Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of eicosane on glutamate and NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell injury
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Jing-Xiang Zhong. Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China. zjx85221206@163.com

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Supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (No.2018SK50208).

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    Abstract:

    AIM: To investigate the protective effects, antioxidant potential, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of eicosane on glutamate-induced cell damage and on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury in a mouse model of glaucoma. METHODS: The protective effects of eicosane on the rat R28 retinal precursor cell line were assessed using cell counting kit-8 assays and Hoechst-propidium iodide staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using the fluorescent probe 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and flow cytometry. The protective role of eicosane on NMDA-induced RGC injury in a mouse glaucoma model was determined by immunostaining of frozen sections of retina. The effects of eicosane on the metabolome of the retina in mice with NMDA-induced RGC damage were evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and untargeted metabolomics analyses. RESULTS: Eicosane treatment significantly attenuated glutamate-induced damage to R28 cells in vitro. Eicosane also protected RGCs against NMDA-induced injury in a mouse glaucoma model. Untargeted metabolomics analyses showed that eicosane increased multiple metabolites, including L-arginine and L-carnitine, in the retina. CONCLUSION: Eicosane has protective effects, antioxidant potential, and anti-inflammatory properties in an in vitro model of glutamate-induced cell damage and in an in vivo model of NMDA-induced RGC injury in mouse glaucoma through modulation of L-arginine and/or L-carnitine metabolism.

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Zhen-Kai Wu, Huan-Yu Li, You-Lin Zhu, et al. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of eicosane on glutamate and NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell injury. Int J Ophthalmol, 2024,17(4):638-645

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Publication History
  • Received:December 08,2023
  • Revised:January 18,2024
  • Adopted:
  • Online: March 26,2024
  • Published: