Volume 25,2025 Issue 9

专家述评与指南

• Guidelines for visual cognitive rehabilitation of visual information processing disorders(2025)

  Shao Yi, Zhang Cong, Zhang Chunnan

  2025,25(9):1381-1391 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.01

  Abstract: (85) HTML (0) PDF (1.01 MKB)(72)

  Abstract:

  Visual information-processing disorder(VIPD)is a disorder of visual information-processing process caused by various factors, which is manifested by different degrees of reduction or loss of visuospatial ability, visual analytical ability, and visual-motor integration ability, which interferes with the normal visual cognitive and behavioral performance of individuals and causes many dysfunctions in daily life, schooling, and occupational settings. As a complex disorder, VIPD involves impaired visuospatial, analytical, and motor integration abilities, which seriously affects patients' lives, studies, and work. The causes of VIPD are diverse, including developmental abnormalities, craniocerebral trauma, ocular diseases and surgery,etc., and span multiple disciplines such as ophthalmology, pediatrics, neurology, rehabilitation, etc., which has become an urgent challenge in clinical diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation practice. Currently, despite the increasing international attention to this disorder, there are still many deficiencies in its diagnosis and treatment in China. Medical workers have limited knowledge of the disorder, diagnostic methods lack standardization, and rehabilitation methods vary. In view of this, this guideline is compiled on the basis of European and American experience, combined with local research and practice, and developed under the auspices of the Optometry Branch of China Association of Ethnic Medicine, International Association of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology Committee of International Association of Intelligent Medicine, Ophthalmic Imaging and Intelligent Medicine Branch of China Medical Education Association, Optometry Association of Fujian Province, with the aim of providing clinicians with comprehensive, systematic, and operational guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of VIPD and its rehabilitation, upgrading the level of diagnosis and treatment, and promoting multidisciplinary collaboration, so as to improve the patients' visual function and quality of life.

Articles in English

• Changes of corneal endothelial cells and nuclear density in cataract patients with type 2 diabetes

  Liu Yueqi, Liu Gaoqin, Chen Zhigang, Han Xue, Lu Peirong

  2025,25(9):1392-1398 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.02

  Abstract: (37) HTML (0) PDF (659.68 KKB)(34)

  Abstract:

  AIM:To investigate the characteristics of corneal endothelial cells(CEC)and nuclear density(ND)in cataract patients with type 2 diabetes and to assess the impact of blood glucose related indicators.

  METHODS: A total of 187 cases(187 eyes)that underwent cataract surgery at our hospital from July 2023 to July 2024 were enrolled. CEC were measured using a non-contact specular microscope. ND was measured through IOLMaster 700. A total of 187 participants were further stratified based on glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)and fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels. Correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were used to elucidate the association between diabetic status and ocular parameters. We measured the concentrations of ascorbic acid(AA)in the aqueous humor of 52 participants.

  RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the diabetic group exhibited larger maximum endothelial cell size, lower endothelial cell density(ECD), a reduced proportion of hexagonal cells, higher ND, and lower corneal vertex equivalent spherical power(Scv; P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed those changes of CEC and ND were significantly associated with the level of FBG, HbA1c, and the duration of diabetes(P<0.05). Among 52 participants, diabetic patients had lower levels of AA in their aqueous humor, indicating a diminished antioxidant ability.

  CONCLUSION:Diabetic state can significantly influence corneal maximum cell size, hexagonal cell ratio and ND in cataract patients, potentially linked to a decrease in total antioxidant capacity of the aqueous humor.

• Relationship between angle kappa, angle alpha and objective visual quality in patients with multifocal intraocular lens

  Zhu Chaojie, Long Tan, Ma Ting, Yan Jie, Wang Rui

  2025,25(9):1399-1405 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.03

  Abstract: (34) HTML (0) PDF (2.37 MKB)(43)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate how angles kappa and alpha affect postoperative visual quality in patients with multifocal intraocular lens(mIOLs)implantation.

  METHODS: Retrospective cases series. A total of 46 patients(46 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification were subsumed. The correlation between Preoperative angles kappa and alpha, wave-front aberrations and objective visual quality of cornea, internal, and total eye after surgery were analyzed using iTrace.

  RESULTS: The magnitude of angle kappa was negatively correlated with internal and total modulation transfer function(MTF)at 3 mm; the magnitude of angle kappa was positively correlated with astigmatism, trefoil, higher-order aberrations(HOAs)of both internal and total eye at 3 mm. The magnitude of angle alpha was negatively correlated with total MTF and total Strehl ratio at 3 mm. The magnitude of angle alpha was positively correlated with corneal coma at 5 mm, internal astigmatism at both 3 mm and 5 mm, and total spherical aberration(SA)at 3 mm. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that, among candidate independent variables(kappa, alpha, astigmatism, SA, coma, trefoil, and HOAs), astigmatism is the only independent factor for altering corneal MTF at 3 mm and 5 mm; astigmatism and HOAs emerged as independent factors for altering internal MTF at 3 mm and 5 mm, and total MTF at 3 mm; astigmatism, SA and HOAs emerged as independent factors for altering total MTF at 5 mm.

  CONCLUSION: With greater preoperative angle kappa or angle alpha, patients who accept mIOL implantation tend to have larger internal astigmatism and HOAs, which resulting in poor visual quality, especially those with small pupil size.

Experimental Article

• Protective effect of Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules on the early inflammatory injury of mice with diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting cGAS-STING signaling pathway

  Tang Zhong, Hu Yong

  2025,25(9):1406-1412 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.04

  Abstract: (31) HTML (0) PDF (3.55 MKB)(36)

  Abstract:

  AIM:To investigate the mechanism by which Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules alleviate retinal inflammatory responses in mice with diabetic retinopathy(DR)through the inhibition of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway.

  METHODS:SPF C57BL/6J male mice were first randomly divided into two groups: a DR model group(n=30)receiving daily intraperitoneal STZ injections(50 mg/kg)for 5 d, and a normal control group(n=10)receiving equivalent sodium citrate buffer. After successful diabetes induction, the mice were randomly divided into model group, Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules group, and positive drug group, with 10 mice in each group. The Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules group received gavage with Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules solution at a clinically equivalent dose(11.2 g/kg), while the positive drug group received gavage with Calcium Dobesilate solution at an equivalent dose of 11.6 mg/kg. The model group and the normal group received gavage with an equal volume of normal saline. Each group of mice received gavage once daily, and after 8 weeks of intervention treatment, Evans blue staining was used to detect the retinal leakage in each group of mice, HE staining was used to detect changes in the retinal tissue structure, TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of retinal cells, and immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression levels of retinal Rhodopsin, Opsin, Iba1 and GFAP. Furthermore, Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of cGAS, STING, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the mouse retina.

  RESULTS:Compared with the normal group, the model group mice exhibited increased levels of neuroretinal leakage, retinal thinning, and elevated retinal cells apoptosis, accompanied by upregulation of Iba1 and GFAP expression levels in the retina, and downregulation of Rhodopsin and Opsin expression. The protein expression levels of cGAS, STING, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the retinal tissue were significantly increased. In contrast to the model group, the Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules group and positive drug group mice showed decreased levels of neuroretinal leakage and retinal cells apoptosis, along with downregulation of Iba1 and GFAP expression levels in the retina, and upregulation of Rhodopsin and Opsin expression. The protein expression levels of cGAS, STING, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the retinal tissue were significantly decreased. However, there was no significant difference between the Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules group and the positive drug group.

  CONCLUSION:Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules exert therapeutic effects on retinal inflammation and early damage in DR mouse models, with the underlying mechanism involving the inhibition of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway.

Clinical Article

• Visual quality after different interval spherical lens optometry-guided small-incision lenticule extraction for the correction of low-to-moderate myopia

  Ma Hongli, Song Xueying, Li Shiyang, Liu Xueyan, Su Hong, Zhang Xiaoniu

  2025,25(9):1413-1419 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.05

  Abstract: (24) HTML (0) PDF (1.13 MKB)(27)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To compare the visual quality in patients with low-to-moderate myopia after 0.05 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and conventional 0.25 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided SMILE.

  METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 400 cases(400 eyes)with low-to-moderate myopia that underwent SMILE in the ophthalmology department of 989th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force from August 2021 to August 2023 were enrolled and the data from the right eyes were collected for analysis. According to the method of optometry test modality, they were divided into 0.05 D group and 0.25 D group, with 200 eyes in each group. The differences were compared between the two groups of patients in intraoperative corneal ablation thickness, uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), high-order corneal aberrations(HOA), spherical aberrations, vertical coma, horizontal coma and trefoil aberrations before and at 1, 3 and 6 mo after surgery. Additionally, the percentage of eyes with residual spherical equivalent(SE)≤±0.25 D, postoperative visual symptoms and scores on the quality of visual(Qov)were compared between the two groups at 6 mo after surgery.

  RESULTS: The corneal ablation thickness in the 0.05 D group was 92.78±16.56 μm, which was slightly higher than that in the 0.25 D group(83.24±17.33 μm; P<0.001). The UDVA at each postoperative time point in the 0.05 D group was superior to that in the 0.25 D group(all P<0.001). The HOA, spherical aberration, horizontal coma and vertical coma in the two groups at 1, 3 and 6 mo after operation were higher than those before operation(all P<0.05). The spherical aberration in the 0.05 D group at each time point after surgery were higher than those in the 0.25 D group, and vertical coma were lower than those in the 0.25 D group(all P<0.05). At 6 mo postoperatively, the percentage of eyes with residual SE ≤±0.25 D in the 0.05 D group was 97.5%(195 eyes), which was higher than 87.5%(175 eyes)in the 0.25 D group(P<0.05). The most common adverse visual symptoms after SMILE in both groups were hazy vision and glare. The total Qov score in the 0.05 D group was 0.35(0.24, 0.55), which was lower than \〖0.62(0.32, 0.89)\〗 in the 0.25 D group(P<0.05).

  CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional 0.25 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided SMILE, the 0.05 D interval spherical lens optometry-guided SMILE for the correction of low-to-moderate myopia has better predictability and can achieve better vision and visual quality.

• Quantitative evaluation on clinical characteristics of haze after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy for astigmatism using corneal densitometry

  Li Shuaifei, You Changtao, Xu Lingling, Chen Dongdong, Ma Hongjie, Li Geng

  2025,25(9):1420-1424 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.06

  Abstract: (20) HTML (0) PDF (484.08 KKB)(28)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To quantitatively evaluate the clinical characteristics of haze after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(TPRK)for astigmatism using corneal densitometry.

  METHODS:In this retrospective clinical study, a total of 74 patients(106 eyes)with astigmatism ≥1.25 D who underwent TPRK in our hospital from October 2022 to December 2024 were continuously collected. All of the study subjects were divided into transparent group(65 eyes)and haze group(41 eyes)based on whether haze occurred after surgery. Pentacam examination was performed before and after surgery, and corneal densitometry was recorded at the time points of preoperation, 1 mo postoperation in the transparent group and the most severe haze degree in the haze group. The collected corneal densitometry included the average densitometry of the entire corneal layer in the central 2 mm, 2-6 mm, and 6-10 mm areas, as well as the average densitometry of the entire layer of the corneal section in the center 6 mm of the astigmatism axis(astigmatism expressed in negative cylindrical form)and orthogonal axis(the axis perpendicular to the astigmatism axis), and the average densitometry of the entire layer of the corneal section in the nasal and temporal 2-6 mm areas of the astigmatism axis in the haze group of patients with regular astigmatism. The change in corneal densitometry after surgery compared with that before surgery was calculated.

  RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference in baseline data such as gender, age, and spherical equivalent between the transparent group and the haze group(all P>0.05). The change in corneal densitometry in the 2-6 mm area of the haze group was greater than that in the transparent group(Z=-2.226, P=0.026), while there was no significant difference in the change of corneal densitometry in the central 2 mm and 6-10 mm areas between the two groups(both P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the change of corneal densitometry between the transparent group and haze group along the orthogonal axis(all P>0.05), while the change of corneal densitometry in the haze group along the astigmatism axis was greater than that in the transparent group(Z=-2.371, P=0.018). The temporal corneal densitometry of patients with regular astigmatism in the haze group after surgery was higher than that of the nasal side, and the change in corneal densitometry was also greater than that of the nasal side(Z=-4.288, P<0.001; Z=-4.043, P<0.001).

  CONCLUSION:Unlike spherical correction for myopia and hyperopia, haze after TPRK for astigmatism was mainly manifested in the peripheral cutting area of the astigmatism axis, and patients with regular astigmatism had a higher probability or severity of haze on the temporal side of the astigmatism axis than on the nasal side.

Review Aritcle

• Research progress of mitochondrial unfolded protein response in eye diseases

  Gu Liang, Li Pengfei, Guan Huaijin, Ji Min

  2025,25(9):1425-1430 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.07

  Abstract: (36) HTML (0) PDF (554.63 KKB)(23)

  Abstract:

  The mitochondrial unfolded protein response(UPRmt)represents a crucial intracellular stress response mechanism that plays a fundamental role in maintaining mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of UPRmt contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of various systemic disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, as well as age-related pathologies. Emerging research has particularly highlighted the involvement of UPRmt in ocular diseases, including cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. This comprehensive review examines the physiological functions of UPRmt and its regulatory mechanisms in age-related eye diseases. The roles of key UPRmt downstream effector molecules in ocular cell populations such as lens epithelial cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and retinal ganglion cells are systematically analyzed. Importantly, the dual regulatory nature of UPRmt in ocular pathophysiology is discussed, that is, its moderate activation promotes mitochondrial homeostasis, mitigates oxidative stress, and suppresses inflammatory responses, its chronic or excessive activation triggers apoptotic pathways, induces metabolic dysfunction, and ultimately accelerates disease progression. By elucidating these mechanisms, our review provides novel insights into ocular disease pathogenesis and proposes potential therapeutic strategies targeting UPRmt modulation for the prevention and treatment of age-related eye disorders.

• Research progress on the relationship between the photobiomodulation and amblyopia

  Hu Shuxian, Liu Mei, Dong Jingjing, Yang Yang, Liu Li, Ma Xuan, Guo Liyun

  2025,25(9):1431-1435 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.08

  Abstract: (28) HTML (0) PDF (488.76 KKB)(31)

  Abstract:

  Amblyopia is a common visual development disorder and is the main cause of monocular vision impairment in children and adults. Photobiomodulation(PBM), a non-invasive treatment method, has gradually gained attention in the field of ophthalmology. This paper begins with the macroscopic manifestation of light on the animal model of amblyopia. Additionally, it discusses the pathological changes of the amblyopic retina and the human eye's central nervous system, as well as the influence and mechanism of PBM on the visual perception and processing system and its chemical effect on the visual system through dopamine and melatonin. It examines its mechanism of action, current clinical application status, and future development direction in order to provide new ideas and theoretical foundation for amblyopia treatment.

• Research progress of technology in femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery

  Zhang Daosen, Cao Haifeng, Wu Mingxing, Wang Yuehong, Zhao Gangping, Zhou Hui

  2025,25(9):1436-1440 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.09

  Abstract: (51) HTML (0) PDF (518.19 KKB)(24)

  Abstract:

  Cataract is the world's leading cause of blindness, and surgery is the most effective treatment for cataract. With the development of femtosecond laser technology and ophthalmic surgical equipment, the application of femtosecond laser systems in cataract surgery is becoming increasingly widespread. It can be used in cataract surgery for corneal incisions, anterior capsulotomy, lens fragmentation, arcuate incisions and other key operations. Compared to traditional surgery, femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)offers significant advantages in precision, safety and postoperative visual outcomes. Its clinical benefits have garnered growing recognition among ophthalmologists. However, the key technologies and high-precision equipment for FLACS remain predominantly controlled by Western countries. In China, the research in this field began later. This article reviews the technological advancements in FLACS, with a focus on femtosecond laser technology, optical coherence tomography(OCT), artificial intelligence, and clinical application progress. The objective is to provide theoretical foundations and practical insights for the development of ophthalmic medical technology in China.

• Clinical application and research progress of anterior chamber depth in cataract surgery

  Li Yutong, Li Can

  2025,25(9):1441-1447 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.10

  Abstract: (35) HTML (0) PDF (584.54 KKB)(21)

  Abstract:

  The anterior chamber(AC), a space bounded anteriorly by the cornea and posteriorly by the iris and the lens in the pupillary zone, is one of the most significant parameters in the anterior segment of the eye clinically. It is closely associated with the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of various ocular diseases. Accurate preoperative assessment and utilization of anterior chamber depth(ACD)before surgery are crucial for achieving optimal postoperative visual outcomes. The term, effective lens position(ELP), has been introduced in recent years to better describe the postoperative position of the intraocular lens(IOL). To enhance the comprehension of ACD and ELP, this review elaborates on their definitions and interrelationship. It enumerates preoperative ACD measurement methodologies and compares the applicability of different devices. Furthermore, the review synthesizes its application on IOL power calculation and ELP prediction, recommending optimized formulas such as the Kane formula for scenarios with atypical ACD. The discussion extends to the impact of abnormal ACD on postoperative visual quality and relevant intraoperative interventions, aiming to provide evidence-based references for clinical practice.

• Advances in the application of optical coherence tomography angiography in normal tension glaucoma

  Jin Yangyang, Gu Lurun, Wudeng Youchen, Zhang Qiuyang, Cao Guofan

  2025,25(9):1448-1454 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.11

  Abstract: (27) HTML (0) PDF (3.35 MKB)(21)

  Abstract:

  Normal tension glaucoma(NTG)is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by progressive damage to the optic nerve and visual field defects, with its pathophysiology closely linked to genetic, immune-inflammatory and vascular factors. Optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)is a noninvasive imaging technique that provides real-time, quantitative assessment of retinal microvascular perfusion. In recent years, OCTA has been increasingly applied in NTG studies, demonstrating significant potential in early diagnosis, disease monitoring and management. This systematic review summarizes the latest advancements in the application of OCTA for NTG, with a focus on vascular parameters in the optic nerve head and macular regions. Its diagnostic value and monitoring management are further summarized. Moreover, the current limitations of OCTA technology and the challenges related to its clinical application are critically evaluated, while exploring its future developments. These insights aim to provide a theoretical foundation for further research on NTG-related microvascular pathology and the broader clinical application of OCTA.

• Functional transformation of microglia and advances in targeted therapy in age-related macular degeneration

  He Chen, Li Wei, Dou Xiaoyan, Yang Haojiang

  2025,25(9):1455-1459 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.12

  Abstract: (26) HTML (0) PDF (495.17 KKB)(19)

  Abstract:

  Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a prevalent retinal degenerative disease closely linked to age and stands as a leading cause of central vision loss among the elderly. Under physiological condition, microglia in the retina plays crucial roles in tissue homeostasis, immune surveillance, and tissue repair. However, in pathological state, microglia can be abnormally activated and migrate to AMD lesion sites, which results in exacerbating damage to retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptor cells, thus promoting the progression of AMD. This review focuses on the origins, distribution, and functional changes of microglia under physiological and pathological conditions. Recent advances in microglia-targeted therapies for AMD are also summarized, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel treatment strategies.

• Research advances in in vitro cellular models for age-related macular degeneration

  Chen Xin, Mo Yaxin, Liu Xinyu, Chen Qiang

  2025,25(9):1460-1465 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.13

  Abstract: (20) HTML (0) PDF (518.38 KKB)(24)

  Abstract:

  Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly, characterized by complex mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. In vitro cellular models have become indispensable in ARMD research, enabling the study of ARMD pathogenesis, drug screening, and treatment evaluation through retinal microenvironment simulation. This review provides a systematic overview of recent advances in various in vitro models for ARMD research, encompassing retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cell cultures, 3D bioprinted retinal constructs, and organoid technologies. We critically examine their development methodologies, experimental applications, as well as comparative strengths and weaknesses. The review also addresses ongoing debates and technical challenges in this research domain. In the future, continued progress in microfluidic platforms, gene-editing tools, and 3D bioprinting technologies promises to enhance the precision and patient-specific relevance of these models, ultimately facilitating earlier diagnosis and more tailored therapeutic interventions for ARMD.

• Research progress on the pharmacokinetics of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs under different intraocular injection methods

  Liu Jiao, Zhu Rongrong

  2025,25(9):1466-1470 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.14

  Abstract: (28) HTML (0) PDF (511.47 KKB)(20)

  Abstract:

  Fundus neovascular diseases(FNDs)are ocular diseases caused by pathological changes in retinal blood vessels, which are the leading cause of visual impairment globally. The overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)plays an important role in the formation of new blood vessels, and the current first-line treatment for FNDs is anti-VEGF drugs. The eyes have a special blood-eye barrier, which makes it difficult for eye drops, oral or intravenous drugs to enter the eye and exert their effects. Intraocular injection can bypass this barrier and directly inject drugs into the eye, which is the main route of administration for the treatment of eye diseases. Compared with systemic administration, it is more conducive to enrich the drug at the target site and reduce systemic adverse reactions. Intraocular administrations include intravitreal injection(IVI), suprachoroidal space(SCS)injection, subretinal injection(SRI), drug delivery systems and other invasive intraocular treatments. Previous studies have shown that different intraocular administration methods can affect the pharmacokinetic(PK)properties of drugs. This article reviews the PK changes of anti-VEGF drugs under different intraocular administration methods.

• Research progress and prospects of Faricimab in retinal vascular diseases

  Tang Miao, Yu Haisheng

  2025,25(9):1471-1475 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.15

  Abstract: (23) HTML (0) PDF (482.54 KKB)(21)

  Abstract:

  Retinal vascular diseases(RVD)are among the leading causes of blindness worldwide, with their prevalence showing an increasing trend year by year. Among them, age-related macular degeneration(ARMD), diabetic macular edema(DME), and retinal vein occlusion(RVO)are the most common types. Faricimab, developed by Roche's CrossMAB platform, is a novel bispecific monoclonal antibody that can simultaneously target and inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor-a(VEGF-A)and angiopoietin-2(Ang-2). The dual inhibition of these two key factors by Faricimab endows it with the potential to regulate angiogenesis and inflammatory responses more comprehensively and effectively, thus bringing new opportunities for the treatment of RVD.

