Abstract:AIM: To investigate the effect of cultured limbal stem cells on proliferating of vascular endothelial cells and validate the theory of limbal stem cells.

METHODS: The limbal stem cells and epithelium cells of bulbar conjunctiva were cultured and determined by immunohistochemistry staining with AE-5. The supernatant was collected and added into the cultured human umbilical vein endothelium cells(ECV-304). The negative control was set up. After 24h, MTT was done to detect endothelium cell proliferation. The statistical analysis was done by analysis of Variance.

RESULTS: Negative stain of AE-5 can be seen in limbal stem cells and positive stain can be seen in conjunctiva cells. The ratio of MTT added by limbal stem cell supernatant, conjunctiva epithelium cell and negative control were 2.097±0.079, 1.981±0.034 and 1.990±0.044, respectively. There were significant difference among the three groups(F=9.169, P=0.000). The proliferate activity of vascular endothelial cells added by supernatant of limbal stem cells was higher than the other two groups(P=0.005 and P=0.007, respectively).

CONCLUSION:The supernatant of limbal stem cells can improve the proliferation of vascular endothelium cell. This may be the unique characteristics of limbal stem cells. This study provides more evidences for the theory of limbal stem cells by determining the functional methods.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the visual, refractive and clinical outcomes of non-topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)and corneal collagen cross linking(CXL)in eyes with keratoconus.

METHODS: Totally 34 cases were evaluated for uncorrected distance visual acuities(UDVA)and corrected distance visual acuities(CDVA), flat and steep keratometry readings, and complications were evaluated at 1mo, 3mo, 6mo and 12mo postoperatively.

RESULTS: Thirty-four patients with mean age of 23.3±4.0 years. Statistically significant improvement was shown in UCVA and CDVA, with steadiness of refection for 1y postoperative. T-test showed a significant difference(P<0.05)in all means between the preoperative and postoperative values(visual acuity, spherical and cylinder changes), with stability over a 1y follow up. Fourier analysis of postoperative images showed an axis shift perpendicular to the preoperative axis.

CONCLUSION: Simultaneous non-topography-guided PRK and CXL is safe and effective surgical alternative for keratoconus, yielding improvement in the UDVA, CDVA, and refractive status. Stabilization was achieved as early as 3mo after surgery, the only advantage of topography-guided over non-topography-guided PRK might be the minimal over correction of sphere and the cylindrical axis shift in some patients as detected by Fourier analysis of postoperative pentacam.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the effect of adiponectin(APN)on proliferation, migration and tube formation of RF/6A(monkey choroid and retinal endothelial cell line)cells cultured in the conditions of high glucose.

METHODS: Well-cultured RF/6A cells in vitro were randomly divided into four groups: blank control group, mannitol control group, high glucose group and high glucose+10μg/mL APN group. Cell proliferation, migration and tube formation was detected by CCK-8 assay, transwell chamber and matrigel assay, respectively.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the cell proliferation rate(100.00%±0.00% vs 99.09%±0.46%), the number of cell migration(121.60±6.02 vs 119.60±9.39)and the number of tube formation(12.11±0.84 vs 12.22±0.96)between the blank control group and mannitol control group(all P>0.05). The cell proliferation rate of the high glucose group(71.42%±2.29%)was significantly lower than that of the blank control group and the mannitol control group, and the number of cell migration(144.20±9.65)and tube formation(16.00±2.90)of the high glucose group were significantly higher than that of the blank control group and the mannitol control group(all P<0.05). The proliferation rate of cells in the high glucose+APN group(90.87%±1.68%)was significantly lower than that of the blank control group and the mannitol control group, while higher than that in the high glucose group(all P<0.05). The number of cell migration(73.00±6.04)and tube formation(7.89±0.38)in the high glucose+APN group was significantly lower than that of the blank control group, the mannitol control group and the high glucose group(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: APN can promote the survival and proliferation of RF/6A cells, and inhibit the migration and tube formation of RF/6A cells under high glucose conditions, suggesting that APN has a protective effect on the damage of RF/6A cells caused by high glucose and inhibits the angiogenesis process under pathological stimulations.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the role of cellular autophagy in the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 by retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells under hypoxia.

METHODS: A cultured human RPE cell line was randomly divided into the hypoxia group, 3-methyladenine(3-MA)+ hypoxia group, chloroquine(CQ)+ hypoxia group and the control group. Cells incubated in a hypoxic incubator were set as the hypoxia group. After culture for 24h, western blot was used to analyze the relative expression of autophagy-associated key proteins in each group, including microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3B), Beclin-1 and p62. Then, ELISA was applied to detect the concentration of IL-1β and IL-6 in the cell culture supernatants.

RESULTS: The concentration of IL-1β and IL-6 in the hypoxia group was significantly higher than that in the control group 3-MA+hypoxia group and CQ+ hypoxia group(all P<0.01). The relative expression of LC3B-II/I and Beclin-1 in the hypoxia group was significantly higher than that in the control group and 3-MA+hypoxia group. The relative expression of LC3B-II/I in the hypoxia group was significantly lower than that in the CQ+ hypoxia group(all P<0.01). The relative expression of p62 in the hypoxia group was significantly lower than that in the control group, 3-MA+hypoxia group and CQ+ hypoxia group(all P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Hypoxia can enhance the expression of LC3B-II/I and Beclin-1 in RPE cells, weaken the expression of p62, and promote the secretion of IL-1β and IL-6. Autophagy inhibitors 3-MA and CQ can reduce the expression of IL-1βand IL-6 in RPE cells.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the effect of aflibercept on the expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3)in rat retinal Müller cells.

METHODS: The rat retinal Müller cells treated with different concentrations of Aflibercept 100 μL(diluted concentrations of 400, 200, 100 pg/mL, respectively). MTT assay were used to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry. Apoptosis were detected by the instrument, cell invasion were detected by transwell chamber method, and protein(AKT, STAT3, GAPDH)expression were detected by Western-blot method.

