AIM:To observe the effect of resveratrol on expression of nuclear factor-kappe B (NF-κB) and IL-6 concentration in acute ocular hypertension rabbits model.METHODS:The New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into treated group, control group and normal group. Before setting up the model of acute high intraocular pressure,the resveratrol 30mg/kg(3mL) was injected into abdominal cavity of treated group’s rabbits for 7 days, an acute ocular hypertension model of 90 mmHg (1kPa=7.5mmHg) was induced after 90 minutes’ anterior chamber infusion at the eighth day . Specimen was obtained at 24 hours after the ocular hypertension. In control group normal saline was used instead of resveratrol; For the normal group, specimen was obtained without the above treatment. The specimen was removed for microscopic examination, and the expression of NF-κB was studied by immunohistochemical examination, and blood serum was collected to detect IL-6 concentration.RESULTS:Compared with the normal group, the expression of NF-κB in retinal ganglial cells(RGC) and IL-6 concentration in treated group and control group were significantly up-regulated; Compared with the control group, the expression of NF-κB in RGC and IL-6 concentration in treated group were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:Through decreasing the expression of NF-κB and IL-6 concentration, resveratrol can reduce the RGC damages. It may play a protective role on the retina in glaucoma pathology.