• Advances in diffuse optical technology lenses for myopia control

  He Kun, Pan Bingxin, Yang Suyun, He Zhiyang, Zheng Mengting, Shu Meiling, Jiang Pengfei, Xu Shan, Tian Pengfei

  2025,25(9):1476-1483 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.16

  Abstract: (67) HTML (0) PDF (1.92 MKB)(35)

  Abstract:

  Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in myopia control research through the application of diffuse optical technology(DOT)spectacle lenses. Myopia has emerged as a global public health challenge, affecting nearly half of the world's population, with childhood and adolescent myopia rates continuing to rise. DOT lenses represent an innovative myopia control intervention based on retinal contrast signal theory. These lenses incorporate micro-light scattering dots distributed across the lens surface to reduce retinal imaging contrast and modulate the influence of visual input on axial elongation, thereby slowing myopia progression. The core mechanism operates through refractive index differences between the lens substrate(1.53)and scattering dots(1.50), which generate optical scattering effects. This design maintains clear vision through a central 5 mm optical zone while effectively reducing contrast signal intensity in the peripheral retina. Large-scale randomized controlled trials, including the CYPRESS study, have demonstrated significant myopia control efficacy in children aged 6-10 years: 12-month follow-up data revealed a 74% reduction in myopia progression and a 50% reduction in axial elongation, with sustained safety and visual quality maintained over 4-year long-term follow-up. However, several aspects of DOT technology remain contentious and require further clinical validation, including its applicability across different age groups, optimal scattering dot density configurations, combined application effects with other myopia control methods, and long-term visual adaptation during extended use. This review systematically examines the theoretical foundations, design characteristics, clinical application progress, and future development directions of DOT technology, providing scientific evidence for clinical myopia prevention and control strategy formulation.

Mendelian Randomization Analysis

• Role of ceramide-regulated metabolic intermediates in retinal vein occlusion

  Yang Biao, Xie Chuanqi

  2025,25(9):1484-1490 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.17

  Abstract: (19) HTML (0) PDF (2.21 MKB)(17)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate the causal effects of ceramides on retinal vein occlusion(RVO)and elucidate their potential mediating mechanisms using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.

  METHODS: Genome-wide association study(GWAS)data for four ceramide species were utilized as exposures, and RVO GWAS data from the FinnGen database as the outcome. Additionally, GWAS data for 1 400 intermediate metabolites were analyzed to identify potential mediators in the ceramide-RVO pathway.

  RESULTS: Two ceramide species exhibited significant causal associations with RVO: ceramide(d40:1)\〖IVW OR(95% CI): 0.750(0.604-0.930), P<0.05\〗 and ceramide(d42:2)\〖IVW OR(95% CI): 0.771(0.632-0.941), P<0.05\〗, suggesting protective effects. Mediation analysis revealed that ceramide(d40:1)influenced RVO risk through metabolites including 3-methylxanthine, branched/straight-chain/cyclopropyl 10:1 fatty acids, glutamine, and hydroxypalmitoyl sphingomyelin. Similarly, ceramide(d42:2)acted via N-methylhydroxyproline, the same fatty acid group, N1-methyladenosine, and the leucine-to-N-palmitoyl-sarcosinate ratio.

  CONCLUSION: Ceramides(d40:1)and(d42:2)confer protection against RVO, partially mediated by specific metabolic pathways.

Clinical research

• Diagnostic value of combining the corneal stress-strain index with corneal biomechanical parameters for early keratoconus

  Pu Dian, Kang Qian, Ma Zhiying, Xu Hongliang

  2025,25(9):1491-1494 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.18

  Abstract: (24) HTML (0) PDF (601.95 KKB)(22)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To explore the diagnostic value of combining the corneal stress-strain index(SSI)with corneal biomechanical parameters for early keratoconus.

  METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted on 34 patients(53 eyes)with early keratoconus diagnosed and treated in our hospital from March 2022 to February 2024. Additionally, 112 normal volunteers(112 eyes)who underwent physical examinations in our hospital during the same period were selected as a healthy control group. The CorvisST equipment was utilized for measurement and recorded deformation with Scheimpflug camera to obtain 10 biomechanical parameters: first applanation time(A1T), first applanation length(A1L), velocity of initial applanation(Vin), second applanation time(A2T), second applanation length(A2L), velocity of outward applanation(Vout), highest concavity time(HCT), highest concavity depth of applanation(HCDA), highest concavity radius(HCR), and peak distance(PD), as well as stress-strain index(SSI), and the corneal biomechanical parameters of the two groups were compared. Furthermore, Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for keratoconus, and ROC curves were plotted to analyze the biomechanical parameters of the cornea for early diagnosis of keratoconus.

  RESULTS:The SSI(0.77±0.17)in patients with keratoconus was lower than that in healthy controls(1.01±0.24; P<0.001). Patients with keratoconus had lower A1T, A1L, A2L, and HCR, and higher Vout, HCDA, and PD compared to healthy controls(all P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that decreased SSI, A1T, A1L, A2L, and HCR, as well as increased Vout, HCDA, and PD, were risk factors for the development of keratoconus(P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value for combined diagnosis of early keratoconus was 0.997, with a Youden's index of 0.954, sensitivity and specificity of 98.1% and 97.3%, respectively, and a 95% CI of 0.994-1.000.

  CONCLUSION:The combination of SSI and corneal biomechanical parameters holds diagnostic significance for early keratoconus, and the joint diagnostic value is even higher. It can be considered as a diagnostic or screening indicator for early keratoconus.

• Expression of serum GDF11 and TSP1 in diabetic retinopathy and their relationship with microvascular injury

  Yang Fan, Xu Ying, Shi Wenjian, Jiao Wenye, Wang Dongmei, Li Erjun

  2025,25(9):1495-1499 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.19

  Abstract: (15) HTML (0) PDF (633.00 KKB)(17)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate the expression of serum growth differentiation factor 11(GDF11)and thrombospondin 1(TSP1)in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR), and discuss their relationship with microvascular injury.

  METHODS: Totally 102 DR patients were served as DR group and assigned into non proliferative DR group(NPDR group)and proliferative DR group(PDR group)based on the severity of DR lesions. Meantime, 100 patients with simple diabetes were served as control group. Serum indicators of microvascular injury including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), endothelial cells(ECs), endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs), and levels of GDF11 and TSP1 were measured in each group. Pearson method was used to discuss the correlation between GDF11, TSP1 and microvascular injury indicators. Logistic regression was used to discuss the factors that affected the occurrence of DR. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the evaluation value of serum GDF11 and TSP1 for the DR conditions.

  RESULTS: For the control group, DR group had lower EPCs and GDF11, and higher VEGF, ECs, and TSP1 levels(all P<0.05). The PDR group had lower GDF11 and higher TSP1 than the NPDR group(all P<0.05). Serum GDF11 was negatively related to VEGF and ECs(r=-0.486, -0.511, all P<0.001), and positively related to EPCs(r=0.475, P<0.001). TSP1 was positively related to VEGF and ECs(r=0.579, 0.594, all P<0.001), and negatively related to EPCs(r=-0.505, P<0.001). Moreover, GDF11 and TSP1 were negatively correlated(r=-0.443, P<0.001). The course of T2DM, VEGF, and TSP1 were risk factors for DR, while GDF11 was a protective factor(all P<0.05). The AUC of GDF11, TSP1, and combined diagnosis for PDR conditions was 0.819, 0.822, and 0.915, respectively. The combined diagnosis was better than single diagnosis(Z_{combination-GDF11}=2.070, P=0.039, Z_{combination-TSP1}=2.274, P=0.023).

  CONCLUSION: GDF11 and TSP1 are closely associated with microvascular injury in DR patients and are related to the progression of DR disease, and the combined detection of their serum levels is of clinical value in the assessment of DR disease.

• Analysis of factors associated with recurrence of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment

  Wang Junmei, Wang Shuna, Zhang Xuemin, Liu Jianliang, Feng Zhenhua

  2025,25(9):1500-1504 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.20

  Abstract: (29) HTML (0) PDF (485.95 KKB)(21)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate the risk factors associated with the recurrence of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO-ME)after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF)therapy.

  METHODS:A total of 32 patients(32 eyes)with BRVO-ME who were treated at the ophthalmology department of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University from February 2021 to June 2022 were selected. They were treated with a 3+pro re nata (PRN)anti-VEGF regimen and followed up for 6 mo. Following 3 consecutive anti-VEGF injections, patients were categorized into a non-recurrence group and a recurrence group based on central macular thickness(CMT)measured by optical coherence tomography(OCT)at 6 mo post-treatment. Aqueous humor levels of various cytokines levels were quantified using suspension assay method. Demographic characteristics, CMT, and cytokine levels were compared between the two groups, and their correlations with the recurrence of BRVO-ME after anti-VEGF treatment were analyzed.

  RESULTS:At 6 months post-treatment, ME resolved in 19 eyes(no recurrence group), while 13 eyes showed persistent or recurrent ME(recurrence group). Compared to baseline, the CMT significantly improved in both groups at 1 d, 1, and 6 mo post-treatment(all P<0.05). However, the recurrence group exhibited significantly higher baseline, 1 d and 6 mo post-treatment CMT values than the non-recurrence group(all P<0.05). The aqueous humor levels of VEGF and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)at baseline were significantly higher in the recurrence group than the non-recurrence group(all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed positive associations between baseline CMT and interlukin IL-1β, IL-5, IL-12, MCP-1 and IP-10 levels(all P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis identified baseline CMT and MCP-1 levels as independent risk factors for BRVO-ME recurrence(OR>1, P<0.05).

  CONCLUSION: Elevated baseline CMT and aqueous humor MCP-1 levels were identified as independent risk factors for BRVO-ME recurrence after anti-VEGF therapy. Patients exhibiting higher baseline CMT and MCP-1 levels demonstrated significantly increased susceptibility to recurrence.

• Comparative study of MS-39, Sirius, and Pentacam in assisting size selection of implantable collamer lens

  Yue Jiaqi, Wang Xindi, Fan Yimeng, Liu Zhao, Pei Cheng

  2025,25(9):1505-1510 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.21

  Abstract: (23) HTML (0) PDF (1.49 MKB)(20)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To assess the consistency of the new anterior segment analyzer, MS-39, the Sirius and Pentacam in measuring corneal white-to-white(WTW)and central anterior chamber depth(ACD), and to compare their differences in guiding implantable collamer lens(ICL)size selection.

  METHODS: Retrospective case study. A total of 210 consecutive patients(420 eyes)who treated at the Ophthalmology Refractive Surgery Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between September 2019 and September 2020 were enrolled. Three anterior segment analysis systems, MS-39, Sirius, and Pentacam, were utilized to assess the WTW and ACD, with comparative analysis of the results. The sizing of the ICL V4c was simulated using the method recommended by the STAAR company. Data correlation and consistency were evaluated.

  RESULTS: The WTW measurement results obtained from MS-39, Sirius, and Pentacam were 11.39±0.35, 11.42±0.36, and 11.46±0.35 mm, respectively. Notably, the WTW measurement value from MS-39 was significantly lower than that from Pentacam(P=0.002), while no statistically significant differences were observed between MS-39 and Sirius, or between Sirius and Pentacam(all P>0.05). The WTW measurements from the three devices exhibited a strong positive correlation, with correlation coefficients(r)of 0.942 between MS-39 and Sirius, 0.925 between MS-39 and Pentacam, and 0.882 between Sirius and Pentacam(all P<0.0001). The ACD measurements values from the MS-39, Sirius and Pentacam were 3.28±0.22, 3.28±0.24, and 3.21±0.23 mm, respectively. While, no statistically significant difference was found between MS-39 and Sirius(P>0.05), both measurements were significantly higher than that of Pentacam(both P<0.0001). The ACD measurements also demonstrated a strong positive correlation, with r values of 0.959 between MS-39 and Sirius, 0.947 between MS-39 and Pentacam, and 0.932 between Sirius and Pentacam(all P<0.0001). In terms of ICL size selection based on the measurements from the three devices, the 12.6 mm size was the most frequently selected, while the 13.7 mm size was the least common, the distribution of size selections across the devices was similar.

