AIM:To survey the effects of of vitrectomy combined with sodium hyaluronate implantation for the treatment of open angle glaucoma and to provide a reference for the reasonable choice of surgical methods.METHODS:Totally 600 cases (600 eyes) with open angle glaucoma were equally divided into two groups based on order of hospitalization. The treatment group were given vitrectomy combined with sodium hyaluronate implantation, the control group used vitrectomy combined with trabeculectomy.RESULTS:After treatment, uncorrected visual acuity of the two groups improved significantly, and the changes of the treatment group was better (P＜0.05). Intraocular pressure (IOP) of the two groups after treatment were decreased. IOP of the treatment group in each time point were better than the control group after surgery (P＜0.05). The incidence of postoperative anterior chamber Tyndall syndrome, hyphema and the hypotony-related macular degeneration compared had no significant difference (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Vitrectomy combined with sodium hyaluronate implantation for the treatment of open angle glaucoma can decrease postoperative IOP, has good visual recovery and fewer complications which should be widely applied.