant positive correlation with education level(P<0.001). The patients without systemic comorbidities got higher score than those who with(P<0.05). Three months after surgery, 102(85%)patients came for follow-up and completed the questionnaire. Significant improvement of visual acuity was observed in both binocular and monocular surgery groups(t=10.404, P<0.001). There was higher improvement in binocular weighted logMAR visual acuity of binocular surgery group than in monocular surgery group(P<0.001). The postoperative score were significantly higher in both groups than before(P<0.001). There was a significant improvement in the total score after cataract surgery. Ninety-four patients(92.2%)were very satisfied or satisfied with the operation. The degree of satisfaction was significantly correlated with the improvement score of the scale and it was also correlated with their expectation of the surgery.

CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of Catquest-8SF questionnaire is suitable for the age-related cataract population in northern China. It is highly responsive to cataract surgery and brief, so it may have the potential to become part of a routine clinical assessment for cataract surgery in China.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes in terms of vision across distances(near, intermediate and far), contrast sensitivity and subjective patient satisfaction after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)with implantation of an extended range of vision(ERV)intraocular lens(IOL).

METHODS: Forty patients(55 eyes)underwent bilateral or monocular FLACS with implantation of the ERV IOL Tecnis Symfony(Johnson & Johnson Vision)were enrolled. Uncorrected distance(UDVA), intermediate(UIVA)and near visual acuities(UNVA)were evaluated at 3mo after surgery, as well the defocus curve, contrast sensitivity, patient satisfaction and spectacle independence.

RESULTS:No severe complications occurred. All eyes showed a central position of the IOL in the capsular bag without tilting at 3mo after surgery. 3mo postoperative mean logMAR visual acuity at 5 m, 67 cm and 40 cm were -0.04 ±0.08, -0.17±0.22, 0.37±0.17, respectively. All patients obtained satisfactory UDVA and UIVA, as well as functional UNVA, meeting the needs of daily life. Spectacle independence rate was 94.55%. Contrast sensitivity results did not differ from those obtained with monofocal aspheric lenses. Likewise, no moderate and severe photic phenomena were reported. Mean patient satisfaction scores with distance, intermediate and near vision were 9.0, 9.0, and 7.0, respectively.

CONCLUSION: FLACS with implantation of the ERV IOL TECNIS Symfony provides a successful visual restoration at far, intermediate distance and a functional-range near vision acuity, with minimal level of disturbing photic phenomena, and high rates of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effect of persistent high intraocular pressure(IOP)on cataract surgery in eyes with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG)and its correlative factor, and to discuss the choice of treatment for persistent high IOP.

METHODS: Totally 284 cases(293 eyes)were diagnosed as acute PACG and underwent cataract surgery. According to preoperative IOP, these patients were divided into three groups: Group 1(188 eyes), Group 2(61 eyes)and Group 3(44 eyes). Group 1 was defined that preoperative IOP can be controlled within the normal range under systemic and local drug. Group 2 was defined that preoperative IOP higher than 40 mmHg after drug therapy, which can be controlled after an anterior chamber puncture treatment. Group 3 was defined that preoperative IOP higher than 40 mmHg after multiple anterior chamber puncture. Group 1 underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation. Group 2 and Group 3 underwent cataract extraction and IOL implantation with goniosynechiolysis. The preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, IOP, anterior chamber depth(ACD)and subfoveal choroidal thickness were obtained, and gonioscopic measurement of chamber angle was recorded. Preoperative and postoperative measurements were compared using non-parametric tests.

RESULTS: After surgical treatment, the rate of postoperative one-week IOP control rate was respectively: Group 1(100%), Group 2(95%), Group 3(82%)(the rate of Group 2 is higher than Group 3, χ²=4.795, P<0.05). The rate of the improved postoperative vision was respectively: Group 1(92%), Group 2(84%)and Group 3(52%). Postoperative central anterior chamber depth of each group deepened obviously compared to preoperative, but the postoperative goniosynechia range of Group 3 was significantly wider than that of Group 1 and Group 2. Group 1 and Group 2 did not record postoperative hyphema, while 18% of Group 3 had recorded hyphema.

CONCLUSION: Acute PACG eyes with persistent high preoperative IOP had good effects after cataract surgery, but demonstrated wider goniosynechia range and higher risk of hyphema compared to eyes with normal preoperative IOP.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the protective mechanism of hydrogen on retinal senescence induced by oxidative stress.

METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, model group and treatment group. Animal models of retinal oxidative stress injury were established by injecting sodium iodate solution into mice caudal vein. Harvesting the mice retina, Western-blot was used to detect the level of proteins related to DNA damage response such as ATM, NF-κB, cyclin D1 and HMGB1 that associated with DNA repair.

RESULTS: SA-β-gal staining showed that the blue-green deposits in treatment group were reduced than that in model group. The expression of DNA damage reactive protein in treatment group ATM, cyclin D1, NF-κB(0.10±0.009, 0.32±0.01, 0.19±0.002)were significantly lower than those in the model groups(0.77±0.08, 0.70±0.02, 0.36±0.01), and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01). At the same time, the expression of DNA repair protein HMGB1 in treatment group(0.927±0.06)were notably higher than that in model group(0.383±0.07)and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: H₂ can attenuate senescence by inhibiting oxidative-stress induced DNA damage.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Wu Ling San on retinopathy in diabetic rats.

METHODS: The rats with hyperglycemia were divided into five groups: model group, Wu Ling San high dose group, low dose group, positive control group and normal groups each group of ten. After oral administration for 12wk, the expression of ICAM-1 and CRP in the serum of rats were measured by ELISA. After HE staining, retinal structure was observed under the light microscope. Blood retinal vascular barrier permeability was measured by Evans blue. The vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression of retinal tissue were observed by immunohistochemistry

RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, the expression of CRP, ICAM-1 and the EB content in diabetic group were increased. The contents of CRP and ICAM-1 and EB permeability in Wu Ling San high dose group were lower than low dose group and positive control group(all P<0.05). There are retinal ganglion cell layer disorder, retinal edema, and positive VEGF immunohistochemistry expression in the diabetic group. Wu Ling San high dose group can improve retinal structure and reduce retinal edema.

