Abstract:AIM: To explore the safe movement angle of a 23-gauge(G)cannula in double-channel silicone oil(SO)removal surgery.

METHODS: From March 2017 to September 2017, 15 patients with SO filled eyes were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Based on ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM), the distance from the front surface of the sclera at the 2 o'clock and the 10 o'clock positions to the SO bubble at 4 mm behind the corneal limbus was measured and defined as “A”. The length of the 23G cannula(4 mm)was defined as “C”. The width of the scleral inner wall at the maximum operating angle of the scleral trocar was defined as “B”. The safe movement angle of the 23G cannula was determined according to the trigonometric function table. Using the self-made SO removal device connected to the 23G puncture cannula, the SO was successfully removed from all patients.

RESULTS: The average SO removal time for all patients was 4.78±0.13min. The trigonometric function was used to work out the distance from the scleral front surface to the SO bubble, which was 0.82-2.81(1.62±0.41)mm at the 2 o'clock position, and 0.98-2.19(1.71±0.34)mm at the 10 o'clock position. Finally, the verification analysis using geometric model calculation showed that the optimal movement angle of the cannula was 52°.

CONCLUSION:Combining the trigonometric function and UBM measurement to calculate the safe movement angle of a 23G cannula can effectively guide the moving range of the trocar during SO removal. A movement angle of the cannula larger than 50° may avoid the occurrence of a retinal tear.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the difference between using Ringer's and Ringer's lactate(RL)solutions as irrigating solutions during phacoemulsification and investigate their effect on corneal endothelium.

METHODS: This was a prospective interventional double blinded clinical study that included 100 eyes of 100 patients aged between 50 to 65 years suffering from a visually significant age-related cataract and scheduled for routine uncomplicated phacoemulsification. The included eyes were randomly divided into two equal groups(each group included 50 eyes). Group 1 received Ringer's solution and group 2 received Ringer's lactate as an irrigating solution.

RESULTS: The first group with Ringer's solution had a mean age of 57.5±8 years and the second group with RL solution had a mean age of 58.6±9 years. After 3mo, endothelial cell density decreased in group 1 by a mean of 8.5%, and in group 2 by a mean of 3.6%(P=0.013). Additionally, central corneal thickness increased in group 1 by a mean of 6.9% and in group 2 by a mean of 1.5%(P=0.006). By correlating the percentage of change in pachymetry and specular microscopic parameters with volume of irrigation solution used, there was no significant correlation.

CONCLUSION: The use of Ringer's lactate as an irrigating solution is associated with less endothelial cell loss postoperatively in comparison to Ringer's solution and also associated with decreased postoperative edema.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the real life anatomical and visual outcome after intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment in diabetic macular edema(DME)throughout 24mo.

METHODS: Treatment naive central-involved DME patients with intraretinal and/or subretinal fluid and baseline central macular thickness(CMT)over 300 μm in spectral domain optic coherence tomography scans who received intravitreal injections between June 2012 and December 2016 were included in the study. The changes in visual acuity(VA)and CMT, and total number of patient visits and intravitreal injections were assessed in the baseline of 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24mo.

RESULTS: Totally 54 eyes of 40 patients were included. VA at baseline improved from 0.67±0.47 LogMAR to 0.59±0.43 LogMAR at 3mo and maintained with 3.5±2.19 injections throughout 12mo. The average number of visits was 9±2.39 and 15.48±4.84 at 12mo and 24mo, respectively. The mean CMT at baseline was 450±153μm and decreased to 385±141μm and 305±111μm at 12 and 24mo, respectively(P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Pro re nata(PRN)approach in DME treatment may keep the VA stable and reduce macular edema, but probably similar or better treatment effectivity could be obtained with a lower visit burden in proactive regimens.

Abstract:AIM: To observe whether exposure to natural light causes damage on corneal tissue in infant rhesus monkeys with monocular hyperopic defocus induced by PRK.

METHODS: Twelve infant rhesus monkeys(aged 2mo)were treated monocularly with PRK(-4.0D)and divided into two groups: AL group(n=6)and NL group(n=6). The monkeys in AL were reared under artificial lighting(indoor).The monkeys in NL were exposed to natural lighting(outdoor)for 4h per day(9:00-11:00 and 15:00-17:00), and to indoor lighting for the rest of the light phase. Corneal haziness after PRK was assessed biomicroscopically using the Fantes scale. At 50d post-PRK, tear fluids of both eyes from 8 monkeys in the two groups(4 animals each group)were collected and analyzed for 11 kinds of cytokines using protein microarray analysis. At 180d post-PRK. The corneas were obtained and evaluated by histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry with antibody to TGF-β1 and α-SMA, and TUNEL. The vitality of SOD and the level of MDA in corneas were detected with WST-1 and lipid peroxidation MDA assay kits, respectively.

RESULTS: The monkeys in AL group exhibited a lesser degree of haze than those in NL group at 40d following PRK(P=0.015). At 50d post-PRK, EGF and TGF-β1 levels in tears were different in PRK-treated eyes between the two groups(P=0.045, 0.038), and TGF-β1 were significantly different between both eyes in the same group(AL: P=0.003; NL: P=0.036). At 180d post-PRK, there were no differences in histological changes, the expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA, and apoptosis cell staining of the corneal between the two groups. The vatility of SOD and the levels of MDA in corneal epithelium were not different between the two groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Exposure to natural light in our study could not induce light damage to the normal cornea of the infant rhesus monkeys, but it could aggravate the corneal tissue repair reaction transiently post-PRK.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of formaldehyde release agents(FARs)on scleral cross-linking in living rabbits by measuring the changes in scleral biomechanical properties after the cross-linking.

METHODS: Totally 170 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into 17 groups, including 15 FARs groups(sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, hydantoin and oxazolidine, each of them has three groups based on dosing concentration: 1/10 maximum allowable concentration group, 1/2 maximum allowable concentration group and maximum allowable concentration group), 1 glutaraldehyde(positive control)group and 1 blank control group. Subconjunctivally injected each FAR in the right eye. 60d after the injection, took the sclera at 1:00 and 7:00 sites of the right eye to make scleral strips. The scleral strip's thickness, elastic modulus, creep rate, ultimate stress and ultimate strain were measured to calculate the scleral biomechanical strength.

RESULTS: Sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, hydantoin and oxazolidine increased the scleral biomechanical strength in a concentration-dependent manner. In these drugs, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, diazolidinyl urea and oxazolidine had strong cross-linking effects, with obvious effects at the 1/10 maximum allowable concentration.

CONCLUSION: Sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, diazoimidazolidinyl urea, and oxazolidine have strong effects on sclera collagen cross-linking, can significantly improve the biomechanical strength of posterior sclera and have the potential to treat pathological myopia.

