Abstract:AIM: To explore the safety and efficacy of air tamponade in the closure of large idiopathic macular holes(IMHs).

METHODS: A retrospective study. Nine eyes of eight patients with large IMH were admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to may 2018. Mean macular hole(MH)minimum diameter >700 μm and mean MH basal diameter >1 300 μm. All the patients were underwent 25G phacovitrectomy, internal limiting membrane flaptuck, and sterilized air tamponade in the vitreous cavity. With a mean follow up of 12mo, the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and macular hole closure were compared before and after operation.

RESULTS: At the last follow up, all the patients obtained MH closure. The SD-OCT showed that the postoperative MH closure rate was 100%(9/9). Postoperative BCVA improved significantly compared with the preoperative(0.83±0.26 vs 1.27±0.28), the difference was statistically significant(P=0.007). No complications occurred during and after the operation.

CONCLUSION: Sterilized air tamponade might provide a safe and efficient effect on the closure of large IMHs.

Abstract:AIM: To study the effects of blunt trauma of eye on visual acuity and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL).

METHODS: A prospective observational study was done on the patients of a road traffic accident(RTA)having blunt trauma injury of the eye from august 2018 to July 2019 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki. Patients between the age group of 20 to 65 years undergoing RTA with ocular complaints were included in this study. Colour vision, contrast sensitivity, and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)were recorded, RNFL analysis was done through OCT.

RESULT: A total of 108 patients were enrolled in this study and were grouped as 54 cases and 54 controls. The mean age was 43±2.3 years with 11(20.4%)females and 43(79.6%)males in the case group. At initial visit after RTA, the difference between color vision, contrast sensitivity and BCVA between right and left eyes of cases and controls were significant. After a follow up of 3mo only significant difference was noted in contrast sensitivity between cases and control groups. Change in color vision and BCVA after 3mo was insignificant. Similarly, an initial significant difference was noted in mean RNFL thickness between cases and control groups, but after follow up of 3mo mean RNFL thickness difference was significant only in superior and temporal quadrants.

CONCLUSION:RTA or blunt trauma of eye can lead to persistent RNFL thinning and decreased visual function.

Abstract:AIM:To establish the hypoxia induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition(EndoMT)model of endothelial cells, and to investigate the effect and mechanism of Pirfenidone(PFD)on inhibiting the subretinal fibrosis progression.

METHODS: Primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC), 4-7 passages were used for experiments after cell identification. CoCl₂ induced hypoxia to establish the transformation model of endothelial cells into fibroblasts. CCK-8 was performed to detect cell proliferation rate and chose the optimal drug concentration. All cells were divided into 4 groups: control group(FBS-free), CoCl₂(200μmol/L)group, CoCl₂+0.3mg/mL PFD group, CoCl₂+0.6mg/mL PFD group. The protein expression of CD31, VE-cadherin, α-SMA, FSP1, p-p38 and p38 were detected by Western blot. Double immunofluorescence labeling method was used to observe the CD31/α-SMA expression. Wound healing assay detected the cell migration. The q-PCR was applied to detect the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and SNAI1.

RESULTS: Compared with CoCl₂ group, PFD increased cell proliferation rate and inhibited cell migration significantly under hypoxia(P<0.05). PFD decreased the protein expression of the mesenchymal markers α-SMA and FSP1, and increased the protein level of the endothelial markers CD31 and VE-cadherin(P<0.05). Double immunofluorescence results showed that PFD could reduce the expression of α-SMA and increase the level of CD31(P<0.05). In the process of EndoMT, the p38 protein expression level was stable(P>0.05). PFD down-regulated significantly the high protein expression of p-p38, and high mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and SNAI1 compared with control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the 0.3 and 0.6mg/mL PFD groups in all results above.

CONCLUSION: PFD can inhibit the formation of fibrosis in endothelial cells. TGF-β/p38MAPK signaling pathway might be one of the mechanisms that PFD regulates EndoMT progression. PFD will be expected to become a potential new sight on the treatment of subretinal fibrosis.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the protective effect of complex thrombolysis capsule on high altitude retinopathy in rat models and its possible mechanism.

METHODS: Twenty-four adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups and were put into plateau environment simulation experimental chamber at simulated altitude of 5 000m for 2, 4, 6, 10, 24, 72h respectively. Retinal pathology, HIF-1α and the b wave amplitudes of Max-R of flash ERG were examined by HE,IHC and flash ERG. Twenty-four adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and were given respectively placebo, rhodiolarosea, inosine tablet and compound xueshuantong capsule by gavage for 7d. They were put into plateau environment simulation experimental chamber at simulated altitude of 5 000m for 10h. Retinal pathology, HIF-1α and the b wave amplitudes of Max-R of flash ERG were examined by HE, IHC and flash ERG.

RESULTS: In the SD rat model of high-altitude retinopathy, with the increase of experimental time, the ganglion cell layer of rat's retina showed obvious edema and HIF-1α expression increased in the cytoplasm of ganglion cells and core cells. All of them were most obvious at 10h. Compared with the self-comparison of b wave amplitudes of Max-R of flash ERG in each group of SD rats before and after entering in plateau environment simulation experimental chamber, the b wave amplitudes of Max-R in 4h, 6h, 10h and 72h were dramatically decreased(P﹤0.05). And the 2h, 4h(P=0.007), 6h(P=0.008), 10h(P=0.002)were statistically significant differences, the 24h and 4h(P=0.035), the 6h(P=0.040)and 10h(P=0.012)were also statistically significant differences. In the study of protective effect of complex thrombolysis caps on high altitude retinopathy in rat models, the results showed that the rat retinal edema of rhodiolarosea group, inosine tablet group and compound thrombosis capsule group and HIF-1α expression in ganglion cell layer of compound thrombosis group and rhodiolarosea group were significantly reduced comparing with the placebo group. Test for homogeneity of variance and one-way ANOVA were used to test the difference of b wave amplitudes of Max-R of flash ERG in four groups of SD rats after entering in the plateau environment simulation experimental chamber, the results showed the complex thrombolysis caps group(P=0.032)and rhodiola rose group(P=0.001)was significantly lower than placebo group.

CONCLUSION: Compound thrombosis caps may have a protective effect on highaltitude retinopathy in rats by inhibiting the expression of HIF-1α, however, the specific mechanism needs to be further studied.

Abstract:AIM: To further explore effective drugs for dry eye treatment by isolating and culturing lacrimal gland epithelial cells in vitro, establishing a dry eye cell model and analyzing relevant inflammatory factors.

