Abstract:AIM: To assess the efficacy, safety, stability and predictability of an implantable Phakic contact lens in patients with stable keratoconus.

METHODS: The uncorrected and the best corrected visual acuity, defocus curve, contrast sensitivity, refraction and possible side effects were measured in 14 patients after utilizing implantable Phakic contact lens(IPCL)to correct refractive errors. The result was assessed for more than 6mo.

RESULTS: The mean preoperative spherical equivalent(SE)and astigmatism got changed from -6.94±2.79 DS and -4.24±1.42 DC to -0.23±0.43 DS and -1.05±0.49 DC, respectively at the last examination after 6mo. Before the preoperative the mean Snellen visual acuity was 0.18±0.10 LogMAR. The mean uncorrected and the best corrected visual acuity got changed to 0.13±0.10 LogMAR and 0.05±0.15 LogMAR, respectively in 6mo. The mean safety indices were 1.11. There was no loss of visual acuity in any of the eyes and 22 eyes(78.5%)gained one or more lines. Twenty eyes(71.4%)were within 0.50 D and 27(96.42%)were within ±1.00 D of the desired spherical equivalent refraction. There was a change in manifest refraction of -0.23±0.43(range from -1.00 to +0.75)from the first week of surgery to 6mo. Contrast sensitivity got improvement value at 3 per degree(P<0.005)after Toric IPCL implantation. The total 6mo corneal endothelial cell loss(ECL)was less than 5%. Intraocular pressure(IOP)was 11.32±2.28 mmHg after 6mo.

CONCLUSION: The clinical consequences of the present study exhibit the efficacy, safety, and predictability of Toric implantable Phakic contact lens in the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism related with stable keratoconus.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the intraocular pressure(IOP)fluctuation at the early stage of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)and silicon oil tamponade in high myopia with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)eyes in diabetic patients and analyze the potential risk factors and effective treatment.

METHODS: One hundred consecutive diabetic patients of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: the experimental group, those who used Tobramycin Dexamethasone Eye Drops(TDED), and control group. Pre- and postoperative IOPs, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFL)and optic nerve head parameters were recorded before and after IOP elevation, and in the contralateral eye before the operation. Graphpad 7.01 was used for data analysis.

RESULTS: IOP elevation occurred in 42 eyes within 1wk after vitrectomy in all diabetic participants. Ocular hypertension(OHTN)was observed in 31 of 53 eyes in experimental group and 11 eyes of 47 eyes in control group at the early stage after operation. Significant differences were found between groups in 5d-1wk and 1mo after vitrectomy. In addition, IOP of 39 eyes had decreased by proper treatment and 3 eyes received glaucoma filtration surgery. Compared to the optic disc parameters before IOP elevation, the average and inferior RNFL thickness were thinner and rim area decreased as well as cup volume and vertical C/D radio increased after IOP elevation. The RNFL thickness of the opposite eyes in patients with IOP elevation was found thinner than the ones who never suffered ocular hypertension.

CONCLUSION: Continual use of glucocorticoid after vitrectomy is a potential risk factor of IOP elevation in high myopia with diabetes, and doubtful open angle glaucoma should be focused on its sensibility to glucocorticoid and IOP elevation.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and type 2 diabetic retinopathy(DR).

METHODS:A total of 200 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus were involved. All patients were divided into three groups according to the fundus examination: diabetes mellitus(DM, n=100), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR, n=62)and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR, n=38). 100 healthy persons were selected as the normal control group(NCG, n=100). The related indicators, such as neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and platelet count were measured.

RESULTS: The value of NLR was significantly higher in PDR group patients than in NC group(1.81), DM group(1.76)and NPDR group(1.85)(P<0.05). The value of PLR was significantly higher in PDR group patients(126.18)than in DM group(111.64)(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age(β= -0.047)was protective factor, course of diabetes(β=0.071)and systolic blood pressure(β=0.024)were risk factors for diabetic retinopathy(P<0.05), but the value of NLR and PLR was not statistically significant in the Logistic regression analysis.

CONCLUSION: The value of NLR and PLR increased in the PDR group, but it is not independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract:AIM: To develop a new murine case with automatically controlled oxygen concentration for generating a mouse disease model of human retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).

METHODS:An oxygen analyzer, an electromagnetic valve, and some of polymethyl methacrylate plates were purchased commercially and used for building up the device. A transparent sealed glass box was built with the organic glass and an adhesive. An opening was arranged in front of box for easy insertion and removal of the cage. A vent was arranged on the side. The KY-2F digital display oxygen controller and solenoid valve were placed on the top of the glass box. The oxygen probe and the air supply pipe through the solenoid valve were put into the box from the top of the glass box, Oxygen controller and solenoid valve were connected. Retina sheets and HE histologically staining were used to evaluate the animal model.

RESULTS: Retina with non-perfusion area and neovascularization were observed in the C57BL/6J mice 17^th days after birth from the group in the case with controlled oxygen. Retina with HE staining showed that the neovascularization has penetrated over internal limiting membrane.

CONCLUSION:The presented methodology here for generating mouse case with controlled oxygen is easy to do and apply, the model can truly mimic ROP histologically.

Abstract:AIM: To study the effect of resveratrol on body mass and biochemical parameters of diabetic cataract model rats.

METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into blank group, model group and treatment group with 10 rats for each. Rats in the blank group were not treated. Rats in the model group and the treatment group were modeled. Rats in the treatment group were intervened with astragalol. Lens opacity, body mass, body growth and biochemical indexes of rats in each group were detected. The right eyeballs of rats in the three groups were stained with HE.

