AIM: Formation of RNV is the most important pathological change in retinopathy of prematurity(ROP),but its exact procession and mechanism is not discovered. This research was carried to detect the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in rat models of ROP, in order to discuss the mechanism of ROP. METHODS: Forty new-born SD rats were classified into two groups: one was normal group and the other was hyperoxia group.The rats of hyperoxia group were bred in hyperoxia environment for 5 days from the seventh day to establishing the model. Strept avidin-biotin complex(SABC) was used to detect the level of bFGF protein, RT-PCR to detect bFGFmRNA. RESULTS:The level of bFGF protein and bFGFmRNA in the hyperoxia group were both obviously higher than the normal group,and there was statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Formation of RNV is relative to bFGF, bFGF plays a role in ROP.