METHODS: Rabbit lacrimal gland epithelial cells were in vitro isolated and cultured, and the activity and purity of primary cells were identified by cell proliferation experiment and immunofluorescence experiment. In addition, 0.5 times IC₅₀ of lipopolysaccharide LPS and TNF-α were used respectively to stimulate rabbit lacrimal gland epithelial cells and then establish two dry eye cell models. Finally, through cell proliferation experiment, ELISA and flow cytometry, the biological characteristics of these two dry eye cell models were compared.

RESULTS:After 12h of culture, the primary cells of lacrimal gland epithelial cells basically adhered to the wall of culture bottles; and 48h later, the cells stretched and almost each of them presented a shape of a long triangle. The activity of primary cells of lacrimal gland epithelium was 92%, and the positive rate of marker Pan-rkeratin was more than 90%, which accorded with the experimental requirements. The IC₅₀ of LPS and TNF-α are 20μg/mL and 4.996ng/mL respectively. After 12h of intervention with LPS(10μg/mL)and TNF-α(2.5ng/mL), the cell activity of the two groups was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.01); compared between these two groups, the apoptosis rate of TNF-α group is higher than that of LPS group(P<0.01). The levers of IL-1β and IL-6 in the cell supernatants of the two groups were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01); compared between the two groups, IL-1β and IL-6 in TNF-α group were significantly higher than those in LPS group(P<0.01). It was suggested that TNF-α was superior to LPS in simulating inflammatory response of dry eye.

CONCLUSION: This study successfully established a relatively simple and rapid rabbit dry eye cell model with high cell purity and stability, which provided a more stable in vitro experimental model for the basic research on the function of rabbit lacrimal gland epithelial cells and dry eye.

Abstract:AIM: To study the histological and ultrastructural changes of mouse retina after exposure to e-cigarette and the potential mechanism.

METHODS: Totally 18 male c57BL mice aged 8-week-old were divided into control group(n=6), 0mg nicotine group(n=6)and 12mg nicotine group(n=6). The histological and ultrastructural changes of retina were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and transmission electron microscope(TEM), respectively. Additionally, the expression of Tuj1 and 8-OHdG was examined using immunofluorescent staining.

RESULTS: In comparison with control group, the thickness of whole retina, nerve fiber layer(NFL)and inner plexiform layer(IPL)was significantly decreased in experimental groups(0mg and 12mg nicotine group)(P<0.01), but no significant difference was observed between 0mg and 12mg nicotine group(P>0.05). The dramatically reduced microvilli of RPE cells were also observed in experimental groups using TEM. Furthermore, residual microvilli were shortened. The expression of Tuj1 was decreased in ganglion cell layer(GCL), NFL and IPL, but no significant changes in the number of retinal ganglion cells were shown among three groups(P>0.05). In addition, the increased expression of 8-OHdG was observed in GCL and inner nuclear layer(INL)in experimental groups.

CONCLUSION: E-cigarette can lead to the retinal damages in mice, which might be due to oxidative stress.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the clinical effect of conbercept combined with 25G minimally invasive vitrectomy in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR), and analyze the influencing factors of postoperative vitreous rehaemorrhage.

METHODS: Totally 179 eyes of 179 PDR patients confirmed and treated in our hospital from 2017-04/2019-11 were selected and grouped according to patients' condition and intention. 108 patients in the observation group underwent conbercept combined with 25G minimally invasive vitrectomy, while 71 patients in the control group underwent 25G minimally invasive vitrectomy only. The baseline data, intraoperative condition, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, amplitude of N1 wave latency, central macular thickness(CMT)in the macular area before and after operation, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. The influencing factors of vitreous rehaemorrhage in PDR patients were analyzed.

RESULTS:The operative time, intraoperative bleeding rate, electrocoagulation rate, incidence of iatrogenic retinal hiatal aperture, the number of laser points and silicone oil filling rate of the observation group were all lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). After 6mo, BCVA(LogMAR), CMT and N1 wave latencies amplitude of the two groups were improved compared with those before operation, and the observation group was better than the control group(all P<0.05). The incidence of total complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(14.8% vs 40.8%, P<0.05). There were 31 cases and 31 eyes with vitreous rehaemorrhage after operation. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated HbA1c, vascular occlusion, proliferative retinal traction and no use of conbercept were risk factors for postoperative vitreous rehaemorrhage in PDR patients.

CONCLUSION: Conbercept combined with 25G minimally invasive vitrectomy in the treatment of PDR can reduce the intraoperative bleeding rate, reduce complications, shorten the operation time, and thus help to improve visual acuity and visual function. Effective control of blood glucose to reduce HbA1c level, intraoperative removal of fibrovascular hyperplasia membrane as much as possible to relieve retinal traction, and combined treatment with conbercept can reduce the risk of postoperative vitreous rehaemorrhage.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the clinical effects of Glucocorticoids, Cyclophosphamide and Octreotide in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy(GO).

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted. Totally 102 patients(152 eyes)with GO admitted to the hospital between June 2018 and October 2019 were divided into glucocorticoid group(33 cases, 51 eyes), cyclophosphamide group(38 cases, 59 eyes), and octreotide group(31 cases, 42 eyes)according to the treatment method. All groups received 12wk of treatment. The treatment results were comparatively analyzed. Changes in proptosis degree, diplopia, intraocular pressure and visual acuity before and after treatment were measured. Clinical activity scoring(CAS)of thyroid associated eye movements was performed. Changes in ocular axes, eyeball transverse diameter, ocular apex distance, retrobulbar perimeter, area and volume were measured by eye ultrasound. Changes in thyrotropin receptor antibody(TRAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb)and thyroid volume before and after treatment were determined. The incidence of adverse reactions was counted.

RESULTS: Compared with octreotide group, grades of curative effect of glucocorticoid group and cyclophosphamide group were better(P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between glucocorticoid group and cyclophosphamide group(P>0.05). After 12wk of treatment, the proptosis degree and CAS scores of the three groups were decreased(P<0.05), visual acuity and conscious diplopia were improved, ocular apex distance, retrobulbar perimeter, area and volume, TRAb, TPOAb and thyroid volume were decreased(P<0.05). The proptosis degree, CAS scores, ocular apex distance, retrobulbar perimeter, area and volume, TRAb, TPOAb and thyroid volume of glucocorticoid group and cyclophosphamide group were smaller than those of octreotide group(P<0.05), without statistically significant differences between glucocorticoid group and cyclophosphamide group(P>0.05). During treatment, the incidences of weight gain and the total incidence of adverse reactions were higher in glucocorticoid group than in cyclophosphamide group and octreotide group(P<0.0167), but there were no statistically significant differences between cyclophosphamide group and octreotide group(P>0.0167).

