AIM:To evaluated the key factors of the treatment for strabismus and amblyopic in preschool lhildred.METHODS:The children aged 3-7 of eighteen kinder-gartens in Yinchuan city were examined,including:sight inspection; ocular inspection; refractive inspection; diagnostic criteria. RESULTS:There were fifty-two children 78 cases whose sights were less than 0.9 in 1531 children 3062 eyes. They were amblyopic. Amblyopic prevalence rate was 3.4%. There were 27 male and 25 female. Amblyopic had no significant difference between genders. According to the National Children’s strabismus amblyopic treatment group stan-dard,amblyopic was divided into five categories; accor-ding to the degree,it was divided into slight,normal and severe degree. CONCLUSION:Amblyopic is a developmental disorder,often accompanied by strabismus,anisometropia or high refractive errors. Amblyopic and strabismus are the dangers of not only poor eyesight,but also the lack of complete three-dimensional vision,namely,the lack of the highest level necessary visual function. The efficacy of treatment of amblyopic and strabismus are closely related to the age. The younger,the better after the treatment; adults are hopeless.