Abstract:AIM: To investigate whether the microgravity environment is related to retinal damage.

METHODS: Hanging-tail mice tests were used to simulate weightlessness. Light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopic examinations of the retinal tissue structure were used to observe morphological changes. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were performed to detect the molecular changes associated with the observations.

RESULT: Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that more dead cells were detected in the ganglion layer and inner nuclear layer cells. TNF-α and caspase-3 protein expression in the retinas of simulated microgravity groups were up-regulated compared with the ground-based control group.

CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that simulated microgravity produced severe pathological damage in the retinas of mice.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the effect of different degrees of traction power on the survival rate of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)and nerve conduction in rats, and to discuss the effect of autophagy level of RGCs on the above parameters.

METHODS: A total of 30 healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into empty group, sham-operation group, 0.15N, 0.3N and 0.6N group, with 6 rats in each group.Modeling group was performed the transverse quantitative traction to make a rat model of optic nerve injury. In addition, rats in empty group were not operated and rats in sham-operation group only got optic nerve exposed. Flash visual evoked potentials(f-VEP)were performed respectively on 1 and 3d after modeling.The survival of retinal ganglion cells was observed by Brn-3a staining at 3d after modeling, autophagy bodies were observed by transmission electron microscope, and the expression level of LC3B II/I protein was detected by Western blotting.

RESULTS: Compared with sham-operation group, the f-VEP P2 peak was significantly delayed and the amplitude reduced at 3d after modeling. In addition, the survival rate of RGCs was decreased, and the expression level of LC3B II/I protein were decreased. Autophagy bodies were observed in the retinal tissue of rats in all groups.

CONCLUSION: Optic nerve traction reduced early retinal autophagy level, death of RGCs and corresponding nerve conduction dysfunction in rats,and different traction caused different degrees of injury. In addition,there was a correlation between the autophagy level and the survival of RGCs.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the role of complement system(CS)and its classical pathway in the pathogenesis of lacrimal gland benign lymphoepithelial lesions(LGBLEL).

METHODS: The tissues of patients with LGBLEL or orbital cavernous hemangioma(CH)were collected. Proteomics analysis was used for the identification of different proteins. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), immunohistochemical staining(IHC)and Western Blotting were employed to verify the changes of the differential proteins in CS signal pathway, in order to identify its role in the pathogenesis of LGBLEL.

RESULTS: The results of proteomic analysis showed that the expression levels of proteins C3, C5, C9 and C1q in CS signal pathway in the lacrimal gland tissues of LGBLEL patients were all changed compared with those of orbital CH patients.The results of RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of C1qA, C5 and C9 in patients with LGBLEL were significantly higher than those patients with orbital CH. The results of IHC showed that the expression levels of C1qA, C3, C5 and C9 were significantly increased in patients with LGBLEL compared with those patients with orbital CH. The results of Western Blotting showed that the protein expression levels of C1qA, C3, and C9 were significantly increased in patients with LGBLEL compared with those patients with orbital CH.

CONCLUSION: The CS has been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of LGBLEL and its classical pathway may be one of the pathways which plays a role.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the visual quality of patients with high myopia and cataract after the implantation of tecnis Symfony intraocular lens(IOL)and tecnis ZMB00 multifocal IOL.

METHODS: A prospective nonrandomized controlled study was conducted on the patients with high myopia and cataract who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from June 2020 to July 2021. According to the selected IOL, the patients were divided into 32 cases(32 eyes)in Symfony group and 31 cases(31 eyes)in ZMB00 group. The patients were followed up for 3mo after operation. Main outcome measures: comparison of spherical equivalent, naked eye and best corrected far vision(5m), middle(80, 60cm)and near(33cm)vision under naked eye, the best corrected far vision at 1 and 3mo after surgery and the defocusing curve, contrast sensitivity, IOL eccentricity and inclination at 3mo after surgery. Secondary outcome measures: residual astigmatism tolerance(90°, 180° axial position, positive and negative cylindrical mirror)and visual quality questionnaire at 3mo after surgery.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the comparison of naked eye, best corrected far vision and spherical equivalent at 1 and 3mo after operation(P>0.05). The middle vision under naked eye and best corrected far vision in Symfony group was better than that in ZMB00 group; Compared with the near vision under the naked eye and the best corrected far vision, the ZMB00 group was higher than that in the Symfony group(all P<0.05); In the span of +1.0- -3.0D, the defocusing curve of Symfony group formed a plateau period of slow decline at 3mo after operation, and the visual acuity was better than 0.3LogMAR. And in the span of -1.0- -2.5D, the Symfony group was better than ZMB00 group(all P<0.05); The defocusing curve of ZMB00 group was bimodal, with peaks at 0 and -3.00D, and it was better than that of Symfony group in the span of -3.0- -3.5D(P<0.05). The contrast sensitivity(CS)of dark environment spatial frequency(3, 6, 12 and 18c/d)in Symfony group was better than that in ZMB00 group(all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IOL eccentricity, inclination and visual quality scores between the two groups at 3mo after operation(P>0.05). Residual astigmatism tolerance showed discomfort at +0.75D and -1.00D in the ZMB00 group and at +1.00D and -1.50D in the Symfony group, and the visual acuity was lower than 0.3LogMAR(all P<0.05). Postoperative discomfort such as glare and halo occurred in both groups to varying degrees, but most of the symptoms adapted or disappeared over time.