CONCLUSION:Glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide are better than octreotide in the treatment of GO, which can better improve ocular signs and thyroid-related lesions. Additionally, the incidence of adverse reactions caused by cyclophosphamide is lower than glucocorticoids, and its safety is higher. Therefore, cyclophosphamide is the first choice for treating GO.

Abstract:Retinal degenerative diseases, a type of blinding eye diseases in which retinal neuron apoptosis is the main pathological process. Neuronal cells cannot be regenerated after damage, Müller cells are important glial cells of the retina and involved in retinal development, damage, and regeneration process. In recent years, studies have proved that Müller cells are an endogenous alternative source for stimulating damaged retinal neurons and an excellent target for retinal nerve regeneration. This article reviews the related factors of Müller cells and retinal nerve regeneration, and provides a new direction for nerve regeneration research.

Abstract:Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is a type of orbital disease, it is caused by a specific autoimmune reaction, and is closely related to thyroid disease. Furthermore, TAO significantly affects the appearance and visual functionality of patients. Moreover, those with severe symptoms are at a risk of blindness, which makes it difficult for them to lead normal lives. However, its pathogenesis has not been fully established yet. Autophagy, is a process of phagocytosis and degradation of its own cytoplasmic proteins or organelles, this realizes the metabolic needs of cells and the renewal of some organelles. Previous studies have shown that, compared to normal people, the level of orbital autophagy in TAO patients is higher, and it plays an important role in the occurrence and development of the disease. This paper briefly describes the role of autophagy in the occurrence and development of TAO from three aspects, namely, inflammation, fat formation, and glycosaminoglycan(GAG)accumulation.

Abstract:A series of fundus changes caused by excessive axial elongation in pathological myopia, especially maculopathy, are the main factors causing vision loss or blindness. In recent years, with the increasing prevalence of high myopia and pathological myopia, people pay more and more attention to the fundus complications of pathological myopia. It has become a big difficult problem to prevent the irreversible vision impairment caused by pathological myopia. The purpose of this review is to discuss the latest progress of fundus characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of maculopathy in pathological myopia from three aspects based on the latest classification of myopic maculopathy, namely ATN classification system, which considers atrophic(A), tractional(T)and neovascular(N)components.

Abstract:Dry eye has become one of the relatively common complications following keratoplasty due to the surgical destruction of the ocular surface and long-term application of topical eye drops. Dry eye will result in corneal epithelial defects and further could decrease the survival rate of the grafts. In order to better understand dry eye following corneal transplantation and to provide clinical guidance for physicians, we reviewed recent domestic and international published literatures regarding its pathogenesis, clinical features, prevention and management.

Abstract:Diabetic retinopathy(DR)remains a major cause of worldwide preventable blindness among working-age adults. DR screening programs are challenged by the rising burden of diabetes, unbalancing distribution of health resources and poor compliance with regular fundus examination. Teleophthalmology provide a viable method for rural remotely diabetic patients evaluated and monitored by the ophthalmologist at far location by exchange of medical data through electronic telecommunications technology. This review apply Wilson and Jungner's all 10 criteria of screening for chronic diseases to evaluate telemedicine screening program, summarizes and compares telemedicine screening programs according to American Telemedicine Association validation level.

Abstract:Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a kind of multi-factor mediated diseases, currently accepted DR environment that is caused by chronic high blood glucose metabolic abnormalities caused by, but it is regulated by the genetic factors, is considered to be a classic case of complex diseases, can be attributed to genetic factors, environmental factors and the interaction of the results. Genetic studies on the occurrence and development of DR have achieved some results, but the specific pathogenic genes and their pathogenesis are still not clear. In this study, potential DR susceptibility genes and their polymorphisms have been identified so far, so as to provide reference for further study of DR pathogenic genes and their pathogenesis.

Abstract:Retinol dehydrogenase 5(RDH5)is an NAD(H)retina-dependent oxidase. As a key enzyme in the visual cycle, it can initiate a series of enzymatic reactions to produce visual pigment, so as to achieve the conversion of photoelectric signal and participate in the formation of retinoic acid, etc. RDH5 mutation can greatly reduce the enzyme activity and even cause severe hereditary retinopathy, such as fundus albipunctatus, retinitis pigmentosa, and retinitis punctate albescens. In this paper, the research progress of RDH5 in visual cycle and hereditary retinal diseases in recent years is reviewed.

Abstract:The good effect of refractive cataract surgery depends on a variety of factors, mainly including accuratebiometrics before surgery and accurate calculation of intraocular lens(IOL)power. The accuracy of intraocular biometrics with abnormal eyes axis before surgery is lower. Moreover, compared with the normal eyes axis, the error of postoperative refractive state prediction is larger, which brings great challenges to obtaining the best postoperative visual quality. Recently, new optical biometrics have been used clinically, and individualized IOL power calculation formulas have been developed and applied, which makes the choice of intraocular lens power more accurate. This article reviews the latest research progress on the measurement of eye parameters and the selection of IOL power calculation formula in patients with abnormal axial cataract in the past 3a, in order to provide reference for clinical application.

Abstract:Amblyopia is the leading cause of visual impairment in children. It is also one of the main causes of monocular vision loss in adults. It is effectively treated using correct treatment when initiated during the sensitive period of visual development. Historically, patching or other means of penalization following refractive correction has been the main treatment for amblyopia. With the advancing of exploration on the neural mechanism of amblyopia, binocular treatment has been proposed as an innovative method for the treatment of amblyopia. Different forms of binocular treatment were reported by researchers. This review will focus on the application and progress of binocular treatment in amblyopia.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine(TCM-WM)in the treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy(TON).

METHODS:The computer searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM), Wan-Fang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database and Weipu database. Search time was limited from their inception to May 2020. A comprehensive search strategy was designed to identify all randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing TCM-WM therapy versus WM therapy alone. The methodological quality of the included trials was assessed by the quality grade evaluation used in Cochrane handbook. Data extraction and Meta-analysis were performed by RevMan5.3 statistical software.

RESULTS: Twelve RCTs were included. The Meta-analysis showed that compared with the WM therapy alone in treating TON, TCM-WM therapy was better in improving the effective rate \〖RR=1.33, 95% CI(1.23-1.45), P<0.001\〗, visual acuity \〖MD=0.18,95% CI(0.14-0.23), P<0.001\〗, visual field mean defect \〖MD=-3.08, 95% CI(-5.20-0.96), P=0.004\〗, P₁₀₀ lantency \〖MD=-9.47, 95% CI(-16.37-2.57), P=0.007\〗 as well as P₁₀₀ amplitude \〖MD=1.44, 95% CI (0.22-2.66), P=0.02\〗. Two researches reported the occurrence and treatment of adverse reactions, and the remaining included researches did not report the adverse reactions.

