AIM: To evaluate if topical use of αB-crystallin mini-peptides supports corneal healing following flap surgery. METHODS: Cultured corneal cells were treated with fluorescent tagged αB-crystallin mini-peptides to assess its internalization. Cultured corneal cells pre-treated with or without the mini-peptides were exposed to H2O2 and cell viability was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Elongation of neurites of cultured trigeminal neurones was examined following treatment either with αB-crystallin mini-peptides or protein. Cultured trigeminal neurones were pre-treated either with αB-crystallin mini-peptides or crystallin protein and exposed to H2O2 and presence of beading in the dendrites and axons was assessed. Corneal flap surgery was conducted on rabbit cornea and treated topically either with αB-crystallin peptide (0.5 mg/mL thrice daily for 14d) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Corneal healing was evaluated under slit-lamp biomicroscope, mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines were assessed and the corneas were evaluated by histopathology. RESULTS: Internalization of αB-crystallin mini-peptides was ascertained by the detection of fluorescence within the corneal cells. The MTT assay revealed that treatment with αB-crystallin mini-peptide reduced cell death induced by H2O2 treatment. The mini-peptides did not influence the elongation of trigeminal neurites, but significantly (P<0.05) reduced beading in the neurites. In rabbit eye, the treated corneas showed reduced hyper-reflective zones (P<0.05) and suppression in the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Histopathological examination also revealed reduction of inflammatory response in treated corneas. CONCLUSION: The αB-crystallin mini-peptides restrict the damage to corneal cells and neurons and aids in corneal healing.