Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs),sHSPs are the subunit of heat shock protein(HSP),which will express increased rapidly with a variety of stress state and take part in the protection and injury of organization. The research of sHSPs has attracted extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad. sHSPs play an important role in chaperone,collaborative immunization,inhibiting apoptosis,antigen-presenting and steroid hormone receptor. To fully recognize the mechanism of sHSPs in eye diseases can help understand the pathogenesis of eye diseases further and provide a new basis of molecular biology for the treatment of eye diseases.