AIM: To determine the histopathological changes of rifampicin applied intravitreally on retinal ganglion cells by means of stereological and histopathological methods.METHODS: For this study twenty-four New Zealand adult rabbits were divided into four groups (n=6 for each group). 50μg/0.1mL (group 1), 100μg/0.1mL (group 2), 150μg/0.1mL (group 3) and 200μg/0.1mL (group 4), rifampicin were injected into the vitreous of the right eyes of animals, their left eyes were used as control (group 5). After the 28^th day of application, animals were anesthetised with xylazine (8mg/kg, IM) and then their eyes were enucleated immediately. Patterns were taken away and eyes were prepared for both stereological and electromicroscopic observation.RESULTS: Depending on the high dose of rifampicin, some histopathological changes such as cytoplasmic dilatation and damaged membrane were observed on the electromicroscopic level. Using quantitative examination, which was done at the light microscopic level, it was shown that the number of neurons decreased linearly as rifampicin dose increased when compared with the control group.CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, low-dose rifampicin (50μg/0.1mL) may be useful for treatment of the ocular diseases.