CONCLUSION: Wu Ling San can effectively reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokine, VEGF and retina edema in diabetic retinopathy rats, and also can improve the retinal microvascular in order to protect diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the protective effects of gigantol on aldose reductase(AR)pathway and oxidative stress induced by high glucose in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs).

METHODS: HRMECs were cultured and divided into the five groups: normal glucose group, mannitol group,high glucose group, gigantol group and epalrestat group. Cell vitality was detected by the MTS assay, reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were detected by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, protein expressions of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)were observed by Western blotting, mRNA levels of AR, hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were measured by qRT-PCR.

RESULTS: DCFH-DA fluorescent probe levels showed that gigantol reduced ROS generation obviously, and protein expressions of NF-κB, mRNA expressions of AR,HIF-1α and VEGF were all decreased. The expression trends of AR and NF-κB in epalrestat group were consistent with gigantol group.

CONCLUSION: Gigantol and epalrestat could inhibit the activation of AR/NF-κB pathway, and gigantol also could inhibit high glucose induced oxidative stress and in HRMECs, which may have a protective effect on diabetic retinopathy(DR), and improve angiogenesis.

Abstract:AIM: To study the expression and cancer-promoting mechanism of miR-130b in human retinoblastoma(RB).

METHODS: Detected the expression levels of miR-130b in human RB carcinoma tissues, adjacent tissues and human RB cell lines(HXO-Rb44 and Y79)by qRT-PCR; detected the expression levels of PTEN in HXO-Rb44 and Y79 cells by qRT-PCR, Western Blot and immunofluorescence; verified the target relationship between miR-130b and PTEN by dual-luciferase reporter gene test; the co-transfection test was used to investigate the relationship between PTEN and miR-130b on the expression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in RB cell line.

RESULTS: The expression level of miR-130b in cancer tissue of RB was significantly higher than that of paracancerous tissue(P<0.05). Compared with axben-181 cells, the expression level of miR-130b in HXO-Rb44 and Y79 cells was significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with RB cancer tissue, the expression level of PTEN in its paracancerous tissue was significantly increased(P<0.05). The expression level of miR-130b was negatively correlated with the expression level of PTEN(P<0.001). The mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN in HXO-Rb44 cells overexpressing miR-130b were significantly reduced, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN in Y79 cells after miR-130b interference were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with miR-130b mimics+PTEN-NC group, the luciferase activity of miR-130b mimics+wt-PTEN group was significantly reduced(P<0.05).In the HXO-Rb44 cells co-transfected with miR-130b mimics+PTEN-NC, the expression levels of p-Akt 308 and p-Akt 473 protein were significantly increased(P<0.05), while the expression levels of PTEN protein were significantly decreased(P<0.05). In the HXO-Rb44 cells co-transfected with miR-130b mimics+PTEN, no significant changes were observed in the above three proteins.

CONCLUSION: miR-130b is highly expressed in RB tissues and cell lines. PTEN is the target gene of miR-130b, and miR-130b may negatively regulate PTEN to affect the expression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and ultimately play a role in promoting cancer.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the levels of interleukin-8, interleukin-8 receptor 1, 2(CXCR1, CXCR2)in aqueous humor of polypoid choroidal vasculopathy(PCV)and their clinical significance.

METHODS: Totally 67 patients with PCV in our hospital were selected as PCV group, and another 50 patients with cataract were selected as control group, fluorescence quantitative PCR(QPCR)was used to detect the expression of IL-8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 mRNAs in aqueous humor of two groups, the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of all subjects were measured by the international standard visual acuity chart, optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to detect foveal retinal thickness(CMT), the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was created to analyze the predictive values of IL-8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 in the occurrence of PCV. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk factors for PCV.

RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the expression of IL-8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 mRNA increased in group PCV. BCVA in PCV group decreased and CMT increased(P<0.05). IL-8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 were significantly positively correlated with BCVA(r=0.438, 0.346, 0.385, all P<0.05), IL-8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 were positively correlated with CMT(r=0.378, 0.606, 0.357, all P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that IL-8, CXCR1, CXCR2, BCVA and CMT were the risk factors of PCV. The AUC of IL-8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 for PCV diagnosis was 0.882, 0.860 and 0.812.

CONCLUSION: The expression of IL-8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 in PCV aqueous humor were all increased, which was not only related to BCVA and CMT in patients, but also related to the occurrence of PCV, and it may become a potential predictor of PCV.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of pranoprofen combined with sodium hyaluronate in treatment of dry eye in recent years by Meta-analysis.

METHODS: According to the Cochrane systematic review method, the computer searched Medline, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang database, Weipu database, China Knowledge Network database, and included in the randomized controlled study of pranoprofen combined with sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of dry eye in 2014-2018, RevMan5.3 statistical software for data extraction and Meta-analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 8 randomized controlled trials, all in Chinese, totally 1 008 patients. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the use of sodium hyaluronate alone, prano fraction combined with sodium hyaluronate significantly improved the BUT, SⅠt, FL, dry eye symptoms and overall efficacy of the patients, the difference was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: The efficacy of pranoprofen combined with sodium hyaluronate in treatment of dry eye was better than that of sodium hyaluronate alone.

Abstract:The CRISPR/Cas system was a defense system originally found in bacterial immune system against exogenous genetic material(such as phage virus). With the precision in its targeting function, CRISPR/Cas system has been developed into a highly efficient genome-editing tool that has been widely used in various fields of life science research and has achieved revolutionary progress. This paper reviews the relevant literature on the application of the CRISPR/Cas system in human eye diseases.

Abstract:Overview of the status application of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in ocular neovascular diseases. Through retrieving related domestic and overseas research state for more than ten years, summarizing, analyzing and summarizing, overviewing the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine monomer in inhibiting intraocular neovascularization, and expounding the potential advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the field of intraocular angiogenesis research, providing information for treating and researching of neovascular diseases.