CONCLUSION:The TCM-WM therapy in treating TON is more effective compared with the WM therapy alone.

Abstract:AIM: To systematically evaluate the effect of anti-VEGF and laser treatment on type 1 retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).

METHODS: Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)comparing the efficacy of anti-VEGF and laser therapy for type 1 ROP were retrieved from PubMed, EMbase, CBM, The Cochrane Library, WanFang Data, CNKI and VIP databases. The search time was from the establishment of the databases to January 2020. The data were extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After quality evaluation, then Meta-analysis was made by Revman 5.3 software.

RESULTS: A total of 6 RCTs were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that: there was no statistical difference in the recurrence incidence between anti-VEGF group and laser group [RR=0.94, 95% CI (0.17-5.23), P=0.94]; subgroup analysis revealed a statistical significant in zone Ⅰ[RR=0.17, 95% CI (0.05-0.62), P=0.007], while zone II has no statistical significant [RR=2.20, 95% CI (0.07-73.48), P=0.66]. Compared with the laser group, the retreatment rate [RR=2.36, 95% CI (0.70-7.99), P=0.17]was statistical significant; There was no significant difference in subgroup analysis of zone Ⅰ[RR=0.33, 95% CI (0.01-7.50), P=0.49], while the difference in zone Ⅱ[RR=13, 95% CI (1.84-92.01), P=0.01] was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups[RR=0.87,95% CI(0.54-1.40),P=0.57].

CONCLUSION: Laser and anti-VEGF treatment are equally effective. Anti-VEGF has less recurrence rate in zone Ⅰ while laser is more effective in the retreatment rate in zone Ⅱ.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the visual related quality of life between patients who underwent binocular and unilateral AT LISA tri 839MP intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.

METHODS: A prospective observational study. Forty-five patients with cataract phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation were collected in our hospital from may 2018 to August 2019 were collected. According to whether trifocal intraocular lens(AT LISA tri 839MP)was implanted in both eyes, it was divided into two groups. For bilateral group(24 people), patients accepted AT LISA tri 839MP IOL in both eyes. For unilateral group(21 people), patients accepted AT LISA tri 839MP IOL in one eye and an aspheric monofocal IOL in the other eye. After follow-up 3mo, the binocular uncorrected distant, intermediate and near visual acuity(bUCDVA, bUCIVA, bUCNVA), visual function questionnaire, daily life degroscopy rate and satisfaction degree of the two groups were compared and analyzed.

RESULTS: Three months after operation, there was no significant difference in bUCDVA, bUCIVA, bUCNVA between two groups(P>0.05). And also, there were no significant difference in VF-14-CN questionnaire score(96.2±0.50, 92.43±1.32), degroscopy rate(96%, 90%)and satisfaction(96%, 95%)between the two groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Patients who accepted AT LISA tri 839MP IOL in both eyes and who accepted AT LISA tri 839MP IOL in one eye and an aspheric monofocal IOL in the other eye, share excellent bUCDVA, bUCIVA, bUCNVA. There was no significant difference in postoperative vision-related QoL, spectacle independency and satisfaction between the two groups. For patients who are not suitable for the implantation of trifocal IOL at one eye or who have had the aspheric single-focus IOL implanted at the previous eye, trifocal IOL implantation at another eye can be considered to meet the requirements of the whole binocular vision.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the accuracy of Toric intraocular lens(IOL)alignment and visual outcome using the femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy markings(FLACM)versus a conventional slitlamp-assisted manual marking(SAMM)procedure.

METHODS: Totally 50 patients required cataract surgery and Toric IOL implantation were assigned to the FLACM group(25 eyes)or the SAMM group(25 eyes). The uncorrected distant visual acuity(UCDVA), best corrected distant visual acuity(BCDVA), residual astigmatism(RA), IOL rotation, MTF Total were measured 1mo after surgery.

RESULTS: The UCDVA(LogMAR)was significantly lower in the FLACM group than in the SAMM group 1mo postoperatively(0.15±0.09 vs 0.22±0.11, P<0.05). The RA and IOL rotation were significantly lower in the FLACM group than in the SAMM group(0.30±0.18D vs 0.64±0.28D, P<0.05; 3.64°±1.68° vs 5.40°±3.44°, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the BCDVA and MTF total value(P>0.05). The UCDVA(LogMAR)was positive correlative to the RA(r=0.350, P<0.05)and IOL rotation(r=0.369, P<0.05), and was negative correlative to the MTF total value(r= -0.290, P<0.05); the RA was positive correlative to the IOL rotation(r=0.431, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The accuracy of the axis alignment was significantly higher in the FLACM group, which results in lower residual astigmatism and better visual outcome.

Abstract:AIM:To discuss the effect of Yijing Buyang Huanwu Decoction combined with timolol maleate eye drop on the blood supply and intraocular pressure in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).

METHODS:The 120 patients with POAG in our hospital from February 2018 to February 2020 were selected, they were divided into decoction group(n=60)and eye drop group(n=60)according to the randomly table. The eye drop group was treated with timolol maleate eye drop, and the decoction group was treated with Yijing Buyang Huanwu Decoction on the basis of the eye drop group, the eye blood supply \〖end diastolic velocity(EDV), peak systolic velocity(PSA), resistance index(RI)of central retinal artery(CRA)and posterior ciliary artery(PCA)\〗, intraocular pressure, visual acuity, visual field \〖mean sensitivity(MS), mean deviation(MD)\〗, efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The EDV and PSA of the CRA and PCA and the visual acuity, MS in the Decoction group and eye drop group after treatment were significantly higher than those in the before treatment, the RI of the CRA and PCA and the intraocular pressure, MD in the Decoction group and eye drop group after treatment were significantly lower than those in the before treatment, the EDV and PSA of the CRA and PCA and the visual acuity, MS in the Decoction group after treatment were significantly higher than those in the eye drop group, the RI of the CRA and PCA and the intraocular pressure, MD in the Decoction group after treatment were significantly lower than those in the eye drop group(P<0.05). The effective rate in the Decoction group was significantly higher than that in eye drop group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the Decoction group and eye drop group(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Yijing Buyang Huanwu Decoction combined with timolol maleate eye drop can effectively improve the blood supply, intraocular pressure and visual acuity, visual field of patients with POAG, it can improve the efficacy, and it has the good safety, it's worth for further clinical promotion.

Abstract:AIM:To measure the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness(CT)in primary angle-closure disease(PACD)with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT). To explore the characteristics of CT in each subtypes of PACD and to evaluate its role in the pathogenesis of PACD.

METHODS: This was a prospective clinical study. A total of 155 PACD eyes(82 patients)were enrolled in the study, including 24 PACS eyes(24 patients), 35 APAC eyes(28 patients), 38 CPAC eyes(30 patients), 58 eyes PACG(38 patients). 87 normal eyes(87 patients)were set up as control. The EDI-OCT was used to measure the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness in all study patients.

