AIM:To explore the expression and clinical significance of chemotactic factor receptor-5(CCR5) of dry eye syndrome patients conjunctival epithelium in Xinjiang Uygur nationality. METHODS: Thirty dry eye syndrome cases(60 eyes) in the outpatient of the first affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and thirty non-dry eye syndrome cases(60 eyes) were selected,and the conjunctival epithelial cells in dry eye syndrome and non-dry eye syndrome cases were obtained by impression cytology methods,and then immersed into the centrifugal tube with corresponding number respectively and the expression of CCR5 in conjunctival epithelium of dry eye syndrome and non-dry eye syndrome cases were detected by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Positive expression rate of CCR5 in dry eye syndrome cases was more obvious than that in non-dry eye syndrome cases(P＜0.05). Expression rate of CCR5 in dry eye syndrome cases was negatively correlated with Schirmer Ⅰ test and break-up time(BUT); however it was positively related with corneal fluorescence staining. CONCLUSION: CCR5 plays an inflammatory mediators role in dry eye syndrome mechanism and its expression level reflects the progress of dry eye syndrome.