Abstract:Ethambutol(EMB)has been used as first-line antibiotics to treat tuberculosis. Side effects of ethambutol have been well documented since its original use, with the most serious one being optic neuropathy. EMB-induced optic neuropathy(EON)may be reversible in the early stages, but delayed diagnosis has been shown to result in permanent visual loss. Thus the reversibility of EON is dependent on early detection. In this review, we discuss risk factors, detection methods, treatment and prevention of EON.

Abstract:Keratoconus(KC)is a progressive corneal thinning disease which can cause the conical appearance, scar growth and vision loss via corneal ectasia. Various factors were demonstrated to be related to its etiology, including the genetic factors and the environmental factors(i.e. the friction of eyelids and eyeball, the friction of contact lens and eyeball and the UV irradiation). In addition to the genetic and environmental factors, the inflammation cytokines has been reported as another key factor to the pathogenesis of keratoconus, thus received more attention recently. This paper then reviews the recent advances on the effect of inflammation cytokines on pathogenesis of keratoconus. The motivation of this work is to provide important guidance and thoughts for the treatment of keratoconus.

Abstract:With the continuous development of cataract surgery and intraocular lens(IOL), the evaluation of visual quality after IOL implantation has become a research hotspot, and aberration is an important factor that affecting visual quality. After more than 60y of development, IOL has made great improvement in optical design. Due to the fact that conventional spherical IOL has a positive spherical aberration and cannot correct the positive spherical aberration existing in the normal human cornea, it is improved to an aspherical IOL having a negative spherical aberration and a zero spherical aberration. The former can correct the cornea positive spherical aberration, improve the contrast sensitivity and improve visual quality. However, if the optical position does not match, the formation of other higher-order aberrations will have greater impact on visual effects. Although the latter is well tolerated to tilt and decentration, it still cannot compensate for the positive aberration from the cornea. The advent of the non-constant aberration IOL provides a new way for cataract surgeons to solve this problem. In this paper, the concept of aberration, the design principle and advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of aspheric IOL, as well as the observation of clinical application effect of non-constant aberration aspheric IOL are discussed.

Abstract:Retinal vein occlusion(RVO)is the most prevalent retinal vascular disease except for diabetic retinopathy. Macular edema(ME)is a common complication of RVO which is the major causation of vision loss. The pathogenesis of ME is associated with vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)which induced by ischemia and hypoxia after venous obstruction and destruction of blood-retinal barrier caused by inflammation. Therefore, intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF medications or corticosteroids is the most common in the clinical treatment. Due to the two medicines have different react mechanism, duration of efficacy, side effects, and prices etc. There are several researches reported that the combination of two medications in order to treat ME secondary to RVO. This essay is a brief overview of the combination therapies' efficacy, the time of injections and relevant precautions during the therapy process.

Abstract:Glucocorticoid as adjunctive drug before and after the surgery for retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment. It has obvious effects in controlling inflammation and improving choroidal detachment, which creates favorable conditions for the operation. However, the ophthalmologists have different opinions on the effects of postoperative retinal reattachment rate and improvement of visual function. There has been controversy about whether to use hormones before surgery, the time of use and the way they are used. This article will review the relevant knowledge. In order to provide a more accurate and feasible reference for clinical treatment.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the clinical application effect of regional refraction intraocular lens SBL-3 in patients with age-related cataract.

METHODS: Totally 90 patients(90 eyes)with age-related cataract diagnosed and treated in our hospital from February 2016 to December 2017 were selected as the study object, and they were randomly divided into control group and observation group, each group respectively included 45 cases(45 eyes). The control group were treated with single focus intraocular lens implantation, the observation group were treated with regional refraction intraocular lens SBL-3. Then the naked vision, VF-14 scale and corneal endothelial cells situation before and after the operation, contrast sensitivity after the operation of two groups were compared.

RESULTS: The naked vision, VF-14 scale and corneal endothelial cells of two groups before the operation were compared,the differences had no statistical significance(all P>0.05). After 12wk operation, the naked vision and VF-14 scale of observation group were better than those of control group, and contrast sensitivity of light and dark light were all lower than those of control group, the differences had statistical significance(all P<0.05), while the corneal endothelial cells, contrast sensitivity of light glare and dark glare of two groups were compared, the differences had no statistical significance(all P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The clinical application effect of regional refraction intraocular lens SBL-3 in the patients with age-related cataract is better which has positive improvement effect for the visual quality, and the bad influence for the cornea is small, so its clinical application value is higher.

Abstract:AIM: To study the effect of vitrectomy combined with macular epiretinal membrane peeling on visual acuity, central macular thickness(CMT)and metamorphopsia degree in patients with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane(IMEM).

METHODS: Totally 31 cases(31 eyes)of patients with IMEM were treated with vitrectomy combined with macular epiretinal membrane peeling, and the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), CMT, ellipsoid zone(IS/OS)connectivity and macular morphology were examined before and after operation. The treatment effect was assessed, and the relationship between BCVA, macular structure and morphology before and after operation was studied. All the factors that might affect the surgical outcomes were analyzed.

RESULTS: The mean BCVA and CMT were 0.59±0.14 and 429.35±86.17μm respectively before operation, and were decreased to 0.38±0.09 and 304.87±62.54μm at 6mo after operation(P<0.05). The metamorphopsia degree after operation was gradually decreased, and the metamorphopsia degree at 1, 3 and 6mo after operation was lower than before operation(P<0.008). At 1mo after operation, the IS/OS connectivity ratios were 65%, and there was no significant difference compared with that before operation with 52%(P>0.008). The ratio of IS/OS connectivity was 81% and 90% at 3mo and 6mo after operation, and the difference was statistically significant compared with that before operation(P<0.008). There was significant difference in the macular morphology at different time after operation(P<0.008). The proportions of patients with normal macular morphology at 1, 3 and 6mo after operation were 26%, 52% and 77% respectively, and the differences were statistically significant compared with before operation(P<0.008). Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis showed postoperative BCVA in IMEM patients was positively correlated with preoperative BCVA and postoperative CMT(P<0.05), but that was negatively correlated with preoperative macular morphology, preoperative and postoperative IS/OS connectivity and postoperative macular morphology(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy combined with macular epiretinal membrane peeling can significantly reduce the CMT of patients with IMEM, and improve the IS/OS connectivity and macular morphology, so as to improve the visual acuity and reduce the metamorphopsia degree.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the association between NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)gene polymorphism and diabetic retinopathy(DR)in the Han descent population of Shaanxi province.