CONCLUSION: After cataract surgery for high myopia, both IOL have good capsular bag stability and centricity, and can provide excellent visual quality. With more advantages in middle vision and slightly insufficient performance in near vision, Symfony IOL can provide effective continuous visual range, while ZMB00 IOL is more suitable for those who have high requirements for near vision, and Symfony IOL shows better postoperative residual astigmatism tolerance.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effect of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in the treatment of patients with high myopia complicated with cataract.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted. A total of 42 cataract patients(42 eyes)with high myopia who had undergone phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation from February 2017 to January 2019 were recruited as myopia group. Meanwhile,in a 1:1 ratio, 42 cataract patients(42 eyes)without myopia treated with phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation during the same period were selected as the control group. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of both groups was measured before surgery and at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery. Changes of intraocular pressure(IOP)and central macular thickness(CMT)were measured before surgery and at 3mo after surgery. Changes of anterior segment parameters such as corneal curvature, corneal astigmatism, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle and angle open distance before surgery and at 3mo after surgery were recorded. Changes of corneal endothelial cell counts and hexagonal cell ratios in both groups before surgery and at 3mo after surgery were determined. The incidence of surgical complications in the two groups were statistically analyzed.

RESULTS: There were differences in postoperative BCVA of patients in the two groups at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery(all P<0.001); The CMT, anterior chamber depth, angle open distance and anterior chamber angle of myopia group were larger than those of the control group before surgery and at 3mo after surgery(P<0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference in IOP between the two groups before and after surgery(P>0.05). The posterior supra-nasal corneal curvature of the myopia group at 3mo after surgery was larger than that before surgery(P<0.001), and the posterior center, corneal curvature under the temporal of the control group at 3mo after surgery was larger than that before surgery(P<0.001). The corneal curvature of posterior center and posterior infratemporal in myopia group was lower than that of the control group at 3mo after surgery(all P<0.05). The anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism of the two groups increased at 3mo after surgery(all P<0.001), and posterior retrograde astigmatism of both groups increased at 3mo after surgery(P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between groups(P>0.05). The corneal endothelial cell counts and hexagonal cell ratios in both groups at 3mo after surgery were lower than those in the same group before surgery(P<0.05). Besides, the corneal endothelial cell counts and hexagonal cell ratio in myopia group were lower than those in the control group at 3mo after surgery(all P<0.05); The incidence of surgical complications in the myopia group was higher than that in the control group, but there was no statistical difference between the groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation is beneficial to the visual acuity of patients with high myopia complicated with cataract, but the effect is not as good as that in patients with cataract alone. The postoperative CMT of patients with high myopia complicated with cataract is larger than that of patients without myopia, and there is an increase in the posterior astigmatism. The changes of anterior chamber morphology are more obvious, and corneal endothelial cells aremore severely damaged, but it is relatively safe and reliable.

Abstract:Dry eye is a multifactorial disease, which seriously affect the work and life of patients. Since the pathogenesis of dry eye has not been clarified so far, there is no standard animal model available now. Non-Sjögren syndrome dry eye is one of the main types of dry eye, which requires further research. Studies on dry eye mechanisms have led to the development and improvement of animal models. In this paper, the methods of animal models of non-Sjögren syndrome dry eye, including drug treatments, surgery, exogenous injury, behavioral patterns, changes in diet, are reviewed. In addition,different models are described, the problems are analyzed and perspectives and reflections on future research are offered.

Abstract:As cataract surgery has entered the era of minimally invasive and accurate refractive surgery, higher requirements for perioperative infection control are needed. In recent years, “dropless cataract surgery” has been proposed and is gradually applied in clinical practice. It is based on the combination of different local injection forms in cataract surgery, in which antibiotics and steroids are applied to the operative eye through immediate or sustained release, so that patients do not need to use eye drops throughout the perioperative period.It can not only achieve the purpose of anti-inflammation and anti-infection after surgery, but also reduce the burden of patients, patients' family members and doctors.This article reviews the concept of “dropless cataract surgery”, the combined treatment methods, including combined anterior chamber antibiotic injection, triamcinolone acetonide and moxifloxacin hydrochloride(TriMoxi)and triamcinolone -moxifloxacin and vancomycin(TriMoxiVanc)intravitreal injection, combined dexamethasone lacrimal puncture implantation, continuous or sustained release drug delivery mechanism, as well as its efficacy and safety, with a view to provide a new idea and direction for the prevention of postoperative cataract infection.

Abstract:With complex development process and pathogenesis,age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is a chronic and progressive macular degenerative disease,which is currently the leading cause of blindness in middle-aged and elderly people. Research showed that the choroidal thickness changed significantly in different stages and classifications of ARMD.Since choroid is a vascular structure capable of rapidly changing blood flow, the change in choroidal thickness may be mainly caused by the change in choroidal blood flow. In addition, the abnormal blood perfusion of choroid can further damage the function of the retinal pigment epithelium cells, resulting in hypoxia and ischemia of retinal pigment epithelium, and finally induced ARMD. At present, more and more people are aware of the importance of choroidal thickness changes in the diagnosis and treatment of ARMD. Therefore, this article will review the changes and pathogenesis of choroidal thickness and blood flow in the course or after treatment of ARMD, which may provide new predictor for ARMD onset, and provide new targets for the development of new treatments of ARMD.

Abstract:With the development of refractive cataract surgery,Toric intraocular lens(Toric IOL)has been widely used as a functional IOL in the clinical practice. The implantation of Toric IOL in cataract patients can effectively correct preoperative corneal astigmatism and reduce postoperative residual astigmatism, thus obtaining better uncorrected visual acuity and visual quality. Mild decentration, tilt and rotation of Toric IOL do not cause significant subjective discomfort in patients. However, a certain degree of decentration, tilt and rotation of Toric IOL can increase astigmatism and higher-order aberration, resulting in decreased visual acuity and visual quality. Based on relevant results at home and abroad, this article reviewed the influence of the decentration, tilt and rotation of Toric IOL on visual quality at both basic and clinical levels and discussed the existing problems and prospects.

