AIM: To investigate the influence of orthokeratology combined with 0.01% Atropine Sulfate Eye Gel on the recovery of myopia in children and the factors influencing the curative effect of children. METHODS: Totally 200 children with myopia admitted to our hospital in 2017-03/2019-03 were selected. According to the requirements of children and guardians, the observation group(orthokeratology combined with 0.01% Atropine Sulfate Eye Gel)and the control group(only wearing orthokeratology)were selected. Totally 108 cases in the observation group were included in the study, 8 cases were abandoned after 6mo, and 100 cases were finally included to complete the follow-up. 92 cases in the control group were included in the study, 5 cases abandoned after 6mo, and 87 cases completed the follow-up. The patients' best corrected far vision, best corrected near vision, naked eye vision, intraocular pressure, pupil diameter and adjustment amplitude and discomfort symptoms after treatment were collected before and after 6mo.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity of the observation group after treatment was 0.12±0.05, and that of the control group was 0.19±0.07, which were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05), and the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the intraocular pressure of the two groups had no significant change(P>0.05); the pupil diameter of the observation group after treatment was(7.01±0.66)mm, which was significantly higher than(6.09±0.69)mm before treatment(P<0.05); the adjustment amplitude was(14.06±4.03)D, which was significantly lower than(15.31±4.40)D before treatment(P<0.05); there were no significant changes in the pupil diameter and adjustment amplitude of the control group after treatment(P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that good myopia control was negatively correlated with age, uncorrected visual acuity and astigmatism before treatment(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that myopia control was negatively correlated with age and uncorrected visual acuity before treatment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology combined with 0.01% Atropine Sulfate Eye Gel is helpful for the control of myopia in children. The effect of treatment is influenced by the age of children and the visual acuity before treatment.