  CONCLUSION: MS-39 demonstrated strong positive correlation with both Sirius and Pentacam for WTW and ACD measurements, indicating that the results can be considered clinically interchangeable. Furthermore, the outcomes derived from MS-39 for ICL size selection were closely aligned with those from Sirius and Pentacam, suggesting its clinical feasibility.

Clinical report

• Genotypic and clinical phenotypic analysis of children with incontinentia pigmenti accompanied by ocular lesions

  Li Zhen, Huang Xiaoyu, Sheng Xunlun, Rong Weining

  2025,25(9):1511-1516 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.22

  Abstract: (17) HTML (0) PDF (2.84 MKB)(18)

  Abstract:

  AIM:To analyze the clinical phenotypes and genotypes of children with incontinentia pigmenti(IP)and enhance clinicians' understanding of the condition.

  METHODS: A family with IP diagnosed in February 2020 at the ophthalmology department of People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was enrolled. The proband and family members underwent comprehensive systemic and ocular examinations. Peripheral venous blood was collected for DNA extraction, followed by whole-exome sequencing and MLPA assay to identify pathogenic variants. Corresponding treatments were administered based on the severity of fundus lesions, and ocular clinical features and therapeutic outcomes were monitored during follow-up.

  RESULTS: The child in this study was a female, aged 8 years, with typical skin changes and scarring alopecia and dental abnormalities at the time of initial consultation. The results of genetic testing suggested that the child carried a heterozygous deletion of exons 4-10 of the IKBKG gene chrX:153440010-153446570del. The child had asymmetric lesions in both eyes, with severe lesions in the left eye, atrophy of the eyeballs, and ocular B-ultrasound suggesting structural disturbances in the eye, and neovascularization was seen in the peripheral retina of the right eye, and the patient was given laser photocoagulation treatment for the right eye, and no progression of retinopathy was detected during follow-up.

  CONCLUSION:Children with IP have different ocular clinical phenotypes, and retinal vasculopathy is the main change. Early screening and timely and standardized treatment are crucial for children diagnosed with IP.

• Allogeneic intrastromal lenticule implantation combined with corneal collagen cross-linking for moderate to advanced keratoconus

  Zhang Jing, Hou Jie, Dong Yahui, Lei Yulin, Xu Yafei, Sun Fangfang

  2025,25(9):1517-1522 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.23

  Abstract: (21) HTML (0) PDF (1.04 MKB)(16)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogeneic intrastromal lenticule implantation combined with corneal collagen cross-linking(CXL)in patients with moderate to advanced keratoconus.

  METHODS: A retrospective case series analysis was conducted. A total of 19 patients(20 eyes)with moderate to advanced keratoconus who underwent combined allogeneic intrastromal lenticule implantation and CXL at the Jinan Mingshui Eye Hospital from June 2021 to December 2023 were included. The uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCVA), thinnest corneal thickness, central corneal epithelial thickness, anterior corneal flat keratometry(Kf), steep keratometry(Ks), and mean keratometry(Km), as well as the first applanation time(A1T), the first applanation length(A1L), the velocity during the first applanation moment(VIN), the second applanation time(A2T), the second applanation length(A2L), the velocity during the second applanation moment(VOUT), highest concavity time(HCT), highest concavity radius(HCR), peak distance(PD), deformation amplitude(DA), stiffness parameter at first applanation(SP-A1), integrated radius(IR), central corneal thickness(CCT), intraocular pressure(IOP), corneal thickness-corrected IOP, biomechanically intraocular pressure IOP(bIOP), and corneal thickness variation rate(ARTH)were compared between the two groups before surgery and at 1 wk, 1, 3 and 6 mo after surgery.

  RESULTS: All patients successfully completed the surgery without any intraoperative complications. No significant differences were observed between pre-operative and post-operative measurements for UCVA or the corneal biomechanical parameters, including A1L, A2L, PD, A1T, A2T, VIN, VOUT, DA, IOP, and bIOP(all P>0.05). Significant differences were found between pre-operative and post-operative values for corneal thinnest point thickness, central corneal epithelial thickness, Kf, Ks, Km, and the corneal biomechanical parameters, including HCT, HCR, SP-A1, ARTH, IR, and CCT(all P<0.05). The anterior corneal curvature demonstrated an initial increase followed by a decrease post-operatively. Furthermore, significant differences were observed between pre-operative and post-operative values for HCT, HCR, SP-A1, ARTH, IR, and CCT(all P<0.005).

  CONCLUSION: Allogenic intrastromal lenticule implantation combined with corneal collagen cross-linking demonstrates favorable safety and stability in treating moderate-to-advanced keratoconus. This combined procedure effectively increases corneal thickness and rigidity, resulting in corneas that are more resistant to deformation postoperatively.

• Effect of coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation on patients with age-related cataract

  Li Ping

  2025,25(9):1523-1526 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.24

  Abstract: (14) HTML (0) PDF (449.76 KKB)(17)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate the effect of coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation on visual acuity recovery and safety in patients with age-related cataract.

  METHODS:A total of 98 patients(98 eyes)with age-related cataract in our hospital from December 2022 to December 2023 were selected. According to the different surgical methods, they were divided into control group and observation group, with 49 cases(49 eyes)in each group. The control group was treated with 3.0 mm standard incision phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation, and the observation group was treated with 2.2 mm coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), corneal astigmatism and corneal endothelial cell indexes were compared between the two groups before and after surgery. The occurrence of postoperative complications was counted to evaluate the safety of the treatment.

  RESULTS: The BCVA(LogMAR)of the two groups decreased at 1 d, 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after surgery(P<0.05), and the BVCA of the observation group was better than that of the control group at 1 d, 1 wk, 1, and 3 mo after surgery(P<0.05). Compared with pre-operation, the corneal astigmatism of the two groups increased at 1 d, 1 wk and 1 mo after operation(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups in corneal astigmatism at 3 mo after surgery(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in corneal astigmatism at 3 mo after operation(P>0.05). Compared with the preoperative values, the corneal endothelial cell density and hexagonal cell proportion were significantly decreased, and the coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells was increased in the two groups at 3 mo after surgery(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the above indexes after surgery(P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the two groups was 8%(4/49)and 4%(2/49), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).

  CONCLUSION: Coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation can improve the BCVA of age-related cataract patients, and reduce the influence of corneal astigmatism, which is relatively safe.

• Yangyin Yiqi Decoction combined with polyethylene glycol eye drops for the treatment of dry eye disease after cataract surgery

  Xia Wei, Zhang Lixia, Chen Xiuqin, Ding Na

  2025,25(9):1527-1531 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.25

  Abstract: (22) HTML (0) PDF (496.04 KKB)(17)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate the efficacy of Yangyin Yiqi Decoction combined with polyethylene glycol eye drops on dry eye disease after cataract surgery and its effect on inflammatory factors in tears.

  METHODS:Prospective study. A total of 104 patients(104 eyes)with dry eye disease after cataract surgery admitted to our hospital from April 2022 to March 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: 52 cases(52 eyes)in the control group were treated with polyethylene glycol eye drops; 52 cases(52 eyes)in the combined group were treated with Yangyin Yiqi Decoction combined with polyethylene glycol eye drops. The dry eye symptom score, tear film stability index, tear inflammatory factor level, ocular surface disease index score(OSDI)and clinical efficacy of the two groups were compared before and after treatment.

  RESULTS:There were 6 cases(6 eyes)lost to follow-up, and 3 cases(3 eyes)were lost to follow-up in each group, with a loss to follow-up rate of 5.8%. The total effective rate of treatment in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the control group(94% vs 80%, P=0.037), and the Schirmer I test(SIt)and tear film break-up time(BUT)were higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05), and the dry eye symptom score, corneal fluorescein staining(FL)score, IL-1β, TNF-α, hs-CRP levels in tears and OSDI score were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05).

  CONCLUSION:The combination of Yangyin Yiqi Decoction and polyethylene glycol eye drops provides an effective treatment plan for patients with dry eye disease after cataract surgery. It can effectively alleviate dry eye symptoms, reduce eye discomfort, improve tear film stability and ocular surface status, and reduce inflammatory factors in tears.

• Therapeutic effect of oral Xuefu Zhuyu Pill combined with intravitreal injection of Aflibercept in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion

  Shen Ran, Ji Hongying, Cui Hongyu, Yang Lequan, Guo Lixia

  2025,25(9):1532-1536 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.26

  Abstract: (35) HTML (0) PDF (472.55 KKB)(25)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To explore the therapeutic effect of oral Xuefu Zhuyu Pill combined with intravitreal injection of aflibercept in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion(RVO).

  METHODS: A total of 80 patients(80 eyes)with RVO admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to March 2024 were prospectively selected. According to the treatment method, they were divided into a control group of 40 patients treated with intravitreal injection of aflibercept, and an observation group of 40 patients treated with oral Xuefu Zhuyu Pill combined with intravitreal injection of aflibercept. The efficacy, TCM syndrome score, retinal microcirculation parameters, macular edema(ME), and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups of patients in the treatment of RVO.

  RESULTS: All patients have completed follow-up. The clinical effective rate of the observation group after treatment was 95%, obviously higher than that of the control group(80%; χ²=4.114, P=0.043). After treatment for 3 mo, the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, foveal avascular area(FAZ)area, FAZ circumference, macular central retinal thickness, and neovascularization leakage area of both groups decreased, the overall blood flow density of the superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexuses(DCP)increased, and the observation group showed better results than the control group(all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups during the treatment period(P>0.05).

  CONCLUSION: Oral administration of Xuefu Zhuyu Pill combined with intravitreal injection of aflibercept in the treatment of RVO can improve retinal microcirculation, enhance vision, restore ocular blood circulation, improve bleeding, promote ME absorption, and improve clinical efficacy.

• Comparison of the refractive measurements in preschool children between Spot vision screener and autorefractor

  Zhang Min, Xu Wuping, Cai Subo, Xu Xuedong

  2025,25(9):1537-1540 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.27

  Abstract: (23) HTML (0) PDF (986.08 KKB)(24)

  Abstract:

  AIM:To compare the differences and correlation of Spot vision screener and autorefractor in measuring preschool children refractive status under natural pupil conditions.

  METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November 2021. A total of 311 children from a senior kindergarten in Jiangyin city were randomly selected and underwent refraction test using both Spot vision screener and autorefractor without cycloplegia. The astigmatism was decomposed into J₀ and J₄₅ by the Thibos vector analysis. The differences in spherical equivalence(SE), sphere, cylinder, J₀ and J₄₅ measured by these two devices were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Spearman analysis was employed to analyze the correlation.