RESULTS: PACD eyes exhibited thicker choroid than the control eyes at all macular locations(P<0.05). Choroidal thickness of PACG was thinner than other PACD eyes in area except for 3mm nasal from the fovea(P<0.05). Subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)of APAC was thickest(357.17±61.49μm), followed by PACS group(318.04±56.52μm). PACG group presented the thinnest SFCT(263.55±67.87μm). The average macular CT at 1mm centered at the fovea was thinner than SFCT(P<0.05)in all subgroups except for CPAC. The average macular CT at 3mm as well as 1mm centered at the fovea was thinner than SFCT in all subgroups(P<0.05). There was no statistical differences in CT at peripapillary locations between PACD and controls groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: In PACD and controls groups, the CT of subfoveal location was the thickest with decreasing thickness when moving eccentrically from the fovea. The thicker CT might be another anatomic characteristic of PACD. Increased CT in macular location might be a contributing factor of acute attacks. There was no characteristic distinction in the peripapillary CT of PACD when compared with normal controls.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the curative effect of pterygium excision combined with free conjunctival flap transplantation on primary pterygium and the influence on tear film function.

METHODS:Totally 120 patients(126 eyes)with primary pterygium who were admitted to the hospital between January 2018 and October 2019 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into two groups according to the random number table method. 62 cases(64 eyes)in the conjunctival transplantation group were treated with pterygium excision combined with free conjunctival flap transplantation. 58 cases(62 eyes)in the amniotic membrane transplantation group were treated with pterygium excision combined with amniotic membrane transplantation. The length of Schirmer's-Ⅰ test(SⅠt), tear film break-up time(BUT), corneal fluorescein staining(FL)scores, noninvasive Keratograph tear breakup time(NIBUT), determine tear river height(TMH)and conjunctival goblet cell count were determined before surgerry, at 3mo and 6mo after surgery. Patients' quality of life was evaluated with ocular surface disease index(OSDI), and the therapeutic effect and recurrence were evaluated at 6mo after surgery.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the average repair time of corneal epithelium or the duration of symptoms between the conjunctival transplantation group and the amniotic membrane transplantation group(P>0.05). At 6mo after surgery, the BUT \〖(11.11±2.77)s vs(10.01±2.41)s\〗, NIBUT \〖(10.01±1.52)s vs (9.52±0.98)s\〗 in conjunctival transplantation group was longer than that in the amniotic membrane transplantation group(P<0.05), and the FL score was lower than the amniotic membrane transplantation group \〖(0.44±0.10)points vs(0.50±0.11)points\〗(P<0.05). The conjunctival goblet cell counts in both groups were increased significantly after surgery(P<0.05). At 3mo and 6mo after surgery, the counts in conjunctival transplantation group were larger than those in the amniotic membrane transplantation group \〖(311.41±58.45)/mm² vs(285.46±68.96)/mm²,(342.41±66.89)/mm² vs(314.41±70.12)/mm²\〗(P<0.05). The OSDI scores of both groups were significantly decreased after surgery(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups(P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall curative effect between the two groups(P>0.05). The recurrence rates in the conjunctival transplantation group and the amniotic membrane transplantation group were 6.3% and 6.5%, respectively(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Pterygium resection combined with autologous conjunctival flap transplantation is equivalent to amniotic membrane transplantation in terms of postoperative recovery and prevention of pterygium recurrence. Both can improve the stability of patients' tear film function.

Abstract:AIM:To assess the changes of posterior corneal elevation after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE).

METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 120 patients(240 eyes)who underwent SMILE surgery with myopia. All patients were examined with the Pentacam of preoperation and 1d, 1wk, 1, 3, 6 and 12mo postoperatively, respectively. We analyze the change of the posterior corneal elevation of the apex, and the change of mean posterior corneal elevation in the circle of 2mm, and 6mm diameter.

RESULTS:Comparison among the three groups showed that the differences of apex and 2mm circle at a different time and between the groups were statistically significant(apex: F_time=30.09, P_time<0.01; F_group=7.29, P_group<0.01; 2mm circle: F_time=24.72, P_time<0.01; F_group=7.44, P_group=0.01), and there was no statistically significant difference in interaction time and groups(apex: F_time×group=1.65, P_time×group=0.15; 2mm circle: F_time×group=1.81, P_time×group=0.25). The difference of 6mm circle at different time points after the operation was statistically significant(F_time=18.34, P_time<0.01), while the difference in interaction time and groups was not statistically significant(F_group=2.21, P_group=0.12; F_time×group=1.34, P_time×group=0.25). In the low and moderate myopia groups, the changes of the apex, 2mm circle and 6mm circle in the posterior corneal elevation were statistically significant within 1mo after surgery(P<0.05); In the high myopia group, there were statistically significant at the apex and 2mm circle within 3mo after surgery(P<0.05); There was statistically significant after surgery at 6mm circle within 1mo(P<0.05). In all cases, the difference of the posterior corneal elevation between 1wk and 1d was negative at the apex and 2mm circle, after that, the difference became positive and smaller. The reverse was true at the 6mm circle.

CONCLUSION:Among three groups after SMILE, the central posterior cornea was slightly backward, and the peripheral cornea was slightly forward, the changes were most obvious after 1wk and then returned gradually. It means the surgery was safe, stable, precise, and predictable.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the effect of stereoscopic 4D(S4D)technology as a visual training system in children with hyperopic amblyopia and hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.

METHODS: Totally 48 patients aged 3-9 years with hyperopic amblyopia and hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia were recruited, including 18 hyperopic amblyopia(36 eyes)and 30 hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia(30 eyes). All patients excluded other eye diseases and received S4D technology training on the basis of refractive correction and reasonable covering. The initial training was mainly to improve visual acuity. Those with visual acuity above 0.6 were treated with disinhibition training and binocular visual function training. The changes of visual acuity and binocular stereopsis before and after training were compared.

RESULTS: The 18 patients(36 eyes)with hyperopic amblyopia were divided into mild amblyopia group(n=13), moderate amblyopia group(n=19)and severe amblyopia group(n=4). 30 patients(30 eyes)with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia were divided into mild amblyopia group(n=5), moderate amblyopia group(n=13)and severe amblyopia group(n=12). The visual acuity was significantly improved after 60 times of treatment. After 60 times of treatment, stereopsis was significantly improved, which had nothing to do with the initial diopter(P>0.05), but positively correlated with the visual acuity initially and finally(P<0.05), and positively correlated with the amount of anisometropia(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: S4D technology training combined with traditional treatment can effectively improve the visual acuity and binocular function of 3-9 years old children with anisometropic amblyopia and hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.

