Tears are secreted by lacrimal and accessory lacrimal glands, mainly through eyelid and blink movement to form the watery layer of tear film. Tear proteomics is a difficult and hot topic whose main purpose is to detect high sensitive and specific biomarkers representing eye diseases or even systemic diseases so as to facilitate diseases diagnosis and assessment, as well as to achieve personalized treatment, improve prognosis, and design targeted follow-up experiments to understand the molecular mechanisms of the disease. It may have wider application prospects in eye diseases and some systemic diseases compared to existing routine fluid examinations such as blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid tests. Numerous studies have shown that many diseases have changes in the composition of tears. In this paper, we will review the progress of proteomics used to investigate the changes of the protein components of tears in different eye diseases.