RESULTS: The rats in the blank group had transparent lens and no opacity; the degree of lens opacity and the overall score of cataract in the treatment group were better than those in the model group(P<0.05); at 3^rd and 5^th weeks, the body weight and length of the rats in the treatment group were higher than those in the model group, and the levels of FPG and 2hPG were lower than those in the model group(P<0.05); after 5wk, the biochemical indexes in the treatment group were significantly improved compared with those in the model group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Astragall can improve the degree of lens opacity in diabetic cataract rats, alleviate the effect of disease on the body weight of rats, regulate the level of blood sugar and biochemical indicators in rats, and alleviate the progress of cataract.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the changes of Notch receptors and interleukin(IL)-22 expression in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada(VKH)syndrome, and to assess the regulatory activity of Notch signaling to IL-22 production by CD4⁺ T cells in patients with VKH syndrome.

METHODS: Thirty-five patients with VKH syndrome(including fifteen active VKH and twenty inactive VKH)and twelve healthy controls were enrolled. Plasma was isolated, and CD4⁺T cells were purified. Notch receptors were investigated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Plasma IL-22 expression was measured by ELISA. The percentage of Th17 and Th22 cells was investigated by flow cytometry. CD4⁺T cells, which were purified from active VKH patients, were stimulated with Notch signaling inhibitor DAPT. mRNA expression of transcription factor in CD4⁺T cells as well as IL-22 secretion by CD4⁺T cells was investigated.

RESULTS: Notch1-Notch3 in CD4⁺T cells from active VKH syndrome patients was significantly elevated in comparison with inactive VKH and healthy controls. Plasma IL-22 expression and percentage of Th17 and Th22 was notably increased in active VKH syndrome in comparison with inactive VKH and controls. DAPT stimulation inhibited Notch signaling pathway in CD4⁺T cells, leading to the down-regulation of AhR mRNA and IL-22 secretion.

CONCLUSION:Notch-AhR-IL-22 signaling pathway might take part in the pathogenesis of VKH syndrome.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the clinical observations of patients with cataract axis longer than 24mm who underwent either femtosecond laser or traditional cataract surgery combined with Toric intraocular lens.

METHODS: Prospective study. The subjects were patients with cataract eyes with axis length longer than 24mm who underwent ocular cataract surgery and toric IOL implantation in our hospital. They were divided into femtosecond phaco groups. Clinical observations included uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, and changes in corneal and intraocular high-order phase difference.

RESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity of the two groups 3mo after surgery(0.092±0.089, 0.131±0.096)was significantly higher than that before surgery(0.855±0.213, 0.948±0.135)(P<0.05). The difference between the high-order cornea and the entire eye of the two groups was not significant(P>0.05). In the femtosecond group, the strchl values were negatively correlated with 4s3, 4s4, and 4Total in the 4mm pupil diameter of the entire eye and with the 6s5 at 6mm pupil diameter. The strchl values were also negatively correlated with 4s3 and 4Total in the 4mm pupil diameter of the entire eye in the traditional group and with 6s3, 6s3+s5, and 6Total under the 6mm pupil diameter.

CONCLUSION: Implantation of Toric IOL in patients with cataract greater than 24mm can effectively correct corneal regular astigmatism. Both FLACS and conventional phacoemulsification can maintain intraocular rotational stability and significantly improve postoperative visual quality.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the correlation between NLRP3 inflammation and optic nerve injury in primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG).

METHODS: Totally 65 POAG patients(98 eyes)in our hospital from May 2016 to May 2017 were selected, meanwhile 30 cataract patients(49 eyes)were as control group. Visual impairment was judged according to the mean defect value(MD)and divided into mild(group A), moderate(group B)and severe(group C)groups. The quality of IL-1β and IL-18 in plasma was detected by ELISA, and proportion of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 positive macrophages was measured by flow cytometry.

RESULTS: The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 and the proportion of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 positive cells in POAG group were obviously higher than those in control group(P<0.05). The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 and the proportion of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 positive cells in group C were highest in subgroups(P<0.05). The serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in POAG patients were positively correlated with visual field injury(r=0.432, 0.765), and the proportion of positive cells of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 was positively correlated with visual field injury(r=0.517, 0.481, 0.340).

CONCLUSION: Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and the proportion of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 positive macrophages are positively correlated with the degree of optic nerve injury in POAG patients.

Abstract:Aquaporins(AQPs)mainly mediate passive transmembrane transport of free water along osmotic pressure gradient. Three aquaporins, AQP1, AQP0 and AQP5, expressed in lens fibroblasts. The different functions of AQPs play important roles in promoting the formation and regulation of microcirculatory system. Furthermore, mutations in AQP-related genes can lead to cataracts. This paper reviews the current research status of aquaporin, and discusses the relationship between aquaporin-related proteins and congenital cataract.

Abstract:The elevation of intraocular pressure(IOP)caused by aqueous humor obstruction is the main cause of glaucoma, and lowering IOP is still the main method of glaucoma treatment. Aqueous humor drainage is mainly through the traditional trabecular route and non-traditional uveoscleral route. More and more attention has been paid to reducing IOP through a non-pressure-dependent uveoscleral route in treatment of glaucoma. This article reviews the advances in treatment of glaucoma by using drugs and surgery through the uveoscleral route to reduce IOP.

Abstract:Retinoblastoma(RB)is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in children, which often occurs in infants and young children. It can damage the eyesight, eyeball and even life-threatening of children. The occurrence and development is closely related to the genome and epigenome. The treatment and prognosis of hereditary RB in all cases depends on the initial stage of the disease, and when the disease is diagnosed and treated early, the survival rate exceeds 95%. The survival rate of RB was less than 50% when extraocular dissemination occurred in late stage. Therefore, the treatment focus on RB is to save the lives of children through early tumor monitoring and prevention. The secondary goal is to preserve globe salvage and to preserve vision to the maximum extent possible. The research on RB genetics is helpful to find specific targets through gene screening, monitoring and search, which is very necessary to improve the survival rate of children and to research targeted therapy.

