High myopia is one of the major blinding diseases in China and even in the world, and high myopia with cataract is a kind of complex cataract with a high risk of blindness. At present, surgery is the only treatment. Because high myopia can lead to a series of complex changes in the eye, compared with the normal axial eye, it is easier to produce the refractive error and refractive drift after surgery. In this paper, the influencing factors of refractive error after cataract surgery for high myopia are reviewed, including the accuracy of preoperative biological measurement, the choice of intraocular lens calculation formula, and the change of effective intraocular lens position.