Abstract:AIM:To determine the pathological changes in ocular surfaces dry eye excessive evaporation non-obese diabetic(NOD)mice model and to preliminarily explore the feasibility of diabetic dry eye model.

METHODS: In this study, 40 females NOD mice were selected. The experimental group consisted of NOD mice that were diagnosed with diabetes while the normal control group consisted of those NOD mice without spontaneous diabetes. Hypodermic injection of Scopolamine hydrobromide(0.5mg/0.2mL)was administered under 40% humidity to the experimental group and placed in a controlled drying box for 12h a day. This was to achieve a dry eye model. Testing indicators on the 1, 7, 10 and 14d after modeling, phenol red thread test was used to measure tear secretion and the eye sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)to examine the morphology and number of conjunctival goblet cells. On the 10d after modeling, the changes in the corneal epithelium were visualized after staining with hematoxylin.

RESULTS:For the NOD mice of the experimental group, the tear secretion was gradually decreased with timing, while there were no obvious changes in the normal control group. The volume of the conjunctival goblet cells of the experimental group became larger, and on the 1d after the molding, the experimental group had decreased density of the goblet cells when compared with the normal control group(P=0.008). From the 7d after the molding, as the time was prolonged, the density of the goblet cells was gradually decreased and the differences between the two group at same time point were significant(all P<0.001). Besides, it was required to observe the corneal epithelium of the two groups on the 10d. The result shows that the corneal epithelium became thinned, some epithelial cells were denatured, and stromal cells became edema.

CONCLUSION: Dry eye model of NOD mice was preliminary established, and the changes of ocular surface were similar to those of dry eye in the clinic.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the curative effect of coaxial microincisional phacoemulsification combined with AcrySof ReSTOR intraocular lens implantation on senile cataract.

METHODS: Totally 66 patients(66 eyes)with age-related cataract who were admitted to the hospital from April 2015 to August 2017 were enrolled in the study. All of them were treated with coaxial microincisional phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation. All 32 cases underwent AcrySof ReSTOR intraocular lens implantation were included in observation group, while 34 cases underwent monofocal intraocular lens implantation were included in control group. The visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereoacuity, pseudo-accommodation power and satisfaction with visual function were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The near and middle vision, near stereoacuity, near and distant pseudo-accommodation power of naked eyes in observation group were significantly better than those in control group at 3mo after surgery(P<0.05). When the spatial frequencies were 3, 6, 12 and 18 c/d, contrast sensitivities of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group under glare and no glare conditions(P<0.05). The scores of visual function-related quality of life scales, satisfaction with near vision and glass-wearing at near vision of observation group were significantly better than those of control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The curative effect of coaxial microincisional phacoemulsification combined with AcrySof ReSTOR intraocular lens implantation is significant on cataract. Compared with monofocal lens, it can improve the visual acuity, pseudo-accommodation power and visual related quality of life. However, the contrast sensitivity is reduced.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the effects of corneoscleral limbus incision phacoemulsification and corneal incision phacoemulsification on postoperative rehabilitation of elderly cataract patients.

METHODS: Totally 98 elderly cataract patients(132 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification in our hospital during the period from January 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled. According to surgical incision sites, they were divided into corneoscleral limbus incision group(group A, n=52 cases, 74 eyes)and corneal incision group(group B, n=46 cases, 58 eyes). The changes of uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and corneal astigmatism in both groups were measured at different time points before and after operation. The epithelial repair time and incision repair time in both groups were statistically analyzed. The changes of tear break-up time(BUT), tear secretion and corneal staining score were recorded at different time points before and after treatment. The incidence of postoperative complications was statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: There were significant differences in uncorrected visual acuity, corneal astigmatism, surgery induced corneal astigmatism, BCVA, BUT, tear secretion and corneal staining scores between the two groups and within the same group at different time points(P<0.05). The uncorrected visual acuity and BCVA in group A were superior than those in group B at different time points after operation. The corneal astigmatism and surgery induced corneal astigmatism were lower than those in group B. BUT was longer than that of group B. And tear secretion was higher than that in group, and corneal staining score was lower than that in group B(P<0.05).The epithelial repair time and incision repair time in group A were shorter than those in group B after operation(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:The phacoemulsification under corneoscleral limbus incision can improve postoperative visual acuity of elderly cataract patients, reduce the corneal astigmatism, reduce the influence on the tear film function, and promote postoperative rehabilitation.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the visual quality between implantable collamer lens(ICL)implantation and FS-LASIK for correcting moderate and high myopia.

METHODS: Prospective study. Choose in June 2018 to December 2018 for ICL implantation of 58 patients(116 eyes)and 48 patients(96 eyes)underwent FS-LASIK. The diopter, visual acuity and visual quality of the two groups before and after surgery were analyzed and compared.

RESULTS: After 3mo operation, the degree of spherical mirror in the ICL group was higher than that in the FS-LASIK group(0.19±0.22D vs 0.09±0.29D, P<0.05), but there was no difference in visual acuity, lenticule degree and spherical equivalent between the two groups(P>0.05). The modulation transfer function cut off frequency(MTF cut off), objective scatter index(OSI)and OV9% were significantly better in the ICL group than in the FS-LASIK group, while the SR was lower than the FS-LASIK group. Compared with the former, the MTF cut off was significantly increased in the ICL group, the SR and OSI values were decreased, and the SR value was decreased in the FS-LASIK group(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Both ICL implantation and FS-LASIK can effectively improve the visual acuity and diopter of patients, ICL implantation for patients with moderate and high myopia provides relatively good visual quality.

Abstract:Cataract is the first blinding eye disease in China and the main cause of blindness in most countries in the world. Currently, surgery operation is the only effective treatment. Posterior capsular opacification(PCO)is a common complication after cataract surgery, and it is also the crucial induction of vision decline. Studies have shown that epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of lens epithelial cells(LECs)remaining after surgery plays an important role in the occurrence and development of PCO. This article mainly summarizes the research progress of EMT in PCO in recent years.

Abstract:Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, which is characterized by characteristic optic atrophy and visual field defects. Elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)is a primary risk factor of glaucoma, while the main cause of elevated IOP lies in the increased aqueous outflow resistance in pathological trabecular meshwork(TM), which is the conventional outflow pathway of aqueous humor. Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor(ROCKi)is the IOP-lowering drug that is directly acting on the TM. The TM cell morphology, cell movement, cytokinesis and cell contraction by alteration of cytoskeleton can be changed by ROCKi to increase aqueous humor outflow facility and decrease IOP. ROCKi is now approved for clinical use in the United States and Japan. Meanwhile, it might play a role in optic nerve protection through increasing retinal vascular perfusion and promoting optic nerve regeneration. In addition, it decreases the possibility of filtration bleb scarring. Therefore, ROCKi has become a new pharmacological option to treat glaucoma. This article reviews the Rho-Rho kinase signaling pathway, the mechanism of ROCKi and its clinical application.

