DNA methylation, as an important form of epigenetic modification, plays vital roles in the occurrence and development of diseases by regulating gene expression. In recent years, with the rapid development of DNA methylation research and the continuous updates of the detection method,it is reported that DNA methylation has become an important way to explore the pathogenesis of various diseases and new treatment methods.Many breakthroughs have been made in the basic research of DNA methylation in different ophthalmological diseases, including corneal epithelium repair, cell adhesion and abnormal matrix remodeling of conjunctival epithelium, ocular fibrosis and glaucoma, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and cell damage, the relationship between different DNA methylation levels and ocular tumors, etc. This review aims to provide a new idea for the pathogenesis, examination, diagnosis and prevention of different ocular diseases by summarizing the relevant studies on the regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation in ophthalmological diseases.