Abstract:Corneal confocal microscope(CCM)is a non-invasive instrument for the study of living cornea and is increasingly being used to evaluate corneal nerve plexus and Langerhans cell lesions. This paper reviews the recent advances in corneal nerve plexus and Langerhans cell lesions from the perspective of the use of CCM in the study of systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, fibromyalgia, chronic migraine and Parkinson's disease.

Abstract:Ocular decompression retinopathy(ODR)is defined as multiple hemorrhagic retinopathy following abrupt lowering of intraocular pressure(IOP)that is not explained by another process. It is frequently associated with glaucoma surgeries, but also occurs in conjunction with other ocular surgical or medical procedures. Most patients are asymptomatic, so it may be difficult to detect clinically. We review the recent articles to better understand the risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, imaging, differential diagnoses, management and prognosis of ODR.

Abstract:Meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)is one of the common types of the evaporative dry eye. The patients usually feel dry eyes and other discomforts, which commonly characterized by terminal duct obstruction or/and qualitative and quatitative changes in the meibomian secretion.It may result in instability of the tear film, increasing of evaporative rate and osmotic pressure. In recent years, the traditional medical treatments for MGD consist of physical therapy, artificial tears,topical and systemic anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics. This review focused on wide-used and current emerging physical therapy above,aiming to help clinicians to select appropriate treatments and provide reference for further study on MGD.

Abstract:Myopia has become a common disease in the world. In our country, myopia shows a trend of high incidence and young age. Myopia affects people's psychological development. As a unique psychological characteristic that distinguishes it from others, personality is also associated with myopia. Most patients with myopia are mainly introverted personality and emotional personality, but some studies have shown that myopia patients have not yet had personality traits that are significantly different from ordinary people. This article reviews the related literatures at home and abroad to review the research progress of myopia factors from the relationship between myopia and personality factors, the interaction of the two.

Abstract:Amblyopia is one of the common eye diseases that seriously impairs children's vision. The past concept holds that amblyopia rarely has organic changes corresponding to vision loss. In recent years, with the development of examination methods, anatomical abnormalities have been found in the choroid, retina and brain structure of amblyopia patients, which provides a powerful basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of amblyopia. Furthermore, in addition to traditional occlusion therapy to treat amblyopia, some emerging treatments have also achieved excellent results. Therefore, this article reviews the anatomical and physiological changes and the progress of treatment methods of amblyopia.

Abstract:AIM: To study and analyze the clinical effect of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens(IOL)implantation combined with goniosychialysis in treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma with cataract.

METHODS: From June 2010 to October 2018, 40 patients(40 eyes)with acute angle-closure glaucoma and cataract which anterior chamber angle adhesion is less than 180°admitted to our hospital were enrolled in this study. They were divided into observation group and control group according to different surgical methods. The patients in the control group were treated by phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. The observation group was treated with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation combined with goniosychialysis. The difference between the two groups was compared.

RESULTS: At 3mo, 6mo after operation, the visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle grading of the observation group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Regarding the treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma, who has cataract and less than 180° peripheral anterior synechia, phacoemulsification and IOL implantation combined with goniosychialysis showed significant clinical effect.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy of anti-VEGF combined with laser in treatment of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema.

METHODS: Totally 62 patients with retinal vein occlusion complicated with macular edema were diagnosed in the Ophthalmology Department of our hospital during 2017-03/09 were randomly divided into three groups. Group A was treated by retinal laser alone, and groups B and C were treated with intravitreal injection of conbercept and rezuzumab respectively before retinal laser a follow-up of 6mo was conducted to observe the clinical efficacy of three groups.

RESULTS: After treatment, the retinal thickness(CMT)in macular center of the three groups was significantly lower than that before treatment, and the CMT of groups B and C were lower than that of group A(P<0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups(P>0.05). At 6mo after treatment, the total effective rate of the three groups was 44%, 86% and 86%, respectively(P<0.05), and the total effective rate of groups B and C was higher than that of group A(P<0.0167).

CONCLUSION: Vitreous injection of conbercept or ranibizumab combined with retinal laser in treatment of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema can effectively reduce macular edema and improve vision. Conbercept or ranibizumab has similar effects.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the efficacy of intravitreal injection of conbercept for diabetic macular edema(DME)with different patterns of optical coherence tomography(OCT).

METHODS: A total of 96 patients(96 eyes)with DME were classified as diffuse retinal thickening(DRT group, 35 eyes), cystoid macular edema(CME group, 33 eyes)and serous retinal detachment(SRD group, 28 eyes)according to the OCT. All patients were treated with intravitreal injection of 0.5mg(0.05mL)conbercept. The changes of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central foveal thickness(CFT), the injection times and vision improves eyes were compared between three groups after 1,3,6mo treatment.

RESULTS: After 6mo follow up, the BCVA of the three groups showed a significant downward trend(F_time=205.880, P_time<0.01), and there were significant differences among the three groups(F_group=3.472, P_group=0.042). The DRT group had the best BCVA after treatment. The CFT of the three groups showed a significant downward trend(F_time=392.994, P_time<0.01), and there were significant differences among the three groups(F_group=5.046, P_group=0.012). The reduction of CFT in the DRT group and CME group were better than that in the SRD group. The DRT group had the least injection times, and the highest proportion of vision improves eyes after 6mo follow up.

CONCLUSION: The intravitreal injection of conbercept could significantly improve the visual acuity and reduce the CFT of DME with different OCT patterns. And DRT is the most effective type with the least injection times.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the clinical effects of different methods of internal limiting membrane peeling in vitrectomy in treatment of idiopathic macular hole(IMH)with macular hole closure index(MHCI)<0.7.

METHODS: Totally 88 patients(88 eyes)with MHCI<0.7 IMH admitted from May 2014 to May 2017 were randomly divided into group A(44 eyes underwent extended internal limiting membrane dissection)and group B(44 eyes underwent standard internal limiting membrane dissection). The closure of macular hole, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central scotoma and complications were observed between the two groups.