  RESULTS:One child was excluded from the initial 311 children due to sphere power <-7.50 D, exceeding the detection range of the Spot vision screener(-7.50 to +7.50 D). A total of 310 children were ultimately included in this study, and the data of right eye of each child were selected. There was no statistically significant difference between the SE measured by the Spot vision screener and the autorefractor(P=0.598), while the difference in sphere, cylinder, J₀, and J₄₅ was statistically significant(all P<0.001). Measurements from these two devices had a positive correlation \〖SE(r_s=0.350, P<0.001), sphere(r_s=0.403, P<0.001), cylinder(r_s=0.545, P<0.001), J₀ (r_s=0.672, P<0.001), J₄₅ (r_s=0.439, P<0.001)\〗.

  CONCLUSION:The results of Spot vision screener and autorefractor cannot be replaced by each other, and different referral indicators should be set for these two devices in vision screening.

• Comparison of the agreement of measurements between the ARK Biometer Combo and OA 2000 in patients wearing orthokeratology lenses

  Ding Li, Du Linlin, Zhu Xiaoyu, Chen Meng, Yao Wenbo, He Xiangui, Zhu Mengjun

  2025,25(9):1541-1546 ,DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2025.9.28

  Abstract: (18) HTML (0) PDF (2.01 MKB)(18)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To compare the agreement between the ARK Biometer Combo and OA 2000 in patients wearing orthokeratology lenses.

  METHODS: A prospective study. A total of 148 patients(148 eyes)who were wearing orthokeratology lenses and returned for follow-up at the Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center from August to September 2024 were included. Biometric measurements were performed using both the ARK Biometer Combo and OA 2000. Parameters including axial length(AL), corneal central thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), corneal curvature(Kf and Ks), astigmatism(AST), white-to-white corneal diameter(WTW)and pupil diameter(PD)were obtained. Differences in measurement parameters between the two biometers were compared, and agreement was assessed.

  RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the measurements of Kf, Ks and AST between the two biometers(P>0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in the measurements of AL, CCT, ACD, LT, WTW and PD(t=2.559, P=0.012; t=16.771, P<0.0001; t=4.749, P<0.0001; t=-15.212, P<0.0001; t=-14.915, P<0.0001; t=-2.402, P=0.018). ICC ranged from 0.615 to 0.999. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the maximum absolute values of the 95% limits of agreement(LoA)of AL, CCT, ACD, LT, Kf, Ks, AST, WTW and PD were 0.07 mm, 35.07 μm, 0.07 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.66 D, 1.14 D, 1.00 D, 0.76 mm, and 0.98 mm, respectively.

  CONCLUSION: In orthokeratology patients, the ARK Biometer Combo and OA 2000 showed good agreement in measuring AL, CCT, ACD, Kf and LT, and can be used interchangeably.

• Construction of risk prediction model for macular edema after phacoemulsification in diabetes cataract patients

  liubing

  Abstract:

  Objective: To construct a risk nomogram prediction model of ME based on the risk factors of macular edema (ME) after phacoemulsification in diabetes cataract (DC) patients. Method: A retrospective collection of data was conducted on 1751 DC patients who underwent cataract phacoemulsification surgery in the hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. Based on whether they developed ME after surgery, the patients were divided into the ME group (n=138) and the N-ME group (n=1613). By conducting univariate and Logistic multiple regression analysis, the risk factors for postoperative ME in DC patients undergoing phacoemulsification were identified. A column chart risk prediction model was constructed, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test were plotted to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the model. The decision curve was used to evaluate the clinical return on investment of the model. Results: Age, duration of diabetes, proportion of insulin treatment, proportion of retinopathy, best corrected visual acuity, CSMT, macular volume, HbA1c and VEGF in ME group were all higher than those in N-ME group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes course, retinopathy, BCVA, CSMT, macular volume, HbA1c and VEGF were the risk factors for ME after phacoemulsification in DC patients (P<0.05). A column chart risk prediction model was constructed based on risk factors, and the ROC curve suggested good model differentiation [AUC of training set was 0.998 (95%CI: 0.997-1.000), and AUC of validation set was 0.999 (95%CI: 0.997-1.000). 0.997-1.000)], the calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test indicated that the model had a high fit (training set: R2=0.917, x2=0.806, P=0.999. Verification set: R2=0.900, x2=0.675, P=1.000). The decision curve showed that the model had a high net return rate within the probability range of 0.00-1.00 threshold. Conclusion: Diabetes course, retinopathy, BCVA, CSMT, macular volume, HbA1c and VEGF are risk factors for ME after cataract phacoemulsification in DC patients. The risk prediction model based on this construction has good differentiation and consistency in predicting the risk of ME after cataract phacoemulsification in DC patients.

• Correlations Among Axial Length, Corneal Curvature, and Axial Ratio in Adolescents with Mild-to-Moderate Myopia

  jihengjing, Lvliang, Guanlike, Huotianqi, zhouchunyu, zhoulixiao

  Abstract:

  Abstract Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and correlations of ocular biometric parameters in adolescents aged 8-18 years with mild to moderate myopia. Methods A total of 447 eyes from adolescents aged 8-18 years consecutively enrolled for orthokeratology lens fitting at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 2021 and 2023 were included. Biometric measurements under scotopic conditions assessed axial length (AL), corneal radius of curvature (CR), and AL/CR ratio. Cycloplegic refraction determined spherical equivalent (SE), classifying eyes into mild or moderate myopia groups. Statistical analyses compared groups. Results A statistically significant difference in myopia severity was observed between the 8-12-year-old and 13-18-year-old age groups (P < 0.001). In the mild myopia group (216 eyes), median SE was -2.25 D, mean AL was 24.48 mm, and mean AL/CR was 3.11. In the moderate myopia group (231 eyes), median SE was -4.29 D, mean AL was 25.18 mm, and mean AL/CR was 3.20. Significant differences in SE, AL, and AL/CR were found between groups (P < 0.05). Linear regression revealed significant negative correlations between SE and AL (r = -0.531, P < 0.0001) and between SE and AL/CR (r = -0.598, P < 0.0001). The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for predicting moderate myopia were: AL/CR combined with gender and age (AUC = 0.812, 95% CI: 0.773-0.852), AL/CR alone (AUC = 0.800, 95% CI: 0.759-0.841), AL alone (AUC = 0.726, 95% CI: 0.680-0.773), and CR alone (AUC = 0.548, 95% CI: 0.494-0.601). The optimal AL/CR cut-off value for predicting moderate myopia was 3.189 (sensitivity: 73.2%, specificity: 85.2%), suggesting its potential as a clinical threshold. Conclusion In adolescents with non-high myopia, AL/CR, AL, and SE exhibit significant negative correlations. The combination of AL/CR with gender and age demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy for SE. AL/CR shows independent predictive value for myopia severity in adolescents, irrespective of refractive status.

• Evaluation of Myopia Prevention and Control Effect of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments Lenses in Unilateral Myopia Children

  Jiang Lu, Peng Mengling, Ma Miao, Yuan Xue, Zhou Chao

  Abstract:

  Objective: To evaluate the effect of defocus incorporated multiple segments(DIMS) lenses on the myopic development and progression of the unilateral myopia children. Methods:In this retrospective case group study,we reviewed the medical records of unilateral myopia children in Hankou Aier Eye Hospital from october 2020 to october 2022 , who had been wearing DIMS lens(n=52) and single-vision(SV) spectacle lenses(n=49) for 1 year.The spherical degree of myopia eyes ranged from -4.00D to -0.50 D and the nonmyopic eyes 0 to +1.00D,astigmatism in all eyes was ≤2.00 D.The DIMS lens group was classified into DIMS-myopia group(the myopic eyes) and DIMS-nonmyopia group(the nonmyopic eyes). The SV lens group was also divided into SV-myopia group and SV-nonmyopia group. T-test were used to compare the changes of axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction(SER). Results: After 1 year, the changes of SER in the DIMS-myopic group and the DIMS-nonmyopic group were (-0.41±0.44) D and (-0.26±0.54) D, respectively, and the changes of AL were (0.18±0.20) mm and (0.15±0.15) mm, respectively. SER changes were (-0.74±0.63) D and (-0.70±0.68) D in SV-myopic group and SV-nonmyopic group ,and AL changes were (0.30±0.28) mm and (0.31±0.28) mm. The changes of SER and axis of eyes in DMS-myopic and non-myopic groups were slower than those in SV group (P < 0.05). Compared with SV lenses, wearing DIMS lenses delayed SER by 44.6% in myopia eyes, SER by 62.9% in non-myopia eyes, AL delayed by 40.0% in myopia eyes and 51.6% in non-myopia eyes. The percentage of 1-year AL change ≤0.2mm in DIMS-myopic group and non-myopic group was 53.9% and 65.4%, respectively, higher than that in SV myopic group (34.7% and 42.9%, P < 0.05). The percentage of AL change > 0.4mm in DIMS-myopic group and nonmyopic group was 17.3% and 7.7%, respectively, lower than that in SV myopic group (32.7% and 28.6%, P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the change of AL and age and baseline AL in the DIMS-myopic and non-myopic groups after 1 year of lens wearing (r =-0.214,P =0.128; r =-0.111,P =0.435; r =-0.254,P =0.070; r =-0.145,P =0.306); The change of AL in SV-myopic group and non-myopic group was negatively correlated with age (r =-0.446,P =0.001; r =-0.312,P =0.029). Conclusion: DIMS lens has a good effect on myopia control and prevention in both myopia and non-myopia children with monocular myopia. Children with early pre-myopia can wear multi-point defocus lens to prevent myopia.

• Analysis of the success rate and risk factors of binocular lateral rectus recession in the treatment of basic intermittent exotropia

  周晶蓉

  Abstract:

  【Abstract】Objective: To explore the effect of bilateral lateral rectus recession in the treatment of basic intermittent exotropia, and to construct a logistic regression model to analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 104 patients with basic intermittent strabismus admitted to our hospital from October 2022 to October 2023,Patients were randomly divided into a study group of 52 cases and a control group of 52 cases using a random number ranking method. The control group received treatment with one eye retraction and one section surgery, while the study group received treatment with bilateral lateral rectus muscle retraction surgery,Compare the differences in surgical success rate, postoperative strabismus, and postoperative lateral drift between two groups, and analyze the factors affecting surgical success rate.Results:There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery (P>0.05).The strabismus in the 6m and 33cm eye positions at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery were lower than those at 1 day after surgery (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the strabismus in the 6m and 33cm eye positions between the two groups at 1, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery (P>0.05).The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that there were statistically significant differences in the timing, inter group, and interaction effects of postoperative lateral drift between the two groups (P<0.05). The lateral drift of both groups increased at 3 and 6 months after surgery compared to 1 month after surgery, and the lateral drift at 6 months after surgery was greater than that at 3 months after surgery (P<0.05). However, the lateral drift of the study group at 3 and 6 months after surgery was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that near stereo vision, far stereo vision, and recent postoperative far eye position (0~+10) ° were protective factors affecting surgical success (P<0.05).Conclusion:Bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery has a good success rate in treating basic intermittent exotropia and can effectively reduce the postoperative exotropic deviation, with good long-term stability. Near stereopsis, distance stereopsis, and postoperative recent far eye position (0~+10) are factors influencing surgical success.

• Advances in the study of the role of ketone body metabolism in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

  LiJiaXin, ZhangYuanYuan, ShaoYan

  Abstract:

  Ketone body metabolism plays a significant role in the development and progression of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). Previous research has established a close relationship between dyslipidemia and DR progression. Ketone bodies, comprising β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and acetone, are metabolic products generated from fat breakdown when glucose metabolism is impaired. Studies have revealed that ketone body metabolism is intricately linked to multiple pathophysiological processes in DR, including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and neurodegeneration within retinal cells. This article provides a review exploring the impact of ketone body metabolism on the pathogenesis of DR.

