to comParethe anatomical and visualoutcome in Primary idioPathic macular hole surgery withor without indocyanine green (ICG) stained internal limiting membrane (ILM) Peeling. ·METHODS:the medical recordsofthe 40 consecutive eyes receiving Primary idioPathic macular hole surgery with gas as internaltamPonade Performed by a single surgeon were retrosPectively reviewed and analyzed. All eyes had a follow-uPof at least 6 months. Inthe initial 22 consecutive eyes, no ILM Peeling was Performed (non-ILM Peeling grouP).the subsequent 18 eyes underwent surgery with ICG stained ILM Peeling (ILM Peeling grouP). ·RESULTS:the Primary anatomical closure rates were 88.9% and 59.1% inthe ILM Peeling grouP and non-ILM Peeling grouP, resPectively.the difference was statistically significant (Fisher's exacttest, P =0.038). ImProvement in visual acuity was more marked inthe ILM Peeling grouPthan inthe non-ILM Peeling grouP, with a mean imProvementof 3.6 and 1.3 lines resPectively (two-tailedt -test, P =0.036).there were significantly more cases with imProvementoftwoor more linesof visual acuity after surgery, with 66.7% inthe ILM Peeling grouP and 31.8% non-ILM Peeling grouP (Chi-squaretest, P = 0.028). However,there was no significant difference inthe final PostoPerative logMAR best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) betweenthetwo grouPs (two-tailedt -test, P =0.073). ·CONCLUSION: Basedonthis study, ICG stained ILM Peeling seemsto imProvethe anatomical and visualoutcome in Primary idioPathic macular hole surgery. Further studies inthis asPect are warranted.