目的：通过观察高眼压模型形态学改变，为复方卡波姆成功构建高眼压模型提供形态学证据。

方法：SD清洁级大鼠50只，用随机数字法随机分为实验组大鼠40只、空白组大鼠10只。通过前房注射10μL复方卡波姆溶液方式造模，实验组大鼠在模型成功后再次随机分为3组，各组在高眼压1、2、3wk时间点分别处死并取材部分大鼠模型，观察视网膜和视神经病理结构、超微结构变化。

结果：实验组模型在1、2、3wk时间点均出现高眼压的视神经、视网膜损伤。电镜下正常视神经轴索、髓鞘结构完整，无明显溶解情况； 高眼压下的视神经轴索消失，髓鞘排列紊乱，阶段性溶解或脱髓鞘变性，胶质细胞增生。光镜下正常视网膜各层结构分明，各层无明显水肿，未见炎症细胞； 高眼压下的视网膜细胞排列紊乱，外核层增厚，内、外丛状层增厚，内核层增厚，出现空泡状结构，节细胞数目减少，节细胞层和神经纤维层水肿，小胶质细胞增生，血管膜毛细血管扩张，出现炎症细胞。电镜下正常视网膜细胞器结构较为完整，无明显细胞增生，线粒体结构正常，膜盘结构较为完整； 高眼压下视网膜节细胞层小胶质细胞增生，节细胞结构模糊，细胞器结构消失； 细胞凋亡，线粒体肿胀，胞浆空泡变性，视细胞外节膜盘断裂或溶解； 并且损伤程度与高眼压时间呈正比。

结论：高眼压模型的视网膜、视神经形态学改变证明，复方卡波姆溶液前房注射构建高眼压模型成功。

METHODS: Totally 50 SD rats were divided into experimental group 40 rats, blank group 10 rats by random number method. The rats in experimental group were randomly divided into 3 groups after the model was successful. Experimental model of high intraocular pressure was sacrificed at 1, 2 and 3wk to observe its pathological structure change and ultrastructure change.

RESULTS: The high intraocular pressure of experimental model in 1, 2 and 3wk all showed the optic nerve and retinal damage. It was to see the optic nerve axon disappear, disorder arrangement of myelin sheath, periodic dissolve or demyelinating degeneration, glial cell proliferation. It showed the cells disordered arrangement of retina, the outer nuclear layer became thick, the inner and outer plexiform layer become thick, the kernel layer became thick, air bubbles, the numbers of ganglion cells reduced, ganglion cells and nerve fiber layer edema, microglia proliferation, vascular membrane capillaries expansion, inflammatory cells appearing. It was to see the retinal ganglion cells layer with microglia proliferation under the electron microscope, ganglion cells structure fuzzy, organelles structures disappear, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial swelling, cytoplasm vacuoles degeneration, membrane plate of outer segment fracture or dissolved. And the damage degree was proportional to the forming time of high intraocular pressure.

CONCLUSION: The morphology change of high intraocular pressure model about the retin and optic nerve proves that it is successful building the model through anterior chamber injection of compound carbomer solution.