RESULTS: The proliferation activity of Müller cells were decreased with the increased of aflibercept concentration, and compared the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05). After treatment for 48h, the apoptotic rate of Müller cells were gradually increased with the increased of aflibercept concentration, and the invasion and penetration index of Müller cells gradually were decreased, and compared the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05). After 48 h of transfection, the relative expression of AKT protein in Müller cells were not change significantly with the increased of Aflibercept concentration(P>0.05), and the relative expression of STAT3 protein decreased gradually, and compared the difference were statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Aflibercept can inhibit the expression of STAT3 protein in rat retinal Müller cells, thereby inhibit cell proliferation and invasion and promote apoptosis.

Abstract:AIM:To study the effect of biological keratoconjunctivitis combined with Ganciclovir Pellicles in patients with infectious keratitis and the effect on serum levels of inflammatory factors.

METHODS: In this study, 54 patients with 54 eyes were selected as the research object and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method. All patients were treated with bioartificial corneal transplantation. The patients in the observation group were treated with Ganciclovir eye drops, and the control group was treated with Aciclovir eye drops. The changes of LogMAR visual acuity, corneal transparency, serum inflammatory factors and cytokines were analyzed.

RESULTS: The rates of getting rid of blindness in the observation group and the study group were 93% and 89% respectively(P=0.642). The LogMAR visual acuity of two groups were significantly improved in 1wk and 6mo after operation compared with that before operation(P<0.05). At 7d after operation, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, INF- γ, SOD, NO and MDA in the two groups were significantly improved, and the improvement of the indexes in the observation group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05). The rate of adverse reaction rate between two groups showed no significant difference(P=0.556).

CONCLUSION: Biological keratoconus combined with Ganciclovir has a good effect on viral keratitis, which can improve vision, inflammation and reduce the level of MDA.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the effect of different doses of Ligustrazine on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

METHODS: From March 2016 to March 2017, 90 cases of patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy were studied. According to the simple random method were divided into control group(routine treatment to diabetic retinopathy), routine dose group(conventional treatment to diabetic retinopathy + Ligustrazine 120mg), high dose group(conventional treatment to diabetic retinopathy+Ligustrazine 240mg). The changes of hemodynamics, therapeutic effect and adverse reaction were compared among the three groups.

RESULTS: The peak systolic blood flow velocity(PSV)and end diastolic blood flow velocity(EDV)of central retinal artery, posterior ciliary artery and ophthalmic artery in three groups after treatment were higher than those before treatment, and the resistance index(RI)was lower than that before treatment(P<0.05); the PSV and EDV of central retinal artery, posterior ciliary artery and ophthalmic artery in the conventional dose group and the high dose group after treatment were higher than those in the control group, and RI was lower. There was no significant difference in PSV, EDV and RI of central retinal artery, posterior ciliary artery and ophthalmic artery between routine dose group and high dose group(P>0.05). The effective rates of control group, routine dose group and high dose group were 40%, 70% and 77%, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.017). The incidence of adverse reactions in control group, conventional dose group and high dose group were 17%, 23% and 27%, respectively, with no significant difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: In the treatment of non-proliferative DR, the combination of Ligustrazine on the basis of routine treatment can improve the therapeutic effect, improve local blood circulation, and increase the use of Ligustrazine can improve the therapeutic effect, without increasing the risk of adverse reactions. Therefore, 240mg Ligustrazine is recommended for the treatment of DR.

Abstract:Herpes simplex viral keratitis(HSK)is caused by herpes simplex virus a serious infective corneal disease. Herpes simplex virus(HSV)infection comes in two forms: primary and recurrent.Between them, the recurrent herpes simplex virus infection way of relevant mechanisms and intervention is the research focus in recent years. In this article, we've introduced the recurrent immune system and treatment of the recurrent herpes of herpes simplex, analysed the newly discovered drugs against herpes simplex virus recurrence, and we're hoping to develop a new form of intervention, a chemical that has a stronger effect and less toxic, so that we can reduce the potential side effects and provide better treatment results.

Abstract:Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome(ICES)is a rare ocular disease characterized by abnormal structure and proliferation of the corneal endothelium, the anterior chamber angle, and the iris. Common clinical features include corneal edema, secondary glaucoma and iris atrophy. ICES often occurs in young women, and most of them are monocular. Its pathogenesis is still unclear, the symptoms are various, and the blindness rate is high. The disease is difficult to diagnose, and there is no ideal treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of ICES in order to help the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Abstract:Fundus blood vessels are the only terminal blood vessels that observed in the human body. Many diseases have pathological changes in fundus blood vessels. Through the study of these pathological changes, the fundus vascular changes can be used to diagnose diseases. This article summarizes some of the common pathological changes in fundus blood vessels. As well as the common diseases that cause these changes, it is hoped that some diseases can be associated with retinal vascular changes to facilitate the diagnosis of clinical diseases.

Abstract:Hyaluronic acid(HA)is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix(ECM), and it is participated in many cells physiology and pathological processes, such as tissue reconstruction, expansion of cell gap, inflammation and tumorigenesis and so on. CD44 is a cell surface receptor for HA and widely distributed cell surface glycoprotein, which paticipate in specific adhesion of cell to cell and cell to matrix. CD44 is the most important hyaluronic acid receptor on the cell surface. Besides, CD44 is the main site of binding to HA. In this paper, we will elaborate from three aspects: the binding of HA and CD44 and its molecular basis, the expression and significance of HA/CD44 in glial cells(including Müller cells)and the expression and significance of HA/CD44 in the optic nerve, which makes readers have an understanding of the role of HA and CD44.

Abstract:Thymosin is a kind of protein that is widely distributed in many tissues. It has many biological activities. Thymosin is divided into three subtypes: thymosin α, thymosin β and thymosin γ. Thymosin β4(Tβ4)is the most widely distributed in normal human body. A large number of studies have confirmed that Tβ4 has the functions of anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis and promoting proliferation. Ocular surface diseases are mostly related to ocular surface injury and inflammation. Therefore, promoting wound repair and healing and anti-inflammatory are the key to the treatment of ocular surface diseases. The present review mainly introduces the distribution, structure, synthesis of Tβ4 and its protective effect on ocular surface.