• Changes in the levels of microRNA-34a and microRNA-29b in age-related cataract lens epithelial cells and their clinical significance

  Zheng Ling

  Abstract:

  Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of miR-34a and miR-29b levels in lens epithelial cells of age-related cataracts (ARC). Methods Sixty-five age-related cataract patients (study group) and fifty-three cases of clear lens anterior capsulorhexis (control group) who visited our hospital from February 2023 to February 2024 were gathered. Pearson was applied to test the correlation between miR-34a and miR-29b. Multiple factor logistic regression equation was applied to determine the factors affecting the occurrence of ARC. Results Compared with the expression levels of miR-34a and miR-29b in lens epithelial cells of control group, the expression levels of miR-34a and miR-29b in lens epithelial cells of research group showed a great decrease trend (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between miR-34a and miR-29b in the lens epithelial cells of ARC patients, with r=0.472 (P<0.05). The proportion of research group with a history of hypertension was greatly higher than that of control group. MiR-34a, and miR-29b were protective factors for ARC (P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of miR-34a and miR-29b in lens epithelial cells of ARC patients are greatly lower than those in lens epithelial cells of patients without cataracts. MiR-34a and miR-29b are associated with the development of ARC.

• Exploring the efficacy and safety of RLRL combined with visual training in the treatment of adolescent myopia based on vision and tear film function

  Gao Yanjun, YE Cunxi

  Abstract:

  Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of repeated low-energy red light irradiation (RLRL) combined with visual training for the treatment of adolescent myopia based on vision and tear film function. Methods A total of 104 adolescent myopic patients (208 eyes) from The second hospital of Hebei medical university. from January 2022 to July 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups by random number table method, with 52 cases (104 eyes) in the control group and 52 cases (104 eyes) in the study group. Both groups were treated with orthokeratology lenses, while the control group received visual training and the study group received RLRL treatment on top of visual training. Follow-up for 1 year. The improvement of vision, changes in the choroid, tear film function, adverse events, and visual acuity growth after 1 year were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results The uncorrected visual acuity and axial length in the treatment group at 6 months and 1 year were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The thickness of the choroid under the center recess and the density of choroidal capillary blood flow were higher in the study group than in the control group at 6 months and 1 year of treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), the thickness of the lipid layer of the tear film and the time of tear film rupture in the two groups at different time points were not statistically significant when compared between the two groups (P>0.05), and the incidence of adverse events during the treatment period of the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). After 1 year of treatment and 2 weeks of removing the orthokeratology lens, there was no significant difference in the uncorrected visual acuity between the study group and the control group before treatment (P>0.05). The naked visual acuity of the control group increased compared with that before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion RLRL combined with visual training can effectively improve the choroid, control the growth of the axial length, effectively correct the vision of the cornea, and does not affect the tear film function, with high safety.

• Mechanisms and Research Progress of Ferroptosis in Glaucoma

  xufeiyang, xufan

  Abstract:

  Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated iron metabolism, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.This review systematically summarizes the fundamental mechanisms of ferroptosis, the involvement of oxidative stress and ferroptosis in glaucoma, the relationship between ferroptosis and glaucomatous neurodegeneration, and the potential therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis in glaucoma.Studies have shown that ferroptosis-regulating factors play a crucial role in mitigating oxidative damage and preserving cellular function.However, the complexity of their regulatory mechanisms not only hinders a comprehensive understanding of their roles but also impedes clinical translation.Although ferroptosis inhibitors have demonstrated promising neuroprotective effects in animal models, their clinical application remains challenged by issues such as drug safety and target specificity. Therefore, the development of more targeted and low-toxicity therapeutic strategies is essential to advance personalized and precise treatment for glaucoma.

• Artificial Intelligence in Retinal Diseases：Research and Prospects

  LUOYI

  Abstract:

  Retinal diseases (mainly include retinal vascular diseases, extraretinal diseases such as outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium and subchoroidal diseases) are the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, that affect human health and quality of life severely. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology, especially the applications of deep learning model are widespread. Innovations and new tools such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Transformer architectures, show outstanding application value in early diagnosis, precise treatment, training and learning of ophthalmic diseases. Besides this, multimodal fusion models provides new ideas and tools for full-cycle management of ophthalmic diseases and related systemic diseases. This review aims to explore the application of AI or deep learning in the diagnosis of retinal diseases, and to discuss the current research status, progress, challenges and developments in future.

• The Role of the High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy

  Liu Jingnan, Wu Hanyu, Chen Xiaosi, Zeng Yiyun, Pi Linghui, Zhang Xinyuan

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate the role of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted involving 187 T2DM patients (187 eyes) who attended at Beijing Tongren Hospital from June 2017 to October 2024. Patients were categorized into three groups: the diabetes mellitus (DM) group, non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group, and proliferative DR (PDR) group. Baseline information was collected, including age, sex, duration of DM, and duration of hypertension. All patients underwent fasting biochemical tests and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariable logistic regression identified hsCRP as a significant risk factor for DR (OR=2.67, 95% CI 1.19-5.96, P=0.017). A positive correlation was observed between hsCRP and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P=0.004) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (P=0.048) by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis. CONCLUSION: Serum hsCRP is positively correlated with FBG and HbA1c and can serve as an important predictor of the severity of DR.

• Clinical analysis of 112 cases of giant papillary conjunctivitis in contact lenses wearers

  Rui-Bo Zhao, Jian-Jun Li

  Abstract: (17271) HTML (0) PDF (225.96 KKB) (1797)

  Abstract:

  AIM:To investigate giant papillary conjunctivitis patients who can not be divorced from contact lenses change to frequent replacement type contact lenses and rigid gas permeable contact lenses and observe the condition of giant papillary conjunctivitis with or without changes.And to investigate the efficacy of desensitizing agents at the same time.METHODS:Totally 112 cases(208 eyes) who were diagnosed with giant papillary conjunctivitis in our center were randomly divided into four groups:Group 1(Ⅰ group) of 68 eyes were treated with frequent replacement type contact lenses combined with mingmuqing eye drops;Group 2(Ⅱ group)of 56 eyes were treated with frequent replacement type contact lenses combined with desensitizer eye drops;Group 3(Ⅲ group) of 52 eyes were treated with rigid gas permeable contact lenses combined with mingmuqing eye drops;Group 4(Ⅳ group)of 32 eyes were treated with rigid gas permeable contact lenses combined with desensitizer eye drops.RESULTS:Condition of giant papillary conjunctivitis patients in all the 4 groups were significantly improved,data of 4 groups were no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The giant papillary conjunctivitis caused by contact lenses wearing can get effective control and cure of the disease without affecting wearing of contact lenses if the replacement of rigid gas permeable contact lenses or frequent replacement type contact lenses can be introduced timely.

  • 1
• Effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on intraocular inflammatory cytokine levels in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

  Jin-Xiu Luo, Zi-Zhong Hu, Qing-Huai Liu, Yuan Fang

  Abstract: (16735) HTML (0) PDF (537.47 KKB) (1330)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To explore the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)agents(Conbercept)before pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)on inflammatory cytokine levels of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).

  METHODS: A total of 49 patients(49 eyes)who diagnosed with PDR at the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from June 2017 to January 2018 were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. A total of 25 cases(25 eyes)who did not receive intravitreal injection before PPV were included in no-intravitreal injection of Conbercept(IVC)group, and 24 cases(24 eyes)who received IVC 5～7d before PPV were included in IVC group. The vitreous samples were collected from all the patients at the start of PPV. Levels of VEGF-A, monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1)and inflammatory cytokines in the vitreous humor were measured using Luminex technology.

  RESULTS: Compared with the no-IVC group, the level of VEGF-A decreased significantly(P<0.001), the concentration of IL-6(P=0.004), IL-8(P=0.002), IL-18(P=0.04)and TNF-α(P=0.03)increased remarkably in the IVC group. The other inflammatory cytokines in the vitreous humor showed no significant difference between the IVC and no-IVC groups.

  CONCLUSION: IVC before PPV can effectively decrease the concentration of VEGF-A, but had limited influence on the level of inflammatory cytokines in the vitreous humor of patients with PDR.

  • 1
• Selection of intraocular lens calculation formula for cataract surgery in glaucoma patients

  He-Lin Zhu, Jian Zhang, Hong Yan

  Abstract: (15428) HTML (0) PDF (465.56 KKB) (1287)

  Abstract:

  Glaucoma and cataracts are the leading causes of blindness, and surgery is an important treatment option. Patients with glaucoma have clinical characteristics such as high intraocular pressure, shallow anterior chamber and short axial length, and the ocular structure is often altered after anti-glaucoma surgery like trabeculectomy. These changes also lead to differences in the accuracy of intraocular lens(IOL)refractive calculation between cataract surgery after anti-glaucoma surgery or combined glaucoma and cataract surgery and alone cataract surgery. Meanwhile glaucoma patients' individual clinical characteristics and structural changes caused by anti-glaucoma surgery have shown differences in the impact on the predictive accuracy of IOL diopters and the type of refractive drift. This article reviews the latest research advances in the causes of refractive error(RE), the characteristics of refractive drift, and the selection of the most appropriate IOL formula for glaucoma patients undergoing cataract surgery or cataract surgery after anti-glaucoma surgery or combined glaucoma and cataract surgery.

  • 1
• Current situation and prospect of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in childhood glaucoma

  Xiao-Jie Zhou, Ren-Yi Wu

  Abstract: (12885) HTML (0) PDF (480.93 KKB) (1604)

  Abstract:

  Childhood glaucoma is a kind of refractory glaucoma. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery(MIGS)provides a safe and effective treatment option for childhood glaucoma. Most of the published studies tend to be with circumferential ab interno trabeculotomy, showing that its safety and effectiveness in the treatment of childhood glaucoma are comparable to non-MIGS circumferential ab externo trabeculotomy. Studies on KDB, trabectome and Xen-gel stent are relatively limited, but they may have advantages in some specific cases. While considering the advantages of each MIGs operation, it is also necessary to weigh the long-term effect of each operation method. In addition, more prospective and comparative researches, larger sample size and longer follow-up time are needed to verify the safety and effectiveness of MIGs in the treatment of childhood glaucoma.

  • 1
• Clinical efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens implantation

  Lei Guo, Xian-Jun Liang, Xi-Qiao Zhang, Yan-Xue Xu, Ying-Jie Lin

  Abstract: (12807) HTML (0) PDF (551.33 KKB) (1286)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens implantation.

  METHODS:The retrospective study enrolled 22 cases(26 eyes)of cataract patients who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens implantation from August 2020 to August 2021. Follow-up to 3mo after surgery, the changes of far, intermediate and near visual acuity, aberration, Strehl ratio(SR)and modulation transfer function cutoff(MTF-cutoff)frequency were compared. Defocus curve at 1mo postoperatively was made, and the visual quality and satisfaction were evaluated after 3mo of surgery.

