BASIC RESEARCH

LIN28A attenuates high glucose-induced retinal pigmented epithelium injury through activating SIRT1-dependent autophagy

Dan-Qing Yu, Song-Ping Yu, Jing Wu, Lina Lan, Bang-Xun Mao

Diabetic retinopathy, a grievous complication of diabetes mellitus, is a major cause of adult blindness worldwide. LIN28A has been reported to protect against diabetes mellitus and its complications. However, whether LIN28A participates into the development of diabetic retinopathy has yet not to be elucidated, which is planned to be clarified in this study. Here, ARPE-19 cells were stimulated by high glucose (HG; 30 mmol/L) for 48h to construct an in vitro diabetic retinopathy cell model. LIN28A was downregulated in ARPE-19 cells exposed to HG. LIN28A overexpression greatly inhibited HG-induced cell viability loss, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in ARPE-19 cells. Meanwhile, the repressed autophagy and SIRT1 in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells was elevated by LIN28A overexpression. In addition, additional treatment of EX527, a SIRT1 inhibitor, greatly inhibited the activated autophagy following LIN28A overexpression, and partly abolished the protective role of LIN28A against HG-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, LIN28A exerts a protective role against HG-induced cell injury through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via regulating SIRT1/autophagy, providing a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

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LIN28A通过激活SIRT1依赖性自噬减轻高糖诱导的视网膜色素上皮损伤

糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病的一种严重并发症，是全球成年人致盲的主要原因之一。据报道，LIN28A可以预防糖尿病及其并发症。但LIN28A是否参与了糖尿病视网膜病变的发生发展尚未阐明。该研究采用高糖(30 mmol/L)作用于ARPE-19细胞48h，构建体外糖尿病视网膜病变细胞模型。高糖诱导的细胞LIN28A表达下调。LIN28A过表达可显著抑制高糖导致的细胞活力下降、凋亡、氧化应激和炎症反应。同时，高糖抑制的自噬和SIRT1可被LIN28A过表达上调。此外，SIRT1抑制剂EX527显著抑制了LIN28A表达后激活的自噬，部分消除了LIN28A的保护作用。综上所述，LIN28A通过调控SIRT1/自噬抑制氧化应激、炎症反应和凋亡，对高糖诱导的细胞损伤发挥保护作用，为糖尿病视网膜病变的治疗提供了新的治疗靶点。

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CLINICAL RESEARCH

In vivo quantification of human aqueous veins by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography images

Zhi-Qi Chen, Wei Chen, Chao-Hua Deng, Jing-Min Guo, Hong Zhang, Jun-Ming Wang

This study investigated the aqueous vein in vivo by using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). This study enrolled 30 healthy participant. Images of the aqueous and conjunctival veins were captured by EDI-OCT and OCTA before and after water loading. The area, height, width, location depth and blood flow of the aqueous vein and conjunctival vein were measured by Image J software. In the static state, the area of the aqueous vein was smaller than that of the conjunctival vein. The mean blood flow density of the aqueous vein significantly less than that of the conjunctival vein. The intraocular pressure (IOP) increased at 15min after the water-drinking test, and then returned to baseline at 60min after the water-drinking test. The area of the aqueous vein decreased significantly after 45min but rose after 60min. The blood flow density of the aqueous vein decreased significantly after 30min but returned after 60min. The results shows that structure and blood flow density of the aqueous vein can be effectively evaluated by OCT and OCTA. These may become biological indicators to evaluate aqueous vein changes and aqueous outflow resistance under different interventions in glaucoma patients.

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通过深度增强成像OCT和OCT血管成像对人房水静脉的体内定量

该研究采用深度增强成像光学相干断层扫描(EDI-OCT)和光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)对人房水静脉进行体内定量研究。该研究共纳入30例健康受试者。采用EDI-OCT和OCTA采集饮水负荷试验前后房水和结膜静脉的图像。用Image J软件测量房水静脉和结膜静脉的面积、高度、宽度、位置深度和血流量。在静止状态下，房水静脉的面积小于结膜静脉的面积。房水静脉的平均血流密度明显小于结膜静脉。饮水试验后，眼压在15min后升高，60min后恢复至基线水平；房水静脉面积在45min后明显减小，60min后恢复，血流密度在30min后明显下降，60min后恢复。结果表明，OCT和OCTA可以有效地评价房水静脉的结构和血流密度。这些可能成为评价青光眼患者不同干预措施下房水静脉变化和房水外流阻力的生物学指标。

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INVESTIGATION

The prevalence of red-green color vision deficiency and its related factors in an elderly population above 60 years of age

Hassan Hashemi, Aida Shahidi, Alireza Hashemi, Alireza Jamali, Abolghasem Mortazavi, Mehdi Khabazkhoob

This study aims to determine the prevalence of red-green (RG) color vision deficiency (CVD) in an elderly population and its related factors. Totally 2164 individuals were analyzed. The prevalence of RG CVD was 3.73% and the prevalence was significantly higher in m ales than in females. Male sex and glaucoma were significantly related to RG CVD. The results show that changes in color vision occur in the elderly due to the aging process and some physiological and pathological factors. Besides, a broader and better interpretation of color vision status can be obtained in the elderly population by using a test capable of detecting yellow-blue color defects.

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60岁以上老年人红绿色觉缺陷的患病率及其相关因素

该研究旨在调查老年人群中红绿色觉缺陷的患病率及其相关因素。研究者共对2164名参与者数据进行了分析。红绿色觉缺陷的患病率为3.73%，男性患病率明显高于女性。男性和青光眼与红绿色觉缺陷显著相关。老年人的色觉变化是由于衰老过程和一些生理病理因素造成的。此外，还可检测黄蓝色缺陷的测试，以便更广泛、更好的诠释老年人群中的色觉状态。

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