Abstract:AIM:To find out the prevalence of myopia among children and teenagers aged from 3 to 18 years in Qingyang District of Chengdu, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of myopia.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 72 270 students, including 37 278 males(51.58%)and 34 992 females(48.42%), aged from 3 to 18 years old were screened in 38 schools in Qingyang District of Chengdu from October 2019 to January 2020, with an average age of(10.22±3.22)years old. The incidence of myopia, high myopia, anisometropia, refractive status and axial development were analyzed.

RESULTS: The incidence of myopia is 57.50%, high myopia 3.33%, moderate anisometropia 9.80%, and high anisometropia 4.24%. The age group between two adjacent two comparison: the myopia prevalence of 6-14 years old difference was statistically significant(all P<0.0033), high myopia incidence between 9-14 and 15-16 difference was statistically significant(all P<0.0033), the incidence of moderate anisometropia 7-11, 12 and 13 years old(all P<0.0033), high incidence of anisometropia, 5 and 6, and 8-12 years old(all P<0.0033). Axial length: the axial length of the right eye(23.658±1.258)mm, the left eye(23.611±1.246)mm, and the axial length of the left and right eyes between 5 and 18 years old showed statistical differences(all P<0.05), and the axial length of the right eye was longer than that of the left eye. The axial length of emmetropia and myopia of the eyes(take the right eye)in the same age group was statistically significant between the ages of 6 and 18(all P<0.01). The relationship between the refractive state and the axial length(right eye analysis): with the increase of age, the axial length increased, and the refractive index of the equivalent spherical mirror of hyperopia decreased gradually, and myopia increased gradually after emmetropia. The mean value of the equivalent spherical mirror(SE)was positive between 3-6 years old. From the age of 7, the mean value of SE turned to a negative value, presenting a myopic change, and the axial length was 22.923±0.759mm. Under different refractive conditions, the axial length was hyperopia as 22.489±0.853mm, and the emmetropia as 23.023±0.802mm, low myopia as 23.860±0.965mm, moderative myopia as 25.137±0.929mm, and high myopia as 26.252±1.040mm.

CONCLUSION: Compared with the past, the prevalence of myopia and the incidence of high myopia are on the rise. Prevention of myopia before the age of 7, and prevention of the development of high myopia should start at the age of 10. It is suggested that good eye hygiene habits should be formed before the age of 8 to prevent the occurrence and development of moderate and high refractive errors. Myopia changes at the age of 7, and myopia is more likely to occur in the right eye. We can predict the trend of myopia by axial length at different ages, and also assess the severity of myopia by axial length.

Abstract:AIM:To assess the efficacy of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation combined with lens extraction for neovascular glaucoma(NVG)with cataract.

METHODS: A retrospective comparative study was designed. 93 patients with NVG were enrolled. All patients received preoperative anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)injections, 41 eyes underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve(AGV)implantation only, and 52 eyes underwent AGV implantation and lens extraction by phacoemusification. The best corrected visual acuities(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), and surgical complications were evaluated.

RESULTS: Postoperative visual acuity was improved in 16 eyes(39%), decreased in 14 eyes(34%), unchanged in 11 eyes(27%)in group 2, and 15 eyes(29%)improved,24 eyes(46%)decreased, 13 eyes(25%)unchanged in group 1 respectively(P>0.05). The group 2 demonstrated an 51% complete and 22% qualified success rate and 27% failure rate, and the 44% complete and 25% qualified success rate and 31% failure rate in group 1(P>0.05). Among the complications, fibrous exudation(56%)was the first, hyphema(46%)came second in group 2, while shallow anterior chamber(35%)was the most, fibrous exudations(31%)and anterior chamber hyphema(25%)followed in the group 1. And no tube extrusion serious complication had occurred in both groups(P<0.05). No significant differences in postoperative complications were observed between the groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: For NVG with cataract, AGV implantation with lens extraction is a priority for reduction of IOP and improvement of visual acuity.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the therapeutic effect of Ranibizumab on retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)with or without preretinal hemorrhage(PRH).

METHODS: From April 2017 to January 2018, a retrospective study was carried out on the diagnosed and treated ROP cases 66 eyes of 34 in the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University. All the infants were divided into two groups according to PRH or not. All patients were treated with intravitreal Ranibizumab under tropical anesthesia. The infants were followed up, and the cure and retreatment rate between the two groups after initial treatment were compared.

RESULTS: After the initial treatment of intravitreal Ranibizumab, the cure rate was 65%(17)and 98%(39), and the retreatment rate was 35%(9)and 2%(1)in bleeding and non-bleeding group, respectively. 9 eyes with PRH needed retreatment; however, only 1 eye retreatment in the non-bleeding group. Notably, all the retreatment cases were cured by once more intravitreal Ranibizumab. The cure rate between two groups was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: The curative effect with initial treatment of ROP with PRH was significantly lower than that without PRH. The retreatment cases were attenuated by repeated intravitreal Ranibizumab treatment.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate optical quality, intraocular scatter, and determine the impact of retinopathy on optical quality in macular edema(ME)patient by using the Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS^TMⅡ).

METHODS: This was a prospective case-control study. Fifty-eight eyes of 49 macular edema patients who were confirmed by ophthalmic examination in our hospital from August 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the ME group, and 30 eyes of 30 healthy volunteers who were matched with gender and age range for the study were selected for the normal control group. The clinical data of the two groups of patients were recorded. Under the same test conditions, the same operator used OQAS^TMⅡ to check the visual quality of the study object, including the cutoff of the modulation transfer function(MTF cutoff), strehl ratio(SR), OQAS^TMⅡ values(100%, 20%, 9%)and contrast levels(OV100%, OV20%, OV9%). The difference of data between the two groups were analyzed, and the correlation between the visual quality and the thickness and volume of the macular fovea in the ME group were analyzed.

RESULTS: The average best corrected visual acuity in the macular edema group was significantly lower than the control group, and the thickness and volume of macular fovea were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the OSI of the macular edema group was significantly higher, and MTF cutoff, SR value, OV(100%, 20%, 9%)significantly decreased(P<0.001). In the macular disease group, the thickness of macular fovea was positively correlated with OSI(r=0.566, P<0.001), while MTF cutoff(r=-0.336, P=0.010), OV100%(r=-0.326, P=0.013), OV20%(r=-0.349, P=0.007)and OV9%(r=-0.321, P=0.014)were negative correlation, but it had no correlation with SR. In the macular edema group, the volume of macular fovea was positively correlated with OSI(r=0.574, P<0.001). It was negatively correlated with MTF cutoff(r=-0.367, P=0.005), SR(r=-0.265, P=0.045), OV100%(r=-0.351, P=0.007), OV20%(r=-0.385, P=0.003)and OV9%(r=-0.375, P=0.004).

