目的：分析不同年龄段儿童的屈光状态、眼生物学参数及其之间的相关关系。

方法：横断面研究。选取2016-01/2017-10来门诊就诊的3～12岁儿童1 138名2 276眼，记录等效球镜度、眼轴长度、角膜曲率、角膜厚度等。

结果：纳入的1 138名儿童的平均屈光度为-0.67±2.66D，平均角膜曲率为43.37±1.72D，平均眼轴长度为23.65±1.41mm。其中，平均角膜曲率男生为42.98±1.86D，女生为43.81±1.42D； 平均眼轴长度男生为23.94±1.36mm，女生为23.32±1.40mm； 平均角膜中心厚度男生为541.83±33.73μm，女生为536.10±31.49μm； 平均角膜散光男生为1.53±0.99D，女生为1.65±1.02D，男女组间各指标差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3～6岁组眼轴长度、角膜中心厚度均低于其余年龄组，等效球镜度、角膜散光均高于其他年龄组(P<0.05)。眼轴长度及角膜中心厚度与年龄呈正相关。轴率比与年龄呈正相关，与等效球镜度呈负相关。

结论：眼轴长度及角膜曲率是影响儿童屈光状态的主要因素，随着儿童眼轴长度增长，角膜曲率也发生一定变化，轴率比可以评测这种改变。

METHODS: Totally 1 138(2 276 eyes)children aged 3-12 years old were enrolled in this study from January 2016 to October 2017. Equivalent spherical degree, axial length, corneal curvature and corneal thickness were measured.

RESULTS: The average spherical diopter of 1 138 children is -0.67±2.66D, the average corneal curvature is 43.37±1.72D, and the axial length is 23.65±1.41mm. The average corneal curvature of boys is 42.98±1.86D and that of girls is 43.81±1.42D. The axial length of boys is 23.94 ± 1.36 mm and that of girls is 23.32±1.40mm. The central corneal thickness of boys is 541.83±33.73μm and that of girls is 536.10±31.49μm. The corneal astigmatism of boys was 1.53±0.99D and that of girls is 1.65±1.02D. There is a significant difference between boys and girls. Axial length and central corneal thickness are lower in 3-6 age group than those in other age groups. Equivalent diopter and corneal astigmatism are higher than those in other age groups(P<0.05). Axial length and central corneal thickness are in positive correction with age. Axial ratio is positively correlated with age and negatively correlated with spherical equivalent.

CONCLUSION: The axial length and corneal curvature are the main factors affecting the refraction status in children. With the growth axial length, the curvature of cornea also changes to some extent. AL/CR can predict this change.