Abstract:Progressive reduction of visual field is the main feature in glaucoma patients.The paranoid personality and anxiety/depression characteristics of glaucona patients run through the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. The correlation between different visual fields and various cognitive components may lead to cognitive changes or different degrees of emotional disorders in the process of visual field impairment, while the emotional/psychological disorders in glaucoma patients with anxiety/depression as the main characteristics have negative effects on the range of peripheral vision and visual acuity. As a result of the interaction between body and mind, the speed and degree of visual impairment of glaucoma have characteristic changes. "Psychogenic error" or "functional error" will lead to the misjudgment of pathological damage of visual function. Attention to the interaction between mood disorders and visual field impairment in glaucoma patients has promoted the development of combined intervention strategies of body and mind on the course of glaucoma.

Abstract:Retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological function of photoreceptors and other retinal cells. The pathological changes of RPE can cause the occurrence and development of many retinal diseases. It was reported rencently that there are differential expressions of long noncoding RNAs(LncRNAs)in ophthalmic eye diseases, which play important roles in the pathogenesis of different types of eye diseases. It indicated that LncRNAs may be new targets for gene diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases. RPE cell is important for retinal function. It will find a novel way for the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases if we investigate RPE from the perspective of LncRNA.

Abstract:Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is a major cause resulting in visual loss of middle-aged and older people. The exact cause of this disease is unknown yet, and the curative effect is poor. The lipofuscin accumulation in retinal pigment epithelium with age is the marker of eye aging, which produces effect on the function of normal retinal pigment epithelial cells through photochemical action and others. It is associated with the occurrence and development of ARMD to some extent. Lipofuscin and its relation with ARMD are comprehensively introduced in this paper.

Abstract:Corneal neovascularization(CNV)is a common cause of corneal diseases, but there is still no effective drug or treatment. At present, the common methods cannot inhibit the growth of CNV completely, cannot last for a long the therapeutic effect time, and there are also serious side effects, so the specific treatment of CNV inhibition is still being explored. The pathogenesis and treatment of CNV are the current research hotspots. CNV area is an important indicator to evaluate the efficacy of drugs and treatment regimens. There are multiple methods to develop CNV, including ink perfusion, immunofluorescence staining and so on, in recent years, optical coherence tomography(OCT)technology is also a potential new method. This article reviews the developing methods of CNV, hopes to provide a reference for the study of CNV.

Abstract:SMILE(small incision lenticule extraction)is widely used in myopia correction because of its safety and predictability. SMILE-derived lenticule is a kind of good biomaterial that can be used to repair corneal ulcer and perforation, treat hyperopia, presbyopia, keratoconus and other ophthalmic diseases. It has the potential of becoming the research hotspot in the future. Therefore, this review summarizes the clinical research progress of SMILE-derived lenticule in the field of ophthalmology.

Abstract:AIM:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Thunder-Fire Moxibustion and massage acupoints around eyes in the treatment of xerophthalmia and to provide evidence-based research basis for the subsequent clinical application of Thunder-Fire Moxibustion.

METHODS: Found a randomized controlled trial for the treatment of xerophthalmia with Thunder-Fire Moxibustion and massage acupoints around eyes by the retrieval from Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Science and Technology Journal Database, CNKI and Wanfang Data. After two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the quality according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, Review Manager 5.3 was applied to process Meta-analysis.

RESULTS: Finally, seven RCT were selected for this Meta-analysis, a total of 530 patients,including 265 patients in the treatment group and 265 patients in the control group. The results showed that the clinical efficacy in the treatment group was better than that in the control group(OR=2.44, 95% CI: 1.74-3.43; P<0.001). And the SⅠt in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group(WMD = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.46-1.27; P<0.001). And the BUT in the treatment group was longer than that in the control group(WMD= 1.44, 95% CI: 1.01-1.86; P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Thunder-Fire Moxibustion and massage acupoints around eyes can improve the SⅠt and BUT of xerophthalmia. The therapy is not only safe and effective, but suitable for wider use as well.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the effect of phaco-EX-PRESS for refractory open-angle glaucoma with cataract.

METHODS: Totally 66 patients(67 eyes)with refractory open-angle glaucoma and cataract were selected.There were 34 eyes in the phaco-EX-PRESS and 33 eyes in the phacotrabeculectomy. Preoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and intraocular pressure(IOP), intraoperative complications, operation time, postoperative BCVA and IOP, postoperative complications were observed. The follow-up time were 1d, 1wk, 1mo, 6mo and 1a.

RESULTS: The operation time in experimental group was 23.26±2.00min, while the control group was 31.73±2.17min. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=16.68, P<0.01). In the experimental group, superficial anterior chamber and filtering bubble scar occurred in 1 eye each. In the control group, low IOP occurred in 3 eyes, anterior chamber hemorrhage and choroid detachment in 1 eye and filtering bubble scar in 5 eyes.There was no statistically significant difference in follicular Kronfeld classification(Z=-0.775, P=0.438). Intervention factors and time in both groups had an effect on postoperative IOP. Intervention factors had no effect on postoperative visual acuity, and the difference in postoperative visual acuity between the two groups was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Phaco-EX-PRESS for the refractory open-angle glaucoma combined with cataract is safe and effective, and the operation time is shorter, so it can be used as a conventional combination surgery.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the efficacy of anti-VEGF combined with Ahmed valve implantation with phacoemulsification or not for neovascular glaucoma(NVG)with cataract.

METHODS: Totally 47 patients(47 eyes)of NVG with cataract were given intraocular injection of anti-VEGF before the surgery, and then treated with Ahmed valve implantation. 19 cases(19 eyes)combined with phacoemulsification, and single Ahmed valve implantation in 28 cases(28 eyes). The vision, IOP, anti-glaucoma medicines and complications of the two groups were recorded and compared with 6mo postoperatively.

RESULTS:The IOP of all cases at all time points after surgery was significantly decreased after surgery(P <0.05). 6mo after surgery, in the combined group, the vision was improved in 10 cases(10 eyes)(53%), unchanged in 8 cases(8 eyes)(42%)and decreased in 1 case(1 eye)(5%). The complete success rate was 84%(16/19), the conditional success rate was 11%(2/19), and the failure rate was 5%(1/19). In the single Ahmed valve group, the vision was improved in 11 cases(11 eyes)(39%), unchanged in 17 cases(17 eyes)(61%), decreased in 0 case(0 eye)(0%), complete success rate in operation was 61%(17/28), conditional success rate was 25%(7/28), and the failure rate was 14%(4/28).