RESULTS: At 6mo after operation, the closure rate of macular hole in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(91% vs 75%, P<0.05). At 6mo after operation, BCVA in group A was better than that in group B(0.47±0.05 vs 0.74±0.14, P<0.05). The percentage of central scotoma eyes was lower than that in group B(4% vs 23%, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(11% vs 9%, P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Extended internal limiting membrane dissection is more effective than standard internal limiting membrane dissection in the treatment of IMH with MHCI < 0.7, and the former is better for the recovery of retinal function.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the changes of morphological parameters of corneal endothelial cell in patients with choroidal detachment following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RDD-CHD).

METHODS: Seventy patients(70 eyes)with RDD-CHD were collected consecutively. In patients with RDD-CHD, thirty-eight cases(38 eyes)not with high myopia were enrolled in group A; 32 cases(32 eyes)associated with high myopia were enrolled in group B. Thirty-six normal controls(36 eyes)were enrolled in group C. We measured the related morphological parameters of corneal endothelial cells in all subjects using corneal specular microscope. The parameters of corneal endothelial cells included minimum size of cell area(S_min), maximum size of cell area(S_max), average size of cell area, standard deviation of cell area(SD), coefficient of variability cell area(CV), cell density of corneal endothelial cells(CD)and hexagonality(HG).

RESULTS: There were statistically differences in the CD(P<0.001)and hexagonality(P<0.001)between the patients with RDD-CHD and normal subjects. There were statistically differences in the CD between groups A and B(P<0.05), between groups A and C(P<0.05), between groups B and C(P<0.001). SD correlated with axis length(r_s=-0.426, P<0.01); CV correlated with axis length(r_s=0.494, P<0.01), CD correlated with intraocular pressure(r_s=-0.025, P<0.05), CD correlated with axis length(r_s=0.368, P<0.05), HG correlated with course(r_s=0.552, P<0.05). In patients with RDD-CHD, SD correlated with axis length(r_s=0.236, P<0.05); CV correlated with axis length(r_s=0.159, P<0.05), HG correlated with course(r_s=0.142, P<0.05), S_max correlated with intraocular pressure(r_s=-0.314, P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: The valus of HG and CD of corneal endothelial cells in patients with RDD-CHD were both lower than that of the normal subjects. Axis length, course and intraocular pressure might influence the morphological parameters of corneal endothelium in RDD-CHD patients.

Abstract:AIM:To discuss the effect of retinal photocoagulation combined with conbercept on the aqueous humor vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1)in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR).

METHODS: Totally 120 patients with DR were selected from September 2016 to September 2018 in our hospital, according to the random number table, they were divided into combined group and photocoagulation group, 60 cases in each group. The photocoagulation group was treated with retinal photocoagulation, and the combined group was treated with retinal photocoagulation combined intravitreal injection of conbercept. The aqueous humor VEGF, SDF-1, CMT, BCVA and complication were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The postoperative aqueous humor(151.46±18.52,186.74±20.17pg/mL), SDF-1(466.72±50.21, 534.46±56.24mg/L)in the combined group and photocoagulation group were significantly lower than those in the preoperative, the combined group were lower than the photocoagulation group(P<0.05). The 1 and 3mo postoperative CMT, BCVA in the combined group and photocoagulation group were significantly lower than those in the preoperative, the combined group were lower than the photocoagulation group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference of the complication rate between combined group and photocoagulation group(6.7% vs 5.0%, P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Retinal photocoagulation combined with conbercept can effectively reduce the aqueous humor VEGF and SDF-1 in patients with DR, which is conducive to improving the therapeutic effect of patients, and it is safety.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the correlation between intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis and ocular arterial blood flow and retinal vascular morphology.

METHODS: Totally, 251 patients admitted to our hospital due to suspected cerebral ischemia from January 2017 to June 2018 were selected. According to the degree of internal carotid artery stenosis, the patients were divided into non-stenosis group(39 cases), mild stenosis group(80 cases), moderate stenosis group(83 cases), and severe stenosis group(49 cases). The ocular hemodynamic indexes and retinal vascular diameters of the four groups were compared. The correlation and diagnostic value were analyzed between eye blood flow parameters and severe intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis.

RESULTS: In the severe stenosis group, the peak systolic velocity(PSV)and diastolic peak velocity(EDV)of ophthalmic artery(OA), central retinal artery(CRA)and posterior ciliary artery(PCA)were significantly lower than those of the other three groups. In the blood flow parameters of OA, CRA and PCA, PSV and EDV were significantly negatively correlated with severe intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis. The optimal diagnostic thresholds of PCA PSV and PCA EDV for severe intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis were 11.26cm/s and 5.21cm/s, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis was significantly negatively correlated with PSV and EDV in the ocular arteries. PCA PSV and PCA EDV were most sensitive to intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis under the same index.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the effect of corneal bandage lens on ocular surface repair after pterygium excision combined with limbal stem cell transplantation.

METHODS: Totally 52 patients with unilateral primary pterygium were selected from January 2016 to January 2018 in the ophthalmology department of our hospital. All 26 cases(26 eyes)underwent pterygium excision combined with limbal stem cell transplantation and who were placed with bandage lens as the experimental group, the other 26 cases(26 eyes)without bandage lens placed as the control group. Ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaires, tear break-up time(BUT), and corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)were recorded before operation and after operation.

RESULTS: BUT in the experimental group was longer than that in the control group(P<0.05), OSDI and CFS scores were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05)at 2wk, 1mo after operation. Compared with the preoperative situation, BUT in the two groups was shorter, OSDI and CFS scores were higher(P<0.05). At 1mo after operation there were no significant differences in BUT, OSDI and CFS between the experimental group and those before the operation(P>0.05), but in the corresponding period, BUT in the control group was still shorter, OSDI and CFS scores were still higher than those before the operation(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Surgical excision combined with autologous limbal stem cell transplantation and placing corneal bandage lens is a safe method to promote corneal healing, improve tear film stability and reduce postoperative discomfort in pterygium patients in the early stage after surgery, which is conducive to the repair of the ocular surface and has certain clinical application value.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the agreement of the lower tear meniscus height(LTMH)measurements using RTVue XR and Keratograph ocular surface analyzer, and to compare intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility between the two devices in the virginal and FS-LASIK eyes.