Abstract:Peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structure(PHOMS)is a new finding in 2018, which is based on the enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT). A PHOMS is peripapillary in location, situated just above the lip of Bruch membrane open(BMO), and it is an ovoid, mass-like homogeneous structure similar to the hyper-reflectiveretinal nerve fiber layer. Although previously assumed to represent a form of buried optic disc drusen(ODD), the prevailing view is that PHOMS is the bulge of the axons of optic nerve fibers and a marker of axoplasmic stasis in the optic nerve fibers. This article describes the reasons for the concept of PHOMS, identifies its relationship with ODD, and discusses the possible histopathological mechanisms. In addition, we detail the differences between PHOMS on fundus multimodal images and other imaging features and explore the clinical manifestations and possible pathophysiological mechanisms of PHOMS in different diseases, which are important for a better understanding of neuro-ophthalmic related diseases such as myopic optic neuropathy and optic neuritis. Furthermore, we propose possible future research directions for PHOMS to gain new insights into PHOMS and its related diseases.

Abstract:Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the many complications of diabetes and one of the major causes of blindness in middle-aged and elderly people in the world. Early detection and treatment can effectively reduce the blindness rate. In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence(AI)in ophthalmology has been expanding, and its research in DR screening and diagnosis has become a new hotspot. This paper aims to summarize the research progress of AI in the field of DR screening and diagnosis in recent years, raise questions, and set a course for the future. Additional information related to the further application and promotion of AI in this field is also provided.

Abstract:Eyelid basal cell carcinoma(BCC)is the most common eyelid malignant tumor. Although eyelid BCC exhibits a relatively low malignancy and metastatic ability, its incidence is rising annually, and extensive attention has been received from clinicians. Currently, surgery is still the first-line treatment, but surgery for locally advanced eyelid BCC may lead to disfigurement and loss of eye function, so new treatment options are still needed. Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of eyelid BCC is associated with the abnormal expression of multiple signaling pathways, especially the Hedgehog and WNT signaling pathways. Their activation plays an important role in eyelid BCC, and these two pathways can also interact with each other to jointly mediate the development of eyelid BCC. Although targeted inhibitors targeting related signaling pathways have begun to be applied in the clinical treatment of eyelid BCC in recent years, disease recurrence, drug resistance and adverse reactions are still common after medication. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new inhibitors targeting different signaling pathways. Therefore, this paper reviews the recent progress on Hedgehog and WNT signaling pathways in eyelid BCC, aiming to provide important scientific basis for finding key targets for eyelid BCC therapy.

Abstract:According to epidemiological surveys, the incidence of myopia among Chinese children and adolescents has risen by over 53.6%. Myopia has emerged as the leading cause of vision loss among adolescents. The mental health of students suffers from vision impairment, which has an adverse ripple effect on their ability to learn and grow, and even their physical development. Based on the observation of significant differences in mental health between myopic people and normal people, scholars at home and abroad have used various psychological scales to evaluate the association between myopia and mental health issues, including anxiety and depression, as well as personality traits such as emotionalization and introversion. This article reviews the effect of myopia on adolescent mental health and the research progress on its research methods and prevention strategies.

Abstract:The fundus changes in high myopia are highly associated with retinal and choroidal microvasculature alterations. As an emerging non-invasive screening technology,optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)can measure the retinal tissue morphology as well as vessel network in vivo.The retinal and choroidal blood flow are quantified by automatic stratification and quantification technology of OCTA, which have provided great benefits for early detection of the lesions in fundus structures of a myopic eye and monitoring the occurrence and progression of myopic fundus diseases. In this review, the OCTA changes in retinal structure and blood flow are outlined, and the influences on the macular microstructure and blood flow after cataract surgery in patients with myopia are summarized. Comprehensive and in-depth understanding of macular microvasculature in myopic eyes can assist ophthalmologists to predict and monitor the underlying microvascular changes of myopia after cataract surgery.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the application of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)in diabetic patients without retinopathy(NDR)by Meta-analysis.

METHODS: CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to October 2021. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included studies using the NOS scale. Meta-analysis and publication bias evaluation was performed using RevMan 5.3 and STATA, and sensitivity analysis was performed for results with large heterogeneity to ensure the accuracy of the results.

RESULTS: A total of 44 studies, including 2 053 patients(2 600 eyes)with NDR and 1 775 healthy control patients(2 117 eyes), were included. The Meta-analysis was performed on 17 indexes including the area and perimeters of the foveal avascular zone(FAZ), the vascular density(VD)of FAZ-300um(FD300), acircularity index(AI), VD of macular area, ganglion cell complex(GCC)thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness. Meta-analysis results showed that the area and perimeter of FAZ in superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP)in the NDR group were higher than those of healthy control patients, and FD300, VD of macular area and RNFL thickness were all lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05); The AI values in the NDR group were slightly higher than those in the normal control group, and the GCC thickness and VD of peri-optic papillary were lower than those in the control group, but there was no differences between the groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the healthy control group, NDR patients had increased FAZ area and perimetry, decreased VD of macular area and RNFL thickness and early retinal microvascular damage and neurodegenerative lesions. OCTA could be used as an auxiliary tool for early diagnosis of DR.

Abstract:AIM: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of olopatadine combined with pranoprofen in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

METHODS: Using “olopatadine eye drops”, “pranoprofen eye drops” and “allergic conjunctivitis” as keywords, the controlled clinical trials of olopatadine combined with pranoprofen in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis were searched from Embase, Cochrane library, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database, with an retrieval time from the establishment of the database to January 1, 2022; The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies, and the Egger's test was performed for publication bias of the included literatures. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3.

RESULTS: A total of 24 eligible Chinese literatures were included, with 2 443 patients(2 547 eyes)in total. The test group was administrated olopatadine combined with pranoprofen, and the control group was treated with olopatadine monotherapy; The results of Meta-analysis showed that the clinical efficiency of the test group was better than that of the control group(OR=4.42, 95%CI:3.37-5.80,P<0.00001); There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the test group and the control group(OR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.45-1.75, P=0.73); Egger's test was conducted on the clinical efficiency and the incidence of adverse reactions, which showed that there was publication bias in the clinical efficiency, but the existed publication bias did not affected results through trim and fill method.