METHODS: Totally 386 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)who hospitalized in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 were recruited to participate in the study, they were divided into diabetic without retinopathy(DWR)group(181 cases), proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)group(62 cases)and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)group(143 cses). Meanwhile, 120 healthy volunteers without DR were recruited to participate in the study as the control group. Genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with DNA direct sequencing technique for the polymorphism of the Nrf2 gene.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference of genotype and allele distribution of rs6721961 polymorphism between the DWR group and control group, neither PDR group and NPDR group(P>0.05). PDR group and NPDR group were compared with control group and DWR group respectively, the genotype and allele distribution of Nrf2 polymorphism were significantly different(P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that A allele(OR=1.532, 95%CI 1.169-2.008, P=0.014)distribution of rs6721961 polymorphism were associated with risk of DR.

CONCLUSION: Polymorphism of the Nrf2 gene may associate with the risk of DR.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the correlation between the degree of diabetic retinopathy and renal function in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

METHODS: Totally 110 cases of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus from September 2016 to May 2018 were chosen in our study. According to the fundus we divided all the cases into NDR group(without diabetic retinopathy), BDR group(non proliferation diabetic retinopathy)and PDR group(diabetic retinopathy), meanwhile the normal subjects were selected as the control group at the same time. The renal function related indicators like urinary albumin/creatinine(UACR), glomeruar filtration rate(GFR), serum creatinine(Scr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), Cystatin C(Cys C), α1-micro globulin(α1-MG), β2-micro globulin(β2-MG)were detected and compared among the four groups.

RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences of urinary albumin/creatinine, glomeruar filtration rate, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, Cystatin C, α1-micro globulin and β2-micro globulin among the four groups(all P<0.05). The urinary albumin/creatinine, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, Cystatin C, α1-micro globulin andβ2-micro globulin were significantly increased, and the glomeruar filtration rate was significantly decreased in diabetic groups(all P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the degree of retinopathy was positively correlated with UACR(r_s=0.498, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with GFR(r_s=-0.481, P<0.05). The incidence rate of a large number of urinary protein was 67.5%, and which was as high as 65.0% of renal insufficiency with GFR<60mL/min in the PDR group.

CONCLUSION:The diabetic retinopathy is closely related to renal function in patients with type 1 diabetes. The patients with renal dysfunction have a high risk of diabetic retinopathy. Renal function may predict the occurrence and development of the diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract:AIM: To study glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)analogues(liraglutide)in patients with mild to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)and the clinical efficacy of retinal neuroprotection.

METHODS: Sixty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild or moderate NPDR were treated in our department of endocrinology. They were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the experimental group used metformin, insulin combined with liraglutide to regulate blood glucose, while the control group used metformin, insulin for hypoglycemia. Comparing the two groups of patients before and after the treatment, including HbA1c and pattern visual evoked potential(P-VEP)P100 amplitude and P100 latency, full field electroretinogram(F-ERG)oscillatory potentials(Ops)total amplitude, and light and dark adaptation 3.0 the amplitude of the a-, b-wave varies.

RESULTS: After 6mo treatment, the total amplitude of Ops in the experimental and control groups increased compared with that before treatment. The difference was statistically significant(all P<0.01). And the total amplitude of Ops in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P=0.049). Meanwhile the b-wave amplitudes of the light and dark adaptation 3.0 in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P=0.001, P=0.014); however, there was no statistical significance in a-wave amplitude between the light and dark adaptation 3.0 in both groups after treatment(P=0.505, 0.441, 0.193, respectively). the b-wave amplitudes of the experimental group with dark and light adaptation 3.0 increased compared with that before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01, P=0.019). The a-wave amplitude of light and dark adaptation in the experimental group increased compared with that before treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.130, 0.147).

CONCLUSION: GLP-1 analogues can improve the function of retinal neurons in patients with mild to moderate NPDR to a certain extent, and have a positive effect on the prognosis of DR.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effect of recombinant bovine alkaline fibroblast growth factor eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate on tear oxidative stress index, TNF-mutation and IL-6 levels in dry eye patients after phacoemulsification.

METHODS: From February 2016 to February 2018, 112 patients(172 eyes)of dry eyes were selected as the research objects. According to the law of random numbers, they were divided into two groups, each group with 86 eyes, and the control group was given sodium hyaluronate treatment, while the observation group was given recombinant bovine alkaline fibroblast growth factor eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate. The efficacy, ocular surface, tear function, oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in tears were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: After 4wk of treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was 96.5%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group(P=0.001). Two groups of patients with preoperative fluorescent scores(FL), tear break-up time(BUT)and Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt)had no statistical significance(P>0.05), postoperative medication, two groups of patients of FL were significantly decreased, which in the postoperative treatment, 4d, 8d and 28d, observation group decreased more obvious than control group. The repeatability of variance analysis results showed statistically significant differences between the two groups at different time points(P<0.05). Postoperative drug treatment, BUT and SⅠt in the two groups were significantly increased especially on the 4d, 8d and 28d, observation group increased more obvious than control group. Repeated variance analysis results showed statistically significant differences between the two groups at different time points(P<0.05). Two groups of patients before treatment in tears oxidative stress indicators malondialdehyde(MDA), lipid peroxide(LPO), superoxide disproportionation enzyme(SOD)and total antioxidant capacity(TAC)had no statistical significance(P>0.05), two groups of patients after treatment of oxidative stress indicators were significantly improved(P<0.05), MDA and LPO of observation group were obviously lower than the control group(P<0.05), SOD and TAC were significantly higher than control group(P<0.05). Before the treatment, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of TNF-α and IL-6 in their tears(P>0.05). After the treatment, TNF-α and IL-6 in the tears of the two groups decreased significantly(P<0.05), and the decrease was more significant in the observation group than the control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Recombinant bovine alkaline fibroblast growth factor eye drops combined with sodium hyaluronate have significant effects on dry eyes after phacoemulsification of cataract, which cannot only promote the stability of tear film, but also reduce tear secretion and corneal injury. The effect may be related to the improvement of oxidative stress index and the regulation of inflammatory factors.