CONCLUSION: Compare with anti-VEGF with Ahmed vlave implantation, combined with phacoemulsification can effectively control the postoperative IOP, improve the BCVA of the patient as much as possible, reduce the amount of the postoperative glaucoma medicament use, and facilitate the follow-up of the fundus of the patient. It is a efficacy treatment for NVG with cataract.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the relationship between the prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration and myopic degree by using the fort ultra wide angle scanning laser ophthalmoscope(Daytona P200T)for small, early and high middle school period of low, medium and high myopia students peripheral retinal scan.

METHODS: With method of stratified random cluster sampling, to select myopia students in two primary schools, one junior middle school and one senior high school in Mianyang. According to different degrees, the myopia was divided into low, medium and high myopia, with 300 people and 600 eyes respectively. Application of Daytona P200T in natural pupil downward fundus image acquisition, and then the senior ophthalmologist performed the fundus examination under the slit lamp after pupil dilation.

RESULTS: The prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration was different among different refractive groups, and the higher the myopia, the higher the prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration(χ²=75.76, P<0.001). Comparison between different degree groups prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration: frost degeneration(STD)no statistical difference between the three groups(χ²=5.66, P=0.059), lattice degeneration(LD), snail track degeneration(SD), non-oppressive whitening(WWP), cystic degeneration(CD), hiatal(DRP), pigment degeneration(RP)were differences among three groups. For further comparison, except WWP(χ²=9.385, P=0.002), low height both two(P>0.017). Moderately and highly group compared, in addition to the CD(χ²=8.525, P=0.004)and the RP(χ²=6.454, P=0.011), the rest were not tested statistically. Compared with the prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration in different segments, retinal degeneration was observed in 34 eyes(5.7%)in primary school, 90 eyes(14.9%)in junior middle and 130 eyes(21.9%)in senior high. The prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration increased with the increase of medical grade(χ²=64.79, P<0.001). The prevalence of WWP and CD showed no statistical difference between junior middle school and primary school and senior high school(P>0.05). For further comparison, except LD(χ²=6.209, P=0.013)and STD(χ²=9.953, P=0.002), no statistical difference in the primary schools and junior middle, junior middle and senior high(P>0.017), statistical difference was detected between the primary schools and senior high school(P<0.017).

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration of myopia was positively correlated with myopia and learning period.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the relationship between diabetic retinopathy(DR)and bone mineral density(BMD)in type 2 diabetic patients, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in diabetic retinopathy patients.

METHODS: A prospective, controlled study was conducted on 101 type 2 diabetic patients and 17 non-diabetic patients who visited the Department of Ophthalmology and Endocrinology of Huangshi Central Hospital from January 2018 to September 2018. General information, BMD results(LB, HB), and laboratory results were recorded for analysis.

RESULTS: In patients with diabetes, HB was negatively correlated with the severity of DR(r=-0.23, P=0.02). Further analysis of BMD and severity of DR was performed by gender grouping. There was no statistically significant difference between LB and HB groups in male patients. There were statistically significant differences between the LB and HB groups in female patients(F=3.52, P=0.02; F=5.21, P<0.05). In female patients with type 2 diabetes, both LB and HB showed a declining trend with the development of DR.

CONCLUSION: In women with type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by DR, the bone mineral density decreased significantly. In the treatment of basic diseases, active intervention for osteoporosis should be paid attention to reduce the risk of fracture.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the value of OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal vein occlusion.

METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted to select 38 patients(38 eyes)with retinal vein occlusion diagnosed in ophthalmology clinic of Dalian Third People's Hospital from January to October 2018. The affected eyes were group A and the contralateral healthy eyes were group B. All patients underwent OCTA mode scanning of macular retina in the range of 3 mm×3 mm. Four layers of macular blood flow density maps were obtained, including surface retina, deep retina, outer retina and choroidal capillary layer. The area of vascularized area(FAZ)in the central fovea of the surface retina was measured. Image J software was used to calculate four layers of macular blood. Flow density(MVD)and OCT were used to measure the horizontal and vertical fovea thickness(CFT).

RESULTS: There were differences in FAZ measurements in superficial retina between group A and group B(P<0.01), and in horizontal and vertical CFT measurements(P<0.01). There were differences in MVD between group A and group B(P<0.01). There was no difference in MVD results in outer retina(P=0.542)and choroidal capillary layer(P=0.489). BCVA was positively correlated with surface retinal FAZ, horizontal CFT and vertical CFT, and negatively correlated with surface retinal MVD and deep retinal MVD, respectively(r=-0.486, -0.465,all P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: The application of OCTA examination has important guiding significance in indicating macular retinal microcirculation disorder and visual prognosis in patients with retinal vein occlusion.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze curative effect of intravitreal injection of conbercept on branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)with macular edema(ME)and influencing factors of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)after treatment.

METHODS: The clinical efficacy of 194 patients 194 eyes with BRVO-ME who underwent intravitreal injection of conbercept in the hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were evaluated. The influencing factors of BCVA after treatment were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: The minimum resolution angular logarithm(LogMAR)vision of BCVA and retinal thickness(CMT)of macular fovea of the patients were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment. Although CMT showed a recovery trend at some time nodes, BCVA and CMT at any time point were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05). Multiariable Logistic regression analysis showed that BRVO-ME-ischemic type, type of the ME-hybrid, ELM integrity-missing, missing IS/OS are affected patients with BRVO-ME the vitreous cavity of independent risk factors for compaq heap of injection effect, and the longer the course of the disease and the axial length, BCVA before treatment is higher, the vitreous cavity of treated by injection of compaq heap for the higher risk.

CONCLUSION: The curative effect of intravitreal injection of Conbercept is significant on BRVO-ME and safety is good. The poor BCVA recovery in some patients is effected by disease course, BRVO-ME types and other factors. The above factors should be fully evaluated before treatment and active response should be performed, for further optimizing the curative effect.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the effects of recombinant human epidermal growth factor(rhEGF)eye drops on xerophthalmia after cataract surgery and its influence on tear film stability.

METHODS: The clinical data of 114 patients(158 eyes)with xerophthalmia after cataract surgery were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment methods of xerophthalmia, the patients were divided into study group(rhEGF+sodium hyaluronate group)and control group(sodium hyaluronate group). After 4wk of treatment, the efficacy and dry eye symptoms(dry eye questionnaire)were evaluated, and the BUT, SⅠt and FL were examined. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in tear were detected.