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of olopatadine with pranoprofen may improve the clinical efficacy of allergic conjunctivitis. In the future, multicentered, randomized, double-blind studies can be conducted to improve the strength of the evidence.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the efficacy of different dosage regimens of ranibizumab in the treatment of choroid neovascularization secondary to pathological myopia(PM-CNV), and to explore the related factors affecting retreatment.

METHODS: The medical records of 42 patients(43 eyes)diagnosed with PM-CNV in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2020 and treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab were retrospectively analyzed. According to different dosage regimens, they were divided into group A(3+PRN, 22 cases with 22 eyes)and group B(1+PRN, 20 cases with 21 eyes). Followed up for 12mo, the changes of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT)and choroidal neovascularization(CNV)were observed and compared between the two groups. The times of intravitreal injection, retreatment rate and recurrence rate after initial treatment were compared between the two groups, and the related factors affecting retreatment were analyzed.

RESULTS: At 1,3,6 and 12mo, the BCVA(LogMAR), CMT and CNV thickness in the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment(P<0.05). During the 12mo follow-up, the times of intravitreal injection in group A and group B were 3(3, 4)and 2(1, 3), respectively(P<0.001), and the times of reinjection after the initial treatment were 0(0, 1)and 1(0, 2), respectively(P=0.061). There was no difference in retreatment rate(32% vs 57%)and recurrence rate(14% vs 29%)between the two groups(P=0.095, 0.281). In addition, 1+PRN treatment regimen, female, baseline CMT>300μm and baseline CNV area >1.0mm² were all related factors affecting retreatment.

CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab 1+PRN and 3+PRN can both effectively improve the visual prognosis and anatomical structure of PM-CNV patients, but the 1+PRN treatment has less injection times than the 3+PRN treatment, which reduces the risk and cost of treatment.

Abstract:AIM: To explore that double steep axial transparent corneal incision can effectively minimize corneal astigmatism and high-order aberration(HOA)in cataract patients with moderate to low degree corneal astigmatism, as well as improve postoperative visual quality.

METHODS: A total of 60 cataract patients diagnosed with moderate to low corneal astigmatism in our hospital from October 2020 to July 2021 were randomly divided into group A(normal 135° incision, 30 cases)and group B(double steep axial transparent corneal incision, 30 cases). The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), astigmatism, astigmatism vector decomposition, polar keratometry(Polar K), second-order astigmatism, spherical, coma and trefoil aberration within 3mm of the central pupil were compared at 1 and 3mo before and after surgery.

RESULTS: UCVA of group A and group B at 1 and 3mo after surgery was significantly higher than that before surgery(P<0.05). The mean UCVA of group B was higher than that of group A at 1 and 3mo after surgery, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The corneal astigmatism of group A at 1 and 3mo postoperative were not significantly different from that before surgery(P>0.05).The mean corneal astigmatism of group B was 0.66±0.13 and 0.61±0.12D at 1 and 3mo after surgery, respectively, which was significantly lower than the preoperative value of 1.38±0.24D(P<0.05). In group B, there was no significant change in CJ0/CJ45 at 1 and 3mo after surgery(P>0.05). In group A, CJ0/CJ45 were both significantly different from those at 1 and 3mo before surgery(P<0.05).The polar astigmatism values of group B at 1 and 3mo after surgery were lower than those before surgery(P<0.05), while they were increased in the group A at 1 and 3mo after surgery(P<0.05). HOA of both group A and B at 3mo after surgery was lower than that before surgery(P<0.05). The mean HOA of group B was lower than that of group A at 3mo after surgery, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The coma aberration of group B at 3mo after surgery was lower than that before surgery and group A.

CONCLUSION: For cataract patients with moderate to low corneal astigmatism, there was no significant difference in postoperative UCVA and HOA between double steep axial transparent corneal incision and normal incision. However, compared with normal incision, double steep axial transparent corneal incision can improve postoperative visual quality by effectively reducing corneal astigmatism and coma aberration.

Abstract:AIM: To quantitatively analyze the changes of retinal microcirculation in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH)syndrome who have delivered after more than 6mo by using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).

METHODS: In this study, a total of 19 females with PIH, 23 healthy pregnant women and 19 control non pregnant women(CNPW)were recruited. Ocular examinations including diopter, best corrected visual acuity and axial length were measured, respectively. OCTA was used to measure the optic nerve head and macular blood flow parameters, nerve fiber layer and choroidal thickness of the three groups. The data of pregnant patients were collected more than 6mo after delivery. All statistical analyses were performed in the SPSS20.0, and single factor analysis of variance was used to analyze inter-group differences of retinal microcirculation related parameters among the three groups.

RESULTS: Foveal avascular zone(FAZ)of the PIH group was significantly larger than that of the HPW and CNPW groups(all P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in macular superficial capillary plexus vessel density among the three groups. The superficial capillary plexus vessel density of each region of the optic nerve head in the PIH group, among which the entire 6mm layer, outer layer, lower lateral layer and lateral nasal, was higher than that in the HPW and CNPW groups. There was no statistical difference in the average thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer among the three groups, but the thickness of temporal retinal nerve fiber layer of PIH group was significantly thinner than that of HPW and CNPW group(all P<0.05). The central foveal thickness of PIH group was significantly thinner than that of HPW group and CNPW group(all P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in central choroid thickness among the three groups.

CONCLUSION: Differences were founded in partial retinal superficial capillary plexus vessel density, central foveal thickness and temporal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in postpartum patients with PIH compared with HPW and CNPW groups, suggesting that the effect of PIH on retinal microcirculation may still exists after delivery.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)and cystatin C(CysC)levels with diabetic retinopathy(DR).

