Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the common and severe ocular complications of diabetes mellitus, representing a leading cause of blindness among working-age people. Currently, the pathogenesis of DR is not been explained, and the treatment effect is quite limited in advanced stage. In recent years, it has been revealed in some studies that DR could produce a particularly remarkable performance in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics and metabolomics. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing and detection technology, different omics techniques can explore the occurrence and development mechanism of DR from different omics levels. This paper introduces the research progress of DR in different omics techniques,as well as the new direction of integration analysis in multiomics with DR, and finally discusses the current existing problems and future prospects of omics technology. Therefore, the application of different omics techniques to explore the occurrence and development of DR on different levels contributes a novel idea to unraveling the pathophysiological mechanism of DR and identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.