  RESULTS: The visual acuity of all patients was better than 0.1(LogMAR)at the far, intermediate and near distance at 1d, 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively, and it was significantly improved compared with those before surgery(all P<0.01). The defocus curve transitioned smoothly between +0.5 and -3.0D at 1mo after surgery, and visual acuity was better than 0.63. The total aberration and spherical aberration in the whole eye were significantly lower after surgery than before, and the SR and MTF-cutoff were significantly improved at 1d and 1wk after surgery(all P<0.05). With high satisfaction and good visual quality, patients could watch at far, intermediate and near distance without wearing glasses at 3mo after surgery.

  CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens implantation gave patients a comfortable and satisfactory full-course vision.

  • 1
• Pars plana vitrectomy combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique for treating macular hole retinal detachment in high myopia

  Wen-Kui Zhu, Wen-Shuai Li, Pei-Shan Xu

  Abstract: (12175) HTML (0) PDF (435.98 KKB) (1260)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique in the treatment of macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD)in high myopia.

  METHODS: A retrospective clinical study was conducted. A total of 63 patients(64 eyes)with high myopia and MHRD who treated at our hospital from October 2017 to October 2021 were selected as research subjects. They were divided into two groups according to different surgery, with 34 cases(35 eyes)who received PPV combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique in group A, and 29 cases(29 eyes)received PPV combined with internal limiting membrane peeling in group B. The patients were followed up for 6mo. The two groups were compared in terms of the hole closure rate, the reduction rate of retinal detachment and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)before operation and at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after operation, and the postoperative complications were recorded.

  RESULTS: The hole closure rate within 6mo after operation was significantly higher in group A than in group B(P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the reduction rate of retinal detachment(P>0.05). The BCVA of the two groups was significantly improved over time after operation(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA between the two groups before operation and at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after operation(P>0.05). Complications were observed in the two groups, but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P<0.05).

  CONCLUSION: PPV combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique is safe and effective in the treatment of MHRD in high myopia, which can effectively improve the patients' BCVA and the hole closure rate without influence on intraocular pressure.

  • 1
• Risk factors associated with neovascular glaucoma after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

  Xue Zu, Guang-Zheng Dai, Tie-Zhu Lin

  Abstract: (11941) HTML (0) PDF (1.96 MKB) (1397)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate the risk factors associated with neovascular glaucoma(NVG)after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).

  METHODS: The PDR patients who received 23G PPV treatment at Shenyang He Eye Specialist Hospital from October 2015 to September 2020 and were followed up for at least 12mo with complete data were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of NVG during follow-up. The preoperative and intraoperative variables between two groups were compared. The cumulative hazard ratio for NVG was evaluated.

  RESULTS: A total of 151 PDR patients(169 eyes)with a mean follow-up of 18.07±12.55(1～79)mo were included, of which 30(17.8%)eyes developed NVG, the mean time of occurrence was 6.27±4.01(1～17)mo, and 50%(15 eyes)of NVG occurred within 5mo after vitrectomy. The cumulative hazard ratios of NVG at postoperative 3, 6 and 12mo were 4.8%, 12.6% and 18.1%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative best corrected visual acuity(OR=3.077, 95%CI: 1.203～7.869, P=0.019), preoperative iris rubeosis(OR=7.897, 95%CI: 1.313～47.498, P=0.024), and contralateral NVG(OR=22.108, 95%CI: 1.562～312.861, P=0.022)were risk factors with the occurrence of NVG, while the number of intraoperative retinal laser photocoagulation(OR=0.772, 95%CI: 0.666～0.893, P=0.001)was the protective factor with the occurrence of NVG.

  CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of NVG in PDR eyes after PPV was 17.8%, of which 50% occurred within 5mo after surgery. PDR eyes with poor baseline visual acuity, iris rubeosis, and contralateral NVG are prone to postoperative NVG, and sufficient intraoperative retinal laser photocoagulation has a certain protective effect. PDR eyes after PPV should be closely followed up for 1a.

  • 1
• Expression of CTRP9 in serum of patients with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema

  Hai-Xia Jing, Shu Zhang, Hui-Ling Bai, Qin Liu, Xiao-Yan Zhu

  Abstract: (11833) HTML (0) PDF (498.90 KKB) (1348)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate the expression and correlation of C1q/tumor necrosis factor related protein 9(CTRP9)levels in the serum of patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy(DR)and diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS: A total of 135 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to Gansu Provincial Hospital from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the experimental group. According to the results of non-mydriatic fundus photography, they were divided into non-DR(NDR)group(n=45), non-proliferative DR(NPDR)group(n=45), proliferative DR(PDR)group(n=45); according to the results of optical coherence tomography, DR patients were divided into DME group(n=51), non-DME group(n=39). In addition, other 45 healthy subjects who matched the age and sex of the experimental group were selected as normal control group. The clinical data and biochemical index test results of subjects in each group were recorded and compared, the correlation between serum CTRP9 level and other biochemical indexes was analyzed, and the risk factors affecting the occurrence of DR and DME were explored.RESULTS: There were significant differences in serum CTRP9 levels among subjects in normal control group, NDR group, NPDR group and PDR group(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001), and normal control group &#x0026;#x003E; NDR group &#x0026;#x003E; NPDR group &#x0026;#x003E; PDR group. There was significant difference in serum CTRP9 level between DME group and non-DME group(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001), and non-DME group &#x0026;#x003E; DME group. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the level of serum CTRP9 in DR patients was negatively correlated with the course of diabetes(rs=-0.251, P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05), the level of serum CTRP9 in DME patients was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose(FBG)(rs=-0.370, P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)(rs=-0.421, P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the course of diabetes(OR=1.194, 95%CI: 1.068～1.335,P=0.002)and the level of serum CTRP9(OR=0.936, 95%CI: 0.907～0.966,P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001)were risk factors for DR. The level of serum CTRP9 was a risk factor affecting the occurrence of DME(OR=0.838, 95%CI: 0.778～0.903, P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001).CONCLUSION: The reduction of CTRP9 level is a risk factor for the occurrence of DR and DME, which may be of great significance to the risk assessment of both DR and DME.

  • 1
• Surgery management and progress of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy associated retinal detachment

  Zi-Wei Zhao, Jie Peng, Pei-Quan Zhao

  Abstract: (11308) HTML (0) PDF (475.18 KKB) (1419)

  Abstract:

  Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy(FEVR)is a hereditary disorder of retinal angiogenesis, of which the most typical clinical feature is the peripheral avascular area. The progression of the disease can lead to retinal detachment(RD), followed by secondary complications such as cataracts, glaucoma, corneal opacification, and even bulbi phthisis. As one of the main reasons for the RD in Asian children and juvenile, FEVR-associated retinal detachment(FEVR-RD)is mainly treated by surgery, including pars plana vitrectomy, scleral bucking, and combined with retinal photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial grouth factor(VEGF)sometimes. The surgery of FEVR-RD requires careful pre/intra-operative evaluation to determine the best surgical procedure and its outcome, including the nature of the affected eye, the stage, the fibrosis of fiber proliferation and the anterior complications, and the anatomy and prognosis of eyes in different stages vary greatly. Adult patients with rhegmatogenous RD have a higher rate of post-operative retina reattachment compared to young patients with tractional RD. In young or advanced patients, surgery is difficult and the prognosis is less optimistic, thus the surgery strategy is controversial. This article reviews the surgical outcomes and progress of FEVR-associated RD.

  • 1
• Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract phacoemulsification combined with Toric intraocular lenses implantation in correction of high myopia cataract and corneal astigmatism

  Wei Fan, Guang-Bin Zhang

  Abstract: (9998) HTML (0) PDF (433.14 KKB) (1286)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To measure the indexes including postoperative distance, middle, near visual acuity and near stereopsis vision of patients with high myopia cataract and corneal astigmatism by femtosecond laser, which can quantify the diameter of capsulorhexis opening, and to evaluate the availability and necessity of Toric intraocular lenses(IOL)in high myopia.

  METHODS: Prospective case-control study. Patients with binocular high myopia cataract and corneal astigmatism who undergone femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in our hospital were selected, and they were divided into two groups, with 20 cases(40 eyes)in group A(Toric IOL)and 20 cases(40 eyes)in group B(IQ IOL). Indexes, including preoperative corneal astigmatism and spherical equivalent and best-corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected middle visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, residual refractive astigmatism, near stereopsis acuity, total high-order aberration and total spherical aberration, were measured postoperatively at 7d, 1 and 3mo.

  RESULTS: The uncorrected middle and near visual acuity, Titmus near stereopsis acuity and residual astigmatism at 7d, 1 and 3mo after surgery were significantly improved in the Toric IOL group than the non-Toric group(all P<0.05). The dependence on glasses was reduced. The postoperative best-corrected distance visual acuity, total high-order aberration and total spherical aberration of the two groups showed no statistically significant differences(all P>0.05).

  CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of Toric IOL in patients with high myopia cataract and corneal astigmatism can effectively correct corneal astigmatism, improve postoperative uncorrected middle and near visual acuity and near stereopsis visual function, reduce postoperative dependence on glasses and enhance binocular stereopsis visual function.

  • 1
• Application value of new assistive technology in keratopathy-associated cataract surgery

  Zhen-Bo Zhao, Li-Wei Ma, Kai-Li Tang, Yu-Xi Ding, Dong Han, Jing Wang

  Abstract: (9793) HTML (0) PDF (493.57 KKB) (1623)

  Abstract:

  Keratopathy-associated cataract, that is, on the basis of corneal disease, and later the development of lens opacity, seriously damage visual quality. In order to avoid corneal transplantation for some patients, partial visual quality can be restored. A comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the effect of corneal opacity on visual function is of great improtance for determining cataract surgery alone. Due to the opacity of the cornea, the operation is very difficult and challenging. Therefore, it is of clinical value to develop and use new assistive technologies, including capsule staining, endoillumination, pupil dialation technology, femtosecond laser assisted technology, etc., avoiding problems such as limited visibility and decreased light flow caused by corneal opacity and facilitating cataract surgery. This article reviews progress of assistive technologies for keratopathy-associated cataract, hoping to guide clinical application.

  • 1
• Research progress on optical coherence tomography imaging indicators of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion

  Mei Sun, Xiao-Feng Hao, Li-Ke Xie, Qi Jin

  Abstract: (8929) HTML (0) PDF (470.25 KKB) (1405)

  Abstract:

  Retinal vein occlusion(RVO)is the second most common cause of visual loss classified under retinal vascular disorders after diabetic retinopathy, and its complication, macular edema(ME), is the leading cause of vision loss. Currently, the first-line treatment for RVO-ME is the intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, which can improve retinal morphology and patients' vision. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)can clearly image retinal structures, and some specific imaging features found by OCT have become biomarkers for evaluating the prognosis of RVO patients. The recent findings of biomarkers are reviewed, such as central retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, disorganization of retinal inner layers, hyperreflective foci, integrity of external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone, central macular volume, prominent middle limiting membrane, paracentral acute middle maculopathy, highly reflective line, to provide references for selecting the best treatment for RVO.

  • 1
• Recent advances in treatment of retinitis pigmentosa

  Ming Ai, Ming Sun, Dai Li

  Abstract: (8802) HTML (0) PDF (412.02 KKB) (1834)

  Abstract:

  Retinitis pigmentosa(RP) is a group of inherited retinal disorders characterized by the progressive photoreceptor and pigment epithelial cells dysfunction.It is the common cause of blindness in the whole worldwide.Until now it is not clear about its exact pathogenesis and etiology,so effective treatments are still little.This paper looks back on lots of the recent domestic and abroad related documents,eapecially abroad,and then reviews research advances in treatment of RP.