CONCLUSION: The optical quality of patients with macular edema is lower than the normal population, and the changes in macular retina morphology and thickness could affect the optical quality and intraocular scattering. The optical quality parameters measured by OQAS^TMⅡ may provide new clinical reference for macular function evaluation.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the effect of opaque bubble layer(OBL)on the ocular cylotorsion compensation during FS-LASIK procedures.

METHODS: Prospectively clinical study. From July 2019 to September 2019, two-hundred FS-LASIK patients(400 eyes)were randomly included into this study. The total OBL incidence, flap-out OBL incidence, flap-in OBL incidence, incidence of dynamic cyclotorsion component(DCC)and incidence of static cyclotorsion component(SCC)were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: OBL developed in 183 eyes of 400 FS-LASIK eyes, with a total OBL incidence of 45.8%. DCC was successfully performed on 397 eyes, with a total DCC incidence of 99.2%. SCC was successfully performed on 293 eyes, with a total SCC incidence of 73.2%. Neither flap-out OBL nor flap-in OBL could disturb the successful implementation of DCC during the operation(P>0.05). Both flap-out OBL and flap-in OBL could impact the SCC implementation and make it fail(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: OBL can result in failure of SCC implementation during the FS-LASIK procedures.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the short-term and mid-term effectiveness and safety of transscleral ciliary body photocoagulation in the treatment of high intraocular pressure after the removal of malignant glaucoma ciliary ring block.

METHODS: Retrospective study. A collection of 14 eyes of 14 patients with high intraocular pressure after ciliary ring block was lifted from 2016-10/2019-10 malignant glaucoma were treated with 810nm semiconductor diode laser transscleral ciliary photocoagulation. Follow-up 8.36±5.18mo, observation Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure and complications before and after surgery.

RESULTS: The intraocular pressure of 13.60±3.50mmHg at the last follow-up after treatment was different from 40.53±7.14mmHg before operation(P<0.05); there was no difference between the BCVA at the last follow-up postoperative and preoperative(P>0.05). All patients had no difference to the last follow-up and serious complications.

CONCLUSION: The 810nm semiconductor diode laser transscleral ciliary body photocoagulation is effective in the treatment of malignant glaucoma. It is easy to operate, has fewer complications, can effectively reduce intraocular pressure, and has little damage to the best corrected vision after surgery.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effects of Nd:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI)in the treatment of drug-uncontrollable primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG)in acute attack.

METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 22 eyes of 20 patients with drug-refractory primary angle-closure glaucoma treated in the Department of Ophthalmology of Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital from May 2019 to June 2020. All subjects underwent Nd:YAG LPI. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, chamber angle closure range, anterior chamber angle(ACA), anterior chamber volume(ACV), central anterior chamber depth(CACD)and peripheral anterior chamber depth(PACD)were measured before and after the operation. And observe the complications of LPI.

RESULTS:All patients can implement LPI. All subjects' chamber angle closure range were >180° before LPI and 9 eyes(41%)were ≤180° after LPI. The intraocular pressure of 21 eyes(95%)had significantly lower than postoperative(P<0.05). Postoperative anterior chamber parameters such as ACA, ACV and PACD were increased(P<0.05). During the operation,15 eyes(68%)had iris cascade or silk hemorrhage and 5 eyes(23%)had corneal epithelial damage.

CONCLUSION: LPI has high safety and can be implemented in the acute attack stage of drug-uncontrollable PACG. It can reduce intraocular pressure effectively and relieve symptoms, which has a significant effect in the patients.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the repeatability of a swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)based biometer-IOL Master 700 in ocular biometrics in cataract eyes, and to investigate its agreement with a partially coherent optical interference based biometer-IOL Master 500. This study was also designed to compare the detection rate of the axial length(AL)measured by the two biometers.

METHODS:A total of 225 eyes of 133 cataract patients were included in this cross-sectional study from July to September 2018. Ocular biometric parameters including AL, keratometry(K), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), central corneal thickness(CCT)and white to white(WTW)were measured for each participant by both IOL Master 700 and IOL Master 500.

RESULTS: The IOL Master 700 measured S_w of AL, K_m, K₁, K₂, ACD, LT, CCT, WTW in cataract patients were 0.027mm, 0.112D, 0.148D, 0.162D, 0.015mm, 0.010mm, 2.355μm and 0.134mm, CoV was 0.115%-1.162%, ICC≥0.923, the maximum ICC of AL is 1.000, and all measurements had high repeatability. The AL measured by IOL Master 700 and IOL Master 500 were(23.805±2.162)mm and(23.782±2.162)mm respectively, the difference was statistically significant(t=33.645, P<0.001). However, the 95% LoA was 0.003mm-0.043mm, and the AL measured by the two biometers was significantly correlated(r=1.000, P<0.001)with good agreement. The AL detection rates were 93.8%(211/225)for IOL Master 700 and 87.6%(197/225)for IOL Master 500, the difference was statistically significant(χ²=5.147, P=0.023).

CONCLUSION: IOL Master 700 demonstrates excellent repeatability in ocular biometric measurements including AL, K_m, K₁, K₂, ACD, LT, CCT and WTW for cataract patients, especially in AL measurement. IOL Master 700 is in good agreement with IOL Master 500 in measuring AL, however the IOL Master 700 has a higher detection rate for AL in patients with severe opacity and subcapsular opacity in their lens.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the efficacy and safety of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with air tamponade in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD), which caused by superior break(s)following previous vitreoretinal surgery.

METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the inpatients in our hospital from November 2017 to October 2019. Patients with RRD caused by superior break(s)who had underwent previous vitreoretinal surgeries and the proliferative vitreoretinopathy less than PVR-C1 were enrolled. For treatment, patients underwent PPV combined with air tamponade. During the operation, the residual vitreous cortex was fully removed, and the subretinal fluid was aspirated from retinal break(s)as much as possible. Make sure the subretinal fluid around the hole was fully drained. Then firmly laser spots were accomplished to seal the retinal break(s). Finally, filtered air was left in the vitreous cavity as tamponade agent. The patients were informed to keep a prone position for 24h postoperation. The primary outcomes were primary and final success rates, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), and the secondary outcomes were rate of postoperative cataract surgery and high intraocular pressure.

