AIM:To detect the relationship of macular retinal ganglion cell thickness with the extent of amblyopia in the highly myopic amblyopia patients. METHODS:Totally 12 patients (20 eyes) with congenital high myopia and amblyopia were measured by the 10g/L atropine mydriasis. Patientsˊ age was 3.5 to 15 years old. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) were used to measure the macular ganglion cell thickness and macular retinal thickness, and compare the correlation of the ganglion cell layer thickness ratio of the total retinal thickness with amblyopia and myopia degree of the patients. RESULTS:The study found that there was no significant correlation between myopia degree of the patients with high myopia and best-corrected visual acuity. There was a phenomenon that the higher the degree of myopia the thinner the thickness of the ganglion cell layer. CONCLUSION:Patients with congenital myopic amblyopia has the decreased proportion of ganglion cells layer in macular center thickness.