RESULTS: The total effective rate in study group was greater than that in control group(P<0.05). After 4wk treatment, the BUT and SⅠt in the two groups were higher than those before treatment, and the indexes in study group were higher than those in control group(P<0.01). The dry eye questionnaire score and FL and levels of tears IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were lower than those before treatment, and the indexes in study group were lower than those in control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Addition of rhEGF eye drops for xerophthalmia after cataract surgery can significantly improve dry eye symptoms, tear film stability, tear secretion and corneal epithelial cell integrity, and reduce inflammatory response, and it has significant efficacy.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate differences between 6.0mm and 6.5mm optical zones in visual quality after FS-LASIK.

METHODS: This was a prospective study. Totally 25 patients(50 eyes)treated with FS-LASIK were included and they were classified into 6.0mm group and 6.5mm group according to optical zone. Objective visual quality was evaluated by OQASⅡoptical quality analysis system(including OSI, Strel Ratio, MTF cut off, OV100%, OV20%, OV9%)and by Sirius to obtain the higher order aberrations parameters(including total HOAs, spherical aberrations, trefoil and coma)at 3mm, 5mm and 7mm pupil sizes. OSDI questionnaire was applied to evaluate patients' subjective visual quality.

RESULTS: At 3mo postoperatively, there were no significant differences in total HOAs, spherical aberrations, trefoil and coma under 3mm pupil size(all P>0.05). Significant differences were only observed in spherical aberrations at 5mm pupil size(P<0.05), and in total HOAs and spherical aberrations at 7mm pupil size(P<0.05).However, there were no significant differences in OSDI scores and OQAS visual quality parameters(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: HOAs under scotopic conditions could be less with 6.5mm optic zone after FS-LASIK, however, both 6.0mm and 6.5mm optical zones could achieve good subjective and objective visual quality after FS-LASIK.

Abstract:AIM:To compare the difference, correlation and consistency of the thinnest corneal thickness(TCT)in myopic patients among Sirius, Oculyzer, anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)and A-mode ultrasound pachymetry, in order to provide a reference for clinical applications.

METHODS: TCT was measured in 81 patients(162 eyes)treated between March and April, 2016 using Sirius, Oculyzer, AS-OCT and A-mode ultrasound pachymetry before femtosecond LASIK, and then the values were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: TCT measured by A-mode ultrasound pachymetry, Sirius, Oculyzerand AS-OCT were respectively(537.91±24.12)μm,(538.12±22.64)μm,(538.20±23.74)μm,(527.04±23.11)μm(P<0.01). There was a significant difference in TCT measurements among the four measurements. The results of AS-OCT were significantly smaller than those of the other three methods. There was no statistical difference among A-mode ultrasound pachymetry, Sirius and Oculyzer.Pearson correlation coefficient of measured value by the four measurements were more than 0.9(r=0.920, 0.914, 0.951, 0.908, 0.929, 0.919, P<0.001), which means there were highly correlation between each other. The 95% CI of the consistency interval of A-mode ultrasound pachymetry and Sirius, A-mode ultrasound pachymetry and Oculyzer, A-mode ultrasound pachymetry and AS-OCT were(-18.77-18.33)μm,(-19.79-19.19)μm,(-3.79-25.53)μm, respectively. The Bland-Altman Plots demonstrates relatively good consistency between A-mode ultrasound pachymetry and the other three methods.

CONCLUSION:The TCT measured by AS-OCT were thinner than that measured by A-mode ultrasound pachymetry. There were a high correlation and consistency of the thinnest corneal thickness in myopic patients among Sirius, Oculyzer, AS-OCT and A-mode ultrasound pachymetry. The TCT measured by the four measurements can be referenced but not replaced since the 95% of the consistency intervals were wide.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate camera-assisted measurement in evaluating the accuracy of Hirschberg Test in measuring squint angle of concomitant strabismus.

METHODS:The clinical data of 105 patients with concomitant strabismus who were admitted to the hospital during the period from January 2016 to January 2018 were collected. After admission, they were given traditional Hirschberg Test and picture Hirschberg Test for squint angle examination.Taking the prism cover test as golden standard, the deviation values between squint angle measured by golden standard and those measured by the traditional Hirschberg Test and the picture Hirschberg Test were recorded.The influence of Kappa angle on the deviation value was analyzed.The application value of camera-assisted measurement in squint angle of concomitant strabismus was analyzed.

RESULTS:There was a significant difference in the value of squint angle measured by traditional Hirschberg Test, picture Hirschberg Test and prism cover test test(P<0.05), and the squint angle measured byprism cover test test was higher than that of picture Hirschberg Test method(P<0.05), and the angle in picture Hirschberg Test method was higher than that in traditional Hirschberg Test method(P<0.05), and the consistency of picture Hirschberg Test method and prism cover test test in measuring squint angle was higher than that of Traditional Hirschberg Test method(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the deviation values of squint angle measured by traditional Hirschberg Test among the 4 examiners(P<0.05).The deviation values of all examiners measured by traditional Hirschberg Test were higher than those by picture Hirschberg Test(P<0.05).The deviation degree of picture Hirschberg Test was lower than that of traditional Hirschberg Test in terms of the examination of squint angle in patients with positive and negative Kappa angle(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The deviation of camera-assisted measurement picture Hirschberg Test is lower than that of traditional Hirschberg Test for the measurement of squint angle of concomitant strabismus, and it is more suitable for young patients who cannot cooperate with.

Abstract:AIM: To assess the application of ciliary sulcus suture fixation of intraocular lens(IOL)through reverse partial-thickness scleral flap.

METHODS: The clinical data of 14 patients(14 eyes )who needed secondary IOL implantations due to different reasons in our department were retrospectively analyzed. All cases underwent ciliary sulcus suture fixation of IOL through reverse partial-thickness scleral flap. One or two reverse partial-thickness scleral flap were made during the surgery. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, intraoperative and postoperative complications and the stability of the IOLs were observed.

RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 3.5-6mo. The preoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)(LogMAR)was 0.50±0.54, and the uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)at 1mo after surgery was 0.46±0.39(P>0.05). The BCVA at 1mo after surgery was 0.36±0.35, which was improved compared with the preoperative one, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Three cases had transient intraocular hypertension postoperatively. One case had vetrious hemorrhage. One case had moderate anterior chamber inflammatory response. There were serious complications, such as cystoid macular edema, choroidal detachment, retinal detachment during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSION: Ciliary sulcus suture fixation of IOL through reverse partial-thickness scleral flap is a effective and safe method for aphakia.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the necessity of visual acuity, intraocular pressure(IOP)and slit lamp microscope examination on the same day after cataract surgery, and to explore a safe and effective method for postoperative observation.

METHODS: We collected cataract patients receiving day surgery from October to November 2018. They underwent phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation. 149 patients(149 eyes)were included. Before the surgery, and 2h, 1d, 1wk after the surgery, we measured and compared their best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and IOP, observing whether they had the corneal edema, IOL dislocation or other complications with slit lampmicroscope. We also compared the percentage of high IOP, low IOP before and after surgery.