Abstract:Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a common microvascular complication of diabetes caused by chronic hyperglycemia and ischemia, which can seriously impair the patient's vision or even cause blindness. The main causes of visual impairment include macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage and neovascular glaucoma. Retinal laser photocoagulation is one of the most important therapies for DR. The thermal effects of laser photocoagulation can denature proteins, coagulate and destruct tissue, and finally scars occur. The scar tissue which consumes very low oxygen replaces the cones and rod and reduces tissue oxygen consumption significantly, and relieves the retinal ischemia and hypoxia especially for the middle and peripheral part of retina. However, complications such as macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, and visual field defects may occur easily following laser treatment. This article reviews recent literatures about the complications and preventions of laser photocoagulation in DR treatment.

Abstract:Alport syndrome(AS)is a genetic disease characterized by abnormal basement membrane structure of the kidneys, ears and eyes. The incidence of the disease is 1:5000 approximately. The report on ocular manifestations is relatively scarce, however, it is of great value to diagnosis of the disease. The ocular tissue histopathological analysis provides an effective method to uncover the pathological mechanisms of AS. Besides, it is good for understanding and treatment of AS.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the early visual quality differences of femtosecond laser small incision matrix lens extraction(SMILE)versus femtosecond laser excimer laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK).

METHODS: From February 2017 to February 2018, 78 patients(including 156 eyes)with SMILE myopia were enrolled in our hospital. Eighty patients(160 eyes)who underwent LASIK myopia in the same period were selected. All patients were followed up for three times. Months were observed for surgical outcomes, high-order aberrations, and contrast sensitivity(CS)status.

RESULTS: At 1mo and 3mo postoperatively, the central corneal thickness change rate in the SMILE group was(-14.48±2.67)%,(-13.54±2.90)% lower than that of LASIK(-17.92±2.85)%,(-15.63±2.71)%, and intraocular pressure changes. The rates were(-27.08±3.64)% and(-24.41±3.28)% were lower than those in the LASIK group(-29.26±3.81)% and(-27.01±3.62)%(P<0.05). The total high-order aberrations of the SMILE group were the sputum difference was lower than that of LASIK group(P<0.05). The SMILE group values were(1.86±0.21),(1.52±0.23)and(0.91±0.14)when the spatial frequency of glare CS was 1.5, 12.0 and 18.0 at 1mo after operation was higher than the LASIK group(1.71±0.20),(1.41±0.25),(0.81±0.12)(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: SMILE has a lower effect on patients with higher-order aberrations than LASIK, and the early visual quality is better.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy of phacoemulsification combined with angle separation with trabeculectomy in the treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma complicated with cataract.

METHODS: A total of 46 patients(60 eyes)diagnosed as acute angle-closure glaucoma complicated with cataract in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. Thirty eyes were treated with phacoemulsification combined with chamber angle separation(group A). Thirty eyes were treated with trabeculectomy(group B). The visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP)and central anterior chamber depth were observed at preoperative and 4d, 7d, 1mo, 3mo postoperative.

RESULTS: The LogMAR visual acuity of group A(0.20±0.18)was significantly higher than that of group B(0.39±0.09)at 3mo postoperatively(P<0.05). Before operation, IOP in group A(18.3±5.0mmHg)was no difference to IOP(17.2±1.9mmHg)postoperatively(P>0.05). Before operation, IOP in group B(18.2±5.0mmHg)was significantly difference to IOP(12.4±2.1mmHg)postoperatively(P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in IOP between groups in 3mo after surgery(P<0.05). In group A, the preoperative anterior chamber depth(ACD)was 2.23±0.21mm. The ACD was 3.46±0.1mm at 3mo postoperatively. In group B, the preoperative ACD was 2.21±0.12mm. The ACD was 3.36±0.09mm at 3mo postoperatively. In group A, there was no significant difference between the preoperative visual field loss(6.32±1.57db)and the 3mo postoperatively(6.54±1.42db)(P>0.05). In group B, there was no significant difference between the preoperative visual field loss(6.31±1.46db)and the 3mo postoperatively(6.57±1.52db)(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: In this study, phacoemulsification combined with angle separation and trabeculectomy are both effectively in controlling IOP of acute angle-closure glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the correlation between erythrocyte immune function and serum erythropoietin(EPO)and plasma endothelin-1(ET-1)in patients with angle-closure glaucoma.

METHODS: Totally 30 patients with angle-closure glaucoma(case group)and 30 normal eyes(control group)were selected from our hospital from June 2017 to October 2017. The erythrocyte immune function, serum EPO and plasma ET-1 levels were measured and compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The rosette rate of erythrocyte C3b receptor in the case group was significantly lower than that in the control group(10.81%±2.01% vs 18.06%±3.44%), the rosette rate of erythrocyte immune complex was significantly higher than that in the control group(17.21%±3.49% vs 11.74%±2.14%), the serum EPO concentration was significantly higher than that in the control group(26.10%±5.22mU/mL vs 22.68%±4.06mU/mL), and the plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly higher than that in the control group(70.85%±7.16ng/L vs 58. 43±5.09ng/L). The rosette rate of erythrocyte C3b receptor in patients with angle-closure glaucoma was positively correlated with serum EPO concentration(r=0.271, P<0.05), but not with plasma ET-1 concentration.

CONCLUSION: There is a positive correlation between erythrocyte immune function and serum EPO concentration in patients with angle-closure glaucoma.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of ranibizumab and conbercept on macular edema secondary to non-ischemic retinal vein occlusion.

METHODS: Totally 80 cases(80 macular edema eyes)with macular edema secondary to non-ischemic retinal vein occlusion patients enrolled into our hospital from March 2014 to May 2018 were collected into our study and randomly divided into the group A(40 cases)and the group B(40 cases). The patients in the group A and group B underwent ranibizumab and conbercept intravitreal injections, respectively. The intraocular pressure, central macular thickness(CMT), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and central macular volume(CMV), the number of injections and the occurrence of ocular complications before and after treatment of 2 groups were recorded and compared.

RESULTS: After treatment 2wk to 3mo, compared with the group A, the CMT, BCVA, CMV and the cases of intravitreal injections had decreased(P<0.05), meanwhile the visual acuity had increased in the group B(65% vs 38%, P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(5% vs 0%, P=0.999).

CONCLUSION: Compared with the ranibizumab, the conbercept has advantage in treatment of macular edema secondary to non-ischemic retinal vein occlusion by improving the visual acuity, reducing the CMT, CMV and the times of intravitreal injections.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of intravitreal injection of conbercept combined with triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema(DME).

