Sclera is an important tissue to maintain the structure and function of eyes.Its unique biomechanical properties influence the occurrence and development of ocular diseases. The biomechanical properties of sclera are mainly determined by extracellular matrix(ECM), which contains different types of collagen fibers, proteoglycan and other substances. In many ocular diseases, the change of the content and arrangement of these scleral ingredients as well as scleral biomechanics can be called scleral remodeling. In recent years, studies have shown that the scleral remodeling is a complex and dynamic process in many ocular diseases,with many key molecules and signaling pathways participating and regulating. Those key molecules and signaling pathways influencing the scleral remodeling of ocular diseases are reviewed, and the availability of scleral intervention in the treatment of ocular diseases is explored.