METHODS: A prospective study.A total of 53 non-DR patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM; T2DM group)and 83 patients with DR admitted to the hospital between May 2019 and May 2021 were enrolled. In DR patients, there were 47 cases with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)in NPDR group and 36 cases with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)in PDR group. A total of 48 healthy people in physical examination center during the same period were enrolled as control group. The serological indexes of all subjects were compared. SUA level was detected by urate oxidase method. The level of serum CysC was detected by immunoturbidimetry. The correlation between serum SUA, CysC and the other serological indexes was analyzed by Spearman. The influencing factors of serum SUA and CysC were analyzed by multivariate linear stepwise regression method. The predictive efficiency of serum SUA and CysC for DR was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.

RESULTS: The body mass index(BMI)and systolic blood pressure(SBP)in T2DM, NPDR and PDR group were significantly higher than those in control group(all P<0.05). SBP in PDR group was significantly higher than that in T2DM and NPDR group(all P<0.05). The course of diabetes mellitus in NPDR and PDR group was significantly longer than that in T2DM group(all P<0.05), and it was significantly higher in PDR group than in NPDR group(P<0.05). The levels of fasting plasma glucose(FPG), hemoglobin Alc(HbA1c), SUA and CysC in control group, T2DM group, NPDR group and PDR group were gradually increased(all P<0.001). The levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and triglyceride(TG)in PDR group were significantly higher than those in control group(all P<0.05), while level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05). The levels of serum SUA were positively correlated with FPG, HbA1c, total cholesterol(TC)and TG levels(r_s=0.564, 0.631, 0.513, 0.408, P<0.001), but they were not correlated with HDL-C or LDL-C(r_s=-0.061, 0.035, P>0.05). The levels of serum CysC were positively correlated with FPG, HbA1c, TC and TG levels(r_s=0.524, 0.692, 0.395, 0.435, P<0.001), but they were not correlated with HDL-C or LDL-C(r_s=-0.012, 0.049, P>0.05). FPG, HbA1c, TC and TG were influencing factors of serum SUA and CysC levels(P<0.001). The area under the curve(AUC)in the combined detection of SUA and CysC(0.892, 95%CI: 0.840-0.944, sensitivity:71.1%, specificity: 94.3%), was significantly greater than that of AUC \〖SUA(0.807, 95%CI: 0.735-0.879, sensitivity: 69.9%, specificity: 75.5%)and CysC(0.763, 95%CI: 0.684-0.841, sensitivity: 69.9%, specificity: 75.5%)\〗 alone(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The levels of serum SUA and CysC gradually increase with the aggravation of DR. The combined detection of serum SUA and CysC can improve the diagnostic and predictive efficiency for DR.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the expression levels of long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3(lncRNA MEG3)and Micro RNA-138(miR-138)in serum of patients with wet age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)hemorrhage and their relationship with the prognosis of patients.

METHODS: A prospective study. A total of 90 patients with wet ARMD hemorrhage admitted from January 2018 to June 2021 were selected as the observation group, and 78 people who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression levels of serum lncRNA MEG3 and miR-138 in all subjects. Patients in the observation group were injected with Ranibizumab for treatment once a month, for a total of 3 times. The observation group was followed up for 3mo after treatment, and the patients were divided into good prognosis and poor prognosis group.The levels of lncRNA MEG3 and miR-138 were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between lncRNA MEG3 and miR-138. The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to analyze the value of judging the poor prognosis of patients with wet ARMD hemorrhage. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the poor prognosis of patients with wet ARMD hemorrhage.

RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the level of serum lncRNA MEG3 in the observation group decreased(1.13±0.37 vs 0.71±0.21), and the miR-138 level increased(1.05±0.29 vs 2.23±0.54; all P<0.05). The level of serum lncRNA MEG3 of patients with wet ARMD hemorrhage in the good prognosis group was significantly higher than that in the poor prognosis group(0.81±0.24 vs 0.49±0.14), while the level of miR-138 was significantly lower than that in the poor prognosis group(1.92±0.49 vs 2.87±0.63; all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis results showed that lncRNA MEG3 was negatively correlated with miR-138(r=-0.381, P<0.05). The ROC curve results showed that the AUC of serum lncRNA MEG3 and miR-138 expression levels for the poor prognosis of patients with wet ARMD hemorrhage was 0.859 and 0.828, respectively, the cut-off value was 0.635 and 2.455, respectively, the sensitivity was 89.70% and 75.90%, respectively, and the specificity was 72.10% and 82.00%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that lncRNA MEG3 was a protective factor for poor prognosis of patients with wet ARMD hemorrhage, while miR-138 was a risk factor(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Serum lncRNA MEG3 and miR-138 are abnormally expressed in patients with wet ARMD hemorrhage, and they have a certain value in evaluating the poor prognosis of patients with wet ARMD hemorrhage.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of different methods for moderate to severe meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)related dry eye.

METHODS: The clinical data of 72 patients(144 eyes)with MGD related dry eye treated from March 2020 to September 2021 in the ophthalmology clinic of Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into moderate group(1/3RESULTS: Compared with pre-treatment, the OSDI scores of patients in group A and group B were significantly decreased at 1mo after treatment, and the results of NIBUTav and R-scan analysis were significantly improved(P<0.001), while the NITMH had no significant change(P>0.05). In the moderate group, the OSDI scores of group A and group B were significantly decreased, and the results of NIBUTav and R-scan analysis were significantly improved(P<0.01), while NITMH had no significant change(P>0.05). In the severe group, NIBUTav of the patients in group A improved significantly(P<0.001), while there was no significant change in other observation parameters(P>0.05), while the OSDI scores of the patients in group B were significantly decreased. And the results of NIBUTav and R-scan analysis were significantly improved(P<0.001), but there was no significant change in NITMH(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Both therapies were effective for moderate meibomian gland dysfunction related dry eye, while severe meibomian gland dysfunction related dry eye should be treated with fumigation massage of meibomian gland combined with intense pulsed light.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the curative effect of 25G vitrectomy combined with different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)drugs on patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).