RESULTS: BCVA before and 2h after surgery, BCVA 2h and 1d after surgery, and BCVA 1d and 1wk after surgery were statistically different, showing a gradually improving trend(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between IOP before surgery and 2h after surgery or 1d after surgery(P>0.05), but the IOP 1wk after surgery was lower than that before surgery, 2h after surgery and 1d after surgery(P<0.05). The percentage of high IOP 2h after surgery was significantly higher than that before surgery, 1d after surgery and 1wk after surgery. No ocular complication was found 1wk after surgery.

CONCLUSION: The visual acuity, IOP and corneal edema of the patients recovered 1wk after day cataract surgery, and high IOP was easy to happen 2h after surgery. Visual acuity, IOP and slit lamp microscope examination were safe, and corresponding treatment could be given to patients with high IOP.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the clinical efficacy of ciliary sulcus fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens(IOL)in aphakic eyes with inadequate capsule support.

METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of 38 eyes of 38 patients who were underwent ciliary sulcus fixation of posterior chamber IOL from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed for the intraoperative and postoperative complications, intraocular pressure and position of intraocular lens. Also, the preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and refractive status were compared respectively. The follow-up time was 3mo after surgery.

RESULTS:The intraoperative hyphema occurred in 6 eyes(16%)postoperative hypotony in 4 eyes(11%)transient high intraocular pressure in 11 eyes(29%), yet all were cured by treatment. Four eyes(11%)with obvious tilt of intraocular lens were observed. All the cases were an visual improvement according to the last postoperative follow-up(P<0.05). No obvious difference between target refraction(spherical lens)and actual refraction(spherical lens)at postoperative 3mo was discovered(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The ciliary sulcus fixation of posterior chamber IOL is a safe and effective way to treat the aphakic eyes, but the possible complications should be attentional.

Abstract:AIM: To identify the potential mutation in a Chinese family affected with congenital aniridia and cataract, which can expands the mutation spectrum of antosomal dominant congenital aniridia.

METHODS: A Chinese family with congenital aniridia and cataract and 100 unrelated controls were recruited, peripheral venous blood was collected for genomic DNA extraction. Candidate genes sequencing was performed by direct DNA sequencing to screen out the PAX6 mutation.

RESULTS: All affected individuals in the family showed aniridia and cataract. A novel non-sense mutation c.991 C>T in exon 11 of PAX6 was exclusively observed in all affected individuals but not in any of the unaffected family members or unrelated controls, which results in the truncation of encoding protein(R331X).

CONCLUSION: We identified a novel mutation in the PAX6 R331X, which may be responsible for the pathogenesis of congenital aniridia and cataract.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)level and visual acuity, intraocular pressure, surgical complications, macular fovea retinal thickness after cataract surgery in diabetic patients.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of diabetic patients submitted to cataract surgery over the period January 2018 to December 2018 in our hospital, a total of 56 cases(66 eyes)were selected and divided into normal HbA1C group(HbA1c≤6.0%)of 30 cases(34 eyes)and high HbA1C group(6.0%RESULTS: The BCVA after surgery were significantly improved in two groups. The differences between group A and group B(whether preoperative or postoperative)was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Postoperative complications included anterior chamber reaction, transient intraocular pressure, corneal edema, and macular edema. The incidence rate was significantly higher in group B(88%)than in group A(56%)(P=0.029). The retinal thickness of foveal was higher in group B than in group A, and higher postoperative than preoperative, and the postoperative thickening was more obvious in group B than in group A, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal HbA1c group, the high HbA1c group had more postoperative complications, higher foveal thickness of the macula, and worse postoperative visual acuity. Therefore, preoperative HbA1c levels in diabetic patients may be related to complications after cataract surgery and foveal thickness of the macula.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze and evaluate the disinfection effects of secondary irrigation with different concentrations of povidone-iodine on conjunctival sac in cataract surgery.

METHODS: A total of 600 cataract patients(600 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in Ophthalmology Department of the hospital during the period from August 2016 to October 2017 were enrolled in the study. Their conjunctival sacs were disinfected for twice with povidone-iodine irrigation before surgery and after opening eyelid. According to different concentrations of povidone-iodine applied in secondary irrigation, the patients were divided into group Ⅰ(320 cases)and group Ⅱ(280 cases), with concentrations of 0.025% and 0.05%, respectively. The conjunctival sac swab specimens were obtained from the two groups after the first and second irrigation to conduct bacterial identification. The subjective comfort and conditions of conjunctival hyperemia and corneal epithelial damage were assessed during second irrigation. The occurrence of endophthalmitis after surgery was statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference in positive rate of bacterial culture between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ after the first and second irrigation with povidone-iodine(P>0.05). The incidence rates of subjective feelings such as foreign body sensation, itching sense, photophobia and red eye in group Ⅰ were significantly lower than those in group Ⅱ when second irrigation for conjunctival sac(P<0.05). After second irrigation for conjunctival sac, degree of conjunctival hyperemia and corneal epithelial damage in group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅱ(P<0.05). There were 2 eyes(0.6%)and 1 eye(0.4%)with endophthalmitisin in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, respectively(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: There is high-efficiency disinfection effect of 0.025% povidone-iodine. Compared with 0.05% povidone-iodine, there are more advantages in improving subjective comfort, reducing conjunctival hyperemia and corneal epithelial damage, which is more suitable for patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the accuracy of non-contact tonometer(NCT)and ICare rebound tonometer(RBT)in measuring intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients.

METHODS:A retrospective proportional control study. Totally 113 patients(185 eyes)with glaucoma were studied. Intraocular pressure was measured by RBT, NCT and Goldmann Applanation tonometer(GAT)at 9:00 and 16:00 and recorded as two sets of data, respectively. Their accuracy is evaluated by the rank sum test, and the international standard 8621 guide, Bland-Altman consistency analysis analyzed the consistency of the two groups of measurements, and the data were divided into two groups: abnormal intraocular pressure group(<10mmHg or >21mmHg)and normal intraocular pressure group(10-21mmHg). The consistency was analyzed between different groups. The spearman correlation analysis is adopted to analyze the correlation between ophthalmotonometers.