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study comprised of 43 eyes in 40 patients who suffered from DME. There were 2 groups, groups A and B, according to the different therapies. Group A(22 eyes of 21 patients)were treated with intravitreal injection of 0.5mg/0.05mL conbercept and 2mg triamcinolone acetonide(TA). Group B(21 eyes of 19 patients)were treated with intravitreal injection of 0.5mg/0.05mL conbercept. All the patients were followed up to 24wk. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), central macular thickness(CMT)and complications were recorded and analyzed prior to operation and 1d, 1wk, 4wk, 8wk, 12wk and 24wk after operation.

RESULTS:Group A: the BCVA of 22 eyes of 21 patients treated with intravitreal injection of 0.5mg/0.05mL and 2 mg triamcinolone acetonide on 1d, 1wk, 4wk, 8wk, 12wk and 24wk were significantly different from that(LogMAR 0.83±0.03)prior to treatment(P<0.05), and the BCVA was achieved at 8wk(LogMAR 0.23±0.04). The CMT were significantly different from that(612.4±47.6μm)prior to treatment(P<0.05). The average number of injections was 2.7 injections within 24wk; Group B: the VA of 21 eyes in 21 patients treated with intravitreal injection of 0.5mg/0.05mL on 1d, 1wk, 4wk, 8wk, 12wk and 24wk were significantly different from that(LogMAR 0.79±0.09)prior to treatment(P<0.05), and the BCVA was achieved at 4wk(LogMAR 0.25±0.06). The CMT were significantly different from that(597.8±62.4μm)prior to treatment(P<0.05). The average number of injections was 3.6 injections within 24wk.There was statistically significant difference in the interval between the first and second injections of two groups(P<0.05). There were no significant difference in IOP.

CONCLUSION: In summary, combined intravitreal injection of conbercept and TA is a safe and effective treatment for DME. The effect is more durable and the injection frequency can be reduced. The combination of anti-VEGF and corticosteroids may be an effective treatment for DME.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab plus low power 532 laser versus 532 laser alone for treating retinal vein occlusion(RVO)with macular edema complication.

METHODS: Retrospective study of 48 patients diagnosed RVO complicated with macular edema from June 2017 to March 2018. Group A of 31 eyes(31 patients)were treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab plus low power 532 laser(the power is about 2/3 of the power of group B, about 100-130mw), and group B of 17 eyes(17 patients)were treated with 532 laser(the power is 150-200mw)alone. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), foveal retinal thickness(CMT), FFA and fundus were observed both before and after treatment at timepoint of 1mo, 2mo and 3mo between the two groups.

RESULTS: In group A, BCVA was 0.84±0.02, 0.49±0.04, 0.29±0.04, 0.26±0.04 before and the 1, 2, 3mo after treatment. In group B, BCVA was 0.85±0.04, 0.58±0.01, 0.53±0.01, 0.53±0.02. The CMT value of group A before and after treatment was 527.5±17.59, 371±17.36, 298.5±32.87, 257.75±17.30μm, respectively. Group B was 535±16.36, 425±24.44, 420.25±17.70, 427.75±17.89μm. Intra-group comparison show statistical differences, group A had lower BCVA and CMT value than group B at the same time point(P<0.05). Inter-group comparison with pre-treatment, there was significant difference in BCVA between 1mo, 2mo and 3mo after treatment(P<0.05). The CMT and BCVA value from group A are the lowest.

CONCLUSION: Both methods are effective in treating RVO with macular edema, improving vision, alleviating ME, and effectively controlling the disease.However, combined treatment can significantly reduce macular edema, improve vision, and be more stable than laser treatment alone.

Abstract:AIM:To discuss the effect of ranibizumab combined with vitrectomy(VT)on the serum vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)and human stromal cell derived factor 1(SDF-1)expression in patients with PDR.

METHODS: Totally 120 patients with PDR were selected from January 2017 to January 2018 in our hospital, according to the random digital table, they were divided into group A and group B, 60 cases in each group, group A was given VT treatment, group B was given ranibizumab vitreous injection treatment on this basis, the VT operation, complication and VEGF-A, SDF-1, BCVA, CMT were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The postoperative serum VEGF-A and SDF-1 levels in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the preoperative, and the group B was significantly lower than group A(P<0.05). The VT operation time, electrocoagulation, intraoperative bleeding and complication rate in the group B were significantly lower than those in the group A(P<0.05). The 1d, 3mo postoperative BCVA, CMT in the two groups were significantly lower than those in the preoperative, and the group B was significantly lower than the group A(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: ranibizumab combined with VT can effectively improve the serum VEGF-A and SDF-1 levels in patients with PDR, it can reduce the trauma and complications of VT, and improve the BCVA and CMT in patient.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the relationship between insulin treatment and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODS: We collected data from 415 patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated at the Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital endocrinology unit from 2016 to 2018. The patients were divided into 6 groups based on the therapies they received and were divided into 3 groups based on the results of fundus angiography. All patients' general information were collected. Then we gathered the morning fasting venous blood and measured the fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, C peptide and analyzed the differences in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and fasting c-peptide in patients with different drugs and retinopathy groups and the relationship between insulin dosage and the severity of DR.

RESULTS: There were differences in the proportion of diabetic retinopathy among different treatment groups, and the dosage of insulin was different among different DR groups. The cut point affect the occurrence of retinopathy of insulin is 35.7 U/d, 4.5 years.

CONCLUSION: The effect of different hypoglycemic regimens on diabetic retinopathy were different. Insulin treatment is positively correlated with the incidence and severity of type 2 diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the interocular aberration root mean squares(RMS)characteristics among different severities of hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.

METHODS: Sixty hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia were enrolled and divided into mild, moderate and severe groups. Each group was then divided into amblyopic eye(AE)and fellow eye(FE)subgroups according to the corrected visual acuity of each subject. All patients underwent wavefront analysis with iDesign^© wavefront aberration system(AMO, USA)in mydriasis condition. Paired t-test was used to compare interocular differences of aberration parameters within groups.

