AIM:To investigate the key for the prevention and treatment of preschool children with low vision. METHODS:A total of 6500 preschool eye health screenings were conducted,and the individuals of amblyopia were given a systematic treatment. RESULTS:Amblyopia prevalence was 4.38%; ametropia amblyopia 356 eyes(76.1%),strabismus amblyopia 47 eyes (10.0%),anisometropic amblyopia 65 eyes(13.9%). Amblyopia total cure rate was 98.1%,of which mild amblyopia efficiency was 100%,moderate amblyopia efficiency 96.6%,severe amblyopia efficiency 80.8%. CONCLUSION:Amblyopia in preschool children is mainly mild or moderate. The lighter the amblyopia and the earlier the treatment are,the better the therapeutic effect is.