RESULTS: There were differences among the GAT, NCT and RBT measurements(P<0.01). There was a strong correlation between the intraocular pressure measured value obtained by GAT and measured values obtained by RBT and NCT(r_s=0.71, 0.77, P<0.001). The measured values of NCT and GAT are close to each other without statistically significant differences(P=0.92). Compared with GAT, RBT has a higher intraocular pressure measured value, and there are significant differences(P<0.05). However, compared with GAT, both NCT and RBT have a wide range of limits of agreement, and they are(-6.2-6.0mmHg)and(-5.2-7.6mmHg)respectively. In normal intraocular pressure groups, the ranges of limits of agreement are(-5.9-5.9mmHg)and(-4.3-7.5mmHg)respectively. In abnormal intraocular pressure groups, the ranges of limits of agreement are(-7.3-6.4mmHg)and(-7.5-5.6mmHg)respectively. The evaluation carried out in accordance with ISO 8612 guides indicates that the abnormal values more than the 95% of consistency restriction of NCT and RBT in the three groups are(3.9%, 11.3%, 12.2%)and(26.3%, 11.3%, 12.2%)respectively.

CONCLUSION: Both NCT and RBT cannot simply replace the GAT to measure the intraocular pressure of glaucoma patients. In glaucoma patients, with the deviation of the measured value from the normal intraocular pressure range, the measurement error of NCT and RBT also increase.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the clinical curative effect of semi-panretinal laser photocoagulation in treatment of the prethreshold and threshold retinopathy of premature(ROP)infants.

METHODS:Totally 25 patients with ROP were selected, 24 eyes of prethreshold, 22 eyes of threshold period. All preterm infants(46 eyes)were given semi-panretinal laser photocoagulation vialaser indirect ophthalmoscopy and completed the 42-881(362±59.6)d follow-up period.

RESULTS: ROP regressed after single photocoagulation in 38 eyes(83%)and in 8 eyes(17%)after the second photocoagulation totally. No infants had localized proliferation or detachment post total treatment. The regression of retinopathy was found in 22 eyes in prethreshold group(92%)and in 16 eyes in threshold group(73%), while the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The effects of semi-panretinal laser photocoagulation in treatment of the prethreshold and threshold ROP are quite. The benefits of protected larger vision field have the potential to improve ROP outcomes.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the expression and significance of miR-132 in the plasma of patients with diabetic retinopathy.

METHODS: From July 2015 to October 2015, a total of 55 patients with diabetes who were treated in our hospital were divided into 5 groups according to diabetic retinopathy clinical staging international standard, including 13 cases of no obvious retinopathy as group A, 10 cases of mild NPDR as group B, 11 cases of moderate NPDR as group C, 12 cases of severe NPDR as group D and 9 cases of PDR as group E, at the same time, the other 12 healthy people were enrolled as control group F. Real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)technique was used to detect the relative expression of miR-132 in the plasma of 55 patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy and the expression difference between different groups were compared.

RESULTS: Compared with the healthy control group, the expression of miR-132 in the plasma was decreased in other groups(P<0.05)except in the background of diabetic retinopathy, however, there was no significant difference between the NPDR groups and the PDR groups.

CONCLUSION: The expression of miR-132 in the plasma of patients with DR was slightly lower in the non-proliferative and proliferative stage than in healthy subjects and background diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, miR-132 may be a new biomarker for DR.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the changes of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and retina thickness in myopic eyes after intraocular collamer lens(ICL)implantation using quantitative optical coherence tomography(OCT).

METHODS:A prospective study enrolled 41 myopic eyes of 26 patients which underwent ICL implantation(average age: 28.19±6.28 years). Aaxial length(AL), uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), refractive diopter(RD), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP)and OCT were measured and compared in all patients before and after surgery. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)was used to image central retinal thickness(CRT)and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness(GCT). The changes between pre-and postoperative were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA). Least significant difference test was used to compare the specific time points after operation with those before operation.

RESULTS: Compared with the preoperative data, all the patients showed significant improvements in the postoperative UCVA and BCVA(P<0.05). However, there was no statistical significance in IOP. CRT were 273.20 ±25.48, 274.07±27.64, 277.85 ±25.49, and 275.99 ±24.68μm before and after surgery, respectively, while GCT were 85.31 ±5.19, 88.95±6.87, 87.73±4.23, and 87.45±4.59μm, respectively, with statistically significant changes(all P <0.05). Among them, CRT increased in one month after operation, with statistical significance(P<0.01). GCT increased in 1wk, 1mo and 3mo after operation, with statistical significance(P<0.05). The changes of GCT in 1wk after operation was positively correlated with AL(r_s=0.529, P=0.001).

CONCLUSION:ICL implantation for myopic eyes has good efficacy and safety, but macular area changes will occur after surgery, which need to be paid attention to.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the clinical value of digital nonmydriatic funds photography in screening diabetic retinopathy and early intervention of hospitalized diabetic patients.

METHODS: Totally 130 diabetic patients hospitalized in Department of Endocrinology of our hospital were selected from January 2015 to December 2016. All patients were underwent non-mydriatic digital fundus photography and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA).

RESULTS: There were 82 eyes diagnosed as non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)and 28 eyes as proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)by non-mydriatic digital fundus photography. There were 89 eyes diagnosed as NPDR and 29 eyes as PDR by FFA. Compared with the result of the gold standard, the Kappa value of non-mydriatic digital fundus photography was 0.87(>0.61), and the test was consistency. There was no significant difference between the two methods in the detection of diabetic retinopathy in different stages(P>0.05). The positive rate of diabetic retinopathy was significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus over 10a(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Digital fundus photography is an effective method for early detection of DR in hospitalized diabetic patients. It is of great significance to reduce the blindness rate of diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy of olopatadine eye drops combined with autologous serum in the treatment of artemisia pollen allergic conjunctivitis.

METHODS:Totally 305 patients with 610 eyes with allergic conjunctivitis and positive allergen test results of artemisia in our hospital were selected from June 2016 to June 2018, and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group. Patients in the control group were treated with olopatadine eye drops. Patients in the observation group were treated with autologous serum on the basis of the control group. Patients in both groups were treated continuously for 2wk. The total scores of symptoms and signs and clinical efficacy of the two groups were compared before and 2wk after treatment, and the adverse reactions during the treatment were observed.

RESULTS: Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the total score of symptoms and signs between the two groups(P>0.05). Two weeks after treatment, the total score of symptoms and signs in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05), and the clinical efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Olopatadine eye drops combined with autologous serum in the treatment of artemisia pollen allergic conjunctivitis has a definite clinical effect, which can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms and signs of patients with high security.

Abstract:AIM:To study the clinical efficacy of phase Ⅱ minimally invasive vitreous surgery in different stages in treatment of open ocular trauma with retinal detachment.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 41 patients(41 eyes)with open eye trauma combined with retinal detachment from December 2013 to June 2018 in the Ophthalmology Department of Xiaolan People's Hospital of Zhongshan. According to the opportunity of phase Ⅱ vitrectomy, 41 eyes were divided into two groups: 24 eyes in the early group(6d after injury)and 17 eyes in the conventional group(7-14d after injury). Postoperative follow-up with 6mo as the time point, the retinal reattachment rate, TPVR incidence, visual acuity and complications were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The retinal reduction rate was 92% in the early group and 76% in the conventional group, and the difference was not statistically significant, there was no statistical difference(P=0.692)in retinal reduction rate between the two groups. The incidence of TPVR in the early group was lower than that in the conventional group(P=0.014). The improvement of postoperative visual acuity in early group was better than the conventional group(U=119.5, P=0.0018). There was no significant difference in complications between the two groups.

