Home > Archive>Volume 15, Issue 5, 2022 >820-827. DOI:10.18240/ijo.2022.05.20
HTML XML Export Cite reminder
Inflammation and dry eye disease—where are we?
Author:
Corresponding Author:

Srinivas K Rao. Darshan Eye Care & Surgical Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600040, India. srinikrao@gmail.com

  • Article
    • | |
  • Metrics
    • |
  • Reference [30]
    • |
  • Related [20]
    • |
  • Cited by
    • | |
  • Comments
    Abstract:

    The presence of inflammation in dry eye disease (DED) results in increased patient symptomatology, ocular surface damage and worsening tear dysfunction. It also affects the health of meibomian glands and their secretions which further aggravates ocular surface disease. This article reviews current knowledge regarding ocular surface inflammation in DED and explores the relationships between the vicious cycles of DED, inflammation and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The clinical evaluation of eyes with such changes, markers that identify the presence of inflammation on the ocular surface and current treatment options are discussed.

    Reference
    1 The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf 2007;5(2):75-92.
    2 Gipson IK. The ocular surface: the challenge to enable and protect vision: the Friedenwald lecture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48(10):4390; 4391-4398.
    3 Schein OD, Muñoz B, Tielsch JM, Bandeen-Roche K, West S. Prevalence of dry eye among the elderly. Am J Ophthalmol 1997; 124(6):723-728.
    4 The epidemiology of dry eye disease: report of the Epidemiology Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf 2007;5(2):93-107.
    5 Nichols KK, Foulks GN, Bron AJ, Glasgow BJ, Dogru M, Tsubota K, Lemp MA, Sullivan DA. The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: executive summary. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52(4):1922-1929.
    6 Franck C, Palmvang IB. Break-up time and lissamine green epithelial damage in 'office eye syndrome'. Six-month and one-year follow-up investigations. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1993;71(1):62-64.
    7 Scott A, Khan KM, Cook JL, Duronio V. What is “inflammation”? Are we ready to move beyond Celsus ? Br J Sports Med 2004;38:248-249.
    8 Thoo L, Noti M, Krebs P. Keep calm: the intestinal barrier at the interface of peace and war. Cell Death Dis 2019;10(11):849.
    9 Jiminez JA, Uwiera TC, Douglas Inglis G, Uwiera RR. Animal models to study acute and chronic intestinal inflammation in mammals. Gut Pathog 2015;7:29.
    10 Damato BE, Allan D, Murray SB, Lee WR. Senile atrophy of the human lacrimal gland: the contribution of chronic inflammatory disease. Br J Ophthalmol 1984;68(9):674-680.
    11 de Paiva CS, Pangelinan SB, Chang E, Yoon KC, Farley WJ, Li DQ, Pflugfelder SC. Essential role for c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 in corneal epithelial response to desiccating stress. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127(12):1625-1631.
    12 Knop E, Knop N, Brewitt H. Dry eye disease as a complex dysregulation of the functional anatomy of the ocular surface. New concepts for understanding dry eye disease. Ophthalmologe 2003;100(11):917-928.
    13 Yoshida A. Lymphocytic infiltration of the conjunctiva and the salivary gland in Sjögren’s syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111(1):21.
    14 He JL, Ogawa Y, Mukai S, Saijo-Ban Y, Kamoi M, Uchino M, Yamane M, Ozawa N, Fukui M, Mori T, Okamoto S, Tsubota K. In vivo confocal microscopy evaluation of ocular surface with graft-versus-host disease-related dry eye disease. Sci Rep 2017;7(1):10720.
    15 Ban Y, Ogawa Y, Ibrahim OMA, Tatematsu Y, Kamoi M, Uchino M, Yaguchi S, Dogru M, Tsubota K. Morphologic evaluation of meibomian glands in chronic graft-versus-host disease using in vivo laser confocal microscopy. Mol Vis 2011;17:2533-2543.
    16 Tsubota K, Yokoi N, Shimazaki J, Watanabe H, Dogru M, Yamada M, Kinoshita S, Kim HM, Tchah HW, Hyon JY, Yoon KC, Seo KY, Sun XG, Chen W, Liang LY, Li MW, Liu ZG, Society ADE. New perspectives on dry eye definition and diagnosis: a consensus report by the Asia dry eye society. Ocul Surf 2017;15(1):65-76.