Abstract:AIM: To observe binocular vision improvement of different exotropia after marginal myotomy and to discuss the impact of different types of exotropia on the recovery of binocular vision after surgery.

METHODS: We selected 59 patients for case study and divided them into three groups by types of exotropia. Intermittent exotropia 27 cases is Group 1; Constant exotropia 21 cases is Group 2; V-pattern exotropia 11 cases is Group 3. We examined their three-degree visual functions via synoptophore preoperative and postoperative respectively. We recorded the examination data and conducted in-depth analysis after 6mo follow-up.

RESULTS: Comparison on binocular vision improvement of different types of exotropia. 1)Postoperative level Ⅰ simultaneous perception: at 1 mo postoperative, visual recovery in Group 1(22 cases, 81%)was better than that in Group 2(11 cases, 52%)and Group 3(5 cases, 46%). The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); 2)Postoperative level Ⅱ fusion: at 1mo, 3mo and 6mo postoperative, there were significant differences in fusion function among the three groups(P<0.05). The recovery of fusion function in Group 1(20 cases, 74%)was better than that in Group 2(9 cases, 43%)and Group 3(4 cases, 36%)at 6mo. The fusion range of Group 1(17.15°±9.19°)was significantly larger than that of Group 2(9.00°±8.64°), and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.004); 3)Postoperative level Ⅲ distance stereoacuity: distance stereoacuity recovery of Group 1(9 cases, 33%)were again proved to be better than others. However, no statistical difference was found in the Ⅲ vision function between three groups(P>0.05); 4)Three-degree visual function had obvious improvement after marginal myotomy. The differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). The recovery was stable in 1mo postoperative.

CONCLUSION: Marginal myotomy can reduce intraoperative complications and traction of extraocular muscle, and improve surgical safety. There was significant improvement of three-degree visual function after marginal myotomy, and the recovery of binocular vision became stable 1mo postoperative. The binocular vision recovery of the intermittent exotropia patients was supreme to the constant exotropia patients and V-pattern exotropia patients. Constant exotropia and V-pattern exotropia had the same impact on the recovery of binocular vision. Thus, types of exotropia should be considered when deciding surgery timing, in order to achieve more effective recovery and to rebuild binocular vision.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the therapeutic effects of comprehensive amblyopia therapy in 715 eyes of children.

METHODS: Three hundred and nineteen-three cases(715 eyes)of amblyopia were included in this study, who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from July 2015 to July 2017. The amblyopia treatment file was established, and the therapeutic effect of amblyopia comprehensive therapy was observed. The relationship between age, amblyopia type, amblyopia degree, treatment compliance and fixation were analyzed.

RESULTS: Totally 393 children(715 eyes), 520 eyes(72.7%)were basically cured, 117 eyes(16.4%)were progressive, and 78 eyes(10.9%)were ineffective. The total effective rate was 89.1%. The age, amblyopia type, amblyopia degree, fixation and treatment compliance were related with the therapeutic effect of amblyopia respectly.

CONCLUSION:The overall treatment effect of amblyopia in children is better. It is closely related to the clinical characteristics included age, amblyopia type, amblyopia degree, fixation and treatment compliance. The treatment effect was poor in children with older age, amblyopia type of aberrant amblyopia, strabismus amblyopia, severe amblyopia, paracentric fixation and poor compliance.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the difference of corneal curvature, astigmatism, central corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth between the Pentacam anterior segment analyzer and anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)in young myopic preoperative and senile cataract patients.

METHODS: Prospective clinical study.Totally 64 preoperative examinations(124 eyes)and 61 senile cataract patients(85 eyes)were selected. Pentacam and AS-OCT were used to measure the people's parameters of the ophthalmic anterior segment. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the differences of the two devices' measurement results of the two groups. The correlation of the obtained data was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The consistency of the measurement results was analyzed by Bland-Altman plot analysis.

RESULTS: There were significant differences in measuring steep Keratometry(Ks), flat Keratometry(Kf)and mean Keratometry(Km)between the two devices of myopia(P<0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference in the cataract group(P>0.05). The astigmatic parameters J₀, central corneal thickness(CCT), and anterior chamber depth(ACD)measured by the devices and there were statistically significant differences between the two devices(P<0.05)while there was no significant difference in the measured astigmatic parameters J₄₅(P>0.05). The results of Ks, Kf, Km, J₀, J₄₅, CCT and ACD measured by the two devices in both groups were linearly related(P<0.001). The Bland-Altman plot analyses showed that the two devices had comparable results for J₀, J₄₅, CCT and ACD. The consistency of Ks, Kf and Km measured by the myopia group was good, while the consistency of Ks, Kf and Km measured by the cataract group was poor.

CONCLUSION: Pentacam and AS-OCT measurements of the ophthalmic anterior segment are consistent with astigmatic parameters, CCT and ACD, and can be used interchangeably. The consistency of Ks, Kf and Km is affected by age related factors, and Pentacam is preferred.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the present situation and restrictive factors about the prevention and control of retinopathy of prematurity in Grade Ⅲ A hospitals of Hunan Province.

METHODS: A total of 20 hospitals with neonatal intensive care unit were selected from 13 prefecture level cities and 1 autonomous prefectures in Hunan Province by stratified random sampling method. The questionnaires for prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in hospital were distributed to the hospital officers in order to survey the condition of oxygen monitoring, ROP screening and treatment, ROP training in hospitals and the supervision of health administration departments and the restrictive factors for prevention and treatment of ROP.

