AIM:To understand the construction condition of ophthalmopathy of pepole aged above 50 years,and to explore the main factors and the effective measures for the vision impact in the rural population of Xi’an area.·METHODS:According to statistical classification of diseases,1238 cases aged above the 50 years underwent the routine ocular examination from July 2009 to May 2010 in the rural population of Xi’an.The visual acuity,slit-lamp,intraocular pressure,computer optometry and ophthalmoscope were observed. ·RESULTS:Of all volunteers,the cataract were in 481 cases (38.85%),the refractive error in 347 cases (28.03%),fundus disease in 58 cases (4.68%),pterygium in 30 cases (2.42% ),glaucoma in 17 cases (1.37%),keratitis in 15 cases (1.21%),others in 27 cases (2.18%),and the healthy people were 263 cases (21.24%). ·CONCLUSION:Cataract,refractive error and fundus disease are the mainly common ophthalmopathy in rural elder people. Primary practice,ophthalmopathy extensive survey,and hygiene education are very important measures to reduce avoidable blindness.