RESULTS: Totally 31 patients(31 eyes)with follow-up time more than 6mo were included. The range of retinal detachment was 6.7±3.8h, and the number of retinal breaks was 1.2±0.7. There are 23 eyes(74%)with macular detachment and 18 eyes(58%)with intraocular lens. 6 eyes(19%)were treated with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation together. The rate of primary retinal reattachment in enrolled patients was 87%(27/31), and the final reattachment rate was 100%(31/31). At the 6mo of postoperatively, the BCVA(LogMAR)increased from 2.17±1.27 to 0.53±0.25(P<0.001). Furthermore, 5 eyes(16%)developed transient ocular hypertension.

CONCLUSION: PPV with air tamponade can achieve a high success reattachment rate in the management of RRD following previous vitreoretinal surgery. It has the advantages of short postoperative prone time and fewer complications.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the changes of macular ganglion cell complex(GCC)thickness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)and discuss the relativity between thickness of GCC and OSA.

METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with OSA whose Apnea-Hypopnea Index ≥5 and fifty healthy people whose Apnea-Hypopnea Index <5 were enrolled in this study. OSA patients were further divided into mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups according to their Apnea-Hypopnea Inde. RTVUE 100-2 optical coherence tomography was used to measure the GCC thickness. The examination included average thickness of GCC(GCC-Avg), superior(GCC-Sup)and inferior thickness of GCC(GCC-Inf), focal loss of volume(FLV)and general loss of volume(GLV). The difference in GCC thickness was analyzed among four groups.

RESULTS: The thickness of GCC of the OSA groups was thinner than that of the normal control group(P<0.05), and FLV in the OSA groups was higher than that in the normal control group(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in FLV between OSA groups(P>0.05). GLV increased in the OSA groups compared with the control group.

CONCLUSION:The macular GCC thickness decreased in OSA patients, and the thickness of GCC decreased with the increase of OSA patients' severity(AHI).

Abstract:AIM: To explore the pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance of acute dacryocystitis, and to provide a guide for rational clinical medication.

METHODS: Lacrimal sac pus samples from 80 acute dacryocystitis cases were collected for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test in Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital from January 2014 to October 2019. The change of detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in different years, the species of pathogenic bacteria of acute dacryocystitis, the main pathogenic bacteria, drug sensitivity and drug resistance of acute dacryocystitis, and the average detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in acute dacryocystitis were analyze.

RESULTS:Totally 56 samples were positive for pathogenic bacteria, including 55 cases of bacteria and 1 case of fungi. The average detection rate was 70%. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria strains was gradually decreasing year by year, and there were various types of pathogenic bacteria strains detected from samples. In addition, Gram-positive cocci was the main pathogenic bacteria of acute dacryocystitis, accounting for 68%(38 cases), of which, staphylococcus aureus accounted for 38%(21 cases). What's more, most Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to rifampin, levofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, and Gram-negative bacilli were more sensitive to tobramycin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. Fifty-five cases of bacterial samples were obviously resistant to the first and second generation cephalosporins.

CONCLUSION: Gram-positive cocci constitute the main pathogenic bacteria of acute dacryocystitis, and levofloxacin can be used as the first choice of topical antibiotics for the treatment of acute dacryocystitis.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate whether under-correction and full correction affect the refractive changes and vision improvement of children with high hyperopia and amblyopia.

METHODS: A total of 49 children(98 eyes)with high hyperopia and amblyopia who received amblyopia treatment for 3a or more in Suining Central Hospital from 2015 to 2019 were collected. According to the differences between the prescription of optician and the results of cycloplegic refractions, the patients were divided into two groups: under correction group 29 cases with 58 eyes(the difference of spherical power ≥1.5D)and full correction group 20 cases with 40 eyes(the difference of spherical power ≤0.25D). Then, repeated measurement analysis of variance method was used to analyze the changes of refractive error and vision of the two groups of children during 3a of treatment.

RESULTS:There was no statistical difference in age, diopter and corrected vision between the two groups at the beginning of diagnosis(P>0.05). The diopter of the two groups decreased gradually during the treatment, and the diopter of the children in the under correction group decreased significantly higher than that in the full correction group(F_time=500.299, P_time<0.01, F_group=6.949, P_group=0.010). The reduction of hyperopia in the under correction group was 1.215±0.262D, and 0.612±0.211D in the full correction group. The hyperopia reduction was significantly higher in the under correction group(t=-12.068, P<0.01). The corrected visual acuity of the two groups increased with the prolongation of treatment time. The improvement of visual acuity in the under correction group was significantly better than that in the full correction group(F_time=1138.526, P_time<0.01, F_group=14.206, P_group<0.01).

CONCLUSION: The hyperopia reduction and vision improvement of children with under correction were better than that with full correction. Suitably under correction of hyperopia can better promote the eye growth and vision improvement of children with high hyperopia and amblyopia.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the relationship between crystalline lens rise(CLR)measured by anterior segment-optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)and parameters of the anterior segment. And also measure the effects of CLR on the vault after phakic posterior chamber implantable collamer lens(PPC-ICL)implantation.

METHODS:The study included 80 eyes of 40 patients who underwent PPC-ICL implantation at the Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, from July 2017 to July 2018, to measure the sulcus-to-sulcus(hSTS)distance of the eyes using a Compact Touch STS ultrasound biomicroscope and lens curvature(LC), Pentacam was used to measure horizontal-white-to-white(hWTW), anterior chamber depth(ACD)and the vault one year after the operation. Moreover, AS-OCT was used to measure the CLR and horizontal iridocorneal angle-to-iridocorneal angle diameter(ATA).

RESULTS:CLR was negatively correlated with ACD(r= -0.706, P<0.01)and vault one year after the operation(r= -0.509, P<0.01); however, it was positively correlated with LC(r=0.667, P<0.01). There was no correlation between CLR and hWTW(r=0.123, P=0.275), ATA(r=0.208, P=0.065)and hSTS(r=0.147, P=0.194). One year after the operation, there was a positive correlation between the vault and ACD(r=0.680, P<0.01).

CONCLUSION:CLR has obvious correlation with ACD and LC, arch height after PPC-ICL and has a specific effect on the prediction of the vault after PPC-ICL implantation.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the clinical effects of capsular sac relaxing surgery(CBRS)on capsular contraction syndrome(CCS).

METHODS: This was a retrospective study, 8 patients(8 eyes)with CCS after cataract phacoemulsification. Eight eyes were treated by CBRS for a second continuous curvilinear capsularrhexis(CCC). Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), diameter of the anterior capsule opening, absolute spherical equivalent and Intraocular astigmatism were observed before and 1wk after operation.

RESULTS: BCVA were significantly improved. The diameter of the anterior capsule opening were increased form(2.53±0.80)mm to(5.19±0.53)mm(P<0.01). The intraocular astigmatism were decreased form(-2.22±0.51)D to(0.44±0.55)D(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: CBRS is an effective method for patients with CCS.