METHODS: Totally 52 virginal eyes and 52 FS-LASIK eyes were included during January 2019 in Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital. LTMH measurements were performed using RTVue XR and Keratograph Ocular Surface Analyzer. A paired t-test was used to compare the difference between LTMH values using the two devices. The with-subject standard deviation(Sw), test-retest repeatability(2.77Sw), coefficient of variation(CoV)and intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)were calculated to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility.

RESULTS: In the virginal eyes group, the average LTMH obtained with RTVue XR and Keratograph were 261.12±80.29μm and 235.05±78.40μm, respectively. CoV and ICC were 5.55% and 0.98 for RTVue XR, 14.90% and 0.87 for Keratograph, respectively. In the FS-LASIK group, the average LTMH were 234.55±68.38μm and 208.22±73.85μm, respectively. CoV and ICC were 5.29% and 0.97 for RTVue XR, 16.16% and 0.87 for Keratograph, respectively.

CONCLUSION: In the virginal and FS-LASIK eyes, the LTMH value obtained with RTVue XR is 25μm greater than Keratograph. RTVue XR has a better reliability than Keratograph and can be used to measure the LTMH.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate on myopia and related influencing factors between adolescents aged 6-18 years in Chengdu and Mianyang Area of Sichuan Province.

METHODS: This cross-sectional stratified sampling study collected 4 071 students aged 6-18 years from October 2017 to May 2018 in Chengdu and Mianyang City of Sichuan Province. All students underwent ocular examination and performed questionnaire survey.

RESULTS: Totally 3 857(94.74%)students were participated in this study with a mean age of 11.86±3.43 years. The prevalence rate of myopia and high myopia students were 61.21% and 3.89%, respectively. The prevalence rate of myopia students were 12.05% in the 6-year-old group and 86.15% in the 18-year-old group. Prevalence rates of students with uncorrected and presenting VA≤4.7 in the better eye were 42.88%, 12.37%, respectively. Among all students, 48.07% were wearing glasses. In multivariate Logistic regression analysis, age, parental myopia, near work, using electronic equipment were the risk factors for myopia, outdoor activities was protective factors.

CONCLUSION: The main reason for the low vision of school children in Chengdu and Mianyang Area in China is myopia. Prevalence rate of myopia students is gradually increasing with the growing of age. Myopia was associated with age, parental myopia, near wok, using electronic equipment and outdoor activities.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of FS-LASIK combined with rapid corneal collagen cross-linking in treatment of high myopia.

METHODS: A prospective self-control study. Totally 42 patients(81 eyes)with high myopia treated by FS-LASIK combined with rapid corneal collagen cross-linking in our hospital from June to September 2017 were followed up for 6mo. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), spherical equivalent(SE), corneal morphological parameters, corrected intraocular pressure and complications were observed.

RESULTS: At 6mo after operation, the UCVA(LogMAR)increased from 1.44±0.18 before operation to -0.03±0.04, the SE degree reduced from -8.01±1.23D to -0.06±0.54D, the steepest corneal curvature(Steep K)decreased from 44.23±0.80D to 37.39±1.17D at 6mo after operation, the flattest corneal curvature(Fleep K)decreased from 42.87±0.61D before operation to 36.84±0.99D after operation. And the thinnest point thickness of cornea decreased from 525.33±30.42μm to 402.12±28.04μm, the corrected intraocular pressure decreased from 17.77±2.16mmHg to 16.69±0.41mmHg. There were no significant changes in the posterior surface height of thinnest cornea and the endothelial cell density. No corneal infections, serious non-infectious inflammation and complications related to corneal flaps were found during follow-up.

CONCLUSION: FS-LASIK combined with rapid corneal collagen cross-linking is safe and effective in treatment of high myopia. The corneal morphology and refraction are relatively stable after surgery.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effect of 3.2mm clear corneal incision cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.

METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 95 cases(107 eyes)cataract patients treated in our hospital, and all patients were given 3.2mm clear corneal incision Phaco combined with IOL implantation. The postoperative visual acuity, corneal curvature, corneal astigmatism, anterior chamber depth and complications were observed.

RESULTS: Postoperative 3d, 1wk, 1mo patients with the uncorrected visual acuity(0.16±0.06, 0.15±0.05, 0.14±0.04)were significantly better than preoperative(0.48±0.15). The anterior chamber depth(3.86±1.09, 3.69±1.04, 3.84±1.07mm)was significantly higher than the preoperative(2.71±0.88mm)(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in corneal curvature and corneal astigmatism before operation. There was no difference in surgical astigmatism after operation(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: 3.2mm clear corneal incision Phaco combined with IOL implantation can effectively improve the recovery of postoperative visual acuity and reduce the corneal astigmatism, and it is a safe and effective surgical treatment of cataract.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the application of improved skills in central hole ICL V4c implantation and its clinical efficacy.

METHODS: This study included 141 eyes of 72 patients with myopia from September 2015 to August 2016. An implantable contact lens with a central hole(ICL V4c)was inserted by improved surgical skills including single 2.8mm clear corneal incision, no anterior chamber viscoelastics before ICL implantation. The intraocular pressure(IOP)was measured at the early stage within 6h after operation. The visual acuity, diopter, intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial cell density were observed after operation and follow up 2a.

RESULTS: ICL V4c was implanted successfully in all patients by this improved skills and fine clinical results were achieved. Elevated IOP is possible at early stage post-operation, especially within 2h after operation. 95.7% had normal IOP 6h after operation. The postoperative IOP was stable within 2a follow-up period. The cumulative corneal endothelial loss rates of 6mo, 1a and 2a were 4.70%, 7.59% and 9.63% respectively. There was no complications such as subcapsular cataract during the 2a follow-up period.

