目的：分析天津地区早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)筛查的结果，研究肺表面活性剂及经鼻连续正压通气(NCPAP)对于ROP的影响。

方法：多中心回顾性研究。2 894例早产儿(1 592 男婴，1 302 女婴)主要来自于天津市几家大型医院，筛查时间从2009-01/2013-12，对人口统计学信息，眼科检查结果和可能的全身危险因素均进行记录。孕周、出生体重、吸氧、肺表面活性剂和NCPAP对ROP的影响进行了评估。

结果：224例448眼患有ROP(7.7%)。其中，49例98眼为严重ROP。在对照组与ROP组之间呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)、NCPAP、肺表面活性剂的应用差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果表明小孕龄、低出生体质量、吸氧是导致ROP发生的危险因素。随着肺表面活性剂与NCPAP的使用率增加，吸氧率逐渐下降，ROP的发生率也在下降。

结论：低出生体质量、低孕龄、吸氧史与ROP的发生密切相关，肺表面活性剂与NCPAP的使用可能是降低ROP发生的因素。

METHODS: A multicenter retrospective review. Totally 2894 preterm infants(1592 males, 1302 females)from several hospitals in Tianjin were screened from January 2009 to December 2013. Demographic information, ophthalmic outcomes and possible systemic risk factors were recorded. Gestation age, birth weight, oxygen supplementation, Curosurf and NCPAP were used to estimate risk factors for ROP.

RESULTS: ROP was found in 448 eyes of 224 patients(7.7%). Among which, severe ROP developed in 98 eyes of 49 patients(21.9%). There was significant statistical difference in respiratory distress syndrome(RDS), NCPAP, and Curosurf usage between control and ROP groups(P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analyses of ROP indicated that lower birth weight, younger gestational age, and oxygen supplementation were the risk factors leading to ROP. As the usage rate of Curosurf and NCPAP increased year by year, the usage of oxygen supplementation gradually decreased, the incidence of ROP was also on the decline.

CONCLUSION: Low birth weight, young gestational age and oxygen supplementation are associated with ROP. The use of Curosurf and NCPAP may be the factor that reduces the occurrence of ROP.