    17 Nakamura S, Kinoshita S, Yokoi N, Ogawa Y, Shibuya M, Nakashima H, Hisamura R, Imada T, Imagawa T, Uehara M, Shibuya I, Dogru M, Ward S, Tsubota K. Lacrimal hypofunction as a new mechanism of dry eye in visual display terminal users. PLoS One 2010;5(6):e11119.
    18 Kamoi M, Ogawa Y, Nakamura S, et al. Accumulation of secretory vesicles in the lacrimal gland epithelia is related to non-Sjögren’s type dry eye in visual display terminal users. PLoS One 2012;7(9):e43688.
    19 Kamoi M, Ogawa Y, Nakamura S, Dogru M, Nagai T, Obata H, Ito M, Kaido M, Kawakita T, Okada Y, Kawakami Y, Shimmura S, Tsubota K. Accumulation of secretory vesicles in the lacrimal gland epithelia is related to non-Sjögren’s type dry eye in visual display terminal users. PLoS One 2012;7:e43688.
    20 Stern ME, Schaumburg CS, Pflugfelder SC. Dry eye as a mucosal autoimmune disease. Int Rev Immunol 2013;32(1):19-41.
    21 de Paiva CS, Corrales RM, Villarreal AL, Farley WJ, Li DQ, Stern ME, Pflugfelder SC. Corticosteroid and doxycycline suppress MMP-9 and inflammatory cytokine expression, MAPK activation in the corneal epithelium in experimental dry eye. Exp Eye Res 2006;83(3):526-535.
    22 Yagi Y, Andoh A, Inatomi O, Tsujikawa T, Fujiyama Y. Inflammatory responses i据畤汵慣牥⁤猠畢特映慩据整⁥楲湬晥汵慫浩浮愭琱椷漠湦⹡䍩潬特渠敭慥㉢づㅲ㝳㬠㍩㙮⠠卨畵灭灡汮†ㅣ⥯㩬卯㥮⵩卣ㄠ㑳⹵㱢扥牰㹩㍴㍨⁥䡬潩獡獬愠業湹偦⹩⁢䍲祯换汬潡獳灴潳爮椠湊攠⁇楡湳⁴潲捯略汮慴牥⁲獯畬爠昲愰挰攷※椴渲昨氹愩洺洷愴琶椭漷渵⸳‮䔼祢敲‾⠲䰳漠湃摯⥲⁲㉡ぬㅥ㝳㬠㍒ㅍ⠬㔠⥤㩥㘠㙐㕡⵩㙶㙡㜠⹃㱓戬爠㹌㍩㐠⁄偑攬氠汆敡杲牬楥湹椠⁗䵊Ⱜ†午敥湮湲楩䍳ⱳ䉮攠牊湔愬戠敂楥⁲䙧Ɑ⁡䍮楳捯敮爠潊⁐䅇䘬䜠ⱐ⁦噬慵杧杦敥䅤ⱥ⁲䴠慓敃献琠牅楮⁴䅲ⱡ⁰卭捥潮牴挠楯慦†噣Ɐ䝪極慮湣湴慩捶捡慬爠敧䝢⹬⁥呴栠散⁥牬潬汳攠⁢潹映⁤湥畳瑩牣楣瑡楴潩湯愭湩摮⁤湵畣瑥牤椠瑣楯潲湮慩汦⁩獣畡灴灩汯敮洮攠湉瑮獶⁥楳湴⁩漠捏異汨慴牨⁡獬畭牯晬愠捖敩⁳搠楓獣敩愠猲攰猱⸱※丵甲琨父椩攺渳琴猹′㈭〳㈴〹㬹ㄮ㈼⡢㑲⤾㨲䔴㤠㕋㉮⹯㱰戠牅㸬㌠㕋䵯慰†华匮Ⱐ⁉奮畦婡Ɑ䙡整湩杯匠䙩Ɱ†䍤桲敹渠⁥䡹䩥Ⱐ⁤䍩桳敥湡⁳䡥夠Ⱝ†䱩畮⁦塯䡲⹭⁡䍴潩牯湮攠慯汮†慤畩瑡潧灮桯慳杴祩⁣愠湴摥⁳潴捩畮汧愠牡獤甠牴晨慥捲敡⁰楹渠晵汳慩浮浧愠瑴楨潥渠㩳⁣慩⁥湮整睩⁦灩散爠獯灮敬捩瑮楥瘠敩楦湯⁲摭牡祴⁩敯祮攮⸠⁋䕬硩灮†䕍祯敮⁢剬攠獁⁵㉧づㅮ㥨㭥ㅩ㡬㑫㩤ㄠ㈲㘰ⴲ㄰㌻㐲⸳7:627-636.
    25 Mizoguchi S, Iwanishi H, Arita R, Shirai K, Sumioka T, Kokado M, Jester JV, Saika S. Ocular surface inflammation impairs structure and function of meibomian gland. Exp Eye Res 2017;163:78-84.
    26 Baudouin C, Messmer EM, Aragona P, Geerling G, Akova YA, Benítez-del-Castillo J, Boboridis KG, Merayo-Lloves J, Rolando M, Labetoulle M. Revisiting the vicious circle of dry eye disease: a focus on the pathophysiology of meibomian gland dysfunction. Br J Ophthalmol 2016;100(3):300-306.
    27 McMonnies CW. Dry eye disease immune responses and topical therapy. Eye Vis (Lond) 2019;6:12.
    28 Rolando M, Zierhut M, Barabino S. Should we reconsider the classification of patients with dry eye disease? Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021;29(3):521-523.
    29 Yang S, Lee HJ, Kim DY, Shin S, Barabino S, Chung SH. The use of conjunctival staining to measure ocular surface inflammation in patients with dry eye. Cornea 2019;38(6):698-705.
    30 Meller D, Li DQ, Tseng SC. Regulation of collagenase, stromelysin, and gelatinase B in human conjunctival and conjunctivochalasis fibroblasts by interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41(10):2922-2929.
    31 Pleyer U, Geerling G, Schrader S, et al. If artificial tears are not enough. The importance of inflammatory processes in dry eye disease. Practical aspects of anti-inflammatory therapy of dry eye disease. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2020;237:655-658.
    32 Luo XH, Li J, Chen C, Tseng S, Liang LY. Ocular demodicosis as a potential cause of o
    Cited by
Get Citation

Srinivas K Rao, Rishi Mohan, Nikhil Gokhale,/et al.Inflammation and dry eye disease—where are we?. Int J Ophthalmol, 2022,15(5):820-827

Copy
Share
Article Metrics
  • Abstract:
  • PDF:
  • HTML:
  • Cited by:
Publication History
  • Received:January 25,2021
  • Revised:October 25,2021
  • Online: May 18,2022
You are the  Visitors
Governing Body：Department of Health, Provincial Government of Shaanxi, China
Organizer：Xi'an Medical Association of China
Address：Room 11707-08, Building 2, Unit 1, Wanda Plaza, No.8 Yanta North Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
Fax：(8629)82245172 Phone：(+8629)82245172/82210956
Email：ijopress@163.com
International Journal of Ophthalmology ® 2025 All Rights Reserved   The terms of CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 are applicable to all open access content.