RESULTS: Paired t-test showed that significant differences in defocus equivalent(DE), BCVA between AE and FE in mild, moderate and severe anisometropic amblyopia(all P<0.01). No significant interocular difference was noticed in mild group except for forth-order aberration RMS(P<0.01). And No significant interocular differences were noticed in moderate and severe group except for total aberration RMS(both P<0.01). One-way ANOVA showed that significant interocular differences were noticed in third-order aberration RMS among the groups(P<0.01). LSD showed that interocular difference of third-order aberration RMS in moderate group was significant lower than that in mild and moderate groups(both P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: In mydriasis condition, mild anisometropic amblyopia showed higher forth-order aberration RMS in AE than that in FE, moderate and sever amblyopia showed higher total aberration RMS in AE than that in FE. Moderate anisometropic amblyopia manifested lower interocular differences of third-order aberrations RMS than mild and severe amblyopia, but no significant interocular differences observed between mild and severe amblyopia.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effect of vitrectomy combined with gas-liquid exchange on the treatment of posterior segment nonmagnetic foreign body and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)after operation.

METHODS: Totally 84 patients(86 eyes)were enrolled in this study. They were divided into observation group and control group, each group with 42 cases(43 eyes). The control group was treated with vitrectomy alone, and the observation group was treated with gas-liquid exchange combined with vitrectomy. The operation time, foreign body clearance rate, retinal recovery rate, BCVA level, macular central retinal thickness, and complications were compared between two groups.

RESULTS: The operation time and complication rate of the observation group were lower than those of the control group. The rate of foreign body clearance and retinal reattachment was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The BCVA and macular center retinal thickness were lower in the observation group than in the control group at each time point(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Gas-liquid exchange combined with vitrectomy for the treatment of non-magnetic foreign bodies in the posterior segment of the eye is effective, which can improve the postoperative visual acuity, the retinal edema and reduce surgical complications.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the postoperative quality of life in age-related cataract patients and to analyze influencing factors in Hezheng county of Gansu Province.

METHODS: Totally 195 cases of diagnosed age-related cataract patients who have voluntarily received SIECCE+IOL cataract surgeries were recruited in this study by cluster random sampling. Quality of life before and half year after the surgeries were studied by eye health related QOL scale developed and modified by referring to the questionnaires from National Institute of Research of the United States and India Aravind Eye Hospital.

RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-three questionnaires are valid for the study(99.0%). Half of total score of each dimension is defined as an average level of quality of life. The scores of study patients are all lower comparing to average level from perspective of physical function, independence/self-care function, social role and social function, psychological health. And the scores of all the dimensions of quality of life of postoperative patients are lower than those before surgeries(all P<0.001). Increased binocular best corrected visual acuity after surgery and visual impairment time influences significantly on the quality of life of patients after cataract surgery.

CONCLUSION: Surgical intervention can significantly improve the quality of life in age related cataract patients. Visual impairment time before surgery and the increased binocular best corrected visual acuity after surgery are the main influencing factors of postoperative quality of life in age related cataract patients.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the effects of improving the dominant and non-dominant eye vision on the balance function of age-related cataract patients with a 3mo follow-up.

METHODS: Totally 106 patients with age-related cataract underwent monocular surgery were recruited. According to whether the surgical eyes were dominant, cases were divided into two groups: the dominant eye group(50 cases)and the non-dominant eyes(56 cases). Balance function(Berg balance scale, timed “up and go”)were tested 1d before surgery and 3mo after surgery.

RESULTS: The preoperative and postoperative Berg balance scale score changes were as followes: 50.08±4.92, 51.60±4.96, 1.52±1.14, in dominant eye group and 50.73±3.08, 51.67±2.65, 0.94±1.35 in the non-dominant eye group, there were no statistically differences in the first two items, and the amount of changes were statistically different(P=0.02). The preoperative and postoperative timed “up and go”were changed as these, 11.91±4.08s, 10.96±3.66s, 0.95±1.54s in dominant eye group, and 11.80±3.87s, 10.69±3.16s and 1.11±1.75s in non-dominant eye group, there were no statistically differences in the above three items(all P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: There was no effect on the balance function between the improvement of the visual acuity on dominant and the non-dominant eye in the age-related cataract with a 3mo follow-up.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the application effect of single-pass four-throw pupilloplasty in combined surgery of cataract and glaucoma.

METHODS: Twenty eight patients(30 eyes)suffered from acute attack of glaucoma with large pupil and cataract, received cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation combined with angle separation or trabeculectomy and single-pass four-throw pupilloplasty in apllication. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, pupil diameter and complications were observed, and postoperative visual quality were measured.

RESULTS: The visual acuity of 7d after operation was significantly improved without double vision and glare. The preoperative pupil diameter was 5.9+0.25mm, and the postoperative was 4.1±0.13mm(P<0.05). Postoperative visual quality was significantly improved(P<0.05). Among the intraoperative complications, there were 5 cases 5 eyes of iridodelamination avulsion after suture, 1 case 1 eye of small holes near the formed pupil and 3 cases 3 eyes of small blood seepage at the iris root, which recovered well after the corresponding treatment. The inflammation of anterior chamber were common at the early postoperative period, and inflammatory absorption after anti-inflammatory treatment. Long-term observation showed no loosening or shedding of the line knot in the pupil area.

CONCLUSION: Single-pass four-throw pupilloplasty is simple, safe and effective. It can obviously eliminate the visual impairment caused by the large pupil after acute glaucoma attack.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the changes in intraocular pressure(IOP)after laser suture lysis after trabeculectomy associated with 5-Fluoroaracil and the correlate the effect in relation to the time of laser suture lysis.

METHODS: Prospective interventional study of sixty eyes of sixty patients. Trabeculectomy associated with 5-Fluoroaracil was performed for 60 patients with glaucoma. Laser suture lysis was carried out according to the IOP of post trabeculectomy. 21mmHg was used as the cut off for the achievement of target IOP. According to the timing of laser suture lysis, patients post trabeculectomy were divided into three groups: <2wk, 2^nd-4^thwk and >4wk.