  • 1
• Applicability comparison between Chinese dry eye questionnaire and ocular surface disease index questionnaire among college students

  Ruo-Jun Geng, Jing-Jing Wei, Kai-Li Yang, Shao-Pei Wang, Sheng-Wei Ren

  Abstract: (8781) HTML (0) PDF (1.17 MKB) (1646)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To evaluate the applicability of Chinese dry eye questionnaire in college students using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire as a reference.

  METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 711 college students from Nanyang Medical College were enrolled in the study and assessed for dry eye condition using OSDI questionnaire and Chinese dry eye questionnaire. The response rate of each question in the two questionnaires was counted. Cronbach α was calculated to evaluate the internal consistency of both questionnaires. Correlation between the total scores of the two questionnaires was analyzed to evaluate the criterion validity. Based on OSDI scores, the discriminant validity of Chinese dry eye questionnaire was evaluated; receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves was plotted for Chinese dry eye questionnaire scores, area under the ROC curve(AUC)was calculated, and diagnostic thresholds and corresponding sensitivity and specificity were also analyzed.

  RESULT: The response rates of the 12 questions on the OSDI questionnaire were 33.2%-100.0%, while it was 100.0% for each question on the Chinese dry eye questionnaire. The Cronbach α values of OSDI questionnaire and Chinese dry eye questionnaire were 0.905 and 0.789, respectively. The Chinese dry eye questionnaire score was positively correlated with the OSDI score(r_s=0.712, P<0.001). According to OSDI questionnaire scores, dry eye severity was divided into normal group, mild dry eye group, moderate dry eye group and severe dry eye group. The scores of Chinese dry eye questionnaire in these groups were 4.00(2.00, 6.00), 9.00(7.00, 11.00), 12.00(9.00, 14.00)and 16.00(13.50, 22.00), respectively, which increased with the severity of dry eye, and the overall difference was statistically significant(P<0.001), as well as pairwise comparison between groups(P<0.05). The AUCs of Chinese dry eye questionnaire in distinguishing normal population from dry eye population, mild dry eye from moderate dry eye, moderate dry eye from severe dry eye were 0.862, 0.661 and 0.769, respectively, and the diagnostic thresholds were 6.5, 11.5 and 14.5, respectively.

  CONCLUSION:Chinese dry eye questionnaire has an equivalent reliability, validity, discriminant ability and better response rate for dry eye screening and epidemiological survey among college students in China compared with OSDI questionnaire.

  • 1
• Diquafosol sodium combined with intense pulsed light in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye after corneal refractive surgery

  Mei-Mei Zhang, Shen Wang, Jing Zhang, Chen Li, Shan-Shan Ge, Jia Yu, Yue-Hua Zhou

  Abstract: (8710) HTML (0) PDF (1.47 MKB) (1641)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of the diquafosol sodium combined with intense pulsed light(IPL)on meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)dry eye after refractive surgery.

  METHODS:A total of 64 patients(128 eyes)with MGD dry eye diagnosed within 6mo after laser corneal refractive surgery in our hospital from March 2021 to December 2021 were selected. They were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. A total of 33 patients(66 eyes)in the control group were treated with sodium hyaluronate combined with IPL, and 31 patients(62 eyes)in the experimental group were treated with diquafosol sodium combined with IPL. Ocular symptom scores were performed before each IPL treatment in both groups to examine non-invasive tear breakup time(NIBUT), tear meniscus height, lipid layer grade of tear film, meibomian gland deletion rate and uncorrected visual acuity.

  RESULTS:After IPL treatment, ocular symptom scores and meibomian gland deletion rate score of two groups were decreased continuously. NIBUT, tear meniscus height and lipid layer grade of tear film were increased continuously, and there was no significant change in uncorrected visual acuity. NIBUT of patients in the experimental group was better than that in the control group before the third IPL treatment(6.24±0.27s vs. 5.51±0.24s, P=0.046).

  CONCLUSIONS:Both diquafosol sodium and sodium hyaluronate combined with IPL showed good therapeutic effect on MGD dry eye, but there was no significant difference in the short-term efficacy between the two groups.

  • 1
• Evaluation of macular microvasculature alterations in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography

  Feng-Tao Ji, Hui Wang, Ke Wei, Yong-Rong Li, Wei Dai, Zhi-Min Wang, Rong-Feng Liao

  Abstract: (8679) HTML (0) PDF (936.23 KKB) (1519)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate the changes in retinal and choroidal blood flow after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).

  METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 patients(35 eyes)who were diagnosed as monocular PDR and received 23GPPV in ophthalmology department of the Second People's Hospital of Hefei between September 2020 and July 2022. All eyes underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)examination. Retinal and choroidal vascular parameters within 3mm×3mm of macular zone were measured by built-in analyzer, and its correlation with postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was analyzed.

  RESULTS: The follow-up was 1～22(average 9.72±6.67)mo. At the last follow-up, flow area(FA)of intermediate capillary plexus(ICP)layer in paranasal foveal region was significantly reduced in PPV eyes(0.31±0.06mm²)compared with contralateral eyes(0.38±0.05mm²), and FA of deep capillary plexus(DCP)in temporal foveal region was significantly lower in PPV eyes(0.19±0.08mm²)than contralateral eyes(0.27±0.07mm²; all P<0.05). Choroidal vascularity index(CVI)were lower in PPV eyes than contralateral eyes in parafoveal subregions except temporal region(P<0.05). After PPV, BCVA had a certain correlation with the density and FA of middle and deep retinal vessels.

  CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with severe PDR may be prone to having a decrease in the DCP and parafoveal choroidal perfusion in the parafoveal regions after PPV than contralateral eyes.

  • 1
• Relationship among fasting plasma glacose coefficient of variation and macular morphology and microcirculation in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy

  Shu-Ying Fu, Yan-Min Dong

  Abstract: (8674) HTML (0) PDF (1.78 MKB) (1271)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate the relationship among the fasting plasma glucose coefficient of variation(FPG-CV)and macular morphology and microcirculation in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR).

  METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 82 cases(82 eyes)with NPDR admitted to our hospital from February 2018 to June 2022 was the research object, and another 82 cases(82 eyes)of non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR)patients during the same period were selected as the control group, and the clinical data of the two groups of patients were analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the incidence of NPDR, and the back propagation(BP)neural network model was established and evaluated. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation among FPG-CV and macular morphology and microcirculation in patients.

  RESULTS: The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the disease duration ≥7.2a, glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)≥7.7%, triglyceride(TG)≥1.9 mmol/L, microalbuminuria(MALB)≥24.5 mg/L, FPG-CV ≥9.8%, superficial capillary plexus-vessel density(SCP-VD)<27.6%, deep capillary plexus-vessel density(DCP-VD)<47.7%, foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area ≥0.38 mm², central retinal thickness(CRT)≥197.7 μm and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)<227.7 μm were risk factors for NPDR(P<0.05). The number of hidden layer nodes is 5, and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve, calibration curve and clinical decision curve show that the prediction model has good discrimination, accuracy and validity. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that FPG-CV was negatively correlated with SCP-VD, DCP-VD and SFCT(P<0.05); FPG-CV was positively correlated with FAZ area and CRT(P<0.05).

  CONCLUSION: The course of disease, HbA1c, TG, MALB, FPG-CV, SCP-VD, DCP-VD, FAZ area, CRT and SFCT are all related to the pathogenesis of NPDR. With the increase of FPG-CV, the indexes of macular morphology and microcirculation changed. FPG-CV was negatively correlated with SCP-VD, DCP-VD and SFCT and positively correlated with FAZ area and CRT.

  • 1
• Suture guided gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy combined with phacoemulsification in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma

  Shan Zhong, Hui Yang, Shi He, Wen-Jing He

  Abstract: (8659) HTML (0) PDF (467.79 KKB) (1476)

  Abstract:

  AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of suture-guided gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy(GATT)combined with phacoemulsification in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).

  METHODS: A total of 84 patients(84 eyes)with POAG and cataract who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2021 to July 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. There were 43 cases(43 eyes)in the combined group who underwent suture-guided GATT combined with phacoemulsification, and 41 cases(41 eyes)in the simple group who underwent suture-guided GATT. The two groups were followed up for 3mo to compare the surgical success rate, intraocular pressure, topical intraocular pressure-lowering drugs, visual acuity and postoperative complications.

  RESULTS: There was no significant difference in overall success rate between the combination and simple groups at 3 mo after surgery(88% vs. 85%, P>0.05). The intraocular pressure levels and topical intraocular pressure-lowering drugs at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery in the two groups were significantly lower than those before surgery(all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups(all P>0.05). The visual acuity at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery of patients in the combined group was significantly better than that in the simple group(P<0.01). During the follow-up period, the incidence of anterior chamber hemorrhage and transient hypertension in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the simple group(P<0.05).

  CONCLUSION: Both suture-guided GATT combined with cataract phacoemulsification and suture-guided GATT are effective treatment for POAG, however, suture-guided GATT combined with phacoemulsification has a lower incidence of anterior chamber hemorrhage and transient ocular hypertension.

  • 1
• Research advances in contact lens associated bacterial keratitis

  Yu-Lin Yan, Yan-Ning Yang, Shan-Shan Wan

  Abstract: (8586) HTML (0) PDF (512.03 KKB) (1492)

  Abstract:

  Contact lens(CL)is currently one of the most common methods of vision correction, with more than 140 million users worldwide and the demand is rising yearly as constantly development of materials and features. Wearing CL can lead to a variety of complications such as dry eye, corneal abrasions, giant papillary conjunctivitis, and infectious keratitis is one of the most severe complications. According to research, bacteria account for 80%～95% of the pathogens that cause CL-associated infective keratitis, it may have been related to the bacterial composition, virulence mechanism, biofilm formation and the combined effect of the lens itself and the process of use, which is prone to introducing pathogens, reducing antimicrobial capacity of the cornea and tears and causing ocular surface hypoxia and ocular surface inflammation. Overnight and prolonged lens wear, irregular lens purchase, use and care procedures can also be risk factors for bacterial infections. This article reviews the studies on the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CL-related bacterial keratitis.

  • 1
• Research progress on corneal nerves and substance P in viral keratitis

  Yi Mu, Hong Zhang

  Abstract: (8529) HTML (0) PDF (490.87 KKB) (1254)

  Abstract:

  Diseases like viral keratitis can harm corneal nerves, which are necessary for maintaining the health and functionality of the cornea. Recent research has shown that corneal nerve pathology affects the infected eye as well as the contralateral one, and that aberrant changes in sympathetic nerves can be seen, with the exception of sensory nerves that correspond to corneal sensation. However, apart from in vivo confocal microscopy and corneal sensation, there have been no additional prognostic indicators that allow clinicians to assess the severity of corneal nerve damage. While multiple functions of corneal nerves are mediated by neuropeptides, substance P, the first topical neuropeptide used in ocular clinical practice, was proved to regulate the process of viral infections, and it is involved in bilateral corneal pathologies through pro-inflammatory and neurotrophic functions in viral keratitis, so it may be used as a diagnostic biomarker or a therapeutic target. Therefore, this review summarized the changes and roles of corneal nerves as well as substance P in viral keratitis, which may serve as a reference for further study into associated mechanisms and clinical applications.

  • 1