CONCLUSION: The improved skills used in our study is safe and feasible.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the effectiveness of gonioscopy-assisted mechanical goniosynechialysis combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG)with cataract.

METHODS: Gonioscopy-assisted mechanical goniosynechialysis combined with phacoemulsification was performed in 52 eyes of 45 patients with PACG and cataract. The synechial angle closure is ≥180° by dynamic observation with gonioscop. All Patients received gonioscopy-assistance mechanical goniosynechialysis combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. The follow-up time after surgery was 6mo. Observe and record the best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP), range of angle-closure and complications 1mo, 2mo, 3mo, and 6mo after surgery.

RESULTS: Preoperative mean IOP was 33.92±5.45mmHg and was 15.40±2.67, 15.65±2.65, 15.57±2.50, and 16.17±2.65mmHg, 1mo, 2mo, 3mo, and 6mo after surgery, respectively. All of the postoperative decrease in IOP were significant(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Gonioscopy-assisted mechanical goniosynechialysis combined with phacoemulsification is safe and effective for PACG with cataract.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)for lowering intraocular pressure(IOP)in patients with emulsified- silicone oil related secondary open angle glaucoma(SO-OAG).

METHODS: By a retrospective case study, consecutive case series of 120 eyes with sustained elevation of IOP after SO-OAG removal were treated by 360° SLT treatment. The mean IOP, mean number of glaucoma medications, and success rates at baseline 1wk, 1mo, 3mo were evaluated.

RESULTS: After the SLT treatment, the mean baseline IOP was significantly decreased from 25.02±5.93mmHg to 17.64±4.52mmHg at 1wk(P=0.002), 18.96±3.33mmHg at 1mo(P=0.04), and 18.03±5.69mmHg at 3mo(P=0.03). The mean number of glaucoma medications significantly decreased from 3.11±0.62 to 1.78±0.14 at 1wk(P=0.006), 1.95±0.56 at 1mo(P=0.04), and 1.87±0.53 at 3mo(P=0.02). The complete and qualified success rate were 68.3%(82 eyes)and(20.0%)(24 eyes)at 1wk, 61.7%(74 eyes)and 17.5%(21 eyes)at 1mo, and 64.2%(77 eyes)and 12.5%(15 eyes)at 3mo.

CONCLUSION: SLT may be effective for lowering IOP in patients with SO-OAG which was not controlled with maximum antiglaucomatous medical treatment.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the effect of EX-PRESS glaucoma drainage device implantation in treatment of neovascular glaucoma after intravitreal injection of conbercept injection.

METHODS: From January 2015 to January 2018, 37 patients(37 eyes)with neovascular glaucoma were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Both groups were treated with conbercept injection into vitreous cavity before operation. EX-PRESS glaucoma drainage device implantation and trabeculectomy were selected in the experimental group and the control group, respectively. The success rate, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, filtering bleb and complications were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: At 12mo after operation, there was no significant difference in success rate, BCVA and successful filtering bleb between the two groups. There was significant difference in intraocular pressure between the two groups at different time points(F_group=10.0, P_group=0.003; F_time = 496.27, P<0.0001). All complications were improved after symptomatic treatment.

CONCLUSION: EX-PRESS glaucoma drainage device implantation combined with conbercept vitreous injection in treatment of NVG, which has certain clinical value in reducing intraocular pressure and postoperative complications.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate and analyze the safety and clinical efficacy vitrectomy combined with scleral buckling in treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment.

METHODS: Totally 19 patients(19 eyes)of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment treated by vitrectomy combined with scleral buckling in our hospital from January 2014 to September 2017 were retrospective analyzed. Silicone oil was removed from the vitreous cavity 3 to 12mo after operation. Retinal reattachment rate, intraocular pressure(IOP), visual acuity recovery and complications were observed.

RESULTS:The IOP in vitreous cavity filled with silicone oil at 3mo after operation(16.09±3.58mmHg)and 6mo after silicone oil removal(14.69±3.10mmHg)were higher than those before operation(6.78±1.90mmHg)(all P<0.05). Six months after silicone oil removal, the visual acuity of 15 eyes was improved. No complications of low IOP and atrophy occurred after operation.

CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy combined with scleral buckling is relatively safe and effective in treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment, with high retinal reattachment rate, fewer complications and low reoperation rate.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the prognostic factors associated with panretinal laser photocoagulation in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR).

METHODS: Totally 182 patients(301 eyes)with DR from September 2015 to September 2017 in our hospital were collected. Preoperative automatic biochemical analyzer was used to examine blood biochemical indicators. According to the stage of disease, different treatments were given. Patients with early proliferative DR were underwent standard panretinal photocoagulation and suprahepatic retinal photocoagulation at high-risk. After 6mo follow-up of patients, record the prognosis of patients, screening for changes in visual acuity related factors.

RESULTS: Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, visual acuity at first visit, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, severity of macular edema, hypertension and prognosis were correlated(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Hypertension, age, hyperlipidemia, poor initial vision, high level of glycosylated hemoglobin and severe macular edema have some effects on the prognosis of DR patients after laser photocoagulation.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the effect of Demodex infection on ocular surface function in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).

METHODS: Totally 94 patients with MGD were enrolled in the Ophthalmology Clinic of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from April 2018 to September 2018. The patients were conducted a series of tests for Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI), Schirmer I test(SⅠt), tear film break-up time(BUT), corneal fluorescence staining(FL), tear height, superior meibomian gland loss score, inferior meibomian gland loss score, total meibomian gland loss score, and demodex count. The difference between above indicators in the positive group and in the negative group was calculated, and the correlation between demodex count and above ocular surface parameters was analyzed.