RESULTS: The differences of IOP prelaser suture lysis showed no statistical significance among three groups(P=0.999). The difference of IOP following 12wk post laser suture lysis showed significant statistical significance(P<0.05)among three groups. When laser suture lysis was performed during 2^nd-4^th week post trabeculectomy, 28 patients(74%)achieved the target IOP. Target IOP achieved is negatively correlated to higher week of lysis(P_trend=0.069).

CONCLUSION: Laser suture lysis during 2^nd-4^th week post trabeculectomy associated with 5-Fluoroaracil is an effective and safe technique for reducing IOP.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the hemostatic effect and mechanism of triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).

METHODS: Totally 400 patients were treated in our hospital for PDR between January 2013 and March 2014. All subjects were divided into groups. The control group was treated with vitrectomy directly. The observation group was treated with triamcinolone acetonide at 4-14d before surgery. The differences of the indexes and complications in postoperative vision correction were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The expression levels of u-PA, t-PA and PAI-1 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01). The operation time and blood loss during the observation period were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.01). The incidence of retinal breaks and vitreous hemorrhage in the group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of macular edema after the operation was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy in patients with PDR is often accompanied by hemorrhage and various complications. The use of triamcinolone acetonide can regulate the level of multiple clotting factors in the vitreous cavity of the patient, thereby reducing the amount of bleeding or directly exerting hemostasis, increasing surgical safety, reducing the incidence of complications, which is worthy of clinical application.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effects of vitrectomy simultaneously combined with phacoemulsification on visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), central macular thickness(CMT)and postoperative complications in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).

METHODS:Totally 90 PDR patients(98 eyes)admitted to the hospital from February 2015 to February 2017 were divided into two groups according to the principle of voluntariness: group A(vitectomy simultaneously combined with lensectomy, 45 cases, 50 eyes)and group B(vitrectomy simultaneously combined with phacoemulsification, 45 cases, 48 eyes). The follow-up period was 6mo. The visual acuity improvement, IOP before and after surgery, CMT and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The visual acuity improvement after surgery in group B was significantly better than that in group A, and the improving rate of visual acuity was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IOP before and after surgery between the two groups(P>0.05). The CMT after surgery was decreased significantly in both groups. CMT in both groups was not statistically different(P>0.05). The incidence rates of postoperative complication ssuch as INV, capsule turbidity, corneal edema, pupil hijacking and hard exudate in group B were significantly lower than those in group A(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Vitrectomy simultaneously combined with phacoemulsification have obvious efficacy on PDR, which promote recovery of postoperative visual acuity, reduce CMT, and it has low risk of postoperative complications.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of vitrectomy combined with stage I/II intraocular lens implantation for diabetic retinopathy complicated with cataract.

METHODS: Select 67 case(76 eyes)of diabetic retinopathy complicated with cataract patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University during March 2015 to April 2017 as retrospective analysis. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into group A(stage I vitrectomy + phacoemulsification + silicone oil filling + intraocular lens implantation, phase II silicone oil extraction)and group B(stage I vitrectomy + lens phacoemulsification + silicone oil filling), stage II silicone oil extraction + intraocular lens implantation). The visual acuity improvement, intraocular pressure and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: At 3mo after operation, there was no difference in visual acuity between the two groups(P>0.05). There was no significant change in intraocular pressure between the two groups 3mo before and after surgery(P>0.05). Vitreous hemorrhage(3% vs 5%), choroidal hemorrhage(0% vs 2%), retinal detachment(6% vs 2%), retinal tears(6% vs 10%)There was no significant difference in incidence(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with I/II intraocular lens implantation for diabetic retinopathy complicated with cataract.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the factors affecting reduction and vision recovery after minimally invasive scleral compression with RRD detachment.

METHODS: From December 2014 to October 2017, 296 cases(296 eyes)of incipient RRD patients in our hospital were selected as the research objects. All patients underwent minimally invasive scleral compression, the postoperative retinal reduction rate and BCVA were observed, and the factors that may affect the retinal reduction and visual recovery were analyzed.

RESULTS: A total of 272 eyes(91.9%)were successfully restored after minimally invasive postoperative scleral compression for the first time. Perioperative factors affecting retinal reduction include the number of holes, retinal detachment range and grade C1 PVR. At the follow-up of 6mo, 196 eyes(66.2%)had BCVA ≥0.4, and 100 eyes(33.8%)had BCVA <0.4. Duration of disease, preoperative BCVA, retinal detachment, and macular involvement were risk factors for postoperative BCVA(all P<0.05), while preoperative BCVA was an independent risk factor for postoperative BCVA recovery(P< 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive scleral extrascleral compression is effective in the treatment of retinal detachment due to simple aperture, with a high postoperative reduction rate. Early detection and early treatment are required for RRD patients.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of scleral buckling surgery combined with 23G vitrectomy in treatment of intraocular foreign body with retinal detachment.

METHODS: Totally 72 cases of patients with intraocular foreign bodies and retinal detachment admitted from January 2014 to January 2018 were selected and divided into the control group(36 cases)and the observation group(36 cases)by random number table method. The patients in the control group were treated with 23G vitrectomy surgery while patients in the observation group were treated with scleral buckling surgery on the basis of the treatment in the control group. The changes of intraocular pressure(IOP)and visual acuity, successful reset, recurrence and complications were observed before operation and 3mo after silicone oil was removed.

RESULTS: There was no difference in IOP and BCVA between the two groups before operation(P>0.05). Three months after silicone oil was removed, IOP and BCVA in two groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation(P<0.05). There was no difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The success rates of one-time anatomical reduction in the observation group and the control group were respectively 97% and 81%(P<0.05). The recurrence rates of the observation group and the control group were respectively 6% and 25%(P<0.05). The incidence of complications was 22% in the observation group and 31% in the control group(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The treatment of scleral buckling combined with 23G vitrectomy in the treatment of intraocular foreign body with retinal detachment can significantly improve the IOP and visual acuity of patients, improve the success rate of reduction, reduce recurrence, and have high safety.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the blood biochemical indexes in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood glucose levels and the correlation of eyegrounds arteriosclerosis.

METHODS: This study selected 2017-02/2018-01 97 cases eyegrounds arteriosclerosis patients of our hospital blood biochemical indicator detection as observation group. The other selected line during the same period to our health physical examination results of 98 cases of normal subjects as control group. Detection of two groups of blood biochemical indicators, and then the comparison.