CONCLUSION: Open ocular trauma patients with retinal detachment have better prognosis after phase Ⅱ vitrectomy within 6d after injury than 7-14d.

Abstract:AIM:To retrospectively analyze the effect of Qiming Granules combined with Deproteinized Calfblood Extract Eye Gel in the treatment of diabetes phaeoemulsification postoperative xerophthalmia.

METHODS:From June 2017 to June 2018, 147 diabetics 269 eyes were diagnosed with phaeoemulsification postoperative xerophthalmia were enrolled in our study. The control group was given the Tobramycin Dexamethasone Eye Drops and Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops, the Sugaojie group was given Deproteinized Calfblood Extract Eye Gel on the basic of the control group, the combined group was given the Qiming Granules on the basic of the Sugaojie group. The courses all last 4wk. The corneal fluorescence staining, BUT and SⅠt were analyzed before, and post 1mo after treatment, and the clinical efficacy of each group was analyzed.

RESULTS: There was no difference among three groups on BUT and SⅠt before treatment(P>0.05). After 1 mo treatment, BUT and SⅠt of the Sugaojie group and the combined group were significantly improved compared to the control group(P<0.05), furthermore, the combined group did better role on BUT, SⅠt and total effective rate compared to the Sugaojie group(97.9% vs 89.0%, P=0.013).

CONCLUSION: Qiming Granules combined with Deproteinized Calf blood Extract Eye Gel could improve xerophthalmia after phaeoemulsification surgery. It is a positive and effective treatment, which has good clinical application significance.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the different surgical methods on the function of tear film after pterygium surgery.

METHODS: A retrospective case series study, a total of 106 pterygium patients(106 eyes)were randomly divided into two groups, 50 patients(50 eyes)received pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation served as membrane group, 56 patients(56 eyes)received pterygium excision combined with autologous limbal stem cell transplantation served as stem cell group. Respectively before surgery and 1mo, 3mo after surgery, the BUT, SⅠt, OSDI were checked. The data were compared and analyzed.

RESULTS: There were significant differences in different times of two groups.(1)Compared between groups, before operation and 1mo after surgery. There were no significant differences among BUT, SⅠt and OSDI(P>0.05). But 3mo after surgery, BUT and SⅠt of the stem cell group was higher than the membrane group(P<0.05). OSDI of the stem cell group was better than the membrane group(P<0.05).(2)Compared within group, BUT, SⅠt and OSDI were no significant differences between before operation and 1mo after surgery(P>0.05), but there were significant differences between 3mo after surgery and 1mo after surgery, before operation(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The function of tear film was restored by pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation or combined with autologous limbal stem cell transplantation, and the later was better than the former in effect.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the efficacy and safety of central hole phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens(ICL V4c)implantation for correction low to moderate myopia.

METHODS: Twenty low to moderate myopia patients(forty eyes)who underwent the ICL V4c implantation in our hospital from January 2016 to June 2017 were observed 1wk, 1mo and 1a after operation respectively. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), equivalent spherical mirrors(SE), intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cell count, ICL-vault, adverse reaction and complication were investigated.

RESULTS: Postoperative UCVA and BCVA were significantly higher than that in preoperative group(P<0.01). Significant difference was found in UCVA between postoperative groups except between 1mo and 1a. No significant difference were found in BCVA among postoperative groups(P<0.05). Postoperative SE at all time points were lower than that in preoperative group(P<0.01). Average SE after 1wk after operation were close to 0 diopter. The safety index in 1a postoperative were 1.05±0.14 and the effective index was 1.07±0.14. No significant difference was found in intraocular pressure and endothelial cell density after surgery comparing to that in preoperative group(P>0.05). None of subjects developed cataract, glaucoma and decompensation of corneal endothelium. The degree of postoperative satisfaction was 100%.

CONCLUSION: ICL V4c implantation is a safe and effective method for the correction of low to moderate myopia. The visual acuity stabilized 1mo after operation.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the clinical effect of external rectus muscle amputation in the treatment of divergence insufficiency.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 37 cases of insufficiency in our hospital from February 2011 to October 2017. The clinical manifestations were hyperopic esotropia with ipsilateral diplopia, myopia implicit esotropia without diplopia, and the monocular and binocular movements were normal. Preoperative refractive, strabismus, near stereopsis, negative fusion force examination, and then single or double external rectus muscle surgery.

RESULTS: Double vision disappeared after all cases, and there was no recurrence in diplopia after one year of follow-up. The preoperative long-term internal strabismus was +15^△-+28^△, with an average of 18.4^△±5.7^△, the near-internal strabismus was +5^△-+16^△, the average was 10.3^△±3.6^△, The difference value of long distance and short distance strabismus was 8.1^△±2.3^△; one week after surgery, the distance strabismus was -5.4^△±1.5^△, the near-distance squint was -7.2^△±1.6^△, the difference value was 1.8^△±0.6^△; the one year postoperative strabismus was -1.9^△±1.2^△, the close squint was -3.4^△±1.4^△, the difference value was 1.5^△±0.8^△. The long-distance strabismus one week after operation and one year after operation was significantly lower than that before operation(P<0.05). The difference of distance and strabismus between one week and one year after operation was statistically significant. Preoperative the difference between near and far squint one week and one year after operation was statistically significant(P<0.05). The difference was statistically significant between the preoperative and postoperative one week. The difference was statistically significant 1 week after surgery and 1 year after surgery. The long-distance negative fusion force before surgery was 3^△-9^△, with an average of 5.1^△±1.8^△, and the near-negative fusion force was 15^△-24^△, with an average of 19.4^△±3.2^△. The long-near negative fusion force was 10.1^△±3.3^△, 19.7^△±4.1^△ at 1wk after operation, and the long-distance negative fusion force was 11.2^△±3.6^△, 20.2^△±4.8^△ for one year after operation. There was a statistically significant difference between the patients with preoperative and one week postoperative negative fusion(q=4.551, P=0.013). There was no significant difference between the one week and one year after surgery(q=0.713, P=0.115).There was no significant difference in the patients' brachytherapy before and after one week and one year after operation(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Divergence insufficiency of external rectus muscle surgery can effectively reduce the difference of long-distance strabismus after surgery, eliminate the symptoms of diplopia in patients, and improve the near stereoscopic sharpness and long-distance negative fusion force.