Glaucoma is aneurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. Recent evidence suggests that intraocular pressure(IOP)is only one of the risk factors for glaucoma, and the disease progression continues in many patients, despite the IOP has been lowered effectively. This review summarized the latest advances in glaucoma neuroprotection, such as the pharmacological approaches, gene therapy, immunomodulators and vaccination, stem cell therapy, bioenergetics, and provided new outlook of neuroprotection therapy for glaucoma.