RESULTS: Totally 20 questionnaires were collected. There were 20(100%)hospitals carried out oxygen monitoring, 12(60%)hospitals conducted ROP screening, 3(15%)hospitals conducted ROP treatment, 2(10%)hospitals conducted ROP screening and treatment, 5(25%)hospitals conducted special training for prevention and treatment of ROP and 4(20%)local health administration conducted supervision for prevention and control of ROP. The situation of treatment, special training and supervision for ROP in provincial Grade Ⅲ A hospitals were better than ministerial Grade Ⅲ A hospitals. The main restrictive factors of ROP were lack of professional and technical talents, equipment for prevention and treatment, standardized training and the great risk of treatment in children with severe disease.

CONCLUSION: The oxygen monitoring for newborns in Grade Ⅲ A hospitals were good, but the present situation of screening and treatment about ROP is not optimistic. The training of special skills and supervision for prevention and treatment of ROP should be strengthened to further improve the overall level of ROP prevention and control.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the prevalence of strabismus and amblyopia in Dai, Hani, Lahu and local Han nationality pupils in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, and to analyze its differences and risk factors.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 7214 patients aged 6-15 years were conducted in Mengla County of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. The investigation included naked eye and best corrected visual acuity, diopter, eye position, anterior segment and fundus examination. The influencing factors were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:(1)The case rate of strabismus(exotropia)and amblyopia(refractive amblyopia)were 2.12%(85.62%)and 0.60%(74.42%)respectively;(2)The case rate of strabismus had no difference in sex, age and nationality(P>0.05), however, the case rate of exotropia was different in ethnic groups: the Lahu is more likely to have exotropia than the Han nationality(OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.12-3.09). Immediate family with strabismus or exotropia, myopia and hyperopia were all risk factors of strabismus(P<0.05 OR>1), and myopia was the risk factor of exotropia(OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.32-3.44). The OR value of exotropia increased with the diopter of myopia(P<0.05);(3)The case rate of amblyopia was not different in sex, age and nationality(P>0.05). Myopia and hyperopia were risk factors of amblyopia(P<0.05, OR>1).

CONCLUSION: There is a high risk of strabismus in the children whose immediate family has exotropia of Xishuangbanna ethnic minority, and there is a certain ethnic difference in strabismus; Both myopia and hyperopia are the main risk factors of strabismus and amblyopia. The disease risk of strabismus and exotropia increases with the increase of refractive diopter; Low local amblyopia was associated with a lower incidence of ametropia.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of vitamin A Palmitate Eye Gel combined with Tobramycin Eye Drops on corneal epithelial injury.

METHODS: Totally 80 patients(100 eyes)with corneal epithelial injury who came to our hospital from May 2015 to March 2016 were randomly divided into treatment group(50 eyes)and control group(50 eyes). The treatment group was treated with vitamin A Palmitate Eye Gel combined with Tobramycin Eye Drops, while the control group was treated with Tobramycin Eye Drops only. The curative effect of two groups was compared after 2wk and 4wk of treatment.

RESULTS: The cure rate was 80% and the effective rate was 94% in the treatment group. The cure rate was 70% and the effective rate was 78% in the control group. There was significant difference in the effective rate between the two groups(P<0.05). The results of SⅠt and BUT test showed that the time of treatment group was significantly longer than that of control group(P<0.01). The score of symptoms and signs in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group after 2wk of treatment(P<0.01), but there was no significant between treatment groups and control grouop after 4wk of treatment(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Vitamin A Palmitate Eye Gel combined with Tobramycin Eye Drops can significantly improve dry eye symptoms and effectively shorten the healing time of corneal epithelium. It is an effective method to treat corneal epithelial injury.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the ocular surface changes of one-site versus two-site phacotrabeculectomy in angle-closure glaucoma associated with cataract.

METHODS: This retrospective, randomized study included 52 patients(52 eyes)with coexisting angle-closure glaucoma and cataract. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: one group had the phacotrabeculectomy in the superior quadrant through the same incision(one-site group; n=26), while the other group had the trabeculectomy through a superior quadrant incision, and the phacoemulsification through another separate, temporal, clear corneal incision(two-site group; n=26). In each group, the values such as tear break-up time(BUT), Schirmer I test(SⅠt), and corneal fluoresce(FL)in staining score were measured at 1d, 1wk, 1mo and 3mo postoperatively.

RESULTS: All patients were operated under local anesthesia and followed up for 3mo. The SⅠt of two-site group and one-site group 1wk and 1mo postoperatively were significantly shorter than those before the operation(P<0.01). The SⅠt of two-site group were significantly shorter than those of one-site group 1wk and 1mo postoperatively(P<0.05). The FL scores of two-site group were significantly higher than those of one-site group 1wk postoperatively(P<0.05). However, 1mo postoperatively, the FL scores of two groups were basically equal(P>0.05). Three months postoperatively,the BUT, SⅠt and FL were basically equal to the preoperative level(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Phacotrabeculectomy through two incisions is more likely to affect the ocular surface, and those abnormal related values appear in the early 1mo postoperatively.

Abstract:AIM:The repair of macular structure after 23G vitrectomy was performed in patients with idiopathic macular hole, and the changes of retinal thickness in vision and macular area were analyzed.

METHODS: A total of 85 patients(85 eyes)with monocular idiopathic macular hole who underwent elective surgery in our hospital from June 2016 to December 2017 were included in the study, of which 37 were male and 48 were female, with an average age of(64.7±10.1)years. All subjects underwent 23G vitrectomy were observed the closure of macular hole after operation, and the changes of retinal thickness in macular forea were observed preoperatively and postoperatively by optical coherence tomography(OCT). To observe the changes of the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in preoperative, 1mo, 3mo and 6mo after operation.