RESULTS: The total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose and blood pressure levels in observation group were significantly higher than control group(P<0.05). When patients blood biochemical routine blood glucose, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein was high, the degree of eyegrounds arteriosclerosis was higher. By incorporating multiple factors analysis, blood glucose, blood pressure, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels and eyegrounds arteriosclerosis were positively correlated.

CONCLUSION: The blood glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and low density lipoprotein level was higher, the eyegrounds arteriosclerosis in patients was more serious, eyegrounds arteriosclerosis level by clinical testing for treatment monitoring, diagnosis, pathological changes.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy of limbal-conjunctival autograft transplant(LCAT)for double-head pterygium.

METHODS: Prospective case study. Totally 46 patients(54 eyes)diagnosed with double-head pterygium collected in PLA 474 Hospital from January 2014 to July 2015, including 8 patients(16 eyes)with binocular double-head pterygium, 11 patients(11 eyes)with monocular double-head pterygium and the other eye with nasal side pterygium, pterygiun eyes only included as study subject, and 27 patients(27 eyes)with monocular double-head pterygium. The eyes with double-head pterygium underwent pterygium resection and autologous corneal limbal stem cell transplantation, nasal conjunctival flap was gotten from the superior bulbar conjunctiva of affected eye, and temporal conjunctival flap was gotten from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva of other eye. Follow-up the patients on 1d, 7d, 1mo and 1a after operation to complete the vision and slit lamps to observe the complications and pterygium recurrence.

RESULTS: Forty-four patients(52 eyes)completed the follow-up of 1a, while 2 patients(2 eyes)were lost. Three patients(3 eyes)developed recurrence, and the recurrence rate was 6%. Two eyes with nasal side pterygium developed recurrence and 1 eye with temporal side pterygium developed recurrence, while there was no complication observed.

CONCLUSION: Nasal conjunctival flap was gotten from the superior bulbar conjunctiva of affected eye, and temporal conjunctival flap was gotten from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva of other eye for double-head pterygium had good clinical effect and low recurrence rate, which provide a better way to treat double-head pterygium.

Abstract:AIM: To study the related risk factors of diabetic ophthalmoplegia.

METHODS: The clinical data on 120 patients(120 eyes)with diabetic ophthalmoplegia treated in the Department of Ophthalmology in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from June 2008 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. In terms of cranial nerve involvement, patients were divided into three groups: those with oculomotor nerve paralysis(group Ⅲ, 66), abducent nerve paralysis(group Ⅵ, 41), and compound nerve paralysis(groups Ⅲ+Ⅵ, 13). The clinical data of patients were collected and statistically analyzed to screen the related risk factors of diabetic ophthalmoplegia.

RESULTS: Age, gender, diabetes duration, HbA1c level, diabetic retinopathy and hypertension were related to diabetic ophthalmoplegia. Age≥45 years, male gender, diabetes duration≥10a, retinopathy, and HbA1c>7% were independent risk factors for diabetic ophthalmoplegia.

CONCLUSION: The occurrence of diabetic ophthalmoplegia is related to the age, gender, diabetes duration, diabetic retinopathy and HbA1c level.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effect of lacrimal duct probing combined with tobramycin and dexamethasone ophthalmic ointment on ocular surface symptoms and quality of life of patients with lacrimal duct obstruction.

METHODS: A total of 120 patients(120 eyes)with lacrimal duct obstruction treated in the hospital from October 2016 to January 2018 were selected. They were randomly divided into control group(n=60)and observation group(n=60)according to the treatment methods. The control group was treated with simple lacrimal duct probing while the observation group was treated with lacrimal duct probing combined with illing with tobramycin and dexamethasone. The clinical efficacy, changes in ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score, levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and procalcitonin(PCT)before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The clinical efficacy in observation group was significantly better than that in control group(P<0.05). The total score of OSDI, scores of the frequency of eye discomfort, the effect of eye discomfort on daily life and the frequency of eye discomfort caused by adverse environment in the observation group were significantly decreased after treatment(P<0.05). The levels of serum hs-CRP and PCT in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Lacrimal duct probing combined with tobramycin and dexamethasone is markedly effective in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. It can effectively relieve the ocular surface symptoms and improve quality of life of patients.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the clinical effect of correction of congenital districhiasis in children by gray line incision and hair follicle root excision.

METHODS: Thirteen eyes of 8 patients with congenital districhiasis admitted to our hospital from September 1990 to October 2015 were collected. Under general anesthesia or local anesthesia, all the patients were admitted gray line incision and hair follicle root excision. The patients were followed up for 3mo-5a to observe the prognosis.

RESULTS: All the patients' wounds had healed and the eyelid activity was not affected 48h after the operation. Patients were followed up and observed and their districhiasis had completely corrected after surgery. The incision of the gray line of the eyelid margin healed smoothly, no eyelid margin deformity and surgical scar formated. The anterior eyelid lashes were not disturbed by surgery and no entropion, ectropion or trichiasis were found. The posterior lip of the eyelid margin is sharp and flat, keeping the angle of contact with the surface of the eyeball. No entropion or ectropion formation,and no abnormal tear conduction were found, no residual eyelashes. There was no corneal irritation, and the corneal surface infiltration lesion healed.

CONCLUSION: Gray line incision and hair follicle root excision is effective surgery in correction of congenital districhiasis in children with low recurrence rate. The operation is simple and meets the requirements of eyelid physiological function and appearance.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the factors of macular parameters in the patients with the different degrees of myopia.

METHODS: Totally 313 myopia patients who volunteered to participate in the study were selected and divided into mild, moderate and severe myopia groups. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to measure the central area of the macula thickness, the temporal, upper, nasal and lower areas of the inner and outer ring. And the correlation between the macular parameters and age, gender, different of eyes, axial length and spherical equivalent were analyzed.

