Blue light is an important part of natural light.The wavelength is mainly between 400nm and 500nm, which is a kind of short-wavelength light and a part of the high-energy visible spectrum. The damage of blue light refers to the photochemical action caused by radiation of this wavelength, resulting in damage to the retina. In the visible light, blue light has the highest sensitivity to the retina and the strongest penetrating power, so the photochemical damage is the strongest. The primary harm is to damage retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)and retinal photoreceptor cells. The research on the protection against the damage of blue light has been gradually carried out. In this paper, the research progress of its protective mechanism is discussed based on the currently study.