RESULTS: All 54 patients were tested positive for Demodex, and the positive rate was 57%, which was not significantly correlated with age. The positive rate of Demodex in males was higher than that in females. The superior meibomian gland loss scoreandtotalmeibomian gland loss score \〖2.00(1.00, 2.00)vs 1.00(1.00, 1.50),P=0.02; 3.00(2.00, 4.00)vs 2.00(1.00, 3.00),P=0.04\〗in positive group were significant higher than that in negative group. There were no significant differences in OSDI, S I t, BUT, FL, and inferior meibomian gland loss score between two groups(all P>0.05). Demodex count showed mild to moderate correlations with superior meibomian gland loss score(r_s=0.37, P=0.03)and total meibomian gland loss score(r_s=0.44, P=0.01)in Demodex-positive group. While there were no significant correlation between demodex count and other parameters.

CONCLUSION: Demodex mites have a certain effect on the ocular surface functions of MGD patients and it was positive correlate with the loss of meibomian glands.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the relationship between bilateral primary pterygium and hyperlipidemia.

METHODS: The retrospective study included 40 patients with bilateral primary bilateral pterygium(pterygium group)and 40 healthy subjects(control group). Pterygium was graded clinically by slit lamp examination as Grade 1(Group 1), Grade 2(Group 2)and Grade 3(Group 3). For each subject,fasting sample of venous blood was collected to determine the serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1(APOA1)and apolipoprotein B(APOB). The blood lipid levels of each group were compared and analyzed.

RESULTS: TC, LDL-C and APOB levels were significantly higher in the pterygium group than in the control group respectively(P=0.024, 0.012, 0.009). TG level was higher in pterygium group than control, but there was not significance(P>0.05). HDL-C and APOA1 levels were lower in pterygium group than control, but there were not significance too(P>0.05). Statistically significant differences were present for the LDL-C levels among pterygium groups graded clinically(2.76±0.57mmol/L, 3.40±0.96mmol/L and 3.85±1.16mmol/L, P=0.036), but were not present all for TC, TG, HDL-C, APOA1 and APOB levels(P>0.05). Comparing the groups, LDL-C values were significantly higher in group 3 than in Group 1(P=0.012).

CONCLUSION: Hyperlipidemia has close relationship with bilateral primary pterygium and may be one of its risk factors.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the pathogens distribution and drug resistance of preschool children with infectious eye diseases in Nanyang Area.

METHODS: Totally 480 cases of preschool children(480 eyes)who were diagnosed as suspected infectious eye diseases were retrospectively analyzed. The pathogens distribution and resistance were analyzed.

RESULTS: All 144 positive cultures were cultured among 480 samples, including 122 positive bacterial cultures. Among the 122 bacterial samples, Gram-positive cocci accounted for 45.9%(56/122)with the highest proportion of Staphylococcus epidermidis of 46.4%(26/56). Gram-positive bacilli accounted for 18.9%(23/122)with the highest proportion of Corynebacterium of 82.6%(19/23). Drug susceptibility results showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis had different degrees of resistance to most antibiotics, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was completely resistant to ampicillin and piperacillin.

CONCLUSION: Gram-positive cocci are the main pathogens of preschool children with infectious eye diseases in Nanyang Area, and the resistance rate is high. It is necessary to given rational use of drugs based on drug susceptibility results.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the prevalence of myopia among primary school students in Xindu district of Chengdu, and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related influencing factors.

METHODS: By means of stratified cluster random sampling survey, the first to sixth grade students from 4 primary schools in Xindu district of Chengdu were selected for ophthalmology examination and questionnaire survey, and the statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS21.0 software.

RESULTS: There were 3 324 students participated in the survey, 1 124 students with myopia, and the prevalence rate of myopia was 33.81%. The single factor analysis of myopia found that different genders, different ages, different grades, eating fruits and vegetables and drinking milk frequency, parents supervise and remind students to use eye habits frequently, reading and writing light at home, continuous homework and reading time, sleep time, extracurricular activity time, frequency of going outdoors or doing eye exercises during recess, lying reading or reading in a wobbly car. The prevalence of myopia was different among the students with reading and writing posture and their parents with myopia, and the difference was statistically significant. The difference is statistically significant(P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that grade, sex, parental supervision and warning eye habits, light of reading and writing at home, continuous homework and reading time, extracurricular time, lying reading or reading in a wobbly car, Whether the posture of reading and writing is correct or not, the condition of myopia of parents is the independent factor of myopia, among them, parents' supervision and reminding of eye habit are protective factors of myopia, and the other indexes are risk factors.

CONCLUSION: Juvenile myopia is related to many factors such as environment, heredity and so on. It is necessary to take appropriate measures as soon as possible to prevent its occurrence and development.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of non-astigmatism posterior chamber implantable intraocular lens in the correction of high myopia with moderate astigmatism.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 31 patients(44 eyes)with high myopia and moderate astigmatism who had posterior chamber intraocular lens(V4c)implantation surgery in our hospital from December 2013 to December 2015(astigmatism in the range of -1.00 to -2.00D). The last follow-up time was 14.52±2.40mo. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth, corneal endothelial cell density, vault, complications, patient satisfaction, etc. were observed pre- and postoperative.

RESULTS: At the last follow-up, the effective index of this group was 1.38±0.35, the safety index was 1.42±0.30. The uncorrected visual acuity and corrected visual acuity(LogMAR)was better than preoperative(0.05±0.15 vs 1.48±0.29; 0.03±0.12 vs 0.18± 0.15; all P<0.05), the anterior chamber depth was lighter than preoperative(2.22±0.28mm vs 3.19±0.20mm, P<0.05), and there was no difference between intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial cell density(P>0.05). At the last follow-up, no serious eye complications occurred in this group, and the total satisfaction was 94%.

CONCLUSION: Non-astigmatic posterior chamber implantable intraocular lens is a safe and effective solution for high myopia with moderate astigmatism.

