The mechanisms of regeneration and protection of optic nerve, the represent of central nerves, are researched more and more profoundly and extensively in recent years. The retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) protection after injury is stopping or preventing it from apoptosis mainly. The methods include glutamic acid inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor, neurotrophic factor, gene therapy, acupuncture, traditional Chinese medicine and so on. However, there are no medicines or operations that play definite curative role in the RGCs protection after injury up to now. So the ganglion cells protection is at its exploratory research stage, which will shoulder heavy responsibilities