METHODS: PDR patients admitted to the hospital between July 2018 and July 2020 were enrolled as the research subjects, and they all underwent 25G vitrectomy and were administrated anti-VEGF drugs at 7d before surgery. They were divided into ranibizumab group(31 cases, 31 eyes), conbercept group(30 cases, 30 eyes)and aflibercept group(29 cases, 29 eyes)according to different treatment. The aqueous humor was collected before intravitreal injection and during vitrectomy to detect levels of VEGF and pigment epithelial-derived factor(PEDF). The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and central macular thickness(CMT)were detected before surgery and at 3 and 6mo after surgery.

RESULTS: After intravitreal injection, level of VEGF in aqueous humor was significantly decreased in all groups(P<0.05), while PEDF level was increased in all groups(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among the three groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in operation time, the occurrence of intraoperative hemorrhage and iatrogenic retinal breaks among the three groups(P>0.05).BCVA among the three groups at 3 and 6mo after surgery was significantly better than that before surgery(P<0.05), and CMT was significantly thinner than that before surgery(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among the three groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs before vitrectomy in PDR patients can reduce the expressions of vascular-related factors in aqueous humor. The clinical effect and safety of vitrectomy combined with ranibizumab, conbercept and aflibercept, respectively, are comparable in the treatment of PDR.

Abstract:The“14th Five-Year” National Eye Health Plan has been released and national eye health has risen as a national strategy. Cataract is the primary blinding eye disease in our country, which seriously affects the national eye health. Shaanxi Province, an old revolutionary base area in the western of China, has a relative lower socioeconomic level and about millions of people need to undergo cataract surgery. In 1996, multi-cooperation built the mobile ophthalmic operation vehicle — “Fuming No.1” to contribute the poverty alleviation initiative in Shaanxi Province. In the past 25a, “Fuming No.1” has taken the advantage of the convenience of mobile operation vehicles, implementing operations in rural, mountainous and old areas with weak medical services in Shaanxi Province. A total of more than 480 trips have been made, with a total mileage of more than 200 000 kilometers,covering 104 counties and districts in the province, and nearly 60 000 cases of cataract operations have been completed. “Fuming No.1” bring the light, relieve the pain for cataract patients and help them better fit the world. Furthermore, “Fuming No.1” also offers free operation and intraocular lens for more than 30 000 poor rural patients and reduces medical expenses by nearly 10 million yuan, which has obtained high praise and support from the patients and all walks of life. In addition, “Fuming No.1” is also a mobile training vehicle, which could improve the operation skills of ophthalmologists. In the process of teaching and training, the operations had also been completed with high quality. In view of the unbalanced economic development in our country, “Fuming No.1” will expand service projects, innovate work models, and continue to construct eye healthy in Shaanxi province, making greater contributions to consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the distribution of pathogenic bacterial genera in patients with fungal keratitis and to analyze the main factors affecting its clinical outcome.

METHODS: A prospective study was conducted. A total of 102 patients with fungal keratitis treated in our hospital from March 2018 to March 2021 were included in the study. They were treated with combined antifungal drugs therapy first, and surgery was performed if the drug treatment was ineffective. The distribution of the pathogenic bacteria genera and the surgical rate of patients with different pathogenic bacteria were analyzed through fungus culture before treatment, and patients were divided into cured(76 cases)and not cured(26 cases)groups according to their clinical outcome. The main factors affecting the clinical outcome of fungal keratitis were explored.

RESULTS: Among the 102 patients included, 74 patients(72.5%)had positive fungal test results, and 13 patients(12.7%)were treated by surgery due to the ineffective drug therapy. There were significant differences in the surgical conversion rate of patients affected by different pathogenic bacteria genera(P<0.05). The conversion rate of patients with Fusarium was significantly higher than that of other pathogenic bacteria. Compared with not cured group, cured group had shorter course of disease, less ulcer area, infiltration depth and hypopyon. Most of them lived in cities and towns, and most of the pathogenic bacteria were fungi other than Fusarium(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of disease, ulcer area, infiltration depth, hypopyon, pathogenic bacteria and residence were the risk factors affecting clinical outcome(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The main pathogenic bacteria of fungal keratitis are Fusarium, Aspergillus, etc. The drug treatment effect of Fusarium is worse. The course of disease, ulcer area, infiltration depth, hypopyon, pathogenic bacteria and residence can affect the clinical outcome of fungal keratitis.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of ab-externo microcatheter-assisted trabeculotomy(MAT)in moderate and advanced primary congenital glaucoma(PCG).

METHODS: A retrospective study. A total of 20 children(22 eyes)with PCG who were admitted to Xi'an Fourth Hospital from August 2018 to November 2019 underwent ab-externo MAT. The follow-up is 12mo. The intraocular pressure(IOP), numbers of IOP-lowering drugs, corneal diameter, the cup/disk ratio(C/D ratio)of optic nerve and postoperative complications were observed.

RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP was 33.4±9.1mmHg, while it was 14.4±5.2mmHg at the last follow-up(P<0.001).The median of IOP-lowering drugs used before surgery was 2(2, 4), and it was 0(0, 2)at 12mo after surgery(P<0.001). The preoperative corneal diameter was 13.34±0.89mm, and it was 13.27±0.78mm at 12mo after surgery(P>0.05). The preoperative C/D ratio of optic nerve was 0.85±0.17, and it was 0.84±0.16 at 12mo after surgery(P>0.05). There were no severe complications occurred in all patients.

CONCLUSION: Ab-externo MAT is effective and safe in the treatment of moderate and advanced PCG.

Abstract:AIM:To observe the efficacy and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone implant(IDI)in the treatment of intractable macular edema in non-infectious uveitis(NIU).

METHODS: A total of 25 cases(30 eyes)of NIU patients diagnosed in the Department of Ophthalmology, Xinjiang Military District General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army from April 2018 to June 2020 were selected and all were treated with vitreous cavity injection IDI to observe the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT), vitreous opacities score and complications before and after treatment.