RESULTS: The central fovea of macula was the thinnest. The superior and the nasal of inner ring were the thinner among all parts of macular and there were significant differences in macular thickness among three groups(P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between the macular thickness and age, different of eyes(P>0.05). Macular thickness in different areas were correlated with gender, and the thickness in women was thinner than men(P<0.05). The macula thickness in all areas of the inner and outer ring was negatively correlated with axial length except the center(P<0.05). The macula thickness in all areas of the inner and outer ring positively correlated with spherical equivalent except the center(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The macular parameters of myopia were closely linked to the spherical equivalent and axial length.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the influencing factors of visual acuity in cataract patients with high myopia after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation, and to explore the correlation between the integrity of ellipsoidal zone and postoperative visual acuity.

METHODS: Retrospective case review. A total of 96(106 eyes)cataract with high myopia patients were enrolled into this study. All patients received phacoemulsification and IOL implantation after preoperative examination. After 6mo of follow-up, the changes of BCVA were compared between preoperative and postoperative 1wk, 1mo, 3mo and 6mo. Compared the integrity of ellipsoidal zone with different ranges of BCVA before and after 6mo surgery. At the same time, the relevant influencing factors affecting postoperative BCVA were analyzed.

RESULTS: The median BCVA of preoperative and postoperative 1wk, 1mo, 3mo and 6mo eyes were 0.80(0.50, 1.70), 0.51(0.28, 1.30), 0.50(0.09, 0.60), 0.30(0.22, 0.90)and 0.30(0.22, 0.70), respectively, there were significant differences(P<0.001). The results showed that there were significant differences in the integrity of ellipsoidal zone with different ranges of BCVA before and after 6mo surgery(P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BCVA at postoperative 6mo was associated with preoperative BCVA and integrity of ellipsoidal zone(P<0.05). However, there was no correlation with age, gender, preoperative average corneal curvature and axial length(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The visual acuity improved after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation for cataract with high myopia. Postoperative visual acuity was correlated with the integrity of ellipsoidal zone and preoperative visual acuity.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the change of axial length in anisometropia myopia with simple eye receiving orthokeratology treated.

METHODS: Totally 56 cases(112 eyes)with anisometropia myopia receiving monocular orthokeratology treated were divided into two groups. For every case, eye wearing orthokeratology was assigned to the experimental group and another eye to the control group. The refraction, corneal curvature and axial length were measured at pre-wear and 1mo discontinuation after wearing orthokeratology 1y.

RESULTS: The statistically significant changes(t=2.8631, P<0.001)of increase in refraction were(0.29±0.15D),(0.76±0.41D)for the experimental and control group respectively. The horizontal corneal curvature was(0.27±0.11D)and(0.20±0.14D)for two groups, and there was no statistically significant difference(t=0.8204, P>0.05). The increase of axial length was(0.14±0.10)mm and(0.32±0.14)mm for the experimental and control group, respectively, and the increase was statistically significant(t=2.7518,P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology can slow down myopia progression by reducing axial length to control myopia increase.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of B-mode ultrasonography in the measurement of different kinds of posterior segment intraocular foreign body(IOFB).

METHODS: IOFBs from a total of 13 eyes collected in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Immediately after IOFBs being taken out, their actual sizes were measured with a ruler. The difference between the pre-operative B-ultrasound measurements and the actual size were compared, and the correlation coefficient was calculated(B-ultrasound measurement/actual size). In order to exclude the possibility that any damage to the IOFB during an operation may interfere with the actual size measurement, different kinds of 5mm long objects(metal, glass and wood)were put into a water sac which was about 20mm-30mm in diameter to mimic IOFB in the eyes respectively. Same measurements for each kind of objects were then preformed and repeated for 4 times.

RESULTS:All the 13 cases of IOFBs, including 12 cases of magnetic metal and one case of glass were removed intact via vitrectomy. Of all metal IOFBs, the average axle length by B-mode ultrasound and the average actual axle length were 3.65±1.30mm and 2.45±0.94mm respectively. All measurements were larger than actual sizes(P=0.016). The average correlation coefficient was 1.49. For the water sac experiment, the average measured values of metal, glass and wood objects were 6.76±0.15mm, 6.55±0.04mm and 6.02±0.07mm, and the average correlation coefficient were 1.35, 1.31 and 1.20 respectively.

CONCLUSION:The measured size is larger than the actual size when B-mode ultrasonographic scan is used to evaluate the posterior segment IOFB, especially for metal and glass objects. Therefore, it is necessary to take into consideration when making incisions for operational IOFB removal.

Abstract:AIM:To assess the clinical application of confocal microscopy combined with corneal scraping in the diagnosis and treatment of fungal keratitis.

METHODS: Totally 56 eyes of 56 patients with fungal keratitis from our hospital were included. All patients underwent confocal microscopy and cornea scraping for smear microscopy and fungal culture. The diagnostic yield was analyzed.

RESULTS: The positive diagnostic rates of confocal microscopy and cornea scraping were 91% and 54% respectively,whereas in combination the positive diagnostic rate increased to 95%. 44 eyes(79%)were clinically cured with drugs alone while 12 eyes(21%)also required surgery.

CONCLUSION: Confocal microscopy examination is non-invasive, with rapid detection and strong repeatability. When combined with corneal scraping it can be used to improve diagnostic yield and guide clinical therapy.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the changes in the central vault after implantable contact lens(ICL)implantation and its impact in patients with high myopia.

METHODS: The clinical data of 27 patients(54 eyes)with high myopia were recievd ICL implantation in our hospital from January 2016 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, the vault was examined by Pentacam scheimpflug system at 1mo and 12mo after operation. The effects of white to white distance, ICL length, ICL degree, equivalent spherical mirror degree(spherical equivalent, SE)and pupil diameter on the change of arch height were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis.

RESULTS: One month after ICL implantation, the vault was 582.45±173.18μm, 12mo after the operation, the vault was 509.47±163.82μm, 12mo after operation was significantly lower than that of 1mo after the operation, the difference was statistically significant(t=2.099, P<0.05); The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the length of ICL, the degree of ICL and the equivalent spherical lenses were independent factors affecting the arch height at 1mo and 12mo after ICU implantation in high myopia patients(P<0.05); The length of ICL and the white to white distance of cornea(WTW)were factors that were significantly associated with a decrease in the vault(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The vault was reduced in 12mo after ICL implantation, and the length of ICL and WTW had a significant influence decrease in the vault. The length of ICL, the degree of ICL and the degree of the equivalent sphere had a significant influence on the vault.