RESULTS: All subjects underwent postoperative examinations had good macular hole closure. The average BCVA of 3mo and 6mo after operation were significantly higher than that of preoperative and 1mo after operation(P<0.05); the average BCVA in 6mo after operation was significantly higher than the average BCVA of 6mo after operation, with statistically significant differences(t=7.983, P=0.037). The macular central fovea thickness in 1mo after operation was significantly higher than preoperative and 3mo, 6mo after operation(P<0.05); The retinal thickness of the macular fovea thickness in 3mo and 6mo after operation were significantly lower than that of preoperative.

CONCLUSION:The treatment of idiopathic macular hole with 23G vitrectomy had a high degree of successful closure rate of fracture hole and the visual acuity of patients was obviously improved.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)and diabetic macular edema(DME)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).

METHODS: A total of 912 T2DM patients were enrolled in this study and underwent fundus colorized photography, fasting blood-glucose, glycated hemoglobin and renal function examinations. Estimated glomerular filtration rate assessed using modified abbreviated MDRD equation by Chinese eGFR investigation collaboration.

RESULTS:Among them, 29, 21 and 47 patients had mild, moderate and severe DME, 815 patients not had DME, respectively. GFR was gradually decreased in patients with no DME, mild DME,moderate DME and severe DME(F=8.87, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that lower levels of GFR was significantly associated with presence of DME. And for every 20.3 \〖mL·min^-1·(1.73m²)^-1\〗 decrease in eGFR, the risk of DME increased by 1.84 times. Impaired renal function and kidney disease were associated with the presence of DME when compared to normal renal function in multivariable models(1.60 and 2.46 times).

CONCLUSION: In T2DM patients, lower eGFR is an independent risk factors for DME, and physicians were reminded to pay attention to changes in renal function when monitoring DME.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of Conbercept ophthalmic injection(COI)combined with photocoagulation in elderly patients with diabetic macular edema(DME)in order to provide a reference for clinical practice.

METHODS: In the DME patients admitted to our hospital in August 2016 to June 2018, according to whether the patients were treated with photocoagulation treatment or not, the patients was divided into observation group(photocoagulation treatment combined with COI)in 55 cases of 55 eyes and control group(photocoagulation treatment without COI)in 50 cases, 50 eyes. The clinical outcomes of the two groups after surgery included the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), foveal retinal thickness(CMT), intraocular pressure and visual field, 30° visual field average light threshold sensitivity, and visual field mean defect value.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the general data between the two groups(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences on BCVA(0.63±0.13 vs 0.76±0.19; t=4.123, P<0.001), CMT(305.89±58.76 vs 340.26±60.41μm; t=2.954, P=0.004)between observation group and control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the intraocular pressure(12.11±1.82 vs 12.24±1.59mmHg; t=0.389, P=0.700). The value of visual field and the mean visual field defect of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 1mo after operation(P<0.001). The average light threshold sensitivity of the observation group was significantly higher at 30° 1mo after operation than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Conbercept ophthalmic injection combined with photocoagulation can improve the efficacy and safety of the treatment for diabetic macular edema in diabetic macular edema patients.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of compound anisodine injection combined with anti-VEGF therapy in treatment of macular edema of branch retinal vein occlusion.

METHODS: Sixty patients with retinal vein occlusion were randomly divided into the combined group and the control group. The control group was treated with a conventional anti-VEGF injection. The combined group was treated with compound anisodine and anti-VEGF injection. Treatment of compound anisodine: one injection per day, after 14d of injections pause for 14d, a total of 28 injections. Compare the therapeutic effects and safety of the two groups.

RESULTS:After anti-VEGF combined with compound anisodine and VEGF treatment, the visual acuity of the two groups were significantly increased(F_time=185.05, P_time<0.001; F_group=3.34, P_group=0.025); The CRT of the two groups were significantly decreased after treatment(F_time=286.2, P_time<0.001; F_group=12.46, P_group<0.001)and there was significantly difference between the control group and the combined group. However, there was no significant difference in visual acuity and CRT between the two groups on the 15^th day of treatment.

CONCLUSION: Compound anisodine combined with anti-VEGF therapy can improve the therapeutic effect in patients with retinal vein occlusion.

Abstract:AIM:To understand the basic conditions of neonatal fundus lesions and analyze the influencing factors of retinal hemorrhage.

METHODS: Totally 289 neonates from our hospital in the department of obstetric ward and neonatal intensive care unit from January 1, 2016 to May 31, 2018 were screened for fundus oculi disease by Retcam Ⅲ. The following information were collected such as gender, gestational age, history of asphyxia, maternal pregnancy and delivery way.

RESULTS: Among the 289 infants, there were 97 premature infants and 192 term infants. Sixty-four(22.1%)were detected with fundus lesions. Among which, 34(11.8%)were detected with retinal hemorrhage and 23(8.0%)retinopathy of prematurity. Single factor analysis showed that the rate of retinal hemorrhage in premature infants was higher than term(P<0.05). The rate of retinal hemorrhage in neonates with perineal delivery was higher than cesarean section(P<0.05). The rate of retinal hemorrhage in neonates with a history of asphyxiation was higher than that without(P<0.05). The rate of retinal hemorrhage in neonates with high blood pressure during pregnancy was higher than that without(P<0.05). After adjusting for the effects of risk factors, preterm infants, perineal births, history of asphyxiation, and high blood pressure during pregnancy were the high risk factors for neonatal retinal hemorrhage(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The incidence of neonatal retinal hemorrhage is relatively high, which is related to factors such as gestational age, mode of delivery, history of asphyxia and history of maternal pregnancy hypertension.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the clinical effects of soft corneal contact lens after excision of pterygium and limbal stem cell transplantation in elderly patients.

METHODS:Totally 90 patients(90 eyes)with unilateral pterygium were divided into two groups according to the random number table method. The observation group(45 cases)were treated with soft corneal contact lens after corneal limbal autograft transplantation merely, 45 cases of the control group were treated by autologous limbal stem cell transplantation. According to the data obtained from two groups of patients, the following indicators were compared: corneal healing time, symptom score of corneal irritation in 1d, 3d, 5d, 7d after operation, postoperative 24h、48h, two groups of patients with pain(VAS score),the recurrence rate of pterygium.