RESULTS: The BCVA(LogMAR)of the included patients was 0.76±0.37, CMT was 480.03±96.72 μm, and vitreous opacities score was 3.06±0.78 before the first vitreous cavity injection of IDI; After treatment at 1, 3, and 6mo, BCVA was 0.61±0.24, 0.53±0.10, and 0.40±0.13, respectively, which was significantly better than that before treatment(P<0.05), CMT was 324.54±79.88, 245.16±67.87, and 185.52±36.05μm, respectively, which was significantly lower than that before treatment(P<0.05), and vitreous opacity score was 2.31±0.64, 1.37±0.76, and 0.82±0.42, respectively, which was all significantly lower than that before treatment(P<0.05). The mean follow-up was 8.2±2.1mo, with elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)in 6 eyes, which was in the normal range at the last follow-up after IOP-lowering treatment; IDI was repeatedly injected in the vitreous cavity of 3 eyes; No complications such as infectious endophthalmitis occurred in all patients.

CONCLUSION: The vitreous cavity injection of IDI has good safety and effectiveness in treating intractable macular edema secondary to NIU, which can effectively reduce CMT, reduce vitreous inflammation and improve visual acuity.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the expression of systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and their value in patients with retinal vein occlusion(RVO).

METHODS: A total of 57 patients with CRVO,88 patients with BRVO and 89 normal subjects were recruited in Dalian No.3 People's Hospital from August 2019 to August 2021. Blood cell counts and SII,NLR,and PLR levels were compared. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to determine the predictive value of SII in the occurrence of RVO.

RESULTS:Neutrophil,white blood cell counts, NLR and SII were higher in the CRVO and BRVO groups than in the control group, and there was a significant difference(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The SII value of RVO patients was significantly different from normal subjects,and SII may be a potential clinical evaluation index for RVO diagnosis or disease progression monitoring.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the effects and postoperative recovery of pterygium resection respectively combined with dry and hydrated amniotic membrane transplantation in the treatment of primary pterygium.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 120 patients(137 eyes)with primary pterygium who were treated in our hospital from May to October 2020. The subjects were divided into two groups according to different treatments. The 60 patients of group A(67 eyes)were treated with pterygium resection combined with dry amniotic membrane transplantation, while the 60 patients of group B(70 eyes)were treated with pterygium resection combined with hydrated amniotic membrane transplantation. Comparison was made between the two groups in terms of the changes in Schirmer test I(SⅠt), tear film break-up time(BUT)and vision before and after operation.Moreover, the postoperative pain score, regression time of ocular hyperemia and edema, wound healing time, complications and recurrence rate were compared.

RESULTS: SⅠt in the two groups showed no significant difference before and after operation(P>0.05). BUT of the two groups showed no significant difference before operation and on 7d after operation(P>0.05). BUT of group B was significantly longer than that of group A on 30 and 90d after operation(all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in pain score between the two groups after operation(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the uncorrected visual acuity and the best corrected visual acuity before operation and on 30d after operation(P>0.05). The UCVA of the two groups was significantly improved on 30d after operation(P<0.001). The regression time of ocular hyperemia and edema and wound healing time in group B were significantly shorter than those in group A(P<0.05). The total incidence of complications during 1a of follow-up showed no significant difference between the two groups(11.9% vs 8.6%, P>0.05), but the recurrence rate in group B was significantly lower than that in group A(2.9% vs 13.4%, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Pterygium resection combined with hydrated amniotic membrane transplantation is more effective than pterygium resection combined with dry amniotic membrane transplantation in the treatment of primary pterygium. Meanwhile, the patients heal faster after surgery, and the recurrence rate is lower.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the efficacy of a new self-crosslinking sodium hyaluronate(Qianchuangfu)on the healing and epithelization at the ostium of dacryocyst flap and nasal mucosal flap after endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy(EE-DCR), so as to improve the curative effect of EE-DCR.

METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled study. A total of 135 patients(146 eyes)diagnosed as chronic dacryocystitis from May 2020 to April 2021 in our hospital were enrolled. All patients underwent EE-DCR. According to the principle of double-blind random sampling, they were divided into three groups before surgery. Group A: Qianchuangfu was used to filling the ostium at the end of surgery. Group B: Tobramycin and Dexamethasone eye ointment was used to filling the ostium at the end of surgery.Group C:blank control group. All patients were followed up to 3mo after surgery.

RESULTS: Excluding 7 patients(8 eyes)with incomplete follow-up data, 128 patients(138 eyes)were included in the comparative analysis, including 47 eyes in group A, 45 eyes in group B and 46 eyes in group C. The ostium epithelization in group A was significantly better than that in group B and group C at 1, 2wk and 1mo after surgery(all P<0.017). At 3mo after surgery, the success rate of group A, group B and group C was 95.7%(45/47), 82.2%(37/45)and 73.9%(34/46), respectively. The curative efficacy of group A were significantly higher than that of group B and group C(all P<0.017).

CONCLUSION: Ostium filling with Qianchuangfu at the end of EE-DCR can effectively promote wound healing and epithelization around the ostium,so as to improve the efficacy of EE-DCR in the treatment of patients with chronic dacryocystitis.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the changes of ocular physiological and functional parameters and the recovery time after close eye use in young people.

METHODS: A prospective study. A total of 69 patients(138 eyes)who underwent medical optometry in our hospital from December 2019 to June 2020 were randomly selected. According to the results of subjective optometry, they were divided into the emmetropia group(+0.75D≤ spherical equivalent ≤-0.50D, with 36 eyes of 18 cases), the low-degree myopia group(-0.75D≤spherical equivalent ≤-3.00D,with 50 eyes of 25 cases)and moderate myopia group(-3.25D ≤ spherical equivalent ≤-6.00D, with 52 eyes of 26 cases). All subjects overlooked for 20min after reading at a close distance for 20min. The physiological parameters \〖anterior chamber depth(ACD), axial length(AL)\〗 and functional parameters \〖positive relative accommodation(PRA), cross cylinder(BCC)\〗 of the eyes were measured before close visual work, 20min after close visual work, and 5, 10, 15, and 20min after overlook, respectively. The time to reach the pole and the recovery time of each parameter were analyzed.