Abstract:AIM: To make a contribution to the work for myopia prevention and control by analyzing the date of 52 226 axial length characteristics statistically form multiple dimensionalities.

METHODS: A retrospective study with large sample was conducted. Sex, age and eye axial length of children and adolescent aged 4 to 22 with refractive errors who visited Dongguan Guangming Ophthalmological Hospital from 2009 to 2018 were collected. A total of 26 113 patients(52 226 eyes)were enrolled. Axial length data were analyzed statistically in three dimensions, including gender, laterality and age.

RESULTS: Among the children and adolescent aged 4 to 22 with refractive errors in Dongguan Area, axial length of female group was shorter than male group(t=34.297, P<0.001). The shorter axial length of left eye was observed in the group aged 10 to 22(t=5.362, P<0.001). There were two peaks in the growth rate of axial length: 7-8 years old and 18 years old respectively. A linear regression formula was derived: axial length in male group(mm)=21.97+0.224×age(F=14352.9, P<0.001 adjusted R²=0.332), axial length in female group(mm)=21.40+0.234 ×age(F=12491.9, P<0.001 adjusted R²=0.349).

CONCLUSION: Among the children and adolescent aged 4 to 22 in Dongguan, the average axial length of female is shorter than male. The increase of axial length were observed in the right eye compared to the left eye starting from the age of 10, the growth rate of axial length is faster in two age groups: 7 to 8 years old and 18 years old.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the effect and binocular alignment of unilateral recession-resection(R-R)procedure in patients with insufficient convergence intermittent exotropia(IXT).

METHODS: Totally 45 patients with insufficient convergence IXT were operated with unilateral R-R procedure. Binocular alignment was accessed 1d postoperative and 2wk postoperative. Statistical analysis was performed on squint at different time points.

RESULTS: All 45 patients with insufficient convergence IXT were operated with unilateral R-R procedure. On the 1^st day after surgery, an overcorrection of 8.27±7.17PD at distance and 2.40±8.86PD at near were seen. On the 2wk after surgery. An under correction of 1.18±6.98PD at distance and 4.36±7.83PD at near were seen. Within 2wk after surgery, the average exo-drift at distance was 9.45±6.40PD, and at near was 6.77±7.92PD. There was statistically significant difference between exo-drift at distance and near, and a positive correlation was discovered. The difference of near-distance squint at postoperative(3.18±5.60PD)was significantly lower than that of preoperative(7.65±6.55PD), and there was a positive correlation between them.

CONCLUSION: Unilateral R-R procedure is appropriate for patients with insufficient convergence IXT. An appropriate increase of medial rectus strengthening can reduce postoperative near-distance squint difference and does not change the tension of medial rectus and lateral rectus. There was a synchronized exo-drift both at distance and near. The postoperative exo-drift at distance was 10PD and we believe a 10PD overcorrection shortly after operation may be beneficial to the long-term binocular alignment.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the application of anterior transposition of inferior oblique muscle with unequal excision in treatment of segregated vertical strabismus with asymmetric inferior oblique hyperfunction.

METHODS: A total of 22 patients(10 males and 12 females, 28 eyes in all)who underwent anterior transposition of the unequal excisional inferior oblique muscle for dissociated vertical deviation with asymmetric inferior oblique muscle overaction were studied retrospectively. The patients were admitted from June 2015 to June 2017,with mean age at 12.32±6.81 years old(ranging from 3 to 28 years old). The binocular vision, the curative effect of DVD, the curative effect of inferior oblique muscle overaction, eye position and compensatory head posture, complications were examined postoperatively, follow-up survey was conducted at 6 to 18mo, meanly at 10.05±3.87mo.

RESULTS: Recovery of binocular vision: 11 cases did not have binocular vision(50%); 6 cases recovered to the first level of binocular vision(27%); 3 cases recovered to the second level of binocular vision(14%); 2 cases recovered to the third level of binocular vision(9%). The curative effect of DVD shows: 17 cases with satisfaction(77%), 5 cases with improvement(23%), and 0 case with no avail. The curative effect of inferior oblique muscle overaction shows: 13 cases with cured(59%), 9 cases with improvement(41%), and 0 case with no avail. Postoperative eye position and compensatory head posture: 1)Horizontal eye position: 1 case of under correction after exotropia correction surgery, 1 case of under correction after esotropia correction surgery, 0 case of overcorrection, 20 cases of correction; 2)Vertical eye position: 13 cases show vertical strabism deviation less than 5^△, 9 cases show vertical strabism deviation between 5^△ to 10^△ meanly at 5.55^△±2.35^△, vertical eye position without overcorrection; 3)Compensatory head posture: 6 cases were disappeared, 1 case was improved. Complications: Mild anti-elevation syndromeoccurred in 1 case, narrowed palpebral fissueoccurred in 1 case, and narrowed quantity less than 1mm.

CONCLUSION: In general, the curative effect of anterior transposition of the unequal excisional inferior oblique muscle for dissociated vertical deviation with asymmetric inferior oblique muscle overactionis satisfactory, standard preoperative examination, individualized surgical design and surgical techniques are necessary.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the repeatability and agreement of Pentacam Front Section Analyzer and Keratron Scout Corneal Topographer in measuring Kappa angle.

METHODS: Totally 69 patients were randomly selected from Ophthalmology Department of Leshan People's Hospital. Three readings were taken by the same examiner. Results were recorded in(X, Y)coordinates format and assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC), Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient, t-test, Pearson correlation analysis and bland-altman analysis.

RESULTS: Both instruments showed excellent repeatability in Kappa angle assessment. The results significantly correlated(X value: r=0.90, P<0.01; Y value: r=0.91, P<0.01), however, no significant difference were found between the two instruments. The widest 95% LoA was -0.11-0.14mm for X coordinate and -0.10-0.11mm for Y.

CONCLUSION: Pentacam and Keratron Scout showed excellent repeatability and agreement in Kappa angle assessment. The two instruments could aid and verify each other.