RESULTS: In control group, the corneal healing time(5.38±1.67d)was more than that of observation group(3.10±1.12d; P<0.05); Score of the corneal stimulation symptom and VAS after operation were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05), and the difference in recurrence of pterygium was not statistically significant(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Autologous corneal stem cells combined with soft corneal contact lens in treatment of elderly patients with pterygium can reduce the healing time, and reduce the postoperative symptom of corneal irritation, meanwhile it has no effect on the recurrence rate of pterygium.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the effect on accommodative functions after femtosecond laser assisted LASIK(FEMTO LASIK)for myopic anisometropia.

METHODS: A respective serial case observational study was designed. Thirty-five patients(70 eyes)with myopic anisometropia treated by FEMTO LASIK were included in the study. Their uncorrected distance visual acuity, distance spherical equivalent, the difference of binocular diopter and accommodative functions including amplitude of accommodation, negative relative accommodation, positive relative accommodation and lag of accommodation were measured three times(before surgery, 1mo and 3mo after surgery).

RESULTS: At 1mo and 3mo after surgery, uncorrected distance visual acuity was improved significantly, distance spherical equivalent and the difference of binocular diopter were significantly decreased. Amplitude of accommodation and positive relative accommodation were improved at 3mo after surgery. The differences were statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference of negative relative accommodation and lag of accommodation between these three times.

CONCLUSION: FEMTO LASIK for the correction of myopic anisometropia is an effective and safe procedure. The surgery may have no adverse influence on patients' accommodative function. It would be helpful for recovery of the binocular coordinate accommodative function.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the clinical curative effect of surgical correction of concomitant exotropia combined with weakening procedures in the treatment of children with complex strabismus.

METHODS: Totally 68 children(80 eyes)with complex strabismus who were admitted to the hospital from January 2015 to February 2017 were selected. All of them were treated by surgical correction of concomitant exotropia. The clinical diagnosis and treatment were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the combined group(n=30, 35 eyes)and the non-combined group(n=38, 45 eyes)according to the implementation of inferior oblique weakening procedures. The visual function, 5m exotropia deviation, degree of inferior oblique muscle overreaction and results of Titmus stereoscopic experiment were compared between the two groups before and after surgery. The postoperative curative effect of both groups was observed.

RESULTS: The proportions of patients with simultaneous vision, patients with certain fusion range, patients with distant stereoscopic vision and normal patients with near stereoscopic vision(40-60s)in both groups were significantly increased surgery at 6mo after surgery(P<0.05), without significant differences between groups(P>0.05). The degree of inferior oblique muscle overreaction and 5m exotropia deviation in both groups were significantly improved at 6mo after surgery(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups(P>0.05). Follow-up of 1-3d, 1a after operation showed there were no significant differences between the two groups in the orthophoria rate, over-correction rate or under-correction rate(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: In the treatment of children with complex strabismus by surgical correction of concomitant exotropia, the combined use of inferior oblique weakening procedures may not affect the correction effects of exotropia. When the surgery is designed, the impact of inferior oblique weakening procedures can be ignored.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the clinical effects of internet visual perceptual training system and synoptophore training for patients binocular visual function, who has finished strabismus surgery.

METHODS: A total of 100 patients binocular visual function after strabismus surgery, divided into experimental group(50 cases)and control group(50 cases)according to the postoperative training system. Experimental group were treated with internet visual perceptual training system; control group were treated with synoptophore training, after 3mo, 6mo and 12mo, the binocular visual functional were examined.

RESULTS: At 12mo after treatment,the total efficiency of the experimental group was 88.0%, and the control group was 56.0%, there was significant difference(P<0.05). Compared the effective race between the two groups, age from 6 years old to 17 years old, there was significant difference(88.6% vs 45.7%,P<0.05). During the test, there was no complication and serious adverse event.

CONCLUSION:The efficiency of internet visual perceptual training system is better than that of synoptophore training in patients' visual function rebuilding after strabismus surgery. The efficacy of the internet visual perceptual training system group for patients with strabismus was age-related.

Abstract:AIM: To discuss the effect of fresnel press-on prisms combined with mental image network training on binocular visual function recovery of the postoperative concomitant strabismus(CS).

METHODS: Totally 120 postoperative children with CS were selected from January 2015 to January 2018 in our hospital. According to the random digital table method, they were divided into the combination group and the prism group, 60 cases in each group, the prism group was given fresnel press-on prisms treatment, the combination group was given mental image network training on the basis, the visual function recovery of the two groups was compared.

RESULTS: After 6mo treatment, binocular visual machine visual function and Titmus near stereopsis visual function in both groups were significantly higher than before, and the binocular visual machine visual function and Titmus near stereopsis visual function in the combination group were significantly higher than those in the single press group, the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.05). The long distance fusion function normal rates in the combination group and the prism group were significantly higher than those before treatment, the long distance fusion function normal rate in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the prism press group, the difference was statistically significant(93.3% vs 70.0%, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Fresnel press-on prisms combined with mental image network training can effectively promote the binocular visual function recovery of the postoperative children with CS, which is worth for further clinical promotion.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Daytona ultra-widefield retinal imaging device in preoperative fundus examination before refractive surgery.

METHODS: A consecutive series of 624 eyes in 312 patients intended to performing refractive surgery with myopia were examined fundus by the Daytona ultra-widefield retinal imaging device before dilating pupil. After dilating pupil, the non-contact slit lamp lenses and three-mirror contact lens were used to examine fundus again.

RESULTS: Average examination time of the Daytona and non-contact slit lamp lenses was 5.38±1.25min and 7.25±3.23min respectively, there was no statistical significant difference(P<0.001). The Daytona detected peripheral retinal pathology in 107 eyes(17.1%)and the non-contact slit lamp lenses detected peripheral retinal pathology in 108 eyes(17.3%), 126 lesions were detected and there was no statistical significant difference between the two methods(P=1.000).

CONCLUSION: The Daytona has non-contact, shorter time and ultra-widefield view of the retina which is a reliable method in examining the retinal pathology without mydriasis.