RESULTS: After close visual work, the AL became longer, the ACD became shallower, and the absolute value of PRA became larger. There was no significant change in BCC. AL of 75%(52/69)of subjects reached the pole after 20min of close visual work, and ACD of 87%(60/69)of subjects reached the pole after 5min of overlooking. In 96%(66/69)of the subjects, PRA reached the pole after 20min of close visual work, and the parameters above gradually returned to the initial state after 10min of overlooking.

CONCLUSION: The ocular parameters changed after close visual work, of which the AL became longer, the ACD became shallower, and the absolute value of PRA increased. However, all of them gradually retreated during the process of overlooking, and all the parameters needed more than 10min to recover to the initial state.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the difference, correlation and consistency of the new anterior segment coherence tomography CASIA2 and PentacamHR in measuring apex corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, corneal thinnest point position and anterior chamber depth.

METHODS: A prospective study. A total of 40 myopic patients(80 eyes)who received refractive surgery were enrolled from the March 2021 to April 2021 in Hefei Aier Eye Hospital. CASIA2 and PentacamHR were used respectively to measure apex corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, position of thinnest corneal point and depth of anterior chamber. The paired t-test was used to compare the differences of the parameters. Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman 95% consistency limit method were used to measure the correlation and consistency of the two instruments.

RESULTS: The corneal apex thickness and the thinnest corneal thickness measured by CASIA2 were smaller than those measured by PentacamHR(all P<0.001), but the consistency limit was narrow(-26.6-11.6, -29.53-13.51μm). There was no significant difference between the results of anterior chamber depth measured by CASIA2 and PentacamHR(t=1.634,P=0.106). The results of the position distribution of the thinnest point measured by the two instruments showed good consistency(right eye:Z=0.000, P>0.999; left eye:Z=0.149,P=0.882), and there was no significant difference in the X-axis displacement and Y-axis displacement of the thinnest point, and the distance between the thinnest point and the corneal apex(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:The apex corneal thickness, the thinnest corneal thickness, the position of the thinnest corneal point and the anterior chamber depth measured by the CASIA2 and PentacamHR are in good consistency. However, in clinical work, the slight differences between the parameters of the two instruments should be taken into consideration, and it is not recommended to replace them directly.Moreover, the extremely high scanning speed of CASIA2 makes it more advantageous than PentacamHR in clinical application.

Abstract:AIM: To compare and observe the characteristics of choroidal neovascularization(CNV)and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV)in indocyanine green angiography(ICGA)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),and to discuss their differences and pros and cons.

METHOD: The imaging data of 26 CNV patients(34 eyes)and 19 PCV patients(19 eyes)diagnosed at Hebei Eye Hospital from September 2018 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 20 cases(28 eyes)of wet age-related macular degeneration(w-ARMD)in CNV patients and 6 cases(6 eyes)of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(CCSC)secondary to CNV. All patients underwent OCTA, fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)+ICGA, analyzing the characteristic changes of lesions.

RESULT: OCTA examination of w-ARMD patients(28 eyes)showed that, except for 2 eyes where no obvious abnormality was seen due to severe bleeding, the morphology of CNV can be seen in the remaining 26 eyes in a clear, three-dimensional way, and even the anatomical level where CNV was located could be found. Among them, 11 eyes examined by OCTA can not only show the morphology, size and affected area of CNV, but also can better distinguish the nourishing vessels, new vessels and anastomotic branches. CNV morphology not detected by FFA+ICGA was found by OCTA in 6 eyes of patients with CCSC secondary to CNV. A clearer vision of abnormal choroidal branching vascular network(BVN)can be found clearer by OCTA than ICGA in 19 eyes of PCV patients, but OCTA cannot show the number of terminal saccular dilatations(polyps)as clearly as ICGA.

CONCLUSION: The positive rate of CNV detected by OCTA is higher than that of ICGA. The lesions range of CNV and PCV detected by OCTA is clearer and more stereoscopic than that of ICGA.But it cannot show all terminal saccular dilatations in PCV patients, and it cannot be used to monitor the leakage of CNV or PCV and lesion progression. So it is less effective than FFA+ICGA in this aspect. As a non-invasive examination, OCTA can be used in the follow-up to observe the changes in lesions before and after CNV or PCV treatment.

Abstract:AIM: To summarize and analyze the results of neonatal eye screening using digital wide-area fundus imaging system(RetCam3)in general hospital, and to provide references for the prevention and treatment of neonatal eye diseases.

METHODS: There were 7 239 newborns subjected to eye examinations in Zhongshan City People's Hospital from December 2018 to December 2021, and RetCam3 was used to obtain eye screening images. Newborns with abnormal screening results were treated and followed up accordingly.

RESULTS: Among 7 239 newborns, 1 200(16.58%)newborns were diagnosed with abnormal eyes, including 7 cases of anterior segment abnormalities and 1 193 cases of fundus abnormalities. Among 7 cases of anterior segment abnormalities, 2 cases were congenital cataract, 2 cases were pupillary residual membrane, and 3 cases were corneal leukoplakia. Among 1 193 cases of fundus abnormalities, 1 141 cases were retinal hemorrhage(RH), and 19 cases were retinopathy of prematurity(ROP). In addition, there were 6 cases of ROP-like in term infants.

CONCLUSION: Neonatal ocular abnormalities mainly develop in the posterior segment of the eye. Neonatal eye disease screening in general hospitals is beneficial to early detection and treatment of neonatal ocular diseases.