Human autoimmune uveitis is a group of common ocular inflammatory diseases caused by autoimmune disorder. It is considered an inflammatory response dominated by CD4⁺ T cells at present. It is well known that CD4⁺ T cells are divided into four subsets including Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells(CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells). Previous studys have focused on Th1 and Th2 cells. Recent studys indicate that Th17 cells are the main factor of induction of uveitis while Treg cells are the main factor of negative regulation of uveitis. And they both play important roles in the onset and progression of uveitis. We give a review of current research in the relationship between Th17/Treg cells with autoimmune uveitis.