方法：选取研究对象为2010/2011年期间在印度马哈拉施特拉邦一所眼科医院就诊的患者。询问并记录高度近视儿童家属成员的近视史，并统计人口信息。由验光师评估每位患者的视力和屈光状态。由眼科医生对患儿进行眼科检查，评估中央和周边视网膜变化。计算出中央及周边视网膜变性的百分比。评估视网膜改变与家族近视史性别、年龄、宗教以及近视程度的相关性。应用单因素和多因素分析。

结果：共纳入≥3.00D近视儿童499位(847眼)。检查发现150眼(17.7%，95%可信区间15.4～20.4)玻璃体视网膜退化性改变。黄斑变性、后巩膜葡萄肿及格子样变性比例分别为2.0%、4.6%和18%。眼轴大于24 mm是大于5.00D近视发生玻璃体视网膜退化性改变的显著危险因素(OR=3.88)。视觉辅助的依从性为58.4%。499位患儿中8.8%视力低于6/60，他们可借助于低视力保健。

结论：近1/5近视患者存在玻璃体视网膜变性。高度近视玻璃体视网膜变性较少有严重后果。建议应定期对近视眼进行详细的视网膜检查。

METHODS: This case series type of study was conducted during 2010-2011 at an eye hospital in Western Maharashtra, India. Children with high myopia were interviewed to record history of myopia in family members and to collect demographic information. Optometrist evaluated visual and refractive status of each eye. Ophthalmologist examined eyes of children to assess central and peripheral retinal changes. We calculated percentage proportion of eyes with central and peripheral retinal degeneration. We also reviewed the association of family history of myopia, sex, age, religion and grade of myopia with retinal changes. We performed univariate & multivariate analysis.

RESULTS: Eight hundred and forty-seven eyes of 499 children were examined with myopia of ≥ 3 D. In 150 eyes \〖17.7%(95% confidence interval 15.4-20.4)\〗, we found vitreo-retinal degenerative changes. The rate of macular degeneration, posterior scleral staphyloma, lattice degeneration was 2.0%, 4.6% and 18% respectively. Axial length of more than 24 mm was significant risk factor(Adjusted Odd's Ratio=3.88)of vitreo retinal degeneration in eyes with myopia of more than 5 D. The compliance of visual aid was 58.4%. There were 8.8% of the 499 children's vision was less than 6/60 and they could benefit from low vision care.

CONCLUSION: Nearly one fifth of eyes with myopia had vitreo retinal degeneration. High myopia had less vitreo retinal degeneration of serious consequences. Detailed retinal examination of eyes with myopia should be carried out periodically.